中科大数学分析历年期末考试卷

大学生数学竞赛及考研：122307834
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2
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(4) ÑÈ©Ä½n"
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cos x − e−x /2
2
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(1) lim 0 √ (2) lim
x→+∞ x4 + 1 x→0 x4
∫ n2 +n ∑n
sin x cos (k−1)π
2n
− cos (k+1)π
2n
(3) lim dx (4) lim kπ
n→∞ n2 x n→∞
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√ cos x sin x
(1) x ln2 x dx (2) dx
(1 + sin2 x)n
∫ 3 √ ∫ +∞
x √
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dx
0 1+x 0
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
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0 ≤ t ≤ 2π,
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1
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1 1
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2
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n ∫ 1
1
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x ln x dx = x3/2 ln x − x dx
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
∫ ∫
d(1 + sin2 x)  2(1−n) (1 + sin x) n 6= 1
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2
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2
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2
x 1 − x dx = 2
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e− x
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0
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n=1
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中国科学院大学
2016 年招收攻读硕士学位研究生入学统一考试试题
科目名称：数学分析
解答：Eufisky (Xiongge)
考生须知：
1. 本试卷满分为 150 分，全部考试时间总计 180 分钟；
2. 所有答案必须写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或草稿纸上一律无效。
————————————————————————————————————————
1. (15 分) 计算极限
( ) 1x
e x + e2x + · · · + enx
lim .
x →0 n
解:
( ) 1x [ ( x )]
e x + e2x + · · · + enx 1 e + e2x + · · · + enx
lim = lim exp ln
x →0 n x →0 x n
[ ( ( ) )]
1 (e x − 1) + e2x − 1 + · · · + (enx − 1)
= lim exp ln 1 +
x →0 x n
[ ( ) ]
(e x − 1) + e2x − 1 + · · · + (enx − 1)
= lim exp
x →0 nx
[ ]
x + 2x + · · · + nx
= lim exp = e(n+1)/2 .
x →0 nx
2. (15 分) 求定积分
∫ 1 ( √ )
I= log 1 + x dx.
0
√
解: 令 t = x, 则有
∫ 1 ( √ ) ∫ 1
I= log 1 + x dx = 2 t log (1 + t) dt
0 0
∫ 1 [ ]1 ∫ 1 t2
= log (1 + t) dt2 = t2 log (1 + t) − dt
0 0 0 1+t
[∫ 1 ∫ 1 ]
1
= log 2 − (t − 1) dt + dt
0 0 1+t
[ ]
1 1
= log 2 − − + log 2 = .
2 2
3. (15 分) 求二重极限
x+y
lim .
x →∞
y→∞
x2 − xy + y2
解: 解法一.
1 1 1 1
x+y + + 1 1
≤ x y ≤ x y
≤ + .
x2 − xy + y2 x y x y x y
y + x − 1 y + x − 1
考试科目：数学分析第1页共5页

解法二.(忘忧草)
( )

x+y ≤ 2 | x + y| ≤ 2 | x | + |y| ≤ 2 1 + 1 .
x2 − xy + y2 x 2 + y2 x 2 + y2 | x | |y|
因此所求二重极限等于 0. □
4. (15 分) f ( x ) 是 [ a, b] 上的连续正函数, 求证存在 ξ ∈ ( a, b), 使得

∫ ξ ∫ b ∫ b
1
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx.
a ξ 2 a
证明: 令 ∫ t ∫ b
1
g (t) = f ( x ) dx − f ( x ) dx,
a 2 a
则 g( x ) 在 [ a, b] 上连续, 而
∫ b ∫ b
1 1
g ( a) = − f ( x ) dx, g (b) = f ( x ) dx.
2 a 2 a
故 g( a), g(b) 必不同号, 由零点定理可知存在 ξ ∈ ( a, b), 使得

∫ ξ ∫ b
1
g (t) = f ( x ) dx − f ( x ) dx = 0,
a 2 a
即 ∫ ξ ∫ b
1
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx,
a 2 a
此时有 ∫ b ∫ b ∫ ξ ∫ b
1
f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx − f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx.
ξ a a 2 a
□
5. (15 分) 求以下曲面所围立体的体积:
x2 y2 z2
S1 : + + = 1,
a2 b2 c2
x2 y2 z2
S2 : 2 + 2 = 2 ( z ≥ 0 ) .
a b c
一开始看到这题, 感觉不好算, 觉得时间紧迫, 果断搁置. 后面才回来解决的.
2 2 √
解: 当 zc2 ≥ 1 − zc2 , 即 z ≥ c/ 2 时, 我们有
∫∫∫ ∫ c ∫∫ ∫ c [ ( )]
ab z2
V1 = dV = dz dxdy = π 2 z2 − πab 1 − 2 dz
0 √c c c
Ω1 D1 2
∫ c ( 2 )
z πabc ( √ )
= πab 2 − 1 dz = −1 + 2
√c c2 3
2
z2 z2
√
当 c2
≤ 1− c2
, 即 z ≤ c/ 2 时, 我们有
∫∫∫ ∫ c ∫∫ ∫ √c
[ ( ) ]
z2 ab 2
πab 1 − 2 − π 2 z dz
2
V2 = dV = dz dxdy =
0 0 c c
Ω2 D2
∫ √c
( ) √
z2 2
1−2
2
= πab dz = πabc
0 c2 3
因此
πabc ( √ )
V = V1 + V2 = 2 2−1 .
3
□

6. (15 分) f ( x ) 是 [ a, b] 上的连续函数, 且 f ( x ) 单调递增. 求证:

∫ b ∫ b
a+b
t f (t) dt ≥ f (t) dt.
a 2 a
证明: 由于
∫ b ∫ ∫ b( )
a+b b a+b
t f (t) dt − f (t) dt = t− f (t) dt
a 2 a a 2
∫ a+b ( ) ∫ b ( )
2 a+b a+b
= t− f (t) dt + a+b t − f (t) dt
a 2 2
2
∫ a+b ( ) ∫ a ( )
2 a+b a+b
= t− f (t) dt − a+b − x f ( a + b − x ) dt ( x = a + b − t)
a 2 2
2
∫ a+b ( )
2 a+b
= t− [ f (t) − f ( a + b − t)] dt.
a 2
( )
而当 t ∈ a, a+b
2 时, 有
a+b
t− < 0, t − ( a + b − t) = 2t − ( a + b) < 0,
2
又 f ( x ) 单调递增, 可知 f (t) − f ( a + b − t) ≤ 0. 因此
∫ b ∫ b ∫ a+b ( )
a+b 2 a+b
t f (t) dt − f (t) dt = t− [ f (t) − f ( a + b − t)] dt ≥ 0.
a 2 a a 2
□
7. (15 分) 若数列 { an }, {bn } 满足以下条件:
(a) a1 ≥ a2 ≥ · · · 且 lim an = 0;
n→∞

n

(b) 存在正数 M, 对任意的正整数 n, 均有 ∑ bk ≤ M.
k =1
∞
证明级数 ∑ an bn 收敛.
n =1
当时一看到这题就想到了阿贝尔变换, 但公式不熟啊, 只知道是分部积分的离散形式, 还
不敢写, 是和最后一道题一样留到最后写的.
事实上, 这是 Dirichlet 判别法.
n
证明: 记 Bn = ∑ bk , 由 Abel 变换有
k =1

n n −1

∑ ai bi = ∑ ( ai − ai+1 ) Bi + an Bn − am+1 Bm
i = m +1 i = m +1
n −1
≤M ∑ | ai − ai+1 | + M (| an | + | am+1 |)
i = m +1

n −1

= M ∑ ( ai − ai+1 ) + M (| an | + | am+1 |)
i = m +1
= M | am+1 − an | + M (| an | + | am+1 |)
≤ 2M (| an | + | am+1 |) ≤ 4M | am+1 | → 0.
∞
由 Cauchy 收敛准则知级数 ∑ an bn 收敛. □
n =1

8. (15 分) 设 0 ≤ a < b/2, f ( x ) 在 [ a, b] 上连续, 在 ( a, b) 上可导且 f ( a) = a, f (b) = b.
(a) 求证存在 ξ ∈ ( a, b), 使得 f (ξ ) = b − ξ;

(b) 若 a = 0, 求证存在 α, β ∈ ( a, b), α ̸= β, 使得 f ′ (α) f ′ ( β) = 1.
证明:
(a) 令 g( x ) = f ( x ) − b + x, 则有 g( x ) 在 [ a, b] 上连续, 而
g( a) = f ( a) − b + a = 2a − b < 0, g(b) = f (b) = b > 0.
由零点定理可知存在 ξ ∈ ( a, b), 使得 g(ξ ) = f (ξ ) − b + ξ = 0, 即 f (ξ ) = b − ξ.

(b) 当 a = 0, 则有 b > 0. 由 Lagrange 中值定理可知存在 α ∈ ( a, ξ ), 使得
f (ξ ) − f ( a) b−ξ
f ′ (α) = = .
ξ−a ξ
存在 β ∈ (ξ, b), 使得
f (b) − f (ξ ) ξ
f ′ ( β) = = .
b−ξ b−ξ
此时有 f ′ (α) f ′ ( β) = 1.
9. (15 分) 求椭圆 x2 + 4y2 = 4 上到直线 2x + 3y = 6 距离最短的点, 并求其最短距离.

第一感觉, 高中数学联赛题.
解: 利用平面解析几何的方法可以更直观地解决. 将直线 l1 : 2x + 3y = 6 向下平移至与椭圆相切,
记此时直线为 l2 , 则两平行直线 l1 与 l2 的距离即为所求最短距离 d.
椭圆 x2 + 4y2 = 4 上一点 ( x, y) 的切线斜率为
Fx x 2 3
k=− =− = − ⇒ y = x.
Fy 4y 3 8
由 x, y > 0 解得
8 3
x= ,y = .
5 5
(8 3
)
故直线 l2 与椭圆的切点为 A 5, 5 , 从而有
2 5
l2 : y = − x + ⇔ 2x + 3y − 5 = 0.
3 3
故所求最短距离 √
|(−5) − (−6)| 1 13
d= √ = √ = .
2
2 +3 2 13 13
□
10. (15 分) 半径为 R 的球面 S 的球心在单位球面 x2 + y2 + z2 = 1 上, 求球面 S 在单位球内

面积的最大值, 并求出此时的 R.
解: 记 S 的球心为 A( a, b, c), 且 a2 + b2 + c2 = 1, 则球面 S 的方程为
( x − a )2 + ( y − b )2 + ( z − c )2 = R2 ,
即
x2 + y2 + z2 − 2ax − 2by − 2cz = R2 − 1, 0 < R < 2.
两球面相交的平面为
2 − R2
ax + by + cz = .
2

则 S 的球心 A 到该球面的距离为

2− R2
1 − 2 R2
d= = .
1 2
再求球冠的表面积, 考察单位球面的上半球面 (z > 0)

√
x 2 + y2 + z2 = R2 ⇒ z = R2 − x 2 − y2 .
则所求面积为
∫∫ ∫∫ √
S= dS = 1 + z2x + z2y dxdy
Σ D
√
∫∫ ∫ 2π ∫ R 1− R2
R 4 Rρ
= √ dxdy = dθ √ dρ
R2 − x2 − y2 0 0 R2 − ρ2
D
( )
R3
= 2π R − 2
.
2
由均值不等式可知
( )
R3 R R
S = 2π R − 2
= 4π · · (2 − R)
2 2 2
( )3
R
+ R2 + (2 − R) 32π
≤ 4π 2 = .
3 27
2 =2 − R⇒R= □
R 4
当且仅当 3 时取得最大值.
当时没想到去用曲面积分求球冠的表面积, 函数写成了 x2 cos x 这种, 想了一个多小时也
求不出最大值, 气死我了. 事实上, 当时做完 Dirichlet 判别法那题后再算, 还是没结果！时
间不多了, 赶紧将答题纸和试卷装入信封, 贴上密封条等待交卷走人！

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