NORM VS LAW

What is a norm?
A legal norm sets a standard of behavior. As a norm, it thus can remain in existence even
though it is broken. Norms can be distinguished from causal laws which need to be
reinterpreted if an exception is found. Linguistic signals help us determine what the norm
is.
Thus, ‘must’, ‘shall’, ‘have to’, ‘right’, ‘wrong’, ‘good’, ‘bad’, and so on, characteristically
belong to the statement of norms, whereas words like ‘is’, ‘are’, ‘were’, ‘will be’ ‘possible’,
‘impossible’ tend to show descriptive rules. These linguistic signals reflect a difference,
they do not constitute it.
Whatever is for someone a standard for their conduct is normative for them.

What is a law?
The law is a system of rules that a society or government develops in order to deal with
crime, business agreements, and social relationships. You can also use the law to refer to
the people who work in this system
Legislative processes to create a law

In the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States (CPEUM), in its articles 71 and
72, part of the Regulation for the Internal Government of the General Congress of the
United Mexican States establishes how a law is created and separates it into 6 stages, which
are:

1. Presentation of the bill

2. Opinion

3. Discussion about the law and what makes it up

4. Voting by the General Congress

5. Review of the law

6. Enactment.

Now, we are going to separate them and define ourselves one by one.

1. Presentation of the initiative

According to article 71 of the CPEUM, it is established that the only people and institutions
that can issue a law initiative or decrees are these entities or officials:

• The President of the United Mexican States

• Federal representatives and senators

• Legislators from different localities

• A group of natural persons who represent 0.13 of the nominal list of voters.

There are some exceptions, such as the Income Law, the Public Account, among others,
which may be initiatives issued and presented by the Executive Branch.

However, any initiative must be rotated between the different commissions, established by
the Board of Directors to be analyzed and ruled.

Thus, the preliminary project is prepared, which will be presented and approved (if
applicable). To do this, it must contain the reasons why it is founded, adding clear
propositions.

2. Opinion
Law initiatives are presented before the Chamber of Deputies or in the Chamber of
Senators. But if it is about initiatives that touch on issues such as contributions, loans (loans
to the State) or recruitment of military personnel, they must go through the Chamber of
Deputies.

The president of the chamber in question will send the initiative to the corresponding
commission according to its nature.

Once this is done and the opinion is prepared, the president of the board of directors of the
chamber is notified so that, through his powers, he schedules it as part of the agenda. Then,
it is read before the plenary session and, during the second reading, it is discussed, voted on
and approved, if applicable.

3. Discussion

Each bill or decree must be discussed in general terms, that is, a summary of the entire law,
to later be broken down in detail and discussed article by article if voted in favor of it.

For this, the members that make up the commissions and the authors of the initiatives can
speak more than twice, while the rest can speak up to twice. Likewise, they can intervene,
in cases of personal allusions, for five minutes.

When each speaker has finished, the speaker of the chamber conducts a poll to determine if
the matter has been discussed sufficiently. If so, then proceed to vote, and if not, the debate
continues with the intervention of one against and one in favor of the law.

4. Voting

The plenary session of the Chamber votes in general on the bill. If the votes are obtained to
be approved, it is discussed article by article. A no vote determines whether to return the
entire project to the committee to be modified, restarted, or scrapped.

5. Review

In the event that the bill is approved, both in general and in particular, it must be sent to the
other chamber and a similar process is carried out, that is, an opinion will be made, it will
be discussed and voted on in general and in particular.

If the chamber that reviews it rejects it in general, the project is returned to the original
chamber with the observations, which can be accepted or rejected through a vote within the
chamber of origin.

In the event that the chambers do not agree in particular, they proceed to vote by absolute
majority to issue the project with the approved articles and the rest is reserved for a
subsequent vote.
6. Enactment

We have reached the end of the stage on how a law is created, and that is enactment. It
happens when both chambers have approved said law and it is sent to the Executive Power,
which can express its agreement and promulgate it or, on the contrary, reject it.

The action of rejecting a law is called a veto, which can be total or partial, that is, the entire
project or only some parts.

However, if two thirds of the voting chambers are achieved, the presidential veto is without
effect and it must be approved.

It is done! With all the information presented, you already know how a law is created in
Mexico and you know what is needed and the fundamental steps to elaborate each guideline
that governs us today as a nation.