PPP PPOT ERIE | GRINNELL—PIPING DESIGN AND ENGINEERING LIne INERTIAS. ‘When determining th loation of the centro of syst andthe valu of the neti its ncessary to fonder each uniform segment individually. ‘The ‘el of euch eagmeat ita funston oft eng, shape, sad location applied at ite cunter of gravity. Por ‘onvenience apply all dimensions in fst and decimals, csuTeR OF GRAVITY OF LINE SEOMENTS (2) Straight Line | bso Bead ore: Whee an asea epi sh oeala “ ‘Tho centroid of system i located by tho algebraic smmation of the individual products—egrnent value times the normal diatance frm axis bo og Nore: Alene sayaton snes nal dence may be is oi od st asset lig Stmight Line in Plane of Projection Sliight Line Perpendicular to Plane of Projection 1sL (ea. 1H) 90" Bend in Plane of Projetion a= steRe! (Bq 110) I | Norn: For vaueset bse pages 1010JON AND STILESSBS oy Bed in Plano of Projection ‘Stenght Line in Plane of Projection Parale to Hither ‘Aas = 80, eae (4.1) ney tesee) oT - i (oy be i vere) | ! I u ' Tay = ey (Pav) ‘Straight Line in Plane of Projection Inclined to Axes 40” Bea Perpendicular to Plane of Projection “ was eu! (ea) rN | » a | \ al ! I Tey = pee + Ley (Bq. VI) Stale Line Perpndieaa to Pune of Proecon PRODUCT OF INERTIA Cpa re The pact of nertin ofan element ists length ines oo! [my mchiphed by its distances from twoaxes. ‘The product “ee ’ se ac ie et ad ‘agrs ths result will be positive or negutive. | Th fling formas ve Peete Feta oe caer epee Tap=13ey (BVI 6 RRRLAGALETIALLLTTTALTTTTATAUTATAGARALUURAARA ADS |DUST Tee esse eek U eek e tk Usk U aes U Uae se see Tee INNELL— PIPING DESIGN AND ENGINEERING 90" Bend in Plane of Projection about Ares through cg, 90° Bead in Pane of Projection about Axes not through Case 1: Where both + axes iterate ae + { Jeo \ —- x fo where both + es intersect radial ines dae akon 44a m ehOASTR) + LTARy es Seg Ao 4. 18 above fo prope si, (9, A) 00" Bend Perpendicular to Pane of Projection (Cang 2: Where one + axis intersect are and one + aut intersects radial line. eer te EN Ia = +0x07e) 1K 2) ax None: Valovs of 0.1872" are tabulated on page 49, = LBLRzy 6EXPANSION AND STRESS! fay Hendin Plane of Projection about Axes theough MomEn? OF INERTIA (enter of Carvatare + the moment of inetia of an elements ite length i multiplied by the square ofits distance trom ay ax i The moment f inertia of the entre Lenoh f the sum | full thew products. "The moment of inertia has Postive sgh only 1 . The folowing formulas give Moment of Inertia for rp aoe dy Bend in Plane of Projection about Axes not | “hoop Center af Carature r= 4 (pacallel to ass) (&q. xIVA) # Lat (perpendicuae to axis) (Ba. XIVB) ea x19 (&q, vA) nave (ea xv) Nowe or vl fw! 9/12 and cow 12 wpe 4. a PRUGAURAETTAREEETALALTTTTATTTTAAAAATARRARAA AARHARA | Bessa esses sass sss SUITE GHINNEL. PIPING DESIGN AND ENGINEERING Stnight Line Perpendicular to Pan of Projection Any Bend in Pane of Proeton abut Aes though . enter of Coraare rotated ven x aye {07 Bend ia Plane of Projection (a XIX) bina eon ria > | (a 1K I | = ‘oy Bend in Plane of Projection aboot Axes not , bo) | “heou Center of Curvature | (aq xvIEA) = b(0.s0R) + srk y= k@.1s9k) + 1st (Ea, XVII) f2s2LL 1B = yb (Eq XXA) (in 26, ~ sin 2857) BP be feet le nooe (Ct sk (Bq, XB) tenis ye = 1.157% y (84, XVIILA) = 181Ry* (panel oasis) Ty = 190.408") + L812" (perpendicular to ais) (&q, xvItIB) 48| Fesiewuneeeuseenouetoueerese CUUUTUUUULUCUURYSENDS aaa WEseT Tessa esa. GRINNELL. PIPING DESIGN AND ENGINEERING SINGLE PLANE SYSTEM the sketch shown aloe ‘Maximum Operating Pressure P40 pi ‘Maximum Operating Temperature 730" F Piping Speiteation ASTM. A100 Grade A Data: = 0,500 ines Tp = 212inchest page 12 Sq = 3045 inches? rr = 96, age 9 517016 psi paged Find: Ronction foreos Fund at pointe (At point retin frees aru ti ual opposite) Reaction moments at point «aide Amount un loeation of Masimom ending Stes, 5, Solution: Assume point fixed abd pine tempor rarily'relesed. The thermal expansion would then move pointe in the directions and by the amounts 4, tnd 8, toa new lesion atsblish wses + and +¥" at point ¢ opposite to Ue ditetion sf a, and 8, respectively. Determine the location of the eentroid using axes X” and." a5 Tay axes +X and +¥ through the eenten parae toandin the same direction as 4X" und) +". Gales Jute the line neta about ante X and Y, Solve for Fy und Fy by substituting te line in in the following equstions z= the distance X dosti from pinta 106 $1012 = aR Ly = the distance in ¥ dzetion fom points ato = 2-11 = 1008 20,842 x 52 + 98 ~HLR x 1,029 — (0549) 8088 pound 8433 310 + 9619 82 Biss X 30.342 — canaay? ™ MHS % 212 2 3 990 x 212 Pas these reaction forces tvough the entra. The prude of these foncoy and their respective Uistnces from any point gives the bending moment that point. Assume counterclockwise rotation ae “+ wd ‘oewie rotation ax — Solve for restion moments at points @ and ¢ as fallow Mug = ~ (S088 X 0.96) + (1561 x 18.22) = 425477 fel +(G088 x 908) ~ (508 x 93.78) = Hsia M, FF, the rmultant of Fy and By, when posed the the centroid, gives the position of the neuteal ax The maximum bending moment ore st that point whic is furthest frm thn ral ave thi sou is pine d Mya = + (088 X 204) + (1561 x 6.22) = 187695 18 = 87025 X 12 = 451,600 inch pounds M _ 451,500 594d ‘The maximum bonding stress ap i 11,451 psi which ines than the allowable stro onnge of 17,55 pua PARDIURRLIVTURRTRLTEETITII999Meese sees e ase s taka TTT USI IUUT UU SINGLE PLANE SYSTEM CONTAINING CIRCULAR ARCS tity Gora: A 10 iach piping ays in eceoedanen with le sketeh stow ave ‘Maximum Operating Pressure 400 pi ‘Maximum Operiting Temperature 750° F Piping Spcibestion” AS.T.M. A-106 Grade A Dat: “Tiapttoco) Pe 2a 2 =i page 12 uz ind: Meaetion forces Fy and Fy at point (Ab point a reseton forces are equ and opposite) Reaction momeats at points and h Amountand location of Maximn Bending tres, Suton: Determine the location ofthe centroid and alculae the line inertia inthe same manner as at lined on page $0 except that the flexi factor ‘must be included forall curved segments of the systems, Solve for Fy aad Fy using the equations shown on age 50: by = 2414 = 10 feet 21,00 x 82 + 10,87 10 ‘415 x 21,800 — Loasi)s * 99 X 212 = 2795 pounds 9415 x 10 + tos? x 52 415 x 21,809 — canasry# * 980 X 212 = 1467 pounds 8 asthe reation forces through the centroid. ‘The product of these fore and ther respective distances from any peint gives the bending moment at that point. “Astume counterclockwise tlution ee + end ‘lockwite rotation as — Solve for reaction moments at points @ and A as fellows = (2195 x 0.40) + (467 x 17.37) = #24306 fe Mua = +(2795 x 9.60) ~ (1407 x 34.68) = =22970 #, the reautant of Py sod Fy when passed through the ‘centroid gives the position of the neuttl sik ‘The maximum bending moment oveuts at thet, point which is furthest fom the nausteal axis A seals draw: ing wil show that this poict located between f nd g ‘normal distance of @ feet fom the neatral exis ‘The heading moment and bending stresin ths curved szetion of pipe are determined as fallows: A = VEOH TAP x 9.4 = 294 ~ 29672 x 12 = 356,004 inch pounds 366 3045 2 masimom banding moment in Mug = (2795 % 9.60) + (4467 X 1.21) = 425,007 Fe18 eb X 1.00 = 9090 pi craght pipe = 28007 x 12 = 243284 inch pounds M 348.601 OS Goa ra ‘The maximum bending seas ia 9090 psi, soourring in member fg and is ese than the allowable stvess ange of 22,50 piTo find og. of cash sczment oe page 4, ab agit “| ore suse ef = 1508 00 o 2 adios of al shee 16K sist By | ABESMAESINS tara atexenexoss ies Qe | BREE EG cr srssecescaanc on I pe Na LE orem or i 6.0) 4.244148 9 bog | Sue | Boge x cm 4 11.74 x 6.058 E Rhee bs 5 S¥irhn | HO.) 4.109 41.97 1.74% 4.199.807 S oreqatinrele a we page Ao 2 TUVTTLLLULVUAARTAARAAAA,ease eee f FFs k esate esa UT UU Given: A 10 ines piping system in acordsnce with the ketch shown abave Maximum Operating Terperature Maximum Operating Presres Piping Speciation Dats 1 0365 inches} = whe 40} = 1m4zincies Tr = 1003 incest Sy 200 nhs! a0 F 350 ps ASTM 4.106 Gride A from page 2 and 12 from page 12 Ay = 789 inches! Ay = 1191 inches] Sura = 940 fro page 9 Se = 17675 psi from pogo 3 Pind: Howetion fora FF aid Rat point. (Ab Pint «retin forces ae egal and Spposite) Revction Moments May By nd My, at points @ ‘Amountand lari of Maxim Combined ron Solution: Assume pont a fixed and point « txspo rarily neat. the ermal expansion, worl! thea ‘0¥0 point «in the dineation aid hy the amounts de, 44, and 3, «new lation e tablish anes 4X", 4+)", and 42" a point © opposite tothe destin of By, By aid 3, respectively Projet the piping system into the three planes ove by these exon. “The three plates ure denotes the XY, XZ, and ¥2 plane, £ Determine the location of the cantroid and cleulate Ie tne inertia foreach projection Caleulation ofthe se inertia roma two moments of inertia foreach aie which are ade, ‘Total. = 2013 4 3581 = S44 foot? ‘Total Fy = 2647 + 2077 = S724 ext? ‘Total /, = 2880 + 1905 — 4887 feat? Products of inertia from the calevatons ave Toy = $1461 foot? Tee = $200 feat eee pe Toc these values into the following equations and sive for, Fy aid Pe EPale~ Palay ~ Palen = Lyelp Filo + Byle — Fala = Lele SRLS Blt BL, = hale Ly = distance ia X direction fom ato ¢ Stet 1 distance in ¥ dieston from a toe ‘by = distance in Z dinetion from e to € 7 1ieet Lacly = 14 % 000 x 1008 = 2,242,105 1 Ee ele = 12 X 906 X 1008 = L901 882 bE Lecle @ 18 X 906 X 1008 = 218805820 1 FE () +R, 8584 — Fy 401 — P2900 = 2,242,195 (2) =F, ol + Fy 5724 — Fy 5p = 10212 @) FL eau — S20 + Fase7 > 2se2 820EXPANSION AND STRESSES, PROJECTION 1 x7 PLANE. rl iw tl] oan | eee 5s CRVILADRLAVURLAAILAIVVGIVAUALTAAAAAAAARARARARASVESTS IFT FFF FFT TUTTI UU ITT T TUTTI BT PIPING DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PROysCTION TW x2 PLANE ” = 5 To find eg, of each cogent see page IL-9 6) SS Pw xve | Bix 2sxranstON AND STRESSES pay woHOH IN 72 PLANE a find eg of ch segment bog) axe Bn | este ERRRPARTLTALRELLTURELITTTAUTTAAAAATANRARARA ARSTTT TTT TTT T TTT NUTT kU UTI COMISNEL. PIPING DESIGN AND ENGHNEERENE _ ea TT] ae | ae aon | Pat ie] 1 - |g | si | Ta | AEBS | 8 | | o] se “Shae eee 8 | ~ 320 “887 =2sm.822 @ | BS aie Bad mere | B | = 2a | % | a he HB as Fog | ce | aqgntemn | gece mel ae | af Lae | wee] oe piece | ger] 1 will bo noted Una coaficients lonted symmeti= cally opposite in néference to 8 dagonal drawn fom Ue upper eft to the lower right wee eal, uations ofthis shape can be solved most conveniently by the following proved Inert the ccficents and constants for equations (1, @), nd) im the ines marked (1), (2), and (8). “Th constant takes the opposite sign been each ine reads as the left sido of aa equation, and "=O" ia ‘rite fom the table il lines in the order indicated by the numbers atthe of side ofthe tate a folows ine (A): Divide figures in line (1) by the negative ‘coafiien of Fi line (L) (he, by S514), ine (6): Multiply igen i ine (1) by the ceclent of Fy inline A) (i.e, by +0264) ine (): Tho algebaie sum of tines (2) and (6), Fe Live (2): Divide figures in tine (6) by the negative ‘ocelot of Fin ine (6) (se, by — 8229) Line (8): Multiply figinos inline (1) bythe cooiient ‘of Pia line (1) ie, by +0120), Line (b): Muluply figure is line () bythe eoeiient ‘of Pym line (7) (ie, by +0210), Line (10): The algebraic sum of fines (2), (8) and (@), Fy and P, coecants become 0. Line (41): Divide figures in ine (10) by the negative cueicient of in ine (10) (be, by 3084, Line (U1): Line (11) restated asa equation, ine (112): The woltion of equation on line (ILA) ‘ery uv of #200 pound for Line (74): Live (7) restated au an equation subativt- ‘ng the value for F, found on line (11B), ine (7): The solution of equation ow tine GA) exving a valu of 731 panda ino: (1A): Lino (4) restated etation tis Tg the values for Py and F, found on lines (118) ind 7B) respectively Line (2B): The solution of equation on line (44) oviving a value of 111 oun for Flaving determined values for the rection forse P,, Fy avd Fy, robin to the plune prujection div grams and apply. the ‘spective. reactions. atthe entroid of cath plane. ‘The fore at the central tmulliplied ty their distance frm point give the reaction moments at point ¢. ‘The forest at 4 centroid multiptied by the ALtance from anyother point give the beading moments at that pt, “These moments er sted in the following table with positive ngn for sounterleekwive rotation Buch poi of the system in mjecta to a tone provioced by the monet in the plane perpendicla to the tine segment. Acorn point (such ab) mst be considered fst ab part of one fine agent ab aid secondly as part of the other Tine wagnent be The roment essing tou es mhlyontia a ‘one whose mbeeript dace ack cootain the liter Jai nating the drcetion ofthe ine segment, For example the torque nt point is Af shen ba eonsdered wy 8 part of segment ab (ab being paral to the Yas), wal ‘My when b is considered ux a part of segment be (Ge bing paulo to the X axis) (nee the torque moment has been deternined, the resultant eta moment i fou. y te vectorial sum (square root ofthe as af the sqaure) ofthe oer ‘two momeats atthe pont in quertin,EXPANSION AND STRI Mo ver rom inpecion ofthe Moment Tabulation (et: Tho maximum resultant bending moment is 20,80 Ls eccuring at point a wis un aeormpanying ‘argue af 006 fb Cis II: The maximum torque is 7845 [1b ine be sn th larger aceorpanying M i 13,821 Ib occurring ving computed the maximum bending moment tnt the nusimum torque, the masimum expansion fos i datenmined in the manner outlined on page 3 (Case F (at point) M = 20390 41 = 20380 x 12 = 244,860 inch pounds T= s008 81 = 8006 x 12 = 30,702 inch pounds 2.560 29 Zz = 8170 ps 2 t "35a x a0” 1H MO VGSTIEOREP «awe Poa MOVERS F OR = sm Tot Se= Val FGF = VEG) FORE = 8271 ps Case 11 (at point) B= 13821 00 = 13821 x 12 ~ 165,838 neh ros = Tei5 (Ub = 7815 x 1 94,140 inch pope 1M _ 105382 « = 5547 ps 2. so 3s," 3x00 Sp = VP Fis? = Vee TRF = 6852 psi © = 1874 ps ‘The rximum combined stress» 8271 pi, ovo ng at point and ie Teas than tv allow stress range 8 of 17.075 ps, PRRRGRARLIVILARELILEELITTATTTATTALAARUTARARAA AAR,MOST FFT F STAT STUN NU SSN U SIU aaa GRINNELL,— PIPING DESIGN AND ENGINEERING MULTIPLE PLANE SYSTEM CONTAINING CIRCULAR ARCS I ‘ wl Lh q oo Eo" Dod R= 8D, = 4.00 | LAL f= 18D, 128 IN Pa Gie: 10 inch piping sem in nosed wth Reaction moments May Man and Bly at oints th ah shown above and Amount and loin o Stine Cond Maximum Operating Prmre ?, ue HMximan OpentingTemperatafe Selon: Projet the piping system into the tne Ping Specteaion ASTM A106 Gre A plan determi the lectin ete seu aad is cise th ne ines inte same manner a ue es eee) ie om page, exept thatthe Rey aco ge 2 and 12 tht fuded a curved vents he lane = setedule 40} a = 1002 inches] T= 1003 inches) Sa = 209 inches! 41 = 78.9inchos? | of projection Total J, 1008-4 S258 = S276 f° Total fy = 2802-4 3611 = ObI9 1 ‘Total J, = 01 + 1078 = SoUD hyo nthe yy = A191 ches? page 12 da = eRe gs = 2A fem T008? fet = LIT | Leche = 14 X 906 % 108 = 2,212,105 Beane = 815, Lyle = 12 X 006 X 1608 = 1,921,882 Ib fo tow = 201 Liele = 18 X O06 X 1008 = 2,862,822 fe? came = 16 page 9 (1) F.9278 — Fy 100 ~ #1779 = 2,212,196 Allow. Sq = ATO psi paged (@) Fy 100+ Fania — FL Tus = Leet Finds Ueaction forces FF, and Fy at point h (at (3) = ITT — F706 + F, 5009 = 2.882.822 point a reaction foros equal and opposite) ‘Se ge for bas unin «EXPANSION AND STR PROJECTION IN a PLANE {of ol Haba 38 Se Ais tata 2a x gr A 340.389 S16) 41.67 x 2.44 46.819 a F with origin at point 8) | ‘To find eg, of exch segment a puge 44 Length TARBDGRDTTTIRELLITELTATTITTIITIIARTATIAAAARARAEWUT sees seats aaa asad GRINNELL —PIPING DESIGN AND ENGINEERING PROJECTION sm x7 PLANE ean / nae | A380 1h 1 ai9 4 157 6.181 50.0% nf Z aon 1a |e ey axe or a0 | fe | xu {e+ aac an ie a | ox ‘ty cd & ity 4 1.81 x 400.689 eo a | xe 4 098 & | amy | gies cra +167 x19 1246.10 2 | Mita | Peres aay a Fel a or eqn rtroce numer wn pg to @"To find eg of eucl nogment ste poge 4 Lengths: 58 ai: ED 4 1972.44 430-9, 104-10.20) At BY] Shae | UAE «mcr me aa Fi] SMe | alee ees 99 44 asa oy le . agar & fain | Bose gn +10 at oe if | ANAS | bible [I | EOS cay sre acs aan ioe fe jose | SHE ea ERABDUBRUTILILELILILIELITIVIILILILAA AAASCease UUUUIU PIPING DESH ‘SoLvtioN oF EquATIONS (See page 58) AND ENGINEERING “a 8 et g us a wt |_ 1 (See page 50) a = Vii Fey - ATO [ea ae ca xe EA ETF = Tt = VETTE = 188 ce ee) per 21. From impaction the maximums bending moment, 2M, is 16,11 lb eeeanrng at point a which Is straight pipe. ‘The accompanying torque Tis 20 ‘The taaximums torque Pi 696010 in tine ed sd the larger ascampanying bending momen 2M, is TLL Te Tb at pont d whichis curved pipe witan factor of 26, I, The maximum bonding mement, M, in curved Pipe with anv factor of 261 is 10,88 0 Ih at i. 1V. The bending moments in curved pipe with an factor of 117 are relatively small (points, and) and therlare need nat be considered ‘The maximum expansion stress e determined inthe nase outlined on page 2 follows: Case T (at point 9) rout fw = 16H X 12 = 199,392 inch pounds T= 4205 = 4420 X12 = 69,148 nck pounds aM _wssse S79 rT saue as," Px 205 t= VG Sarl = VCO NaF aM ae = 6166 st EXPANSION AND STRI Caso IF (at point a) M = TeU (eb = TB1L 12 ~ 95732 inch pounds 1 = Gogo fei = 6080 x 12 = §5,08 inch pounds a, _ 98790 wo Ei SE 201 = sisaps on ge SMS 00, 7 as,“ axcang ~ MORE = VOY TAGS = VERE Ta 8680 ps (Case 11 (at point e) = 10088 6 10,85 X12 ~ 121,09 neh pounds T= 648 fet = 644 12 = 7728 inch pounds My _ san tan = Ry 261 — 0504p 7 7m ora ge pe = me t= VG E TG? = VOOR ETI = 10367 psi ‘The masimom expansion stress er is 10567 psi, ‘occurring at point «, and is lear than the allowable stews range Sy of 17,675 ps -_ - -_ = = -_ - es -_ ]