WATER POLLUTION

PREPARED BY: GROUP B

1. DIPENDRA KUMAR KUSHAWAHA
2. DIPESH KUMAR SANTA
3. HARMATA ADHIKARI
4. HELEN RAI
5. JAGAT SHAHI
6. KAUSHSAL KISHOR YADAV
7. KHAZIZA KHATUN
 CONTENTS:

1. Definition of water pollution

2. Causes of water pollution and different types of pollutants.
 Physical
 Chemical
 Biological
3. Prevention of water pollution
4. Name types of disease
 Water borne
5. Arsenic water pollution in Nepal
2
WATER:
 Water is a transparent, tasteless, odorless, and nearly colorless chemical
substance that is the main constituent of Earth's streams, lakes, and
oceans.

3
 WATER POLLUTION:

 Water pollution is the addition of substances or energy forms that alter

the water in a negative way.
 That substances may include chemicals, trash, microorganisms,
radioactivity, or heat.
 Water pollution affects the uses of water for human and environments.

4
 5

Fig :how water is polluted.

CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION:
1. Industrial discharges:
 Industries often release harmful chemicals, toxins, and pollutants into nearby
water bodies.
 These pollutants can include heavy metals, solvents, oils, and acids, which can
contaminate the water and have adverse effects on aquatic life and human
health.
2. Agricultural Runoff:
 Agricultural practices such as excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides, and
herbicides can result in runoff into nearby rivers and streams. 6
CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION:

3. Construction Activities:
 Construction sites can generate sediment runoff and introduce chemicals
and pollutants into nearby water bodies.
 Sediments can smother aquatic habitats and impair the health of aquatic
organisms.
4. Urban Stormwater Runoff:
 Urban areas with impervious surfaces like roads and parking lots can cause
stormwater runoff, carrying pollutants such as oils, metals, and chemicals
from the streets into water bodies. This runoff can degrade water quality 7

and harm aquatic ecosystems.

CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION:
5. Atmospheric Deposition:
 Air pollution can contribute to water pollution through atmospheric
deposition.
 Pollutants such as mercury and acidic compounds can be transported through
the air and deposited into water bodies through rainfall, resulting in
contamination.
6. Improper Waste Disposal:
 Improper disposal of waste, including plastics, chemicals, and household
waste, can find their way into rivers, lakes, and oceans.
 Plastics are a major concern as they do not readily break down and can harm8

marine organisms and ecosystems.

CAUSES OF WATER POLLUTION:

7. Natural Causes:
 Natural events such as volcanic eruptions, algal blooms, and soil erosion can
also contribute to water pollution.
 While these events are part of the natural cycle, human activities can
exacerbate their impacts.

9
POLLUTANT:

 Pollutants are substances or conditions that contaminate air, water, or

soil.
 Pollutants can be artificial substances such as pesticides and PCBs or
naturally occurring substances such as oil or carbon dioxide that occur in
harmful concentrations in a given environment.

10
TYPES OF POLLUTANTS:

Physical

Chemical

Biological

11
PHYSICAL POLLUTANTS:

 Physical pollutants are the substances that contaminate water and are
not naturally fount in those environments.
 Examples of physical pollutants include plastics, metals and glass.

12
 13

Fig: physical pollutants:

CHEMICAL POLLUTANTS:

 Chemical pollutants are substances that contaminate water and are not
naturally found in those environments.
 Examples of chemical pollutants include nitrogen, bleach, salts, pesticides,
metals, toxins produced by bacteria , and human or animal drugs.

14
15
BIOLOGICAL POLLUTANTS:

 Biological pollutants are substances in our environment that come from

living organisms and can affect our health.
 They include things such as pollen from trees and plants, insects or insect
parts, certain fungi ,some bacteria and viruses, and even animal hair,
animal skin scales, saliva, and urine.

16
PREVENTION OF WATER POLLUTION:

1. To address and prevent water pollution, various primary and secondary

measures can be implemented. Here are some examples:
a) Primary prevention
b) Secondary prevention

17
PRIMARY PREVENTION:
 This involves preventing pollutants from entering water bodies in the
first place.
 It includes measures such as proper waste management, controlling
industrial discharges, and reducing or eliminating the use of harmful
chemicals.
 Establishing effective sewage treatment systems helps remove pollutants
and contaminants from domestic wastewater before it is discharged into
water bodies.
18
SECONDARY PREVENTION

 Regular monitoring and testing of water bodies can help identify

pollution sources and assess the quality of the water.
 In cases where water bodies are already polluted, restoration and
remediation efforts are crucial.

19
WATER BORNE DISEASE:

 Waterborne diseases are caused by the ingestion of contaminated water.

 These diseases occur when water sources, such as lakes, rivers, or
groundwater, become contaminated with pathogens or harmful
substances.
 Here are some common examples of waterborne diseases:

20
WATER BORNE DISEASE:

1. Cholera
2. Typhoid fever
3. Hepatitis A
4. Giardiasis
5. E coli infections

21
ARSENIC WATER POLLUTION IN NEPAL.

 Arsenic water poisoning is a significant health concern in certain regions

of Nepal, particularly in the Terai plains and the middle hills.
 Arsenic contamination in groundwater has been identified as a
widespread issue, leading to long-term exposure and potential health
risks for the population.
 The Terai region and parts of the middle hills in Nepal are particularly
affected by arsenic contamination. The affected districts include
Nawalparasi, Rupandehi, Kapilvastu, Sarlahi, and Chitwan, among others.
22
ARSENIC WATER POLLUTION IN NEPAL.

 Arsenic is a potent human carcinogen and can cause various health

effects, including:
1. Skin Lesions
2. Internal Cancers
3. Cardiovascular and Respiratory Effects: hypertension, atherosclerosis etc
4. Neurological disorders, cognitive impairments and developmental delays in
children.
23
ANY
QUESTIONS ?
24
25