globalization

An Introduction
 globalization
It helps in the interconnection and congestion of global
relations. It is seen as a key to progress, development, and
integration.

In the same vein as colonialism as well as regression and

destabilization for the reason that it contributes to
environmental degradation, the furtherance of capitalism,
and the increase in debt.
2
globalization
is an important change as it is what we
refer to as the “global age.”

3
globalization
is the process of world shrinkage, of distances
getting shorter, things moving closer. It pertains
to the increasing ease with which somebody on
one side of the world can interact, to mutual
benefit with somebody on the other side of the
world. (Thomas Larsson)
4
globalization
is the intensification of worldwide social
relations which link distant localities in such a
way that are shaped by events occurring many
miles and away. (Giddens)

5
globalization
is composed of multiple sameness and
interconnectedness that go beyond nation states
where individuals and organizations in one part
of the world is affected by the activities, affairs,
and convictions on another part of the globe.
(Mcgrew)
6
globalization
is a unifying force.

7
 PERSPECTIVES IN DEFINING
GLOBALIZATION

1 2 3

The perspective of
the person who Globalization is Globalization
defines the debate and is a reality.
globalization the debate is
shapes its globalization.
definition.
Overall, globalization is concept that is not easy to define because in reality,
globalization has a shifting nature.

8
globalization
is a set of social processes that appear to
transform our present social condition of
weakening nationality into one globality.
(Manfred Steger)

9
Globalization as a process
relates to changes in technology as well as in many
aspects of human existence ranging from cultural,
economic, and political systems that have brought a
multi-dimensional set of social processes that
escalate deepening connections, worldwide
interdependence and social exchanges among people
from different parts of the world.
10
Globalization as a condition
is about the creation of linkages between people
located at different corners of the planet
characterized by cultural, economic, and political
interconnections and global flows, which make any
kind of barrier (be it political or economic)
insignificant.

11
Globalization as an ideology
explains that globalization exists in people’s minds
because of a set of coherent and complementary ideas
and beliefs about the global order as defined by six (6)
core claims:

12
○ Globalization is about the liberalization and global
integration of markets;
○ Globalization is inevitable and irreversible;
○ Nobody is in-charge of globalization;
○ Globalization benefits everyone (in the long run);
○ Globalization furthers the spread of democracy in the world;
and
○ Globalization requires a global war on terror.
13
Dimensions of
globalization
(Manfred Steger)
1. ECONOMIC.
The economic dimension of globalization
explores how the way people have undertaken
economic production has changed.
15
2. POLITICAL.
The political dimension of globalization looks
at political arrangements beyond the nation-
state.
16
3. CULTURAL.
The cultural dimension of globalization
explores the intensification and expansion of
cultural flows across the globe.
17
4. ECOLOGICAL.
The ecological dimension of globalization
examines the effects of global alliances on
ecological issues. There is an inexorable link
between all humanity and the planet Earth.
18
Advantages of
globalization
1. Peaceful Relations - Most of the countries have resorted
to trade relations with each other in order to boost their
economy, leaving behind any bitter past experiences if
any.
2. Employment - Considered as one of the most crucial
advantages, globalization has led to the generation of
numerous employment opportunities

20
3. Education - A very critical advantage that has aided the
population is the spread of education. With numerous
educational institutions around the globe, one can move out
from the home country for better opportunities elsewhere.

4. Product Quality - The product quality has been enhanced

so as to retain the customers. Today the customers may
compromise with the price range but not with the quality of
the product. Low or poor quality can adversely affect
consumer satisfaction.
21
5. Cheaper Prices - Globalization has brought in fierce
competition in the markets.

6. Communication - Every single information is easily

accessible from almost every corner of the world Circulation
of information is no longer a tedious task, and can happen in
seconds. The Internet has significantly affected the global
economy, thereby providing direct access to information and
products.
22
7. Transportation - Considered as the wheel of every
business organization, connectivity to various parts of the
world is no more a serious problem. Today with various
modes of transportation available, one can conveniently
deliver the products to a customer located at any part of the
world.

8. GDP Increase - Gross Domestic Product, commonly known

as GDP, is the money value of the final goods and services
produced within the domestic territory of the country during
an accounting year. 23
9. Free Trade - Free trade is a policy in which a country does
not levy taxes, duties, subsidies or quota on the
import/export of goods or services from other countries.
There are countries which have resolved to free trade in
specific regions. This allows consumers to buy goods and
services, comparatively at a lower cost.

10. Travel and Tourism - Globalization has promoted

tourism to great heights. International trade among different
countries also helps in increasing the number of tourists that
visit different places around the
24
world.
11. External Borrowing - With the help of globalization,
there is opportunity for corporate, national, and sub-national
borrowers to have better access to external finance, with
facilities such as external commercial borrowing and
syndicated loans.

25
Disadvantages of
globalization
1. Health Issues. Globalization has given rise to more
health risks and presents new threats and challenges for
epidemics. The dawn of HIV/AIDS. Having its origin in the
wilderness of Africa, the virus has spread like wildfire
throughout the globe in no time. Food items are also
transported to various countries, and this is a matter of
concern, especially in case of perishable items.

27
2. Loss of Culture. With large number of people moving into
and out of a country, the culture takes a backseat. People may
adapt to the culture of the resident country. They tend to
follow the foreign culture more, forgetting their own roots.
This can give rise to cultural conflicts.

28
3. Uneven Wealth Distribution. It is said that the rich are
getting richer while the poor are getting poorer. In the real
sense, globalization has not been able to reduce poverty.

4. Environment Degradation. The industrial revolution has

changed the outlook of the economy. Industries are using
natural resources by means of mining, drilling, etc. which
puts a burden on the environment.

29
5. Disparity. Though globalization has opened new avenues
like wider markets and employment, there still exists a
disparity in the development of the economies. Structural
unemployment owes to the disparity created. Developed
countries are moving their factories to foreign countries
where labor is cheaply available.

30
6. Conflicts. It has given rise to terrorism and other forms of
violence. Such acts not only cause loss of human life but also
huge economic losses.

7. Cut-throat Competition. Opening the doors of

international trade has given birth to intense competition.
This has affected the local markets dramatically. The local
players thereby suffer huge losses as they lack the potential
to advertise or export their products on a large scale.
Therefore, the domestic markets shrink.
31
globalization
refers almost exclusively to the effects of trade,
particularly trade liberalization or “free trade.”

32
globalization
is the formation of a global village.

33
economic
globalization.

34
globalization
globality
globalism
Manfred Steger
globalization process
globality future social condition
globalism widespread belief
Manfred Steger
 PERSPECTIVES IN DEFINING
GLOBALIZATION

1 2 3

MARKET JUSTICE GLOBALISM, RELIGIOUS

GLOBALISM, or
or that which envisages GLOBALISM, or
that which promises
a global civil society that which strives
a consumerist,
neoliberal, free- with fairer relationships global religious
market world. and environmental community with
safeguards. superiority over
secular structures.

37
Characteristics of
globalization
(Cox, 1999)
○ Internationalizing of production
○ Globalizing of finance and securities trading
○ Changing international division of labor
○ Vast migratory movements from South to North
○ Competitive environment that accelerates these processes
○ Internationalizing of the state, making states into
agencies of the globalizing world

39
 Kinds of
globalization
According to Its Integration
(Arjun Appadurai)
1. ETHNOSCAPE.
This refers to the global movement
of people.

41
2. MEDIASCAPE.
This is about the flow of culture.

42
3. TECHNOSCAPE.
This refers to the circulation of
mechanical goods and software.

43
4. FINANCESCAPE.
This denotes the global circulation
of money.

44
5. IDEOSCAPE.
This is the global flow of ideology.

45
A glimpse of the 9/11
terrorist attacks
#NeverForget911