Itopride - increases acetylcholine concentrations by inhibiting dopamine D2 receptors

and acetylcholinesterase. Higher acetylcholine increases GI peristalsis, increases the lower

esophageal sphincter pressure, stimulates gastric motility, accelerates gastric emptying, and improves
gastro-duodenal coordination. Studies suggest that Itopride also raises levels of motilin, somatostatin and
lowers levels of cholecystokinin, as well as adrenocorticotropic hormone.
- Prokinetic benzamide derivative
- Prokinetic agents, or prokinetics, are medications that help control acid reflux.
Prokinetics help strengthen the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and cause the contents
of the stomach to empty faster.
- dual mechanism of itopride, acetylcholine esterase inhibitory action and antagonistic
activity on dopamine D2 receptor, which is known to inhibit activities of acetylcholine,
seems to make this drug effective on promoting the esophageal and gastrointestinal
movement and on improving acid clearance. It has been known that the threshold of
itopride to promote gastrointestinal motility is higher than that of cisapride,
metoclopramide and domperidone.
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2. AMIKACIN – Drug class: `Aminoglycosides