RO PLANT

Reverse Osmosis Plants/RO Plants

Reverse osmosis is the process of forcing a solvent from a region of high solute
concentration through a membrane to a region of low solute concentration by
applying a pressure in excess of the osmotic pressure. This is the reverse of the
normal osmosis process, which is the natural movement of solvent from an area of
low solute concentration, through a membrane, to an area of high solute
concentration when no external pressure is applied. The membrane here is
semipermeable, meaning it allows the passage of solvent but not of solute.

To illustrate, imagine a semi permeable membrane with fresh water on one side and
a concentrated aqueous solution on the other side. If normal osmosis takes place,
the fresh water will cross the membrane to dilute the concentrated solution. In
reverse osmosis, pressure is exerted on the side with the concentrated solution to
force the water molecules across the membrane to the fresh water side.

The membranes used for reverse osmosis systems have a dense polymer barrier
layer in which separation takes place. Since Reverse Osmosis does not occur
naturally, it must be created by applying pressure to the high solids water in order to
force it through the membrane, with pressures from 8 - 14 bar for fresh and brackish
water, and 40 - 70 bar for seawater, which has around 24 bar (350 psi) natural
osmotic pressure which must be overcome.

Design Considerations for RO Plant

Fluid Systems RO Plants work on the Crossflow Filtration method, which takes the
feed water and uses a percentage of it as a wash or reject stream, removing the
solids during the filtration process.

The product flow of an RO Plant is mainly a function of temperature and pressure.

System recovery (product divided by feed) is limited by the characteristics of the feed
water and can be controlled through the use of recycle stream. Product quality is
based on a percentage of dissolved solids fed to the membrane. There should be an
economic balance between product quality and system recovery. High recoveries
increase concentration of dissolved solids in the system which degrades quality, but
high recoveries make the system work more efficiently and decrease waste.

Reverse Osmosis Plants do not deliver to service all of the water that is fed to them.
During operation, some of the incoming water is used to wash down the membrane,
and only part becomes finished product water. Purified water is referred to as
product and wastewater is referred to as concentrate, or reject. The percent of water
delivered as product is called the recovery, and depends upon the membrane and on
total RO Plant design considerations.

Pretreatment – Reverse Osmosis Plants

The feed water, depending on its source, may contain various concentrations of
suspended solids and dissolved matter. Suspended solids may consist of inorganic
particles, colloidal particles and biological impurities such as microorganisms and
algae. Dissolved matter may consist of highly soluble salts, such as chlorides, and
sparingly soluble salts, such as carbonates, sulfates, and silica.

During the Reverse Osmosis process, the volume of feed water decreases, and the
concentration of suspended particles and dissolved ions increases. Suspended
particles may settle on the membrane surface, thus blocking feed channels and
increasing pressure drop across the system. Sparingly soluble salts may precipitate
from the concentrate stream, create scale on the membrane surface, and result in
lower water permeability through the RO membranes. This process of formation of a
deposited layer on a membrane surface is called membrane fouling and results in
performance decline of the RO system. The objective of the feed water pretreatment
process is to improve the quality of the feed water to the level which would result in
reliable operation of the RO membranes. Based on the raw water quality, the
pretreatment process for RO Plants may consist of all or some of the following
treatment steps:

 Clarification followed by Sand Filtration for Turbidity removal

 Water disinfection with chlorine
 Hardness reduction by Softening
 Addition of scale inhibitor
 Reduction of free chlorine using sodium bisulfite/ Activated carbon filters
 Final removal of suspended particles using cartridge filters

We Offer a wide range of Reverse Osmosis Plants [RO Plants]

Industrial Reverse Osmosis Plants/ Industrial

RO Systems
We manufacture a wide Range of industrial Reverse Osmosis Plants to cater the
stringent process requirements. Our industrial reverse osmosis Plants are carefully
customized and configured to suit the individual requirement of the output water,
which varies from normal drinking application to the specific usage, such as food
Processing, pharmaceuticals and boiler feeding requirement.

These systems come standard with pre-filters, chemical dosing and Antiscalant
dosing. Customization is available on all our units based on individual water
application and customer needs.

 4" & 8" TFC spiral wound membranes

 FRP membrane housings
 Epoxy painted steel frame
 SS High Pressure Piping
 Stainless steel High Pressure Multi-stage pumps
 20 & 5 micron cartridge filter
 Low & High pressure switches
 Glycerin filled pressure gauges
  Permeate & concentrate flow meters
 PLC/Microprocessor based Controllers
 Outlet Conductivity meter

These Industrial RO Systems are available in the Flow Ranges from 1 M3/Hr
Product Water Capacity and above. Standard Ranges are available in Multiples of 1
M3/Hr up to 10 M3/Hr.

Higher flow Rates from 10 M3/Hr to 100 M3/Hr and above are custom-built as per
Customers requirement with extensive pre-filtration units to suit the most aggressive
waters.

Commercial RO Systems / Institutional RO Systems

One of our most popular series, the Commercial RO usually comes in standard
Models. These Commercial RO Systems can be customized to add Multimedia
Filters & Activated carbon Filters, Water softeners, Antiscalant Dosing Systems, and
UV sterilizers.

These systems are used to purify water and remove salts and other impurities. It is
also capable of rejecting bacteria The Main features of these RO Plants are

 Powder coated frame

 20 & 5 micron sediment pre-filter
 Stainless Steel Multistage High pressure pump
 FRP pressure vessel
 Product and Reject Flow Meters
 Low & High pressure switch
 High rejection TFC membranes
 Heavy duty high pressure tubing

These Commercial/Institutional RO Systems are available in following Flow Ranges:

 50 LPH RO Plants
 100 LPH RO Plants
 200 LPH RO Plants
 500 LPH RO Plants
 750 LPH RO Plants

Containerized RO Plants
Containerized Reverse Osmosis Plants / Containerized Desalination
Plants/Containerized Ultra filtration Plants Fluid Systems supplies a host of water
treatment in a containerized version. From ultra filtration to brackish water plants to
Desalination Plants. Fluid Systems provides an affordable, plug-and-play
desalination solution that can be commissioned in a short period. Our ready-to-use
containerized desalination plants can produce up to 1000 m3/day of drinking water.

The Plant is housed in a standard 20 or 40 ft container. The containers can be

insulated on request. The Plant comes with pre-piped and pre cabled connections
[plug and play]. Remote Monitoring Option also available with GSM
connectivity Benefits of Fluid Systems Containerized Plants

 Plug and Play Unit

 Minimum civil construction required
 Small footprint
 High quality components
 High recovery
 High TDS Rejection
 Easy Spare parts availability as standard Components are used
 Modular in design
 Low energy and chemical consumption
 Quick Installation