C. S.

INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
DEORI DIST. GONDIA

2019-2020
DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER ENGINEERING

A MICRO-PROJECT REPORT ON
“Prepare Report on Household Water Filtrations Unit”

For the partial fulfillment of Diploma in Computer Engineering, MSBTE,

Mumbai

Guided by
S.K.Bodhole sir

Submitted by

Sr. No. Name of the Students Enrollment No. Exam Seat No.
1. Nitin L. Kumbhare 1711910051
2. Amit W. Tembhurkar 1711910052
3. Shital Rane 1811910053
 C. S. INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY,
DEORI DIST. GONDIA

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that this Micro-Project contains the bonafied work of

following students of Fifth Sem Diploma in Computer Engineering, of C. S.
Institute of Technology, Deori Dist. Gondia for the session 2019-20. They have
completed their Micro- project report entitled " Prepare Report on Household

Water Filtrations Unit” under the guidance of Mr. S.K.Bodhole. This Project
report is being submitted to MSBTE, Mumbai, in the partial fulfillment for the
Diploma in Engineering.
Sr. No. Name of the Students Enrollment No. Exam Seat No.
1. Nitin L. Kumbhare 1711910051
2. Amit W. Tembhurkar 1711910052
3. Shital Rane 1811910053

Subject In charge

HOD Mr. A. M. Khatwar

Computer Engg. Principal

Place: Deori
Date:
 CONTENTS

Sr. No. CONTENT PAGE NO.

1 INTRODUCTION 1

2 TYPES OF FILTRATIONS 2
ADVANTAGES
3 3-7
DISADVANTAGES
4 8
GOALS OF FILTRATIONS
5 9
RESULT
8 12
CONCLUSION
9 13
REFERENCE
10 14
 INTRODUCTION

Water filtrations is the process of removing undesirable chemicals, biological

contaminants, suspended solids, and gases from water. The goal is to produce water fit for
specific purposes. Most water is purified and disinfected for human consumption (drinking
water), but water purification may also be carried out for a variety of other purposes,
including medical, pharmacological, chemical, and industrial applications. The methods used
include physical processes such as filtration, sedimentation, and distillation; biological
processes such as slow sand filters or biologically active carbon; chemical processes such as
flocculation and chlorination; and the use of electromagnetic radiation such as ultraviolet
light.
Water purification may reduce the concentration of particulate matter including suspended
particles, parasites, bacteria, algae, viruses, and fungi as well as reduce the concentration of a
range of dissolved and particulate matter.
The standards for drinking water quality are typically set by governments or by international
standards. These standards usually include minimum and maximum concentrations of
contaminants, depending on the intended use of the water.
Visual inspection cannot determine if water is of appropriate quality. Simple procedures such
as boiling or the use of a household activated carbon filter are not sufficient for treating all
possible contaminants that may be present in water from an unknown source. Even natural
spring water – considered safe for all practical purposes in the 19th century – must now be
tested before determining what kind of treatment, if any, is needed. Chemical and
microbiological analysis, while expensive, are the only way to obtain the information
necessary for deciding on the appropriate method of purification.

TYPES OF WATER FILTERATION

  Activated Carbon
Carbon removes contaminants by chemically bonding to the water that is poured into the
system. Some are only effective at removing chlorine, which only improves taste and odor,
while others remove more harmful contaminants, such as mercury and lead. It is important to
note that carbon filters do not have the ability to remove inorganic pollutants such as nitrates,
fluoride, and arsenic. Carbon filters are usually sold in block or granulated form to
consumers.

 Carbon Block
Carbon block filters are block-shaped filters that are composed of crushed carbon particles.
These filters tend to be more effective than other types of carbon-based filters since they have
a larger surface area. The rate at which water flows through these filters has a direct impact
on their level of effectiveness. Fibredyne carbon block filters have a greater sediment-holding
capacity than other types of block filters.
  Distillation
Distillation is one of the oldest water purification methods. It vaporizes water by heating it to
exceptionally high temperatures. The vapor is then condensed back into drinkable, liquid
water. Distillation removes minerals, microorganisms, and chemicals that have a high boiling
point. These filters cannot remove chlorine and many other volatile organic chemicals.
 ADVANTAGES

1. After the water has been purified it is separated from unwanted substances.

2. It is safe for consumption and also in doing household chores.

3. It does not require a lot of energy to maintain.

4. It is a simple process.

DISADVANTAGES

1. Not all germs and contaminants are removed from filtered water. When the process is
taking place very, small particles can pass through the membranes used to perform
water filtering.

2. Thorough cleaning and care of the equipment are very vital so that they can carry out
the water softening process without any hitch whatsoever.
 3. All the cartridges must be disposed of after the water softening process. These
cartridges contain harmful toxins that were purified from the hard water. If they are
thrown anyhow they might end up being pollutants to the environment.

GOALS OF FILTERATION

The goals of the treatment are to remove unwanted constituents in the water and to
make it safe to drink or fit for a specific purpose in industry or medical applications. Widely
varied techniques are available to remove contaminants like fine solids, micro-organisms and
some dissolved inorganic and organic materials, or environmental persistent pharmaceutical
pollutants. The choice of method will depend on the quality of the water being treated, the
cost of the treatment process and the quality standards expected of the processed water.
The processes below are the ones commonly used in water purification plants. Some or most
may not be used depending on the scale of the plant and quality of the raw (source) water.
 RESULT

We successfully created report on household water filtrations unit.

 CONCLUSION

Thus, we successfully created a report on household water filtrations unit. We have added
some of basic water filtrations techniques in the report.
 REFERENCE

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water_purification#Goals

https://learn.allergyandair.com/water-filters/

https://www.quora.com/What-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-filtration

https://www.process-cooling.com/articles/89530-what-are-your-water-treatment-goals