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A Design for Charging Section of Electrostatic Precipitators by Applying a Law

for Electric Field Waves

Article  in  "Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) · June 2017

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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-6, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in
A Design for Charging Section of
Electrostatic Precipitators by Applying a
Law for Electric Field Waves
C. Ganesa Moorthy1, G. Udhaya Sankar2, G. RajKumar3
1
Department of Mathematics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India
2
Department of Physics, Alagappa University, Karaikudi, India,
3
Department of EEE, Nehru College of Engineering and Research Centre, Pampady, India.
Abstract: A law for electric field waves is
proposed, and justifications for this law are given
in terms of known examples. This law is applied to
design a charging section of electrostatic
precipitators.
Key words: Electrostatic precipitators; Vacuum
diode; Seebeck effect.
Introduction
Scientists derived fundamental laws of
nature from observations. These laws were
guessed and they were verified directly or
indirectly through observations. Some laws can be
established through some other verifiable laws.
The present article presents a simplified law for
electric field waves by observing a property of
these waves. It was observed in the article [4] that
electromagnetic waves are either electric field
waves or exclusively magnetic field waves. Light
waves are identified as electric field waves. Thus a
law is proposed in the present article for light
waves. Heat energy produces light waves. So, a
modified version of this law for heat energy is also
stated. An electromagnetic wave is an electric field
wave, if it is created by an electric field and if it
creates an electric field. An electromagnetic wave
is a magnetic field wave, if it is created from a
magnetic field and if it creates a magnetic field.
More details may be found in the article [4], in
which it was observed that light waves are the
electric field waves. According to the articles [2,
8], self-rotating planets or stars have magnetic
field. Two nearby rotating planets or rotating stars
may produce magnetic field waves. The magnetic
field of a rotating planet or a rotating star may
deflect magnetic field waves. Thus, there may be
an effect of a magnetic field over a magnetic field
wave. The effect of an electric field wave over a
“free” electron of a molecule is proposed in the
next section as a law. Some justifications for this
law are presented in the present article. One
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
justification is used to design a charging section for
electrostatic precipitators.
The laws proposed
First law: If an electric field wave (or a light
wave) strikes a free electron of a molecule of a
material, it tries to repel the electron in the
direction of the wave.
Second law: If heat energy is applied to a material,
the free electrons of the molecules of a material
which receive the energy are repelled.
It is expected that an electric field wave
may affect the electrostatic field of an electron, and
so the first law is proposed. Since heat energy is
associated with light waves, the second law for heat
is proposed. This second law will also be justified
through known examples.
Justifications
A classical solar cell consists of two
semiconductors; one is n-type and another one is p-
type. When light rays fall on the n-type
semiconductor, by the first law, these rays push free
electrons of molecules of the n-type semiconductor
towards the adjacent p-type semiconductor. The p-
type semiconductor receives these free electrons
and there is a potential difference between outer
surfaces of the different types of semiconductors.
It seems that p-type semiconductors are acceptors
of free electrons through “holes” and n-type
semiconductors are donors of free electrons of
molecules. One may search for donors and
acceptors from materials used as anodes and
cathodes of electrochemical cells, and from
materials used for thermocouples. The second law
can be applied to explain current production in case
of a thermocouple, in which again there are two
conductors; one is an acceptor of free electrons and
another one is a donor of free electrons of
Page 842
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-6, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in
molecules. Thus the second law can be applied to
explain to the Seebeck effect.
The second law is applicable even to
explain Thomson effect. In an experimental set up
for Thomson effect, a long uniform metallic rod is
heated in the middle. The ends of the rod are
connected to the anode and the cathode of a direct
current source. By the second law, the free
electrons of the middle part are pushed towards
both ends of the rod. If the rod is a copper rod,
then it is a donor of free electrons. This rod is
ready to donate the free electrons of the middle part
through ends. The free electrons which reach the
end connected to the cathode repel the electrons
coming from the cathode, and this end gains heat
energy. The other end connected to the anode has
no problem in donating the free electrons of the
middle part to the anode, and this end does not
create heat. When a proton and an electron collide
with each other, energy is released through
radiation (see [1]). So, there is a heat loss in the
end connected to the anode. If the rod is an iron
rod, then it is an acceptor of free electrons, and it is
not ready to donate disturbed free electrons of the
middle part. It accepts electrons from the cathode
through the end connected to the cathode without
any problem, and the end connected to the cathode
does not create heat, but there is a loss of heat. The
Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
other end is not ready to donate free electrons of
the middle part to the anode, but for a flow of
current, these electrons should move through this
end towards the anode. So, heat energy is gained in
the end joined to the anode. Thus, both positive
and negative Thomson effects can be explained by
using the second law. One can explain the Peltier
effect by using an acceptor-donor argument.
Design for Electrostatic Precipitator
In a vacuum diode, a resistor-coil is placed
behind a cathode sheet, a sheet connected to the
cathode of a direct current source. If the coil is
heated by an electric current, then heat is radiated
and electric field waves are produced. These
waves reach the cathode sheet, and by the first law,
these waves repel the free electrons of the sheet to
the other side-surface to form a cloud of electrons.
These electrons of the cloud move through vacuum
towards the anode end. Thus the working principle
of a vacuum diode can be explained by using the
laws mentioned in the section 2. This vacuum
diode principle can be applied in designing a new
type of charging section for electrostatic
precipitators with moving cathodes (see [6, 7])
Page 843
 Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR)
Vol-3, Issue-6, 2017
ISSN: 2454-1362, http://www.onlinejournal.in

An electrostatic precipitator consists of a charging electrostatic precipitators, by using the principle for
section, which charges one part positively and vacuum diode.
another part negatively. Air with dust particles pass
through these charged portions. The dust particles
are attracted by these charged portions and then get
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field wave radiation and heat radiation by heating a University Press.
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charged tube connected to the cathode of a direct Rajkumar, G. (2016). Rotating Bodies Do
current source. When the air with dust particles is Have Magnetic Field.
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The sun rays create ionosphere in our ELECTROMAGNETIC WAVE?.
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repel encountered free electrons of molecules. This RajKumar, G. (2016). Global Magnetic
simple law has been justified by means of known Field Strengths of Planets From A
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Imperial Journal of Interdisciplinary Research (IJIR) Page 844

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