Bolted beam to column connections — Design steps STEP1C PLASTIC DISTRIBUTION LIMIT PLASTIC DISTRIBUTION LIMIT The UK NA states that a plastic distribution can be Realising the full tensile resistance of more than one S8Umed (L¢. there is sufficient ductity) when either: ball sow requires significant ductiity in the Bo TOW eg ga furthest trom the centre of rotaton. Where the /** resistance depends on the deformation of the T-stubs or In bending (Modes 1 or 2), suffcient ductity is generally available. if the connection is nat ductile, wake the bolt row forces must be limited (ine force in any” 78, lower row must not exceed a value pro rata to the distance from the centre of rotation, the compression oF flange}. This is commanly referred to as a "tiangular limit to bait forces — see Figure 26. Fans is the effective design tension resistance of one of the previous (higher) bolt rows x Fins isthe design tension resistance of an individual Bott is the end plate thickness Is the column flange thickness is the diameter of the bolt is the design strength of the end plate is the design strength of the column flange (= fhe for aralled section) is the ultimate tensile strength of the bolt (referred to in the NA as f,) The first limit ensures that Mode 3 does not gave (other than for the first bolt row). The second and ‘third limits ensure that, even if Mode 3 governs, there is significant deformation in the T-stub on at least one h neon pare ae If 8 plastic distribution cannot be assumed (Le. none ‘of the criteria are met). then the resistance of each lower bolt row r ftom that point on must be limited, such that: Fons where: fh, isthe distance of bolt row x {the bot row furthest from the centre of compression that has a design tension resistance greater than 1.9 Fie) Full depth enc plate fy te the distance ofthe bolt row ¢ fram the centre Figure 2.6 Triangular limit to bolt forces ‘of compression ‘The centre of compression is taken as the centre line ‘of the beam flange {see STEP 2) and the ‘triangular’ limé originates there, as shown in Figure 2.6.