TABLA B Factores para calcular líneas centrales y límites de control 3s para gráficas de X , s y R

514

TABLA DE
PROMEDIOS TABLA DE DESVIACIONES ESTÁNDAR TABLA DE RANGOS
OBSERVACIONES FACTORES PARA FACTOR PARA FACTORES PARA FACTOR PARA FACTORES PARA
APÉNDICE

EN LA LÍMITES DE CONTROL LÍNEA CENTRAL LÍMITES DE CONTROL LÍNEA CENTRAL LÍMITES DE CONTROL
MUESTRA, n A A2 A3 C4 B3 B4 B5 B6 d2 d3 D1 D2 D3 D4
2 2.121 1.880 2.659 0.7979 0 3.267 0 2.606 1.128 0.853 0 3.686 0 3.267
3 1.732 1.023 1.954 0.8862 0 2.568 0 2.276 1.693 0.888 0 4.358 0 2.574
4 1.500 0.729 1.628 0.9213 0 2.266 0 2.088 2.059 0.880 0 4.698 0 2.282
5 1.342 0.577 1.427 0.9400 0 2.089 0 1.964 2.326 0.864 0 4.918 0 2.114
6 1.225 0.483 1.287 0.9515 0.030 1.970 0.029 1.874 2.534 0.848 0 5.078 0 2.004
7 1.134 0.419 1.182 0.9594 0.118 1.882 0.113 1.806 2.704 0.833 0.204 5.204 0.076 1.924
8 1.061 0.373 1.099 0.9650 0.185 1.815 0.179 1.751 2.847 0.820 0.388 5.306 0.136 1.864
9 1.000 0.337 1.032 0.9693 0.239 1.761 0.232 1.707 2.970 0.808 0.547 5.393 0.184 1.816
10 0.949 0.308 0.975 0.9727 0.284 1.716 0.276 1.669 3.078 0.797 0.687 5.469 0.223 1.777
11 0.905 0.285 0.927 0.9754 0.321 1.679 0.313 1.637 3.173 0.787 0.811 5.535 0.256 1.744
12 0.866 0.266 0.886 0.9776 0.354 1.646 0.346 1.610 3.258 0.778 0.922 5.594 0.283 1.717
13 0.832 0.249 0.850 0.9794 0.382 1.618 0.374 1.585 3.336 0.770 1.025 5.647 0.307 1.693
14 0.802 0.235 0.817 0.9810 0.406 1.594 0.399 1.563 3.407 0.763 1.118 5.696 0.328 1.672
15 0.775 0.223 0.789 0.9823 0.428 1.572 0.421 1.544 3.472 0.756 1.203 5.741 0.347 1.653
16 0.750 0.212 0.763 0.9835 0.448 1.552 0.440 1.526 3.532 0.750 1.282 5.782 0.363 1.637
17 0.728 0.203 0.739 0.9845 0.466 1.534 0.458 1.511 3.588 0.744 1.356 5.820 0.378 1.622
18 0.707 0.194 0.718 0.9854 0.482 1.518 0.475 1.496 3.640 0.739 1.424 5.856 0.391 1.608
19 0.688 0.187 0.698 0.9862 0.497 1.503 0.490 1.483 3.689 0.734 1.487 5.891 0.403 1.597
20 0.671 0.180 0.680 0.9869 0.510 1.490 0.504 1.470 3.735 0.729 1.549 5.921 0.415 1.585

Copyright ASTM, 100 Barr Harbor Drive, West Conshohocken, PA, 19428.
 01.Z1.4(001-088).qxd:01.Z1.4(001-088).qxd
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASQ
Copyright American Society for Quality

Table I—Sample size code letters

LETTERS
CODE

(See 9.2 and 9.3)

Special inspection levels General inspection levels

Lot or batch size

10/8/13
S-1 S-2 S-3 S-4 I II III

2 to 8 A A A A A A B

9:45 AM
9 to 15 A A A A A B C
16 to 25 A A B B B C D

Page 10
10

26 to 50 A B B C C D E
Not for Resale, 03/15/2019 05:30:56 MDT
Licensee=Harris Corp - 13 Locations/9997641102, User=bacon, steve

51 to 90 B B C C C E F
91 to 150 B B C D D F G

151 to 280 B C D E E G H
281 to 500 B C D E F H J
501 to 1200 C C E F G J K

1201 to 3200 C D E G H K L
3201 to 10000 C D F G J L M
10001 to 35000 C D F H K M N

35001 to 150000 D E G J L N P
150001 to 500000 D E G J M P Q
500001 and over D E H K N Q R

--``,,,,``,,`,`,``,`,,`,,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
 01.Z1.4(001-088).qxd:01.Z1.4(001-088).qxd
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASQ
Copyright American Society for Quality

--``,,,,``,,`,`,``,`,,`,,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`--- Table II-A—Single sampling plans for normal inspection (Master table)

(See 9.4 and 9.5)

Acceptance Quality Limits, AQLs, in Percent Nonconforming Items and Nonconformities per 100 Items (Normal Inspection)
Sample
size Sample 0.010 0.015 0.025 0.040 0.065 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.40 0.65 1.0 1.5 2.5 4.0 6.5 10 15 25 40 65 100 150 250 400 650 1000
code size
letter Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re

10/8/13
A 2 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22 30 31
B 3 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22 30 31 44 45
C 5 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22 30 31 44 45

9:45 AM
D 8 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22 30 31 44 45
E 13 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22 30 31 44 45
F 20 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22

G 32 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22

Page 11
11

H 50 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22
Not for Resale, 03/15/2019 05:30:56 MDT
Licensee=Harris Corp - 13 Locations/9997641102, User=bacon, steve

J 80 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22

K 125 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22
L 200 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22
M 315 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22

N 500 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22
P 800 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22
Q 1250 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22

R 2000 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22

= Use the first sampling plan below the arrow. If sample size equals, or exceeds, lot size, carry out 100 percent inspection.
= Use the first sampling plan above the arrow.
Ac = Acceptance number.
Re = Rejection number.
NORMAL
SINGLE
PLANS
 01.Z1.4(001-088).qxd:01.Z1.4(001-088).qxd
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASQ
Copyright American Society for Quality

PLANS
Table II-B—Single sampling plans for tightened inspection (Master table)
TIGHTENED
SINGLE

(See 9.4 and 9.5)

Acceptance Quality Limits (tightened inspection)
Sample
size Sample 0.010 0.015 0.025 0.040 0.065 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.40 0.65 1.0 1.5 2.5 4.0 6.5 10 15 25 40 65 100 150 250 400 650 1000
code size
letter Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re

10/8/13
A 2 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 18 19 27 28
B 3 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 18 19 27 28 41 42
C 5 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 18 19 27 28 41 42

9:45 AM
D 8 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 18 19 27 28 41 42
E 13 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 18 19 27 28 41 42
F 20 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 18 19

G 32 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 18 19

Page 12
12

H 50 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 18 19
Not for Resale, 03/15/2019 05:30:56 MDT
Licensee=Harris Corp - 13 Locations/9997641102, User=bacon, steve

J 80 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 18 19

K 125 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 18 19
L 200 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 18 19
M 315 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 18 19

N 500 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 18 19
P 800 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 18 19
Q 1250 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 18 19

R 2000 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 8 9 12 13 18 19

S 3150 1 2

= Use first sampling plan below arrow. If sample size equals or exceeds lot or batch size, do 100 percent inspection.
= Use first sampling plan above arrow.
Ac = Acceptance number.
Re = Rejection number.

--``,,,,``,,`,`,``,`,,`,,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
 01.Z1.4(001-088).qxd:01.Z1.4(001-088).qxd
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASQ
Copyright American Society for Quality

Table II-C—Single sampling plans for reduced inspection (Master table)

--``,,,,``,,`,`,``,`,,`,,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---

(See 9.4 and 9.5)

Acceptance Quality Limits (reduced inspection)†
Sample
size Sample 0.010 0.015 0.025 0.040 0.065 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.40 0.65 1.0 1.5 2.5 4.0 6.5 10 15 25 40 65 100 150 250 400 650 1000
code size
letter Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re

A 2 0 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22 30 31

10/8/13
B 2 0 1 0 2 1 3 2 4 3 5 5 6 7 8 10 11 14 15 21 22 30 31
C 2 0 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 3 6 5 8 7 10 10 13 14 17 21 24

D 3 0 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 3 6 5 8 7 10 10 13 14 17 21 24

9:45 AM
E 5 0 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 3 6 5 8 7 10 10 13 14 17 21 24
F 8 0 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 3 6 5 8 7 10 10 13

G 13 0 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 3 6 5 8 7 10 10 13

Page 13
H 20 0 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 3 6 5 8 7 10 10 13
13
Not for Resale, 03/15/2019 05:30:56 MDT
Licensee=Harris Corp - 13 Locations/9997641102, User=bacon, steve

J 32 0 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 3 6 5 8 7 10 10 13

K 50 0 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 3 6 5 8 7 10 10 13
L 80 0 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 3 6 5 8 7 10 10 13
M 125 0 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 3 6 5 8 7 10 10 13

N 200 0 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 3 6 5 8 7 10 10 13
P 315 0 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 3 6 5 8 7 10 10 13
Q 500 0 1 0 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 3 6 5 8 7 10 10 13

R 800 0 2 1 3 1 4 2 5 3 6 5 8 7 10 10 13

= Use first sampling plan below arrow. If sample size equals or exceeds lot or batch size, do 100 percent inspection.
= Use first sampling plan above arrow.
Ac = Acceptance number.
Re = Rejection number.
REDUCED

† = If the acceptance number has been exceeded, but the rejection number has not been reached, accept the lot, but reinstate normal inspection (see 10.1.4).
SINGLE
PLANS
 01.Z1.4(001-088).qxd:01.Z1.4(001-088).qxd
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASQ
Copyright American Society for Quality

PLANS
Table III-A—Double sampling plans for normal inspection (Master table)
NORMAL
DOUBLE
(See 9.4 and 9.5)
Acceptance Quality Limits (normal inspection)
Sample size

Sample size

sample size
Cumulative
code letter

Sample

0.010 0.015 0.025 0.040 0.065 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.40 0.65 1.0 1.5 2.5 4.0 6.5 10 15 25 40 65 100 150 250 400 650 1000

Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re Ac Re

A ✸ + + + + + + + + +
First 2 2 0 2 0 3 1 4 2 5 3 7 5 9 7 11 11 16 17 22 25 31
B Second 2 4 ✸ 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 18 19 26 27 37 38 56 57
First 3 3 0 2 0 3 1 4 2 5 3 7 5 9 7 11 11 16 17 22 25 31
C Second 3 6 ✸ 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 18 19 26 27 37 38 56 57

10/8/13
First 5 5 0 2 0 3 1 4 2 5 3 7 5 9 7 11 11 16 17 22 25 31
D Second 5 10 ✸ 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 18 19 26 27 37 38 56 57
First 8 8 0 2 0 3 1 4 2 5 3 7 5 9 7 11 11 16 17 22 25 31
E Second 8 16
✸ 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 18 19 26 27 37 38 56 57

9:45 AM
First 13 13 0 2 0 3 1 4 2 5 3 7 5 9 7 11 11 16
F Second 13 26
✸ 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 18 19 26 27
First 20 20 0 2 0 3 1 4 2 5 3 7 5 9 7 11 11 16
G Second 20 40
✸ 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 18 19 26 27
First 32 32 0 2 0 3 1 4 2 5 3 7 5 9 7 11 11 16
H ✸

Page 14
Second 32 64 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 18 19 26 27
14
Not for Resale, 03/15/2019 05:30:56 MDT
Licensee=Harris Corp - 13 Locations/9997641102, User=bacon, steve

First 50 50 0 2 0 3 1 4 2 5 3 7 5 9 7 11 11 16
J Second 50 100
✸ 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 18 19 26 27
First 80 80 0 2 0 3 1 4 2 5 3 7 5 9 7 11 11 16
K Second 80 160
✸ 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 18 19 26 27
First 125 125 0 2 0 3 1 4 2 5 3 7 5 9 7 11 11 16
L Second 125 250 ✸ 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 18 19 26 27
First 200 200 0 2 0 3 1 4 2 5 3 7 5 9 7 11 11 16
M Second 200 400 ✸ 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 18 19 26 27
First 315 315 0 2 0 3 1 4 2 5 3 7 5 9 7 11 11 16
N Second 315 630
✸ 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 18 19 26 27
First 500 500 0 2 0 3 1 4 2 5 3 7 5 9 7 11 11 16
P Second 500 1000 ✸ 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 18 19 26 27
First 800 800 0 2 0 3 1 4 2 5 3 7 5 9 7 11 11 16
Q Second 800 1600 ✸ 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 18 19 26 27
First 1250 1250 0 2 0 3 1 4 2 5 3 7 5 9 7 11 11 16
R Second 1250 2500 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 12 13 18 19 26 27

= Use first sampling plan below arrow. If sample size equals or exceeds lot or batch size, do 100 percent inspection.
= Use first sampling plan above arrow.
Ac = Acceptance number.
Re = Rejection number.
✸ = Use corresponding single sampling plan.
+ = Use corresponding single sampling plan or double sampling plan for code letter B below.

--``,,,,``,,`,`,``,`,,`,,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
 01.Z1.4(001-088).qxd:01.Z1.4(001-088).qxd
No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS
Provided by IHS Markit under license with ASQ
Copyright American Society for Quality

Table VIII—Limit Numbers for Reduced Inspection

(See 4.7.3)

Number of
Acceptance Quality Limits
sample units
from last 10
lots or batches 0.010 0.015 0.025 0.040 0.065 0.10 0.15 0.25 0.40 0.65 1.0 1.5 2.5 4.0 6.5 10 15 25 40 65 100 150 250 400 650 1000

20–29 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 2 4 8 14 22 40 68 115 181

30–49 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 1 3 7 13 22 36 63 105 178 277

10/8/13
50–79 * * * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 2 3 7 14 25 40 63 110 181 301

80–129 * * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 2 4 7 14 24 42 68 105 181 297

9:45 AM
130–199 * * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 2 4 7 13 25 42 72 115 177 301 490
200–319 * * * * * * * * * * 0 0 2 4 8 14 22 40 68 115 181 277 471

Page 29
320–499 * * * * * * * * * 0 0 1 4 8 14 24 39 68 113 189
29
Not for Resale, 03/15/2019 05:30:56 MDT
Licensee=Harris Corp - 13 Locations/9997641102, User=bacon, steve

500–799 * * * * * * * * 0 0 2 3 7 14 25 40 63 110 181

800–1249 * * * * * * * 0 0 2 4 7 14 24 42 68 105 181

1250–1999 * * * * * * 0 0 2 4 7 13 24 40 69 110 169

2000–3149 * * * * * 0 0 2 4 8 14 22 40 68 115 181
3150–4999 * * * * 0 0 1 4 8 14 24 38 67 111 186

5000–7999 * * * 0 0 2 3 7 14 25 40 63 110 181

8000–12499 * * 0 0 2 4 7 14 24 42 68 105 181
12500–19999 * 0 0 2 4 7 13 24 40 69 110 169

20000–31499 0 0 2 4 8 14 22 40 68 115 181

31500 & Over 0 1 4 8 14 24 38 67 111 186
NUMBERS

* = Denotes that the number of sample units from the last ten lots or batches is not sufficient for reduced inspection for this AQL. Is this instance, more than ten lots or batches
may be used for the calculation, provided that the lots or batches used are the most recent ones in sequence, that they have all been on normal inspection, and that none has
LIMIT

been rejected while on original inspection.

--``,,,,``,,`,`,``,`,,`,,,,,`,-`-`,,`,,`,`,,`---
 TABLA 10-6 Planes de muestreo sencillo para diversas calidades limitantes nominales (LQ)
CALIDAD LIMITANTE NOMINAL EN PORCENTAJE (LQ)

TAMAÑO DE LOTE 0.5 0.8 1.25 2.0 3.15 5.0 8.0 12.5 20 32
a
16 a 25 n S S S S S 100% 17 13 9 6
Ac 0 0 0 0 0 0
25 a 50 n S S S 100% 100% 28a 22 15 10 6
Ac 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
51 a 90 n S S 100% 50 44 34 24 16 10 8
Ac 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
91 a 150 n S 100% 90 80 55 38 26 18 13 13
Ac 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1
151 a 280 n 100% 170 130 95 65 42 28 20 20 13
Ac 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1
281 a 500 n 280 220 155 105 80 50 32 32 20 20
Ac 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 3
501 a 1,200 n 380 255 170 125 125 80 50 32 32 32
Ac 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 1 3 5
1,201 a 3,200 n 430 280 200 200 125 125 80 50 50 50
Ac 0 0 0 1 1 3 3 3 5 10
3,201 a 10,000 n 450 315 315 200 200 200 125 80 80 80
Ac 0 0 1 1 3 5 5 5 10 18
10,001 a 35,000 n 500 500 315 315 315 315 200 125 125 80
Ac 0 1 1 3 5 10 10 10 18 18
35,001 a 150,000 n 800 500 500 500 500 500 315 200 125 80
Ac 1 1 3 5 10 18 18 18 18 18
150,001 a 500,000 n 800 800 800 800 800 500 315 200 125 80
Ac 1 3 5 10 18 18 18 18 18 18
> 500,000 n 1250 1250 1250 1250 800 500 315 200 125 80
Ac 3 5 10 18 18 18 18 18 18 18
a
Cuando n es mayor que el tamaño del lote, usar 100% de inspección, con número de aceptación cero.
S LQ nominal quiere decir que hay menos de una unidad no conforme en el lote. Usar el primer plan disponible para mayor LQ.
415

Fuente: Reimpreso de ASQC Q3—1988, con autorización de la American Society for Quality.
 TABLA 10-7 Planes de muestreo sencillo para calidad límite nominal de 3.15%
PLAN DE MUESTREO VALORES TABULADOS DE CALIDAD

LETRA CLAVE
SENCILLO PRESENTADA Y ACEPTADA CON LAS
a
(INSPECCIÓN PROBABILIDADES INDICADAS (CALIDAD
TAMAÑOS DE LOTE PARA NIVELES DE INSPECCIÓN NORMAL) EN PORCENTAJE DE NO CONFORMES)

S-1 A S-3 S-4 I II III AQL n AC 95% 90% 50% 10% 5%

126b
b b
126 126 a
>125 b
>125 a 35,000 32,00 1,200 0.40 125 1 K 0.284 0.426 1.34 3.11 3.80
35,001 3,201
a a 1,201
150,000 10,000 a 3,200 0.65 200 3 L 0.663 0.873 1.84 3.34 3.88

>150,000 10,001 3,201

a a
35,000 10,000 0.65 315 5 M 0.829 1.00 1.80 2.94 3.34

>35,000 >10,000 1.00 500 10 N 1.231 1.40 2.13 3.08 3.39

a
Probabilidad calculada con la aproximación de Poisson.
b
Para menos de 126 en el lote, inspeccionar 100% el lote.
Fuente: Reimpreso de ASQC Q3—1988, con autorización de la American Society for Quality.
417
 TABLA 10-8 Tabla de Dodge-Romig para muestreo sencillo de inspección de lote, basada en la calidad límitea LQ ⫽ 1.0%
PROMEDIO DEL PROCESO (%)
0–0.010 0.011–0.10 0.11–0.20 0.21–0.30 0.31–0.40 0.41–0.50
TAMAÑO AOQL AOQL AOQL AOQL AOQL AOQL
DE LOTE n c (%) n c (%) n c (%) n c (%) n c (%) n c (%)
1–120 Todas 0 0 Todas 0 0 Todas 0 0 Todas 0 0 Todas 0 0 Todas 0 0
121–150 120 0 0.06 120 0 0.06 120 0 0.06 120 0 0.06 120 0 0.06 120 0 0.06
151–200 140 0 0.08 140 0 0.08 140 0 0.08 140 0 0.08 140 0 0.08 140 0 0.08
201–300 165 0 0.10 165 0 0.10 165 0 0.10 165 0 0.10 165 0 0.10 165 0 0.10
301–400 175 0 0.12 175 0 0.12 175 0 0.12 175 0 0.12 175 0 0.12 175 0 0.12
401–500 180 0 0.13 180 0 0.13 180 0 0.13 180 0 0.13 180 0 0.13 180 0 0.13
501–600 190 0 0.13 190 0 0.13 190 0 0.13 190 0 0.13 190 0 0.13 305 1 0.14
601–800 200 0 0.14 200 0 0.14 200 0 0.14 330 1 0.15 330 1 0.15 330 1 0.15
801–1,000 205 0 0.14 205 0 0.14 205 0 0.14 335 1 0.17 335 1 0.17 335 1 0.17
1,001–2,000 220 0 0.15 220 0 0.15 360 1 0.19 490 2 0.21 490 2 0.21 610 3 0.22
2,001–3,000 220 0 0.15 375 1 0.20 505 2 0.23 630 3 0.24 745 4 0.26 870 5 0.26
3,001–4,000 225 0 0.15 380 1 0.20 510 2 0.24 645 3 0.25 880 5 0.28 1,000 6 0.29
4,001–5,000 225 0 0.16 380 1 0.20 520 2 0.24 770 4 0.28 895 5 0.29 1,120 7 0.31
5,001–7,000 230 0 0.16 385 1 0.21 655 3 0.27 780 4 0.29 1,020 6 0.32 1,260 8 0.34
7,001–10,000 230 0 0.16 520 2 0.25 660 3 0.28 910 5 0.32 1,150 7 0.34 1,500 10 0.37
10,001–20,000 390 1 0.21 525 2 0.26 785 4 0.31 1,040 6 0.35 1,400 9 0.39 1,980 14 0.43
20,001–50,000 390 1 0.21 530 2 0.26 920 5 0.34 1,300 8 0.39 1,890 13 0.44 2,570 19 0.48
50,001–100,000 390 1 0.21 670 3 0.29 1,040 6 0.36 1,420 9 0.41 2,120 15 0.47 3,150 23 0.50

n ⫽ tamaño de la muestra (“todas” indica que se debe inspeccionar cada pieza del lote); c ⫽ número de aceptación; AOQL ⫽ límite de calidad aceptable a la salida.
a

Fuente: Reimpreso de ASQC Q3—1988, con autorización de la American Society for Quality.
419
 TABLA 10-9 Tabla de Dodge-Romig para muestreo sencillo de inspección de lote, basada en el límite de calidad promedio
a la salidaa AOQL ⫽ 3.0%
PROMEDIO DEL PROCESO (%)
0–0.06 0.07–0.60 0.61–1.20 1.21–1.80 1.81–2.40 2.41–3.00
LQ LQ LQ LQ LQ LQ
TAMAÑO DE LOTE n c (%) n c (%) n c (%) n c (%) n c (%) n c (%)
1–10 Todas 0 — Todas 0 — Todas 0 — Todas 0 — Todas 0 — Todas 0 —
11–50 10 0 19.0 10 0 19.0 10 0 19.0 10 0 19.0 10 0 19.0 10 0 19.0
51–100 11 0 18.0 11 0 18.0 11 0 18.0 11 0 18.0 11 0 18.0 22 1 16.4
101–200 12 0 17.0 12 0 17.0 12 0 17.0 25 1 15.1 25 1 15.1 25 1 15.1
201–300 12 0 17.0 12 0 17.0 26 1 14.6 26 1 14.6 26 1 14.6 40 2 12.8
301–400 12 0 17.1 12 0 17.1 26 1 14.7 26 1 14.7 41 2 12.7 41 2 12.7
401–500 12 0 17.2 27 1 14.1 27 1 14.1 42 2 12.4 42 2 12.4 42 2 12.4
501–600 12 0 17.3 27 1 14.2 27 1 14.2 42 2 12.4 42 2 12.4 60 3 10.8
601–800 12 0 17.3 27 1 14.2 27 1 14.2 43 2 12.1 60 3 10.9 60 3 10.9
801–1,000 12 0 17.4 27 1 14.2 44 2 11.8 44 2 11.8 60 3 11.0 80 4 9.8
1,001–2,000 12 0 17.5 28 1 13.8 45 2 11.7 65 3 10.2 80 4 9.8 100 5 9.1
2,001–3,000 12 0 17.5 28 1 13.8 45 2 11.7 65 3 10.2 100 5 9.1 140 7 8.2
3,001–4,000 12 0 17.5 28 1 13.8 65 3 10.3 85 4 9.5 125 6 8.4 165 8 7.8
4,001–5,000 28 1 13.8 28 1 13.8 65 3 10.3 85 4 9.5 125 6 8.4 210 10 7.4
5,001–7,000 28 1 13.8 45 2 11.8 65 3 10.3 105 5 8.8 145 7 8.1 235 11 7.1
7,001–10,000 28 1 13.9 46 2 11.6 65 3 10.3 105 5 8.8 170 8 7.6 280 13 6.8
10,001–20,000 28 1 13.9 46 2 11.7 85 4 9.5 125 6 8.4 215 10 7.2 380 17 6.2
20,001–50,000 28 1 13.9 65 3 10.3 105 5 8.8 170 8 7.6 310 14 6.5 560 24 5.7
50,001–100,000 28 1 13.9 65 3 10.3 125 6 8.4 215 10 7.2 385 17 6.2 690 29 5.4
a
n ⫽ tamaño de la muestra (“todas” indica que se debe inspeccionar cada pieza del lote); c ⫽ número de aceptación para la muestra; LQ ⫽ límite de calidad
correspondiente a un riesgo del consumidor (␤) = 0.10.
Fuente: Reimpreso de ASQC Q3—1988, con autorización de la American Society for Quality.
421
430

TABLA 10-11 Valores de i para planes CSP-1

AOQL (%)
f 0.018 0.033 0.046 0.074 0.113 0.143 0.198 0.33 0.53 0.79 1.22 1.90 2.90 4.94 7.12 11.46
1
2 1,540 840 600 375 245 194 140 84 53 36 23 15 10 6 5 3
1
3 2,550 1,390 1,000 620 405 321 232 140 87 59 38 25 16 10 7 5
1
4 3,340 1,820 1,310 810 530 420 303 182 113 76 49 32 21 13 9 6
1
5 3,960 2,160 1,550 965 630 498 360 217 135 91 58 38 25 15 11 7
1
7 4,950 2,700 1,940 1,205 790 623 450 270 168 113 73 47 31 18 13 8
1
10 6,050 3,300 2,370 1,470 965 762 550 335 207 138 89 57 38 22 16 10
1
15 7,390 4,030 2,890 1,800 1,180 930 672 410 255 170 108 70 46 27 19 12
1
25 9,110 4,970 3,570 2,215 1,450 1,147 828 500 315 210 134 86 57 33 23 14
1
50 11,730 6,400 4,590 2,855 1,870 1,477 1,067 640 400 270 175 110 72 42 29 18
1
100 14,320 7,810 5,600 3,485 2,305 1,820 1,302 790 500 330 215 135 89 52 36 22
1
200 17,420 9,500 6,810 4,235 2,760 2,178 1,583 950 590 400 255 165 106 62 43 26

Fuente: Reimpreso de ANSI/ASQ S1-1996, con autorización de la American Society for Quality.
432

TABLA 10-12 Tamaño de muestra acumulado mínimo para iniciar la inspección por salto de lote–Tabla I de ANSI/ASQ S1
NO CONFORMIDADES O AQL (PORCENTAJE DE NO CONFORMES O DE NO CONFORMIDADES POR 100 UNIDADES)
ARTÍCULOS NO CONFORMES 0.1 0.15 0.25 0.40 0.65 1.0 1.5 2.5 4.0 6.5 10.0 15.0 25.0
0 2600 1740 1040 650 400 260 174 104 65 40 26 17 10
1 4250 2840 1700 1070 654 425 284 170 107 65 43 28 17
2 5740 3830 2300 1440 883 574 383 230 144 88 57 38 23
3 7140 4760 2860 1790 1098 714 476 286 179 110 71 48 29
4 8490 5660 3400 2120 1306 849 566 340 212 131 85 57 34
5 9800 6530 3920 2450 1508 980 653 392 245 151 98 65 39
6 11090 7390 4440 2770 1706 1109 739 444 277 171 111 74 44
7 12360 8240 4940 3090 1902 1236 824 494 309 190 124 82 49
8 13610 9070 5440 3400 2094 1361 907 544 340 209 136 91 54
9 14850 9900 5940 3710 2285 1485 990 594 371 229 149 99 59
10 16080 10720 6430 4020 2474 1608 1072 643 402 247 161 107 64
11 17290 11530 6920 4320 2660 1729 1153 692 432 266 173 115 69
12 18500 12330 7400 4630 2846 1850 1233 740 463 285 185 123 74
13 19700 13130 7880 4930 3031 1970 1313 788 493 303 197 131 79
14 20890 13930 8360 5220 3214 2089 1393 836 522 321 209 139 84
15 22080 14720 8830 5520 3397 2208 1472 883 552 340 221 147 88
16 23260 15500 9300 5820 3578 2326 1550 930 582 358 233 155 93
17 24430 16290 9770 6110 3758 2443 1629 977 611 376 244 163 98
18 25600 17070 10240 6400 3938 2560 1707 1024 640 394 256 171 102
19 26760 17840 10700 6690 4117 2676 1784 1070 669 412 268 178 107
20 27930 18620 11170 6980 4297 2793 1862 1117 698 430 279 186 112

Cada adicional 1170 780 470 290 180 117 78 47 29 18 12 8 5

Fuente: Reimpreso de ANSI/ASQ S1—1996, con autorización de la American Society for Quality.
 TABLA 10-13 Números de aceptación para iniciar o continuar la inspección por salto de lote (criterio de lote individual)
Tabla II de ANSI/ASQ.S1
TAMAÑO AQL (PORCENTAJE DE NO CONFORMES O NO CONFORMIDADES POR 100 UNIDADES)
DE MUESTRA 0.1 0.15 0.25 0.4 0.65 1.0 1.5 2.5 4.0 6.5 10.0 15.0 25.0
2 – – – – – – – – – 0 – 0 1
3 – – – – – – – – 0 – 0 1 1
5 – – – – – – – 0 – 0 1 1 2
8 – – – – – – 0 – 0 1 1 2 3
13 – – – – – 0 – 0 1 1 2 3 5
20 – – – – 0 – 0 1 1 2 3 5 7
32 – – – 0 – 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 11
50 – – 0 – 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 11 17
80 – 0 – 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 11 17 –
125 0 – 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 11 17 – –
200 – 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 11 17 – – –
315 0 1 1 2 3 5 7 11 17 – – – –
500 1 1 2 3 5 7 11 17 – – – – –
800 1 2 3 5 7 11 17 – – – – – –
1250 2 3 5 7 11 17 – – – – – – –
2000 3 5 7 11 17 – – – – – – – –
433
 Diversas distribuciones

FIGURA 10-15 Once tipos típicos de gráficas de lote. [Reproducido con autorización de Dorian Shainin,
“The Hamilton Standard Lot Plot Method,” Industrial Quality Control, Vol. 7, Núm. 1, julio de 1950, p. 17.]

o clasificado; los tipos 7 y 10 ilustran la condición bimodal, y el tipo 11 es para

valores en clave. El problema de ejemplo, indicado en la figura 10-15, ilustra la
gráfica de lote de tipo 5, y se aceptaría. Se especifican técnicas especiales para ana-
lizar las gráficas no normales de lote.

448 CAPÍTULO 10
452

TABLA 10-20 Tabla maestra para inspección normal y estrecha, en planes basados en variabilidad desconocida, método
de desviación estándar (límite de especificación doble y forma 2, límite de especificación sencillo)—
Tabla B-3 de ANSI/ASQ Z1.9
LETRA
LÍMITE DE CALIDAD DE ACEPTACIÓN (INSPECCIÓN NORMAL)
CLAVE DE TAMAÑO
TAMAÑO DE T .10 .15 .25 .40 .65 1.00 1.50 2.50 4.00 6.50 10.00
DE MUESTRA MUESTRA M M M M M M M M M M M M

B 3 7.59 18.86 26.94 33.69

C 4 1.49 5.46 10.88 16.41 22.84 29.43
D 5 0.041 1.34 3.33 5.82 9.80 14.37 20.19 26.55
E 7 0.005 0.087 0.421 1.05 2.13 3.54 5.34 8.40 12.19 17.34 23.30
F 10 0.077 0.179 0.349 0.714 1.27 2.14 3.27 4.72 7.26 10.53 15.17 20.73
G 15 0.186 0.311 0.491 0.839 1.33 2.09 3.06 4.32 6.55 9.48 13.74 18.97
H 20 0.228 0.356 0.531 0.864 1.33 2.03 2.93 4.10 6.18 8.95 13.01 18.07
I 25 0.250 0.378 0.551 0.874 1.32 2.00 2.86 3.97 5.98 8.65 12.60 17.55
J 35 0.253 0.373 0.534 0.833 1.24 1.87 2.66 3.70 5.58 8.11 11.89 16.67
K 50 0.243 0.355 0.503 0.778 1.16 1.73 2.47 3.44 5.21 7.61 11.23 15.87
L 75 0.225 0.326 0.461 0.711 1.06 1.59 2.27 3.17 4.83 7.10 10.58 15.07
M 100 0.218 0.315 0.444 0.684 1.02 1.52 2.18 3.06 4.67 6.88 10.29 14.71
N 150 0.202 0.292 0.412 0.636 0.946 1.42 2.05 2.88 4.42 6.56 9.86 14.18
P 200 0.204 0.294 0.414 0.637 0.945 1.42 2.04 2.86 4.39 6.52 9.80 14.11
.10 .15 .25 .40 .65 1.00 1.50 2.50 4.00 6.50 10.00
Límites de calidad de aceptación (inspección estrecha)
Todos los valores de AQL son porcentaje de no conformes. T indica que el plan se usa exclusivamente con inspección estrecha, y es el símbolo para identificar la curva
característica de operación adecuada. Usar el primer plan de muestreo abajo de la flecha; esto es, tanto el tamaño de muestra como el valor de M. Cuando el tamaño de
la muestra es igual o mayor que el tamaño del lote, se debe inspeccionar cada artículo del lote.
Fuente: Reimpreso de ANSI/ASQ Z1.9—2003, con autorización de la American Society for Quality.
TABLA 10-21 Tabla para estimar el porcentaje de no conformes en el lote (pL o pU) usando el método
de desviación estándar. (Valores en por ciento) (Tabla B-5 de ANSI/ASQ Z1.9a)
TAMAÑO DE MUESTRA
QU
O QL 5 10 20 30 40 50 100 200
0 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
0.10 46.44 46.16 46.08 46.05 46.04 46.04 46.03 46.02
0.20 42.90 42.35 42.19 42.15 42.13 42.11 42.09 42.08
0.30 39.37 38.60 38.37 38.31 38.28 38.27 38.24 38.22
0.40 35.88 34.93 34.65 34.58 34.54 34.53 34.49 34.47
0.50 32.44 31.37 31.06 30.98 30.95 30.93 30.89 30.87
0.60 29.05 27.94 27.63 27.55 27.52 27.50 27.46 27.44
0.70 25.74 24.67 24.38 24.31 24.28 24.26 24.23 24.21
0.80 22.51 21.57 21.33 21.27 21.25 21.23 21.21 21.20
0.90 19.38 18.67 18.50 18.46 18.44 18.43 18.42 18.41
1.00 16.36 15.97 15.89 15.88 15.87 15.87 15.87 15.87
1.10 13.48 13.50 13.52 13.53 13.54 13.54 13.55 13.56
1.20 10.76 11.24 11.38 11.42 11.44 11.46 11.48 11.49
1.30 8.21 9.22 9.48 9.55 9.58 9.60 9.64 9.66
1.40 5.88 7.44 7.80 7.90 7.94 7.97 8.02 8.05
1.50 3.80 5.87 6.34 6.46 6.52 6.55 6.62 6.65
1.60 2.03 4.54 5.09 5.23 5.30 5.33 5.41 5.44
1.70 0.66 3.41 4.02 4.18 4.25 4.30 4.38 4.42
1.80 0.00 2.49 3.13 3.30 3.38 3.43 3.51 3.55
1.90 0.00 1.75 2.40 2.57 2.65 2.70 2.79 2.83
2.00 0.00 1.17 1.81 1.98 2.06 2.10 2.19 2.23
2.10 0.00 0.74 1.34 1.50 1.58 1.62 1.71 1.75
2.20 0.00 0.437 0.968 1.120 1.192 1.233 1.314 1.352
2.30 0.00 0.233 0.685 0.823 0.888 0.927 1.001 1.037
2.40 0.00 0.109 0.473 0.594 0.653 0.687 0.755 0.787
2.50 0.00 0.041 0.317 0.421 0.473 0.503 0.563 0.592
2.60 0.00 0.011 0.207 0.293 0.337 0.363 0.415 0.441
2.70 0.00 0.001 0.130 0.200 0.236 0.258 0.302 0.325
2.80 0.00 0.000 0.079 0.133 0.162 0.181 0.218 0.237
2.90 0.00 0.000 0.046 0.087 0.110 0.125 0.155 0.171
3.00 0.00 0.000 0.025 0.055 0.073 0.084 0.109 0.122
a
La tabla B-5 de ANSI/ASQ Z1.9 contiene más tamaños de muestra, y unas 10 veces más valores de Qu o QL.
Fuente: Reimpreso de ANSI/ASQ Z1.0—2003, con autorización de la American Society for Quality.

El problema de ejemplo implicó una especificación menor. Si la especificación

sencilla hubiera implicado una especificación superior, U, el método hubiera sido el
mismo, pero QU se habría calculado con la fórmula:
U - X
QU =
s
SISTEMAS DE MUESTREO DE ACEPTACIÓN 453