x

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2009 − 2018 cýK®o

xMŠ: ®ŒÆ p “ê†)ÛAÛK8ƒé5`„Ž ~, Ä þzc•Ñ¬kA‡J: ضK

8. 'X 2016 c@ › ¡N K8Œ±`´ D²;ŒJK, •|þU‰Ñ5ý´“Juþ“U”. Œ ê
©K8, ÒŒ±^“C ”5/N , 9 nØÚE|ÑAOr, ù˜:•I3zcúÙ ŒêÆ•ï¤1¥
w9‚<ê=Œ²x(•$©ý Ø´Ï•¦‚ f). Ïd, • ŒêÆXïÄ), éN´Ò,‰8Ø9‚/ë
I[‚ÑØ ,? Ã{ žNJ Ù¦Æ ,ý “ؤõB¤;”. ‡ƒ, ƒ'Ù¦p ŒU ŒêÆØI
‡ p ©êÒU ?\EÁ, ù•Ž´˜‡Y:. 3dŽ‰ • Œêƈ ÓÆ ïÆÒ´, @‰O ¦þ
ï!wOg ˜prÝp ÝES!)·ŒB؇üô˜{s...... ,, k, ÓÆ•Œ±< ŒýK ŠÔ
ö, ýKSN (´pŸþ, ‰˜‰½k¼.
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EX ®o?ÈÑ5, •¤©•‰•ï
LAT , Óž x•é\ Áz La-! , duY²k•, ýK®o?ÈJ•
k†, •žÖö1µ• .

(é–ýK:

1. ýK, ¿Ø@o-‡, ‰ ¡ESâ´›‘ƒ . @@m©“ïÄ”ýK ¦ ES¡¡z! ¤¢ ¡ES,

• ´‡ÀJ˜ ·ÜgC ë•Ö, wnoH! ƒÕnU‹~, üUè .

2. ýKwC›c Òv , , ýK •Ø˜½´€¯, Ï•ùŒ±½¦·‚• ¡/ES!

3. vk‰Y ýK´-y·‚ØäÆS Äå! •ï´þ, vkŸo'ÏLgCãå g•Ñ5˜‡JK•4

<m% ¯ ! ‡rN ´: ES‡±Ö•Ì, ýK•9. ØU " ˜!

4. ïýK‰Y´š~زœ ÀJ! Ï•rýKÑtà ÒvkES Äå , ¤±@@ïýK‰Y <

•¬‰@oA‡K. XJš‡ïýK‰Y, xïƇ3›˜± .

5. ؇•w˜‡Æ ýK, O Æ •ww. Ï•õ„K’½v€?!

xMŠ:
†Ù ~~, ØXò ( . û½ •ï, Ò‡&¦ å, kOy ¢/j± .. sA‡ ;%‰˜‡¯
, §7,¬‰\£ , $–´\¿ŽØ ¯U!

1. kOy´ÆSÄå , ‡›½˜‡·ÜgC Oy(ØUõ•ØU ), ÃØ ºe…, 7L‡ ¤ U

Oy. Ž ? @Òk ¤²U Oy, ²U !

2. ¢, Ò´`‡lÄ: ‘ m©Æ, =¦{ü, •‡@@ýýà ˜H! ƒÕúpÃ$.

3. j± .Ò´±ƒ±ð, P4: 1zpöŒÊ›!

2w:
xêÆ©Û†p “ê•ï9 ‘§Œ±×£ýKmþ ‘è'5 x‡&ú¯Ò, ?1 ¶. 5u“
Œ‡êÆ©Û6†5 ®ŒÆ‡p “ê6Àª‘Ñkí!

2018 c 4 4F

2
 8¹

1 ®ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ 4

2 ®ŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ 6

3 ®ŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ 7

4 ®ŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ 9

5 ®ŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ 10

6 ®ŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ 11

7 ®ŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ 12

8 ®ŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ 13

9 ®ŒÆ 2018 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ 14

10 ®ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 15

11 ®ŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 16

12 ®ŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 17

13 ®ŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 18

14 ®ŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 19

15 ®ŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 20

16 ®ŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 21

17 ®ŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 22

18 ®ŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 24

19 ®ŒÆ 2018 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û 25

3
 1. ®ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
5: ÁK¥ r(A) L« A •, |A| L«Ý A 1 ª, A0 L«Ý A =˜Ý .

1. ( 10 ©) ˜„`5˜‡•þ| 4Œ‚5Ã'Ü©|´Ø•˜ , @oŸo•þ| 4Œ‚5Ã'Ü©|´

•˜ ? y²\ (Ø.

2. ( 10 ©) õ‘ª f (x) ¤kEŠÑ´¢ê, y²: XJ a ´ f (x) ê f 0 (x) -Š, K a •´ f (x) Š.

!
S 0
3. ( 10 ©) S •n ¢é¡Ý , S1 , S2 Ñ ´ m ¢é¡Ý , y ²: e O é Ý †
0 S1
!
S 0
ÜÓ, K S1 † S2 ÜÓ.
0 S2

4. ( 15 ©) )•§| 
 x + y + z = 2;


(x − y)2 + (y − z)2 + (z − x)2 = 14;

 x2 y 2 z + x2 yz 2 + xy 2 z 2 = 2.


5. ( 15 ©) A •n ¢• …k AA0 = A2 , y²: A ´é¡Ý .

6. ( 15 ©) n ≥ 2, Mn (K) • K þ¤k n • ¤¤8Ü, Mn (K) þ ˜‡¼ê f =•N f : Mn (K) → K.

Mn (K) þ ¤k¼ê|¤ 8ÜP• F (K), 3 F (K) ¥½Â\{Úê¦$ŽXe: é?¿ f, g ∈ F (K), é
?¿ k ∈ K Ú?¿ A ∈ Mn (K),

(f + g)(A) = f (A) + g(A), (kf )(A) = kf (A)

K F (K) 'ud$Ž¤•ê• K þ ˜‡‚5˜m. éu f ∈ F (K), f ¡•´ ‚5¼êXJ f éuÝ

n
z˜ Ñ´‚5 , =é K ¥?¿ •þ β1 , β2 , · · · , βn , β, ?¿ 1 ≤ j ≤ n ±9?¿ k ∈ K, Ñk

f (β1 , · · · , βj−1 , βj + β, βj+1 , · · · , βn ) = f (β1 , · · · , βj−1 , βj , βj+1 , · · · , βn ) + f (β1 , · · · , βj−1 , β, βj+1 , · · · , βn )

Ú
f (β1 , · · · , βj−1 , kβj , βj+1 , · · · , βn ) = kf (β1 , · · · , βj−1 , βj , βj+1 , · · · , βn )
(Ù¥ Ý ^§‚ •þ|L«Ñ), f ¡•´‡é¡ e A ∈ Mn (K) kü •þƒÓž7k
f (A) = 0. ^ SP(K) L« F (K) ¥¤k‡é¡ ‚5¼ê¤¤ 8Ü, y²: SP(K) ´ F (K) ˜‡f˜m,
¿¦ SP(K) ‘êÚ˜|Ä.

7. ( 15 ©) U •àg‚5•§| ABX = 0 )˜m, Ù¥ A • n × m Ý ,B •m×p Ý ,X •p×1

m
Ý , y²: m ‘•þ˜m K ¥f8Ü

W = {Y = BX, X ∈ U }

´f˜m, § ‘ê u rank(B) − rank(AB), ¿|^d(Øy²é?¿n‡Ý A, B, C k

rank(AB) + rank(BC) ≤ rank(B) + rank(ABC).

8. ( 10 ©) R •¢ê•, α1 , α2 , · · · , αs ´ n ‘m Rn ¥ ˜‚5Ã'•þ|, Ù¥ Rn ¥ SÈ•I

0
OSÈ (α, β) = α · β , ùp •þ α Ú β Ñw¤´ 1 × n Ý , ^ B L« (i, j) • (αi , αj ), 1 ≤ i, j ≤ s
s × s Ý , é•þ| α1 , α2 , · · · , αs –1–—A (Schmidt) zL§ •þ| β1 , β2 , · · · , βs , y²:
s
Y
|B| = kβi k2 .
i=1

Ù¥ kβi k L«•þ βi •Ý.

4
 9. ( 12 ©) ž¯†‚ 
A1 x + B1 y + C1 z + D1 = 0;
l:
A x + B y + C z + D = 0.
2 2 2 2

Xê÷vŸo^‡žâäk±e5Ÿ?
(1) ²L :;
(2) † x ¶²1 Ø-Ü;
(3) Ú y ¶ƒ ;
(4) † z ¶R† (Ø7ƒ ).

10. ( 15 ©) ²¡ Ax + By + Cz + D = 0 †V- Ô¡ 2z = x2 − y 2 ‚•ü^†‚, y²:

A2 − B 2 − 2CD = 0.

11. ( 10 ©) ˜m† ‹IX¥ -¡ Q •§• x2 + y 2 − z 2 = 1, ˜‡L z ¶ ²¡ Σ ¿•Ä N†ƒ²

1 ²¡x. ¯: ù ²1²¡† Q ‚´Ÿoa. -‚? §‚† Σ ålCÄž, ‚ /GXÛ
Cz? ž‰Ñ˜Ù £ã¿`² änd.

12. ( 13 ©) ‰Ñ˜m¥Œ»• 1 ¥¡ S Ú ¥%ål• 2 ˜: P , •ÄL P :…† S ƒ ?˜^†‚,

ü‡ : ¥:, ^)ÛAÛ •{y²ù ¥: ;,3˜‡¥¡þ, ¿¦Ñ¥%ÚŒ».

5
 2. ®ŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
n
X
1. ( 13 ©) Xêõ‘ª f (x) = ak xk (n ≥ 2010). e•3ƒê p ÷v:
k=0

1 p - an ;

2 p | ai i = 0, 1, 2, · · · , 2008;
2

3 p - a0 .
y² f (x) 7kgêØ$u 2009 ØŒ XêϪ.

2. ( 13 ©) •þ| α1 , α2 , · · · , αs ‚5Ã', …Œ±d•þ| β1 , β2 , · · · , βt ‚5LÑ, y²7•3,‡•þ

βj (j = 1, 2, · · · , t) ¦ •þ| βj , α2 , · · · , αs ‚5Ã'.

3. ( 12 ©) A ´š"Ý , y² A Œ± ¤,‡ ÷•Ý †,‡1÷•Ý ¦È.

 0  
1 1
4. ( 13 ©) A, B ´ n Ý , …÷v A = B − E B+ E , y²: é?¿ n ‘ •þ ξ, •§|
110 110

A0 (A2 + A)X = A0 ξ

7kš").

5. ( 13 ©) A ´n ½Ý , •þ| β1 , β2 , · · · , βs ÷v βi Aβj = 0 (1 ≤ i < j ≤ n). ¯•þ|

β1 , β2 , · · · , βs •ŒU´õ , y²\ (Ø.

6. ( 12 ©) ‚5C† A ´é¡C†, … A ´ C†, y² A ´,‡éÜ (=÷v A2 = E, E ´ü C†).

7. ( 12 ©) V ´SȘm, ξ, η ´ V ¥ü‡•Ýƒ •þ, y²7•3,‡ C†, ò ξ C η.

8. ( 12 ©) A ´EÝ , B ´˜"Ý , … AB = BA, y²:

|A + 2010B| = |A|.

9. ( 12 ©) ¦L z ¶…†²¡ x + 2y + 3z = 1 Y • 60◦ ²¡ •§.

10. ( 12 ©) ¦†‚ 
x − y + z = 1;
x + y − z = 1.

7 z ¶^=¤¤^=-¡ •§, ¿•Ñù´Ÿo-¡.

11. ( 14 ©) ½Â• ‹IX XOY ¥ ˜‡C†


x0 = 7x − y + 1;
f=
y 0 = 4x + 2y + 4.

(1) ¦3 f e ØC†‚.
0 0 0
(2) ±ü^ØC†‚•‹I¶ïá• ‹IX X O Y , ¦3d‹IX¥ f C†úª.

12. ( 12 ©) ^ØL Iº: ²¡ƒ• I, y²¤ -‚•ŒU•ý , V-‚Ú Ô‚. ¿`²-‚a.

‘ƒ• Ý C†5Æ.

6
 3. ®ŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. (zK 4 ©, 40 ©) ä´š, ¿•ãnd
(1) A ´˜‡•• 5 Ý ,A 3, 4 1‚5Ã', 1, 3 •‚5Ã', @o A 1 ª ˜‡ 2 fª
A(3, 4; 1, 3) Ø u 0.
(2) Ax = 0 )•˜, K Ax = b )••˜.
(3) ™•.
(4) š"‚5C† A, 3,|Äþ Ý é ‚þ ƒþØ• 0, K A 7kš 0 A Š.
∗ ∗
(5) ‚5C† σ 9Ù Ý=˜ σ , y² ker σ σ = ker σ.
(6) ™•.
(7) 13 ‚5˜m7k 10 ØCf˜m.
(8) é?¿ n, •3õ‘ª p(x) 3knê•þØŒ .
(9) é ‚þ ƒþ؃ þn Ý 7Œé z.
(10) A ´• F þ Ý , … A Œ_, K7•3 F ¥ ê a0 , a1 , · · · , an−1 , ¦ A−1 = a0 I + a1 A + a2 A2 +
· · · + an−1 An−1 .

2. ‰Ñ 4 Ý  
1 1 0 0
 
 0 1 0 2 
A=
 0
.
 0 1 2 

0 0 0 −1
(1) ¦Ý • õ‘ª.
15
(2) ¦ A .
(3) ¦ A ( IO..
Jordan )
Xn
(4) ½Â Q[A] = ai Ai , ai ∈ Q , ¦ù‡‚5˜m ‘ê.
i=1

3. g.
f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = x21 + x22 + x23 + 4x1 x2 + 4x2 x3 + 4x3 x1 .

(1) ¦ f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = X T AX Ý A, A Š, A •þ.

0
(2) A = CDC ‡¦ C • Ý , D •é Ý , ¦ C, D.
(3) 3ü ¥ x21 + x22 + x23 = 1 þ¦ g. f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) •Œ• Š.

4. Ó ˜m ‘ê:
• F þ‚5˜m W, U, V ¦‚©O´ r, s, t ‘ . σ • W U þ ‚5N , f áu Hom(W, U ) y²
(1) dim Hom(W, U ) = rs.
(2) σ ∗ • Hom(W, U ) Hom(W, V ) þ‚5N , K•3ü σ, ¦ σ ∗ (f )w = σ(f w), Ù¥ w ∈ W .
(3) dim Imσ ∗ = ker(i − σ ∗ ) + Imσ.

5. ˜m¥lÓ˜:Ñu o‡•þ ¡ ¿‡^‡´

[a, b, c] − [b, c, d] + [c, d, a] − [d, a, b] = 0.

Ù¥ [x, y, z] L«·ÜÈ.

6. üÉ¡†‚ ålƒ : 8Ü´Ÿoã/?

7
7. y²:
(1) ²1 ²¡å•ý¥ •‚•´ý , ¿…ù ²1 ý k Ó¥%:.
(2) ½: ý¥ ƒ‚, Ùƒ: 8Ü´˜‡²¡.
(3) p, q ´ý¥¡ 2 ‡:, q 3 Op þ, L p Ú q ©OŠý¥¡ ƒ‚, Kƒ:¤3 2 ‡²¡²1; ¿…
ù 2 ‡²¡ ý¥ ý ¥%† O ‚.

8
 4. ®ŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. λ1 , · · · , λn ´knXêõ‘ª g(x) 3 C ÜŠ, é?¿ f (x) ∈ Q[x], ¯
n
Y
f (λi )
i=1

´Ä˜½•knê?

2. y²  
1 2 ··· 2011
22 32 20122
 
 ··· 
det   6= 0.
 
.. .. ..

 . . . 

20112011 20122011 ··· 20122011

3. n • A z1z Tk˜‡ ƒ• 1 ½ −1, Ù{ ƒþ•". y²•3 k ∈ N∗ ¦

Ak = E.

4. n Ý A, B ƒm½ÂÝ [¦{ A ◦ B = (aij bij )n×n . y²

rank(A ◦ B) ≤ rankA · rankB.

5. A1 , · · · , A2012 •‚5˜m V þ 2012 ‡pØƒÓ ‚5C†, ¯´Ä•3•þ α ∈ V ¦

A1 α, · · · , A2012 α

Ñ؃ .

6. A, B ∈ Mn (R), A ½, B é¡, y²•3Œ_Ý T ¦ A, B ŒÓžÜÓé z.

7. f (α, β) = g1 (α)g2 (β) ´ê• P þ m V þ é¡V‚5¼ê, …Ù¥ g1 , g2 ´‚5¼ê. y²•

3‚5¼ê h(x), ±9 k 6= 0 ∈ P ¦
f (α, β) = kh(α)h(β).

8. 3 n ‘m¥, y²üüY •ð •þ‡ê•ŒŠ• n + 1.

9
 5. ®ŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1
1. ®• α = 2013 + 2013 106 ´knõ‘ª ˜‡Š. y²
1 2πi
β = 2013 + 2013 106 e 53

•´Ù¥˜‡EŠ.

2. Ý A A õ‘ª• f (x) = (x − 1)2 (x + 3)2 , 4 õ‘ª• m(x) = (x − 1)2 (x + 3). ¦ A Jordan I

O..

3. (1) A Œ_, AB = BA, y² !

A B
det = det(A2 − B 2 ).
B A
(2) XJ A ØŒ_, AB = BA, (شĤá?
(3) XJ A Œ_, AB = BA ؤá, (شĤá?
!
a b
4. /X R þ Ý /¤˜‡‚5˜m V , ½Â V × V → R þ N •
b c
1
(A, B) = (det(A + B) − det(A) − det(B)).
2
(1) y²ù´˜‡V‚5N .
(2) ¦Ù3Ä ! ! !
1 0 1
, ,
0 1 1
e ÝþÝ M.
X 0M X
(3) éuþã M , ¦ f (X) = •ŒŠ†• Š (5: ^êÆ©Û•{؉©).
X 0X
5. ˜‡'uÝKN ¯K, K8½Â f˜m W þ ÝKŽf:
r
X
Tw (α) = (α, αi )αi ,
i=1

α1 , · · · , αr ´ W þ IO Ä.
(1) y²?¿ β ∈ W , |α − Tw (α)| ≤ |α − β|.
(2) A ´ÝKN ¿‡^‡´ A2 = A … A •é¡N .
r
X
(3) ?¿é¡N Œ±L«• f (α) = λi Twi (α), wi •f˜m.
i=1

A2 A4
6. ½ÂÝ A V-{u cosh(A) = E + + + · · · . ¯: ´Ä•3 EÝ A, ¦
2! 4!
!
1 2013
cosh(A) = .
0 1

7. ™•.

8. A ´ %3 x ¶ ••L : þ˜Ä:, B ´ z ¶þ ˜Ä:, … |OA| = k|OB|, k •½Š. ¦ AB †

‚(½ -¡•§.

9. äN•§#P, ´Šâ g-‚•§ ëê?ØÙ-‚a. .

10. ‰½ ˜‡I¡, „k˜‡‘ü‡ëê †‚, ?Ø •/G, ¿xã.

10
 6. ®ŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1.
2013
Y
f (x) = (x − k)2 + 2014,
k=1

K f (x) 3knê•S´ÄŒ ?

2. A, B • n Ý , e ABAB •"Ý , ¯´Äk BABA ˜½´"Ý ?

3. ´Äk n Hermit Ý M (M 6= En ) ÷v

4M 5 + 2M 3 + M = 7En ?

4. V ´ n ‘‚5˜m, A •˜‚5C†… A • õ‘ªgê• n.

n−1
(1) y²•3•þ α ¦ α, Aα, · · · , A α ´V ˜|Ä;
(2) ?¿† A Œ † ‚5C†ŒL• A õ‘ª.

5. - V ´ N n EÝ |¤ •þ˜m, ¦

dim{AB − BA | A, B ∈ V }.

6. 3m V ¥, é¡‚5C† A ¡•” ”, eé?¿ α ∈ V , Ñk (α, A(α)) ≤ 0 ¤á… …= α=0

ž Ò¤á. y²
(1) e‚5C† A ´ , K A Œ_.
(2) e‚5C† B ´ … A − B •´ , K B −1 − A−1 •´ .
2
(3) éu?¿ ‚5C† A, o•3 ‚5C† B ÷v A = B .

7. ¦ü“V-¡
x2 y2 z2
+ − =1
a2 b2 c2
R† †1‚ : ;,.

8. åC† 
0
 x = a11 x + a12 y + a13 z;


y 0 = a21 x + a22 y + a23 z;

 z 0 = a x + a y + a z.

31 32 33

Œ±w‰7ØĆ‚^=˜‡ Ý .
(1) ¦ØĆ‚ •••þ;
(2) ¦^= θ.

9. : A(a1 , a2 , a3 ), B(b1 , b2 , b3 ) 3†‚

x+1 y+b z
= =
2 2 3
þ ÝK• A1 , B1 , ¦ A1 , B1 ‹I±9ü:m ål.

11
 7. ®ŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
     
1 0 0
3
     
0 , ε2 = 1 , ε3 = 0 e Ý •
1. ( 10 ©) 3 R þ½Â‚5C† A, A 3g,Ä ε1 =      
0 0 1
 
0 1 −1
 
 0 0 1 .
 
0 0 0

¦ R3 ˜|Ä, ¦ A 3ù|Äeäk Jordan ..

2. ( 10 ©) 3 ¢Ý A A õ‘ª•
x3 − 3x2 + 4x − 2.
y² A Ø´é¡ •Ø´ .

3. ( 15 ©) 3¤k 2 ¢• þ½Â g.

f : X → Tr(X 2 ).

¦f •ÚÎÒ .

4. ( 15 ©) V ´k•‘‚5˜m, A, B ´ V þ‚5C†÷ve¡^‡:
(1) AB = O, ùp O ´ 0 C†;
(2) A ?¿ØCf˜m•´ B ØCf˜m;
5 4 3 2
(3) A + A + A + A + A = O.
y²
BA = O.

5. ( 15 ©) V ´ Ngê؇L n ¢Xêõ‘ª|¤ ‚5˜m. ½Â‚5C†

A : f (x) → f (1 − x)

¦A A ŠÚéA A f˜m.

6. ( 15 ©) OŽ1 ª. ˆ1.ê• ê , ˆ .ê•• ê , ¤k•êÑ´ 50

 
 150 250 350 ··· 10050 

 250 350 450 10150 
 
···
.

 .. .. .. ..

 . . . . 

 10050 10150 10250 50 

··· 199

7. ( 20 ©) V ´Eê•þk•‘‚5˜m, A ´ V þ ‚5C†, A 3˜|ÄeÝ • F .

(1) e A Œé z, Ké?¿ A ØCf˜m U , •3 U ˜‡Ö˜m W ´ A ØCf˜m.
(2) eé?¿ A ØCf˜m U , •3 U ˜‡Ö˜m W ´ A ØCf˜m, y² F Œé z.

8. ( 20 ©) ²¡þ˜‡Œ_• C†ò˜‡ N•ý ½ . •[Øyù˜:.

9. ( 15 ©) ²¡ Ax + By + Cz = 0 †V- Ô¡ 2z = x2 − y 2 uü^†‚. y²

A2 − B 2 − 2CD = 0.

10. ( 15 ©) › ¡Nk 12 ‡¡, z‡¡• Ê>/, z‡º:ë 3 ^c. ¦§ Sƒ¥† ¥Œ»'.

12
 8. ®ŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©)
x1 = x2 = 1, xn = xn−1 + xn−2 .

Á^Ý Ø•{‰Ñ {xn } Ï‘.

2. ( 15 ©) α, β •îª˜m V ¥ü‡•Ýƒ •þ. y²•3 C† A ¦ Aα = β.

3. ( 10 ©) y² n Hermite Ý A k n ‡¢A Š (•Ä-ê).

4. ( 20 ©) F • ê •, α1 , α2 , · · · , αn , β1 , β2 , · · · , βn ´ Fn ¥ 2n ‡ • þ. ^ |α1 , · · · αn | L « ±
α1 , α2 , · · · , αn • •þ Ý 1 ª. y²e¡ 1 ª ª
n
X
|α1 , · · · αn | · |β1 , · · · βn | = |α1 , · · · αi−1 , βi , αi+1 , · · · αn | · |αi , β2 , · · · βn |.
i=1

5. ( 20 ©) F •ê•, V ´ F þ n ‘‚5˜m. A ´ V þ‚5C†. y²•3•˜Œé z‚5C† A1 , ˜"

‚5C† A2 ¦
A = A1 + A2 , A1 A2 = A2 A1 .

6. ( 20 ©) F •ê•, A, B, P ∈ Mn (F), P ˜"…

(A − B)P = P (A − B), BP − P B = 2(A − B).

¦˜‡Œ_Ý Q¦ AQ = QB.
→
− − →
− → − − →
7. ( 15 ©) →
−
a, b, →
c ¡ ¿‡^‡• →
−
a × b, b ×→
c , −c × →
−
a ¡.

8. ( 20 ©) ˜m¥o: O, A, B, C ¦
π π π
∠AOB = , ∠BOC = , ∠COA = .
2 3 4
AOB û½ ²¡• π1 , BOC û½ ²¡• π2 , ¦ π1 , π2 ¡ . ¦Ñ ¡ {uŠ=Œ.

9. ( 15 ©) F •ü“V-¡, →
−
n •‰½š"•þ, K˜m¥¤k† →
−
n R† ²¡† F ‚ é¡¥%3˜^
†‚þ.

13
 9. ®ŒÆ 2018 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKp “ê†)ÛAÛ

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) Á(½¢ê•þ¤k 3 (0, 1) 1 ª (=¤k ƒ•U´ 0, 1 1 ª) •ŒŠ, ‰Ñy²9
•ŒŠ ˜‡ E.

2. ( 20 ©) (1) Áy²: ?‰˜‡ K þ k gõ‘ª f (x), ˜½Ué ˜‡Ø‡L (k + 1) g õ‘ª Sf (x), ¦

éz‡ ê n, Ñk
n−1
X
Sf (n) = f (j).
j=0

(2) E˜‡õ‘ª g(x) ÷véz‡ ê n Ñk

g(n) = 02 + 12 + · · · + (n − 1)2 .

3. ( 15 ©) V = K 4 ´˜‡•þ˜m, V1 = L(α1 , α2 , α3 , α4 ), V2 = L(β1 , β2 , β3 , β4 , β5 ), ¦

V1 ∩ V2

˜|Ä. Ù¥ (α1 , α2 , α3 , α4 , β1 , β2 , β3 , β4 , β5 ) = · · ·4×9 (äNêiؘÙ).

4. ( 15 ©) V ´˜‡ n ‘ K−‚5˜m, (αj )nj=1 ´§ ˜|Ä. eé V þ ‚5C† A.

     
α1 Aα1 α1
     
 α2   Aα2   α2 
A .  =  .  = A . ,
     
 ..   ..   .. 
     
αn Aαn αn
KP A = Af . eé?˜‡‚5C† B, Ñk (AB)f = Af Bf , Á(½ A 3Ä. (αj )nj=1 e Ý .

5. ( 15 ©) y²z‡ n Œ_Ý A ÑŒ±•ÏL1naÐ C† (=r˜1¦þ˜½ ê\ ,˜1 )

C¤÷v±e5Ÿ Ý A: éz‡ j = 1, · · · , n Ñ••3˜1 c (j − 1) ‡ ƒ ´ 0, 1 j ‡ ƒØ´ 0.

6. ( 15 ©) •Ä‚5˜m Mn (K). ¡ V ⊂ Mn (K) ´˜‡ú f˜m, XJéz‡ A ∈ Mn (K) 9z‡ B ∈ V

¦ AB ∈ V.
(1) E (n + 1) ‡ØÓ n ‘ú f˜m.
(2) y²z‡ n ‘f˜mÑ´4 , =ek, f˜m V 0 ⊂ V , K‡o V = V 0 ‡o V 0 = 0.

7. ( 5 ©) ^ Euclidean ˜m•þ Y ‰Ñ n Ý ˜„/ª, ‰Ñy².

8. ( 20 ©) ½˜‡²¡‹IX. •§

ax2 + 4xy + ay 2 − 10x + 20y − 1 = 0 (a > 0)

L«˜^ Ô‚.
(1) ¦ a;
(2) ¦ Ô‚ º:.

9. ( 15 ©) P A ´†e¡n^†‚у †‚ ¿8:
  
y = 0 x = 1 x = −1
, ,
z = 0 z = 1 y = −1

‰Ñ A ˜‡˜„Lˆª f (x, y, z) = 0, Ù¥ f ´˜‡n õ‘ª.

10. ( 15 ©) y²AÛ˜m¥?˜‡^=C† f , •‡=¶ÏL :, Ò˜½ ¤ f = gz ◦ gy ◦ gx /ª, Ù¥

gx , gy , gz ©OL«7 x, y, z ¶ ^=C†.

14
 10. ®ŒÆ 2009 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. y²4«mþ ëY¼êU •ŒŠÚ• Š.

2. f (x) Ú g(x) ´ R þ k.˜—ëY¼ê, ¦y f (x)g(x) 3 R þ˜—ëY.

3. f (x) ´±Ï• 2π ëY¼ê, …Ù Fourier ?ê

∞
a0 X
+ an cos nx + bn sin nx
2 n=1

??Âñ, ¦yù‡ Fourier ?ê??Âñ f (x).

4. {an }∞ ∞
n=1 , {bn }n=1 Ñ´k.ê , … an+1 + 2an = bn , e lim bn •3, ¦y: lim an ••3.
n→∞ n→∞
0
5. ´Ä•3 R → R ëYŒ ¼ê f (x) ÷v f (x) > 0, … f (x) = f (f (x)).

6. ®• f (x) ´ [0, +∞) þ üNëY¼ê, … lim f (x) = 0, ¦y

x→∞
Z +∞
lim f (x) sin nxdx = 0.
n→∞ 0

7. ¦-‚È© Z
(y − z)dx + (z − x)dy + (x − y)dz.
L

Ù¥ L ´¥¡ x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 †¥¡ (x − 1)2 + (y − 1)2 + (z − 1)2 = 4 ¤ -‚.

8. x, y, z > 0, x + y + z = π, ¦
2 cos x + 3 cos y + 4 cos z

•Œ• Š.

9. f (x) ∈ C(a, b), é?Û x ∈ (a, b) Ñk

f (x + h) − f (x − h)
lim ≥ 0,
h→0+ h

¦y: f (x) 3 (a, b) þüNØ~.

Z +∞
1
10. ®• f (x) ´ [0, +∞) þ ëY¼ê, … dx < +∞, ¦y
0 f (x)
Z A
1
lim f (x)dx = +∞.
A→+∞ A2 0

15
 11. ®ŒÆ 2010 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ^k•CX½ny²à:½n.
 
1 1
2. ´Ä•3ê {xn }, Ù4•: ¤ 8Ü• M = 1, , , · · · , `²nd.
2 3
3. I •Ã¡«m, f (x) • I þ šõ‘ªëY¼ê. y²: Ø•3 I þ˜—Âñ õ‘ªS {Pn (x)}, Ù4
•¼ê• f (x).

4. f (x) 3 [0, 1] þëY, 3 (0, 1) SŒ , …÷v

Z 1
1 2 2
f (1) = e1−x f (x)dx.
2 0

0
¦y: •3 ε ∈ (0, 1), ¦ f (ε) = 2εf (ε).

5. f ∈ C 1 (I), I ´k.4«m,    
1
Fn (x) = n f x + − f (x) .
n
y²¼êS {Fn (x)} 3 I þ˜—Âñ. XJ I ´k.m«m, ¯ {Fn (x)} 3 I þ´ÄE,˜—Âñ? `²
nd.

6. ER þ ¼ê f (x), ¦Ù3 Q þmä, Ù¦:ëY.

Z ∞ Z ∞
f (x)
7. 2ÂÈ© xf (x)dx † dx þÂñ. y²
0 0 x
Z ∞
I(t) = xt f (x)dx
0

3 (−1, 1) k½Â, ¿…këY ¼ê.

8. OŽ-‚È© Z
I= ydx + zdy + xdz.
Γ

Ù¥ Γ • x2 + y 2 + z 2 = 1 † x + y + z = 0 ‚. l x ¶ •w´_ž .

9. y²e¡ •§3: (0, 0, 0) NC•˜(½ Û¼ê z = f (x, y),

1 1
x + y 2 + z + sin z = 0,
2 2
¿ò f (x, y) 3: (0, 0) Ðm•‘™æì.{‘ Vúª, Ðm .
Z +∞ Z +∞
10. f (x), g(x) ´ [0, +∞) þ šKüN4~ëY¼ê, … f (x)dx Ú g(x)dx þuÑ.
0 0

h(x) = min{f (x), g(x)},

Z +∞
Á¯ h(x)dx ´Ä˜½uÑ? `²nd.
0

16
 12. ®ŒÆ 2011 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ^(.•3½ny², XJ f (x) ´«m I þ ëY¼ê, K f (I) ´˜‡«m.

2. f 3 (0, 1) þëYk., lim+ f (x) Ø•3, y²•3ê xn → 0 (n → ∞), ¦

x→0

f 0 (xn ) = 0.

3. y²XJ f (x) 3 I þëY, |f (x)| Œ , K f (x) •Œ .

4. Eü‡± 2π •±Ï ¼ê, ¦Ù Fourier ?ê3 [0, π] þ˜—Âñu 0.

5. y² f (x) 3 [0, 1] þŒÈ ¿‡^‡´ F (x, y) = f (x) 3 [0, 1] × [0, 1] þŒÈ.

6. 3 f (x, y) ٽ•¥ ,‡:þ•3š"•• ê, …3n‡••þ •••þþ•3…ƒ . y² f (x, y)

ØŒ‡.

7. D • R2 þÃ.48, Á E˜‡¼ê f (x, y), ¦§3˜‡d1w-‚¤Œ¤ Ã.«•þ -È©

ZZ
f (x, y)dxdy
D

uÑ.

8. T (x), x ∈ D ⊂ Rn , D ´˜‡à«•, T (x) 3 D þkëY ê, Ù Jaccobi 1 ª ½, y² T (x)

´ü .
X
9. •?ê an Âñ, K
n
n2
lim
n→∞ 1 + 1
+ ··· + 1
a1 a2 an

•3.

10. [a, b] þ fn (x) ëY… fn0 (x) ˜—k., ¿… fn (x) Å:Âñu4•¼ê f (x), y² f (x) 3 [a, b] ëY.

17
 13. ®ŒÆ 2012 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. Qã«m [a, b] þ¼ê Riemann ŒÈ ½Â, ¯: ½Â¥ ?¿©•´ÄŒ±U• å©•, ¿y²ƒ.

2. d
2x + y 2 + sin xy + 1 = ex

(½ y • x ¼ê y = f (x), ¦3 x = 0 ? f (x) ‘ Peano {‘ Taylor Ðmª.

3.
ex
f (x) = ,
1 − sin x
¦ f (4) (0).

4. ¦ ZZZ
(x2 + y 2 + z 2 )dxdydz.
V
2 2 2
 
x y z
Ù¥ V : (x, y, z) : + 2 + 2 ≤1 .
a2 b c
5. d¢ê• (. n† y²ëY¼ê 0Š½n, 2A^ëY¼ê0Š½ny²(. n.

6. D = {(x, y) : x2 + y 2 < 1}, u(x, y) ´½Â3 D þ ëYŒ ¼ê, …3 D >. ∂D þ

∂ 2 u ∂u ∂u
k u(x, y) ≥ 0. q u(x, y) 3 D þ÷v + + = 2u, ¦y3 D þðk
∂x2 ∂n ∂y

u(x, y) ≥ 0.

7. f (x) 3 (a, b) þŒ , … x0 ∈ (a, b) ´ f 0 (x) •˜mä:, P

S = {t ∈ R ∪ {−∞} ∪ {+∞}: •3áê {xn } ⊂ (a, b) ÷v xn → x0 , f 0 (xn ) → t, (n → ∞)}.

¯ S ´Ÿo 8Ü? qe f (x) 3 (a, b) − {x0 } þ n (n ≥ 2) Œ , y² f (n) (x) 3 (a, b) þkáõ‡"

:.

8. f (x), g(x) ∈ C ∞ (−∞, +∞), E˜‡3 R þágŒ‡ ¼ê h(x), ¦ h(x) 3 (−1, 1) þ u f (x),
3 R − (−1, 1) þ u g(x).
∞
9. Qã¿y² . L0 Hospital {K.
∞
10. ™•.

18
 14. ®ŒÆ 2013 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ^…ÜÂñOKy² Rn þ k•CX½n.

2. f (x) = sin x + x2 + 1 3 0 NCk‡¼ê, ¦ (f −1 )(4) (1).

Z
3. a'1 .-‚È© p(x, y)dx + q(x, y)dy, ‰ÑÈ©
Z
p(x, y)dq(x, y)

½Â, ¿‰ÑÜn ŒÈ
OOKÚOŽ•{, y²\ (Ø.
Z x
4. f (x) ´ [−π, π] þ üN¼ê, ½Â F (x) = f (t)dt, y²?¿ x ∈ (−π, π), 4•
−π

F (x + ∆x) − F (x − ∆x)
lim +
∆x→0 2∆x

•3, ¿ u f (x) Fp“?ê Ú.

5. y².‚KF¥Š½n, ¿‰Ñ§ ˜‡A^.

6. fn (x) ´ [0, +∞) þ˜—k. Z¼ê , ¿…3?¿ 4«mþ˜—Âñu f (x). éu?¿ ½ n, fn (x)
∞
´üN4O½ö4~ ¼ê. q g(x)dx Âñ. y²: f (x)g(x) † fn (x)g(x) Ñ3 [0, +∞) þŒÈ, ¿…k
0
Z +∞ Z +∞
lim fn (x)g(x)dx = f (x)g(x)dx.
n→+∞ 0 0

7. f (x, y) ½Â3 [a, b] × [c, d] þ, …éu?¿ ½ y, f (x, y) 3 [a, b] þŒÈ. q ∀  > 0, ∃ δ > 0 ?¿
|x1 − x2 | < δ ž, é?¿ y, k |f (x1 , y) − f (x2 , y)| < , y²
Z d
p(x) = f (x, y)dy
c

3 [a, b] þŒÈ.
Z b
q(y) = f (x, y)dx
a

3 [c, d] þŒÈ, …È©ƒ .

+∞
X
8. ‘?ê ai Âñ, bn → 0 (n → +∞). y²:
i=1

lim (a1 bn + a2 bn−1 + · · · + an b1 ) = 0.

n→+∞

9. ^ü«•{òÈ© ZZ
xydxdy
w

z¤\gÈ©, Ù¥ w ´ y = x2 , x + y = 2, x ¶Œ¤ «•.

10. ™•.

19
 15. ®ŒÆ 2014 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. Qã¢êS {xn } Cauchy Âñ n, ¿…¦^ Bolzano − Weierstrass (Å ì-Ÿ dA.d) ½ny
².

2. S {xn } ÷v
√
x1 = 1, xn+1 = 4 + 3xn , n = 1, 2, · · ·
y²dS Âñ¿¦4•.

3. OŽ ZZZ p
x2 + y 2 dxdydz.
Ω
p
Ù¥ Ω ´-¡ z = x2 + y 2 † z = 1 Œ¤ k.«•.

4. y²¼ê‘?ê
+∞
X 2
x3 e−nx
n=1

3 [0, +∞) ˜—Âñ.

5. ?Ø?ê
+∞
X π
ln cos
n=3
n
ñÑ5.

6. ¼ê f : Rn → R 3 Rn \0 Œ‡, 3 0 :ëY, …
∂f (p)
lim = 0, i = 1, 2, · · · , n.
p→0 ∂xi
y² f 3 0 ?Œ‡.

7. f (x), g(x) ´ [0, 1] þ ëY¼ê, … sup f (x) = sup g(x). y²•3 x0 ∈ [0, 1], ¦
x∈[0,1] x∈[0,1]

ef (x0 ) + 3f (x0 ) = eg(x0 ) + 3g(x0 ).

8. P
Ω = {p ∈ R3 | |p| ≤ 1},
∂V1 ∂V2 ∂V3
V : R3 → R3 , V = (V1 , V2 , V3 ) ´ C 1 •þ|, V 3 R3 \Ω ð• 0, + + 3 R3 ð• 0.
ZZZ ∂x ∂y ∂z
(1) e f : R3 → R ´ C 1 ¼ê, ¦ ∇f · V dxdydz.
ZZZ Ω

(2) ¦ V1 dxdydz.
Ω

9. f : R → R ´k.ëY¼ê, ¦ Z +∞
t
lim+ f (x) dx.
t→0 −∞ t2 + x2

10. f : [0, 1] → [0, 1] ´ C ¼ê, f (0) = f (1) = 0, … f 00 (x) < 0, ∀ x ∈ [0, 1]. P-‚
2

{(x, f (x)) | x ∈ [0, 1]}

l•´ L. y² L < 3.

20
 16. ®ŒÆ 2015 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. OŽ Rx 2

0
e−t dt − x
lim .
x→0+ sin x − x

2. ?Ø2ÂÈ© Z +∞    
1 1
ln 1 + − sin dx
1 x x
ñÑ5.

3. ¼ê
2
 p
 1 − cos x

x2 + y 2 , y 6= 0;
f (x, y) = y

0, y = 0.

f (x, y) 3 (0, 0) Œ‡í? y²\ (Ø.

4. OŽ Z
ex [(1 − cos y)dx − (y − sin y)dy].
L

ùp L ´-‚ y = sin x l (0, 0) (π, 0).

5. y²¼ê?ê
∞
X cos nx
n 2+1
n=0

3 (0, 2π) ˜—Âñ, ¿…3 (0, 2π) këY ê.

6.
3 + 2xn
x0 = 1, xn+1 = , n ≥ 0.
3 + xn
y²S {xn } Âñ¿¦Ù4•.

7. ¼ê f ∈ C 2 (R2 ), …é?¿ (x, y) ∈ R2 ,

∂2f ∂2f
(x, y) + (x, y) > 0.
∂x2 ∂y 2

y²: f vk4ŒŠ:.

8. f 3 [a, b] ëY, 3 (a, b) Œ ,…

f (b) − f (a)
f (b) > f (a), c = .
b−a
y²: f 7ä eãü^5Ÿ¥ ˜‡:
(1) ?¿ x ∈ [a, b], k f (x) − f (a) = c(x − a);
(2) •3 ξ ∈ (a, b), ¦ f 0 (ξ) > c.

9. F : R3 → R2 ´ C 1 N , x0 ∈ R3 , y0 ∈ R2 , F (x0 ) = y0 , … F 3 x0 ? Jacobi Ý DF (x0 ) •• 2. y

1 3 0
²: •3 ε > 0 ±9 C N γ(t) : (−ε, ε) → R , ¦ γ (0) ´š"•þ, … F (γ(0)) = y0 .

10. m8 U ⊆ Rn , f : U → Rn ´Ó N , … f 3 U þ˜—ëY. y²:

U = Rn .

21
 17. ®ŒÆ 2016 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 15 ©) ^mCX½ny²4«mþëY¼ê7˜—ëY.

2. ( 15 ©) f (x) ´ [a, b] þ ¢¼ê. Qã'u Riemann Ú

n
X
f (ti )(xi − xi−1 )
i=1

Cauchy OK (Ø^y²) ¿^\Qã Cauchy OKy²4«mþ üN¼êŒÈ.

3. ( 15 ©) (a, b) þ ëY¼ê f (x) k‡¼ê. y²‡¼êëY.

∂f 0 0 0
4. ( 15 ©) f (x1 , x2 , x3 ) ´ C 2 N , (x , x , x ) 6= 0 y²'u f Û¼ê½n x1 = x1 (x2 , x3 ). y²
∂x1 1 2 3
x1 = x1 (x2 , x3 ) gŒ‡¿¦Ñ
∂ 2 x1
∂x2 ∂x3
Lˆª.

5. ( 15 ©) n ≥ m, f : U ⊆ Rn → Rm ´ C 1 N , U •m8… f Jacobi Ý •??• m, y² f ò U ¥

m8N•m8.

6. ( 15 ©)
√ √
x1 = 2, xn+1 = 2 + xn .

y² {xn } Âñ¿¦4•Š.

7. ( 15 ©) y²
Z +∞
sin x
dx
0 x
Âñ¿¦Š. ÑOŽL§.

8. ( 15 ©) (A) y²•3 [a, b] þ õ‘ªS pn (x) ¦

Z b
pi (x)pj (x)dx = δij .
a

¿¦ éu [a, b] þ ëY¼ê f (x) e

Z b
f (x)pn (x)dx = 0, ∀ n,
a

7k f ≡ 0.
+∞ Z
X b
(B) g(x) 3 [a, b] ²•ŒÈ, g 'u A ¥ pn Ъ• g(x) ∼ g(x)pn (x)dx. ¯
n=1 a

"
+∞ Z
#2
Z b X b
g 2 (x)dx = g(x)pn (x)dx
a n=1 a

´Ä¤á.
+∞
X
9. ( 15 ©) ‘?ê an Âñ, lim bn = 0, -
n→+∞
n=1

cn = a1 bn + a2 bn−1 + · · · + an b1 ,

y² cn Âñ¿¦ lim cn .
n→+∞

22
 +∞
X +∞
X
10. ( 15 ©) ˜?ê an xn ÂñŒ»• R, 0 < R < +∞, y² an Rn Âñ ¿‡^‡•
n=1 n=1

+∞
X
a n xn
n=1

3 [0, R) ˜—Âñ.

23
 18. ®ŒÆ 2017 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 10 ©) y²
π
sinn x
Z 2
lim √ dx = 0.
n→+∞ 0 π − 2x
2. ( 10 ©) y²
∞
X 1 x
2
sin α
n=1
1 + nx n
1
3?Ûk•«mþ˜—Âñ ¿‡^‡´ α > .
2
∞
X
3. ( 10 ©) an Âñ. y²
n=1
∞
X ∞
X
lim an n−s = an .
s→0+
n=1 n=1

4. ( 10 ©) ¡ γ(t) = (x(t), y(t)), ( t áu,‡«m I ) ´ R2 þ C 1 •þ| (P (x, y), Q(x, y)) È©-‚, e

x0 (t) = P (γ(t)), y 0 (t) = Q(γ(t)), ∀ t ∈ I.

Px + Qy 3 R2 ??š 0, y²•þ| (P, Q) È©-‚ØŒUµ4 (ü:œ/Ø ).

5. ( 20 ©) b x0 = 1, xn = xn−1 + cos xn−1 (n = 1, 2, · · · ), y²: x → ∞ ž,

 
π 1
xn − = o .
2 nn

6. ( 20 ©) bX f ∈ C[0, 1], …
f (x) − f (0) f (x) − f (1)
lim+ = α < β = lim− .
x→0 x x→1 x−1
f (x2 ) − f (x1 )
y²: ∀ λ ∈ (α, β), ∃ x1 , x2 ∈ [0, 1] ¦ λ= .
x2 − x1
7. ( 20 ©) f ´ (0, +∞) þ ] (½à) ¼ê… lim f (x) •3¿…k•, K lim xf 0 (x) = 0 (=3 f Œ
x→+∞ x→+∞
:•Ä4•L§).

8. ( 20 ©) φ ∈ C 3 (R3 ), φ 9Ùˆ‡ ê ∂i φ (i = 1, 2, 3) 3: X0 ∈ R3 ? ŠÑ´ 0. X0 : δ •P•

2
Uδ (δ > 0). XJ (∂ij φ(X0 ))3×3 ´î‚ ½ , K δ ¿© ž, y²Xe4••3¿¦ƒ:
ZZZ
3
lim t 2 e−tφ(x1 ,x2 ,x3 ) dx1 dx2 dx3 .
t→+∞
Uδ

9. ( 30 ©) ò (0, π) þ~Š¼ê f (x) = 1 ?1±Ï 2π Ûòÿ¿Ð• u?ê:

∞
4X 1
f (x) ∼ sin(2n − 1)x.
π n=1 2n − 1

2 x sin 2nt
Z
T Fourier ?ê c n ‘ÚP• Sn (x), K ∀ x ∈ (0, π), Sn (x) = dt, … lim Sn (x) = 1. y²
π 0 sin t n→∞
π
Sn (x) •ŒŠ:´ …
2n
2 π sin t
π  Z
lim Sn = dt.
n→∞ 2n π 0 t

24
 19. ®ŒÆ 2018 cïÄ)\Æ•ÁÁKêÆ©Û

o
‡&ú¯Ò: sxkyliyang
1. ( 30 ©) y²±eS 4•:
Z 1 n
sinn (x)

(1) lim 1 + dx = +∞.
n→∞ 0 xn
1 n ∞
sin(xn ) (−1)k
Z Y  
(2) lim dx = exp .
n→∞ 0 xn n=1
2k(2k + 1)!
n
k2 − k
 
1X π
(3) lim log 1 + 2
= log 2 + 2 − .
n→∞ n n 2
k=1

f (x2 ) − f (x1 ) f (x4 ) − f (x3 )

2. ( 10 ©) f ∈ C(0, 1), α = < β = , x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ∈ (0, 1). ¦yéz‡
x2 − x1 x4 − x3
λ ∈ (α, β), •3 x5 , x6 ∈ (0, 1) ¦
f (x6 ) − f (x5 )
λ= .
x6 − x5

3. ( 10 ©) A < B ´ R3 ü:, γ ´± A, B •à: 1w-‚. l•• L, U ´˜‡•¹ γ m8, f ´ U

þëYŒ‡ ¼ê, § FÝ•þ þ.´ M . ¦y

|f (A) − f (B)| ≤ M L.

4. ( 20 ©) f 3 (0, 0) NCn Œ‡, OŽ

ZZ
1
lim+ (f (x, y) − f (0, 0))dxdy.
R→0 R4
x2 +y 2 ≤R2

5. ( 20 ©) y = ϕ(x) 3 0 :Œ , ϕ(0) = 0, f 3 (0, 0) NC ëYŒ‡, … ∇f (x, ϕ(x)) = 0, … f 3 (0, 0)

Hessian Œ ½š". ¦y f 3 (0, 0) 4 Š.

6. ( 20 ©) y²•§ e−x + cos(2x) + x sin(x) = 0 3z‡ ((2n − 1)π, (2n + 1)π) STkü‡Š x2n−1 < x2n , y
²e 4••3¿¦ƒ:
lim (−1)n n(xn − nπ).
n→∞

7. ( 20 ©) y²
∞
X cos(nx)
lim = +∞.
x→0
n=1
n

8. ( 20 ©) 3 [1, +∞) þ, f (x) > 0, f 00 (x) ≤ 0, f (+∞) = +∞, y²±e4••3¿¦ƒ:

∞
X (−1)n
lim+ .
s→0
n=1
f s (n)

25