Research Format

Bataan Heroes College
Department of Engineering and Architecture

Bachelor of Science in Architecture
Regional Sport Complex

A regional sports complex is a large-scale facility designed to accommodate a wide range
of sporting activities and events within a specific geographic region. It typically includes
multiple sports fields, courts, or arenas, along with ancillary amenities and infrastructure to
support the needs of athletes, spectators, and organizers. These complexes are often developed
and maintained by regional authorities, sports organizations, or private entities to serve as a
central hub for sports and recreational activities in the area.
The specific features and components of a regional sports complex can vary depending
on its size, purpose, and local requirements. However, some common elements found in such
complexes may include:
1. Sports fields and courts: These can include soccer fields, baseball or softball diamonds,
basketball courts, tennis courts, volleyball courts, etc., catering to a variety of sports.
2. Stadiums or arenas: Large seating areas with a central field or court, designed to host
major sporting events, tournaments, or matches.
3. Indoor facilities: Enclosed spaces for sports such as basketball, volleyball, badminton,
indoor soccer, or ice hockey, allowing year-round play regardless of weather conditions.
4. Training and practice areas: Dedicated spaces equipped with specialized facilities like
batting cages, pitching mounds, gymnasiums, fitness centers, or swimming pools.
5. Support facilities: Amenities like locker rooms, showers, restrooms, concessions,
spectator seating, ticketing areas, parking lots, and administrative offices to ensure
smooth operations and convenience for participants and spectators.
6. Event infrastructure: Facilities for media coverage, including press boxes, interview
rooms, broadcast booths, and camera platforms.
7. Multi-purpose spaces: Flexible areas that can be adapted for different purposes, such as
meeting rooms, conference halls, banquet facilities, or exhibition spaces.
Regional sports complexes aim to foster sports participation, promote physical fitness,
and provide a platform for competitive sports within a specific region. They often host local,
regional, or even national sporting events, attracting athletes, spectators, and tourism to the area
while contributing to the overall development of sports in the region.
A Proposed Regional Sports Complex

Zildjian R. Tumbaga 1
Case study
Fuyang Yinhu Sports Center / UAD
Fuyang Yinhu Sports Center is ready for the arrival of the Asian Games, the sustainable
operation after the Games, and the evaluation from all walks of life. The design team of the
Architectural Design & Research Institute of Zhejiang University adheres to the design concept
of "realizing green Asian Games through economic means and constructing cultural Asian
Games through low-tech means". On the basis of respecting professional sports technology
requirements, combining the landscape intention with Fuyang characteristics, as well as adopting
a simple form, a compact spatial layout, environmentally friendly building materials, low-tech
construction means, and sustainable venue facilities, the competition venues (sites) for shooting,
archery, and modern pentathlon during the Asian Games are designed, aiming at successfully
implementing the holding purpose of "green, intelligence, conciseness and civilization" of the
Asian Games. With a land area of 275,182m2 and a floor area of 85,840.7m2, this project is one
of the 12 newly built venues for the 19th Asian Games in 2023. At that time, the three major
events of shooting, archery, and modern pentathlon in the Asian Games will be held here.
Estuari Sport Complex / archicentre

The Estuari Sports Centre is a new sports facility. Arranged over two levels, the building is
formed by two large open volumes at lower ground and upper levels, which sandwich a
transparent see-through public entry space. The building hosts different functions a private club
for get-together activities for the local community, indoor and outdoor sports, a swimming pool,
martial arts studio, a multipurpose room, a gym & yoga room, a sauna, and other facilities It will
cater for conferences, exhibitions, and weddings. Outdoor facilities include the FINA-compliant
swimming pool and Tennis courts for international tournaments such as the ATP Malaysian Open
& SUKMA Johor
Drusus Stadium in Bolzano / gmp Architects

After three years of construction, the refurbishment, conversion, and upgrade of the
Drusus Stadium in the center of the city of Bolzano has been completed. Following a
qualification competition, the project was awarded to architects Dejaco + Partner from Brixen in
close cooperation and in partnership with gmp and Bergmeister Consulting Engineers from
Vahrn. The design was jointly produced by Meinhard von Gerkan and Stephan Schütz with Ralf
Dejaco.
The province of South Tyrol and the City of Bolzano have invested about 15 million euros in the
project to adapt the stadium dating from 1936 to today’s professional football requirements. It is
used for the home games of FC Südtirol. Even though the club’s base is in Bolzano, it is
considered to represent all of South Tyrol and, a year ago, managed to achieve promotion to the
second Italian league. In order to fulfill the criteria of Serie B, the stadium had to be thoroughly
overhauled. During the initial construction phase, the first step was to refurbish the stadium and
increase the number of seats from 3,100 to 5,500. Both grandstands were made longer and
extended down to the field to achieve this. The historic parts of the Drusus Stadium were
retained as much as possible. Completely new, however, is the field with heated natural turf, a
requirement of the Lega Calcio, which makes it possible to use the field also in winter.

E- Sport And Sport Facilities
Design concept
the building will be an L shape
The roof will be shape as shed roof type on the left and right

While on the middle is a flat roof type, so that the shape of the building will shape like a fire.
Case Study on Esport facility
China Hangzhou E-sports Center / CSADI

Hangzhou E-sports center is located in Beijingyuan Ecological Park at the southern foot
of Gaoting Mountain in Hangzhou, China. It is the first standard stadium for Asian Games E-
sports competitions in China after E-sports is confirmed as an official competition event of the
2022 Hangzhou Asian Games.
Harmonious Co-existence - This is a public place integrating a sports venue and
ecological park. The sunken plazas and courtyards around the building bring sunlight and air to
the underground space, providing a pleasant place for the outdoor display and for people to
communicate and rest.
Breaking Limitations - The main body of the building adopts the method of sinking,
burying most of the building space in the ground, and minimizing the volume of the ground. At
the same time, fully considering the ground car-free, people and vehicles are introduced into the
venue from underground in a three-dimensional way, effectively breaking the shackles of
complex traffic conditions around the venue.
The Beauty of Movement - CSADI focuses on the "interstellar vortex"-like motion
trajectory between celestial bodies in the galaxy caused by gravity, and displays this concept
vividly in the design of the appearance and surrounding landscape of the center of the e-sports.
Aerial Walkway - The architectural form was cut by an aerial walkway that spiraled up
among the blocks The strolling path between rooms leads people slowly to the sky garden at the
top of the building.
Architectural Surface - The skin of the E-sports center is covered by a hyperboloid
anodized honeycomb aluminum plate. Against the sky, the facade presents a slight reflection of
the surrounding environment. With the conversion of different angles of the curved surfaces and
the movement of people's viewpoints, the "weight" of buildings is gradually reduced.
Structural Order - The appearance of the main stadium is associated with the alien
visitors, and the ultimate technical aesthetics seems to be completely beyond people's
expectations. However, the logic of its internal structure follows the laws of nature.
Green Ecology - The main stadium adapts to the local climate through the far-reaching
cornice, using the building's self-shading and adjustable external shading system. The
electrochromic glass skylight on the roof automatically adjusts the amount of heat radiation
entering the building by sensing the outdoor temperature, providing a comfortable indoor
environment for spectators.
E-Sport arena
Electronic sports, better known as esports, is a global growing entertainment industry in
today’s digital culture using competitive video gaming. Unlike traditional physical sports, esports
identifies as a professional sport with teams of gamers identified as virtual professional players.
However, the entire spectrum of video games is not classified as professional esports. Esports is
classified by organized competitive multiplayer games connected over a local area network
(LANs) or wi-fi with an audience of spectators. With the growing online network and rapid
technological advancement, esports is becoming a fast-growing international phenomenon.

Although esports has become controversial over whether it should be considered a professional
sport as it requires little true physical activity, esports continue to emulate traditional sport
traditions. Similar to traditional sports in the real world, esports offers broadcasting for viewing,
professional rankings, tournaments, endorsements and scholarships, and cultural fandoms.
Esports is defined as “an area of sport activities in which people develop and train mental
or physical abilities in the use of information and communication technologies” in a digital
world.
ESports turns online gaming into a spectator sport. It mimics the experience of watching
a professional sporting event, except instead of watching a physical event, spectators watch
video gamers compete against each other. The eSports trend has become so widespread in recent
years that games can often be viewed at an organized arena event.
As with traditional sports, these games are broken down into competitive leagues and
tournaments.
The birth of the term “esports” started in 1972 with Stanford University’s Spacewar!
Competition. Esports then was born in the eastern world starting in South Korea with the first
StarCraft tournament in 1998 and the growth of computer cafes.6 With the worldwide
networking and convergence of culture and technology, esports became popular in all countries
like the United States, China, South Korea, Sweden, and Denmark. Over two decades, esports
evolved as a fast-growing entertainment industry that generated over 256 million global viewers
and an estimated revenue of nearly $1.9 billion in 2019. as a global phenomenon, esports is more
likely to draw a more millennial audience compared to other entertainment industries and
traditional sports.
Esports vs. Traditional Sports: A Comparison Spectators of esports and traditional sports
share similar motives in a context of a physical sporting event. Gamer fans streaming an esports
tournament online from their phone or computer is similar to sport fans watching the game on
their TV. Esports fans and traditional sports fans share common social motives; Like sport fans,
esports fans like seeing their favorite player in action. Esports fans are motivated to attend
gaming events in person at venues to cheer for their teams just like how sport fans at sporting
games. The design needs for esports and traditional sports are different. Spaces for traditional
sports features seating design and factors related to the specific sport. Esports, on the other hand,
heavily rely on theatrical experiences for spectators and players. The ambiance of an esports
event heightens fans with the artificial lighting, sound acoustics, broadcasting screen, and high-
technology devices. This massive social activity needs a building typology that meets the criteria
for esports and promotes culture of inclusiveness.
The amount of room needed for e-sports competitions might vary depending on the particular
game, the number of competitors, and the sort of event. Here are some broad criteria for many e-
sports topics, though:
1. Gaming Stations: Each player normally needs their own personal gaming station, which
should include a computer or gaming console, a monitor(s), a keyboard, a mouse, and a
headset. The amount of room needed for each station varies on the equipment's size and
the players' preferred level of comfort.

2. Tournament Area: To allow several gaming stations for players during live e-sport
competitions, a specified space is required. The amount of competition will determine
how many stations there will be. In order to ensure players' comfort and avoid
distractions, there should also be enough spacing between stations.
3. Spectator Area: If there will be spectators at the e-sport event, there should be a
designated space or seating arrangement for them. This area need to provide unobstructed
views of the gaming activity and any additional screens or displays that show game-
related data.
4. Streaming and Commentary: If the e-sport competition is being televised or live-
streamed, room may be needed for the production crew, camera operators, and
commentators. This space needs to be set up to offer spectators the best possible audio
and visual experience.
5. Backstage Area: To administer the event, the tournament's production team, technical
personnel, and staff should have a place to work behind the scenes. There might be a
control room, equipment storage, and administrative offices in this area.
6. Facilities for the audience: If the e-sport event has a sizable crowd, extra amenities like
restrooms, food and beverage stands, and seating places should be available to meet the
demands of the spectators.
It's essential to keep in mind that the precise area needs will change depending on the size of the
e-sport event, the number of competitors and spectators, and the available resources. Major e-
sport competitions are frequently hosted at convention halls or specialized e-sports stadiums that
have enough space for all the required equipment.
Space requirements
1. Entry
2. Spectator area
3. Stage
4. Tournament area
5. Studio
6. Player lounge
7. Post-production office
8. Broadcasting room
9. Server room
10. Equipment storage

Case Study on Archery field
Archery Center / Atelier Phileas

Its implantation is justified by the need to orientate the outdoor shooting lanes and the targets,
north. All the outdoor facilities and, for the most part, the vegetal knoll, are designed like a
continuation of the building. he setting of the building in the middle of the trees and vegetation:
The construction disperse behind the trees, the natural aspect of the site is preserved. The offices,
glassed-in all story height, benefit of an exceptional surroundings and a privileged view in the
trees.
Field archery
Field archery is the practice of shooting at fixed circular targets of various sizes that are placed
around a course of natural terrain at various heights, distances, and angles.
At targets that are colored yellow and black, archers shoot from a distance of 5 to 60 meters. The
ability to estimate the range of the target is useful since the distances of the targets can be
marked (known to the archer) or unmarked (unknown to the archer).
Field craft refers to the additional abilities needed for success in field archery, such as distance
estimation, shooting uphill and downhill, adjusting to shifting lighting conditions, and navigating
difficult terrain.
Every two years, World Archery hosts the World Archery Field Championships, an international
competition for field archers. The first one was held in 1969.
Space guidelines
a. Before the shooting line
Archery GB guidelines stipulate three zones before the shooting line; they allow for
equipment, waiting and shooting. Ideally each of the areas should be 5m in depth
although for many clubs this is impractical given other space considerations and
throughout the drawings that follow a space of 3m has generally been adopted
b. Between the lines

Archery GB’s minimum standards refer to a space per archer of 80cm. However, in the
following drawings 1.2m per person has been adopted. This may be reduced to the
minimum if required to accommodate more archers but 1.2m is felt to be preferable.
c. Shooting length of the range

Competition standards stipulate a shooting distance of 18m at an indoor range. This
complies with AGB and World Archery requirements for standard indoor archery at a
competition level; however, it is a commonly cited wish of archers to be able to shoot
over longer distances and a 25m firing distance is an ideal that is shared by many.
d. Within the range
Forward of the shooting line there is a 3m line which indicates a ‘no shot’ zone. Should
an archer’s arrow drop within this area it is deemed not to have been fired. In the event
that more than one distance is being shot at the same time within a range they must all
use the same shooting line – no one should ever be stood in front / forward of someone
else with a bow. The same venue may, for example, be in use for recreational archery at a

distance of 15m, standard competition at 18m and over an extended distance of 25m –
irrespective of the distances involved, archers should be stood alongside and never in
front / forward of one another.
e. Use of vertical baffles/boards

In certain indoor settings there may be a need to utilize boards/baffles to the side of the
range or, dependent on the building, between lanes if there are protruding columns/
pillars that could be hit by /deflect an arrow. This will, however, inevitably reduce the
shooting width of the range.
f. Building, window heights and lighting conditions

As a general rule an indoor range should have an internal clearance of 3m or higher.
Window heights will inevitably vary, especially where older properties are to be adapted.
Consequently, side windows below a height of 2m should be protected by a cover/shield.
Indoor lighting is not as significant an issue as might at first be thought. Outdoor lighting
on a good clear day is around 10,000 lux, however, indoor levels are often much lower.
For example, the lux level for badminton, 500, is significantly higher than that required
for archery, which is as low as 50 in the shooting zone and 100 at the target.
g. To the back of the range

Indoor archery – a backstop net is often used to ‘catch’ arrows and thus to protect both
arrow and wall from collision damage. This is obviously important in convincing venue

managers/owners to makes their premises available. Irrespective of the presence of a

backstop net no-one must ever enter this zone while shooting is in progress.
Space requirements
1. Entry
2. Spectators seating
3. Toilet he she
4. Storage area
5. Archery seating
6. Equipment area
7. Waiting line
8. Shooting line
9. Director of shooting
10. Target and stands
11. Arrow curtain
12. Timers
Case study for Bowling alley

Kegelbahn Wülknitz Bowling & Sports Facilities / KO/OK Architektur
The small Saxon community of Wülknitz is located halfway between Leipzig and Dresden in the
Elbe Valley. There, ESV Lok Wülknitz e. V., the local sports and ninepin bowling club, used to
practise on a ninepin bowling alley in an old barracks at the edge of the village. In 2016, the
local council decreed to build a new ninepin bowling alley and made a call for tenders. The aim
of the competition was to concentrate both fields of the club’s sports activities — ninepin
bowling and football — in the village centre and thereby consolidate the club’s function as a
social venue and haven in this rural community.
Bowling alley
Bowling alleys are recreational facilities that provide a space for people to play the sport
of bowling. The design standards, space requirements, and guidelines for bowling alleys vary
based on factors such as the number of lanes, type of bowling (ten-pin, five-pin, candlepin, etc.),
and local regulations. However, I can provide you with some general information on the topic.
Please note that specific details may vary, and it is always recommended to consult with local
authorities and industry experts when planning a bowling alley project.
1. Space Requirements:
 The total area required for a bowling alley depends on the number of lanes and
the layout. On average, a single bowling lane requires approximately 87 feet in

length and 12 feet in width. Therefore, a standard bowling alley with ten lanes
would need an area of around 12,000 to 15,000 square feet.
 In addition to the lanes, space is required for seating, equipment storage,
restrooms, a reception area, and other amenities. The exact layout will depend on
the specific design and the services you plan to offer.
2. Lane Design and Specifications:
 The lanes themselves have specific requirements. They should be level and
constructed of durable materials such as wood or synthetic surfaces. The length
from the foul line to the pins should be 60 feet for ten-pin bowling.
 Each lane requires gutters on both sides to catch wayward balls. The width of the
gutters should be around 9.25 inches.
 A ball return system should be incorporated, typically located behind the pins or
on the side of the lane, to bring the balls back to the players.
 Bowling lane approaches should be made of a non-slip material, and there should
be a clear approach area of at least 15 feet in length.
3. Seating and Viewing Areas:
 Seating arrangements for spectators should be provided. This can include rows of
benches, individual seats, or booths. The seating should provide a clear view of
the lanes and scoring screens.
 Consider providing additional seating areas near the lanes for bowlers to rest
between frames or games.
4. Lighting and Acoustics:
 Adequate lighting is crucial for visibility on the lanes. Bright, consistent lighting
is preferred, with minimized shadows and glare.
 Acoustic considerations are important to ensure a pleasant atmosphere. Bowling
alleys can be noisy, so incorporating sound-absorbing materials on walls, ceilings,
and floors can help reduce excessive noise levels.
5. Accessibility and Safety:
 Compliance with local building codes and accessibility guidelines is essential to
ensure that the facility is accessible to all individuals, including those with
disabilities.
 Adequate signage and lighting should be provided to guide patrons through the
facility and ensure their safety.
6. Amenities and Ancillary Spaces:

 Additional amenities may include a reception area, lockers or storage spaces for
bowlers, restrooms, a pro shop for equipment sales and rentals, a snack bar or
restaurant, and arcade or game areas.
Perspectives
Billiards
Billiards is a broad term that refers to a family of cue sports played on a flat, rectangular
table with raised edges, typically covered in a green cloth. The term "billiards" can be used
interchangeably with "cue sports" or "pool" in some contexts, but it can also refer to specific
variations of the game.
The primary objective in billiards is to use a long, tapered stick called a cue to strike balls on
the table, manipulating them to score points or achieve certain goals. The most common forms of
billiards include:
1. Pool: Pool is a popular form of billiards played with numbered object balls (solid and
striped) and a cue ball. The objective varies depending on the game variation, but
typically involves pocketing the object balls in a specific order or pattern.
2. Snooker: Snooker is a more complex and strategic version of billiards, played on a larger
table with smaller pockets and a larger set of balls. It is played with 21 object balls and a
cue ball. The objective is to score points by pocketing specific colored balls in a
predetermined sequence.

3. Carom Billiards: Carom, also known as carambole, is a billiard game played with three
balls—a red object ball, a white cue ball, and a yellow object ball. The objective is to
score points by hitting both object balls with the cue ball in a single shot, making contact
with cushions or other balls.
Billiards is a sport that requires skill, precision, and strategy. It can be played casually for
recreation or professionally in competitive tournaments. The rules and specific variations of
billiards may differ depending on the region, organization, or specific game being played.
When it comes to organizing a billiard tournament and designing the space requirements,
there are several factors to consider. While specific guidelines may vary depending on the
governing body or the type of tournament, I can provide you with some general information and
considerations for organizing a billiard tournament and designing the space requirements.
1. Table Layout:
 The standard size of a pool table is typically 9 feet by 4.5 feet for professional
tournaments. However, smaller tables (7 or 8 feet) are also used for recreational or
amateur tournaments.
 Each table should have adequate space around it to allow players to move comfortably
and accommodate spectators.
 The tables should be arranged in a way that minimizes interference between adjacent
games, ensuring players have enough space for their shots.
2. Lighting:

Sufficient lighting is crucial for players to see the table and balls clearly. Ideally, a
combination of ambient lighting and overhead table lighting should be used to
eliminate shadows and provide uniform illumination across the playing surface.
 The lighting should be positioned in a way that it does not cause glare or
reflections on the balls or the table surface, which can affect gameplay.
3. Seating and Spectator Area:
 Provide ample seating arrangements for players and spectators. This can include
chairs or benches around each table and additional seating in designated spectator
areas.
 The spectator area should have a clear view of the tables and allow spectators to
comfortably watch the games without obstructing players or causing distractions.
4. Safety and Accessibility:

 Ensure that the tournament space meets safety standards, including fire safety
regulations, emergency exits, and clear pathways for evacuation.
 Consider accessibility for individuals with disabilities, providing ramps or other
accommodations as needed.
5. Equipment and Amenities:
 Each table should be equipped with appropriate cues, chalk, and a rack for the
balls. Provide a designated area for players to store their personal cues.
 Consider additional amenities like restrooms, refreshment areas, and space for
tournament officials, scorekeepers, or referees.
6. Noise Control:
 Billiard tournaments can generate significant noise, especially with a large
number of participants. Implement noise control measures such as sound-
absorbing panels or acoustic treatments to minimize distractions and provide a
conducive environment for players.
7. Space Allocation:
 Determine the number of tables required based on the tournament format,
expected number of participants, and the duration of the event. Ensure there is
enough space to accommodate all the necessary tables without overcrowding.
 Consider additional space for warm-up tables, practice areas, or side events if
applicable.
8. Temperature and Climate Control:
 Maintain a comfortable temperature within the tournament space to ensure players
can focus without being too hot or too cold. Proper ventilation or air conditioning
may be necessary, depending on the location and climate.
Chess
a board game of strategic skill for two players, played on a checkered board. Each player begins
the game with sixteen pieces that are moved and used to capture opposing pieces according to

precise rules. The object is to put the opponent's king under a direct attack from which escape is
impossible ( checkmate ).
Although esports has become controversial over whether it should be considered a professional
sport as it requires little true physical activity, esports continue to emulate traditional sport
traditions. Similar to traditional sports in the real world, esports offers broadcasting for viewing,
professional rankings, tournaments, endorsements and scholarships, and cultural fandoms.
Esports is defined as “an area of sport activities in which people develop and train mental or
physical abilities in the use of information and communication technologies” in a digital world.
There should be a minimum of 2.5 meters between rows of players. It is best not to have long,
unbroken rows. Where possible, players should play on individual tables at least for top boards
or top matches in the events.
Basic tournament hall placement styles

Space requirements
1. Playing area
2. Tournament organization
3. Spectators area
4. Storage
5. Toilet: he/she

Case Study on Sport Stadium

MAD Architects: Building Connection To The Landscape
When the Quzhou Sports Park project was completed in China, it became the largest earth-
sheltered complex ever built. In his conversation with ArchDaily, Ma Yansong explained that
MAD Architects was not only focused on completing the stadium proposal, but also on creating
an architecture that disappears. Unique fields become architectural spaces where anyone can do
anything at any moment.

"We need a space for people to relax, to have a moment to dive into another dimension of space
and time. They can have their spiritual world. I want this space to be engaging and inviting,
encouraging interaction with the public, not just for races or sports," said Ma Yansong.
“We find it important to create the layers of space and let people experience different
atmospheres. It has some contrast because the outside is very soft and natural. But when
you go inside, it has this heaviness and structural logic. I find this is a discovery process.”
— Ma Yansong
In terms of materials, the building is very simple. MAD Architects used concrete for the
foundation and a light steel structure for the roof. The concrete system beneath the earth-
sheltered space is not visible from the outside. Visitors will notice the large span of the steel roof,
the translucent light-emitting membrane material wrapped around it, and the few support points
that make it appear unsupported, like a floating cloud floating on a green mountain range with a
light gesture. When entering the building, the 60 sets of concrete column walls that support the
stadium are composed of exposed wood-grained fair-faced concrete sheet walls arranged in
rhythmic rows, forming the internal structure of a green earth-sheltered artificial mountain. The
space's solidity and strength contrast with the lightness felt in the exterior space, resulting in a
spatial hierarchy.
Football (Soccer):
Football, also known as soccer in some countries, is a team sport played between two teams of
eleven players each. The objective of the game is to score goals by kicking the ball into the
opposing team's net. The game is played on a rectangular field, typically made of grass or
artificial turf, with goals at each end. Players use any part of their body except their arms and
hands (with some exceptions for the goalkeeper) to control and move the ball. Football is one of
the most popular sports worldwide.
Track and Field:
Track and field is a collection of athletic events that are usually held on an oval-shaped running
track, as well as other areas within the stadium. It includes various running, jumping, and
throwing events. Some of the events in track and field include sprints (100m, 200m, 400m),
middle-distance and long-distance races (800m, 1500m, 5000m), hurdles, relays, long jump, high
jump, triple jump, shot put, discus throw, javelin throw, and pole vault, among others. Track and
field competitions are a prominent part of the Olympic Games.

Space Standards:
Space standards refer to the specifications and regulations set for the design, construction, and
utilization of spaces or facilities. These standards vary depending on the purpose and type of
space. For example, space standards for residential buildings include guidelines for room
dimensions, ceiling heights, ventilation, and safety codes. Similarly, space standards for office
spaces may cover factors like workspace sizes, lighting, acoustics, and accessibility.
Space Guidelines: Space guidelines provide recommendations and suggestions for designing and
using different types of spaces. They are not necessarily mandatory but can serve as best
practices or industry standards. Space guidelines may include information on space planning,
interior design, ergonomics, and environmental considerations. For example, office space
guidelines may recommend a certain amount of square footage per employee, optimal
workstation layout, and guidelines for creating collaborative spaces.
Space Requirements:
Space requirements refer to the specific needs or criteria that must be met for a particular
purpose or function. These requirements can be related to safety, functionality, or compliance
with regulations. For example, the space requirements for a laboratory would include provisions
for specialized equipment, ventilation systems, safety protocols, and designated areas for
different types of experiments. Similarly, space requirements for a commercial kitchen would
involve considerations such as layout, storage capacity, and hygiene standards.
Football Stadium Concept
To show the design of fire, the left side and right side shape more like a fire

The façade is a perforated metal sheet panel, a sustainable and customizable.
Use more of color red to show the resemblance of the fire in the building
Iconic pavilion
An iconic pavilion is a unique and distinctive structure designed to serve a specific purpose,
often representing a particular theme, concept, or event. It typically stands out due to its
innovative architectural design, striking visual appearance, and ability to attract attention and
create a memorable experience.
Space guidelines for an iconic pavilion can vary depending on its intended use and location. Here
are some general considerations:
Site Selection: Choose a prominent location that ensures high visibility and accessibility, such as
a busy public area, exhibition grounds, or a significant event venue.

Size and Footprint: The pavilion's size will depend on its purpose, budget, and available space. It
can range from a small temporary structure to a large, permanent building. Consider the number
of visitors expected and the activities or exhibits to be housed inside.
Architectural Design: Focus on creating a visually striking design that stands out and reflects the
purpose or theme of the pavilion. Incorporate unique shapes, materials, colors, and lighting to
make it iconic and memorable.
Functionality and Flexibility: The pavilion should be designed to accommodate the intended
activities and exhibits. Consider the need for open spaces, exhibition areas, interactive displays,
stages, seating, restrooms, and circulation paths for visitors.
Accessibility: Ensure that the pavilion is accessible to people with disabilities, complying with
relevant accessibility codes and guidelines. Include ramps, elevators, and other necessary
accommodations.
Utilities and Services: Plan for the required infrastructure, such as electrical connections,
lighting, HVAC systems, water supply, and waste management facilities. Consider the need for
audiovisual equipment, Wi-Fi connectivity, and security systems.
Safety and Structural Considerations: Engage structural engineers and architects to ensure that
the pavilion is safe, stable, and resistant to weather conditions. Consider local building codes and
regulations to meet safety standards.
Sustainability: Incorporate sustainable design principles, such as energy-efficient systems,
renewable materials, natural ventilation, rainwater harvesting, and waste management strategies.
Branding and Signage: Integrate branding elements into the pavilion's design and consider the
placement of signage and wayfinding systems to guide visitors and enhance the overall
experience.
Case Study for Pavilion
Unfolding Pavilion #OPENGIARDINI

The Giardini Pubblici, commissioned by Napoleon in 1807 to provide a green lung for the
densely built City of Venezia, was a public park designed by local architect Giannantonio Selva
in the style of Neoclassical landscape gardens. A large portion of the city fabric, including two
Renaissance churches and a monastery, had to be demolished in order to build the public
gardens. Permanent gallery spaces were built in the park beginning in 1895, with the opening of
the first International Art Exhibition. The vast majority of the area has since been fenced off and
given to the Biennale, removing it from public use. In 1932, the perimeter of the gated enclave of
the Giardini della Biennale was extended to include a plot of land on the neighboring island of
Sant'Elena. Currently, only one-third of the Giardini’s total surface area is open to the public,
with the rest being accessible only during the visiting hours of the Art and Architecture
Biennales.
The Giardini, however, are not private property: they are public land granted to the Biennale for
free by the City of Venezia in exchange for upkeep and security. As a result, during the months
when the pavilions are closed and empty between exhibitions, the public land on which they
stand could be returned to citizens, as originally planned. Despite this, access to the inner part of
the park is restricted and controlled by the system of gates, walls, fences, CCTV cameras, metal
spikes, barbed wire, and armed guards that comprise the Giardini’s urban front. It is, in fact, a
case of private expropriation of a public territory.
Reacting to this situation, Unfolding Pavilion #OPENGIARDINI is an exhibition that
investigates the paradoxical state of a public space that is not publicly accessible, through a
series of site-specific interventions aimed at sparking discussion about the Giardini della
Biennale’s current and future uses.
The Unfolding Pavilion is an exhibition and editorial project by Daniel Tudor Munteanu and
Davide Tommaso Ferrando that pops up at major architecture events in previously inaccessible
but architecturally significant spaces. On each occasion the Unfolding Pavilion features a
different theme inspired by the space it occupies, by means of commissioned original works that

react to it and to its wider cultural-historic background. The Unfolding Pavilion doesn’t
necessarily care about the hosting event’s theme. It lets its occupied space inspire its own theme.
Without a good exhibition space (of the finest architectural making), the Unfolding Pavilion
doesn’t have any reason to exist. Like any pop-up, the Unfolding Pavilion only lasts for a short
but intense period of time.
Iconic Pavilion Design Concept
The iconic pavilion design is like a torch
that resemble the “siklab”

Waste water treatment facility

A wastewater treatment facility, also known as a sewage treatment plant or water reclamation
facility, is a facility designed to treat and purify wastewater before it is discharged back into the
environment or reused for various purposes. The primary goal of such facilities is to remove
pollutants and contaminants from wastewater to protect public health and the environment.
Space Guidelines:
The space requirements for a wastewater treatment facility vary depending on several factors,
such as the population served, the level of treatment required, and the available land. Typically,
these facilities occupy a significant amount of land due to the various treatment processes
involved. The space requirements can range from a few acres for small-scale facilities to several
acres or more for larger treatment plants.
Purpose: The purpose of a wastewater treatment facility is to remove physical, chemical, and
biological pollutants from wastewater. By treating wastewater, these facilities aim to:
1. Protect public health: Removing harmful pathogens and disease-causing organisms from
wastewater helps prevent the spread of waterborne diseases.
2. Protect the environment: Wastewater contains pollutants that can harm aquatic
ecosystems and degrade water quality. Treating wastewater helps minimize the impact on
rivers, lakes, and oceans.
3. Reuse water resources: Some wastewater treatment facilities incorporate processes to
treat water for reuse in irrigation, industrial processes, or even as a drinking water source
in certain cases. This promotes water conservation and reduces the demand on freshwater
resources.
Advantages of Adding a Water Treatment Facility in a Sports Complex:
1. Environmental stewardship: Integrating a water treatment facility within a sports complex
demonstrates a commitment to sustainable practices and environmental protection.
2. Water conservation: The treated wastewater from the sports complex can be reused for
irrigation purposes, reducing the reliance on freshwater sources and conserving water
resources.
Cost savings: Reusing treated wastewater can lead to cost savings by reducing the need for
freshwater supply and decreasing water utility bills.

Educational opportunities: Having a water treatment facility on-site provides an educational

platform for visitors, athletes, and staff to learn about the importance of water treatment and
environmental stewardship.
Disadvantages of Adding a Water Treatment Facility in a Sports Complex:
Space requirements: Building a water treatment facility within a sports complex may require a
significant amount of land, potentially reducing available space for other facilities or amenities.
Capital and operational costs: Establishing and maintaining a wastewater treatment facility can
involve substantial capital investments and ongoing operational expenses, including energy,
maintenance, and staffing costs.
Regulatory compliance: Operating a water treatment facility requires compliance with various
environmental regulations and permits, which can involve administrative burdens and potential
liabilities.
Flow Diagram and Process: The specific flow diagram and processes in a wastewater treatment
facility can vary based on the level of treatment required and the technologies employed.
However, a typical wastewater treatment process involves several stages:
Preliminary Treatment: This stage involves removing large debris, such as sticks and stones,
through screening and grit removal to protect downstream equipment.
Primary Treatment: In this phase, solid particles in the wastewater are settled out through
sedimentation, forming a sludge that can be further processed.
Secondary Treatment: This stage focuses on biological processes to remove organic matter and
nutrients. Common methods include activated sludge, trickling filters, or membrane bioreactors.

Tertiary Treatment: Also known as advanced treatment, this step removes additional
contaminants, such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and trace chemicals. Processes like filtration,
disinfection, and chemical precipitation are employed.
Sludge Treatment: The sludge generated from the primary and secondary treatment is further
processed through methods like anaerobic digestion, dewatering, and drying to reduce its volume
and convert it into a more manageable and stable form.
Disinfection and Effluent Discharge: The treated wastewater undergoes disinfection to kill
remaining pathogens. The disinfected effluent is then discharged into the environment or reused
for various purposes, such as irrigation or industrial processes.


Reference link:
Tables, S. (2021, May 5). Esports Venue Requirements Every Planner Must Know | Social
Tables. Social Tables. https://www.socialtables.com/blog/event-planning/esports-venue-
requirements/
Archery GB | Get Involved: Clubs, Competitions & Performance. (n.d.). Archery GB.
https://archerygb.org/
Bowling Alley Lane Dimensions | Fusion Bowling. (n.d.).
https://www.fusionbowling.com/resource/bowling-alley-lane-dimensions
International Chess Federation. (n.d.). https://fide.com/

Hou, X. (2023). MAD Architects: Building Connection To The Landscape. ArchDaily.
https://www.archdaily.com/996939/mad-architects-building-connection-to-the-
landscape?
ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab&ad_source=search&ad_medium=search_re
sult_all
Pintos, P. (2023). Drusus Stadium in Bolzano / gmp Architects. ArchDaily.
https://www.archdaily.com/997247/drusus-stadium-in-bolzano-gmp-architects?
ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab
Caballero, P. (2023). Kegelbahn Wülknitz Bowling & Sports Facilities / KO/OK Architektur.
ArchDaily. https://www.archdaily.com/932273/kegelbahn-wulknitz-bowling-and-sports-
facilities-ko-ok-architektur?ad_source=search&ad_medium=projects_tab
Saieh, N. (2021). Archery Center / Atelier Phileas. ArchDaily.
https://www.archdaily.com/9333/archery-center-atelier-phileas?

Chen, C. (2023). China Hangzhou E-Sports Center / CSADI. ArchDaily.
https://www.archdaily.com/995659/china-hangzhou-esports-center-csadi?
Pintos, P. (2023b). Drusus Stadium in Bolzano / gmp Architects. ArchDaily.
https://www.archdaily.com/997247/drusus-stadium-in-bolzano-gmp-architects?
Silva, V. (2022). Estuari Sport Complex / archicentre. ArchDaily.
https://www.archdaily.com/993049/estuari-sport-complex-archicentre?


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Bataan Heroes College

Department of Engineering and Architecture

Regional Sport Complex

A Proposed Regional Sports Complex

Fuyang Yinhu Sports Center / UAD

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E- Sport And Sport Facilities

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The façade is a perforated metal sheet panel, a sustainable and customizable.

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The iconic pavilion design is like a torch

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Disadvantages of Adding a Water Treatment Facility in a Sports Complex:

A Proposed Regional Sports Complex

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International Chess Federation. (n.d.). https://fide.com/

Pintos, P. (2023). Drusus Stadium in Bolzano / gmp Architects. ArchDaily.

Saieh, N. (2021). Archery Center / Atelier Phileas. ArchDaily.

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Chen, C. (2023). China Hangzhou E-Sports Center / CSADI. ArchDaily.

Pintos, P. (2023b). Drusus Stadium in Bolzano / gmp Architects. ArchDaily.

Silva, V. (2022). Estuari Sport Complex / archicentre. ArchDaily.

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