1. What are the main characteristics of break bulk cargo?

Break bulk cargo is transported in bags, bales, boxes, crates, drums, sacks, cartons, cases, tins
(cans), kegs or barrels.
break bulk cargo is anything that cannot be containerized, and that must be loaded individually
(not in bulk – like oil and wheat)
disadvantage -The biggest disadvantage with breakbulk is that it requires more resources at the
wharves at both ends of a ship's journey—longshoremen, loading cranes, warehouses, transport
vehicles—and often takes up more dock space due to multiple vessels carrying multiple loads of
breakbulk cargo.

2. What are the main characteristics of neo-bulk cargo?

Neo-bulk cargo- means not packed in containers.
For examples – vehicles, timber, livestock, paper products, steel rods, heavy machinery
Vehicles- carried by Ro-Ro ships
Livestock-criticized due to conditions onboard with other crowding
Paper products- may not in contact with rain,snow, seawether.

3. What are the main characteristics of containerized cargo?

Containerized cargo- cargo packed and transport in containers
The characteristics of containerized cargo-
1-standartized
2- safe
3-packed
4- diverse
5- unitized
. Containerized cargo is cargo complying with all of the following conditions:
1. The cargo units are placed into the containers.
2. The cargo units are pre-assembled in such a manner that they do not need to be
rearranged at the port zone or on the vessel.
3. The weight of each unit is predetermined.
Containerized cargoes can be very diverse

4. What design features are peculiar to general cargo ships?

1-hatch coaming
2 cargo segregation
3 loading/unloading facility
4 derrick
tween deck 5

5. What lifting appliances are used for loading/discharging unitized cargoes?

There are: cargo net, sling, pallet, lasing

6. What container sizes and types are there in shipping?

There are
1- 10 foot
2- 20foot
3- 40foot
4- 45 foot
 5- 48foot
6- 53 foot
Dry-van box, open-top, reefer, tunk, bulk, flat-rock

7. What design features are peculiar to container ships?

On container ship there are- wing tank, lashing bridge,cell guide, cellular hold

8. What is a bay-row-tier system?

) bay means a container block in the transverse direction
row means a container block in the longitudinal direction
tier means a vertical layer of containers
1Each container can be found by bay plan
2 The tier number is given from the ship bottom to the ship top

9. How are containers stowed in holds?

Before loading containers in cell guides, it is important to make sure that the guides are not bent
or deformed.
Containers can easily be stowed in box-shaped holds.
containers held in place by cell guides.
Twenty-foot containers may be stowed in 40-foot bays.
This arrangement requires longitudinal and transverse support for the containers where they meet
at the mid-length position.

10. What lashing equipment is used for securing containers on deck?

This – turnbuckle, twistlock, lashing plate, lasing rod, D-ring, raised socket, dovetail foundation
There is lashing bridge.