Wood burning stoves-types-principle-uses

PRESENT SITUATION

• Wood is an important energy source in rural

India
• Wood energy is declining in the increasing
rate because of rapid depletion of natural
forest resources
• Main uses of wood energy is for cooking
 TRADITIONAL WOOD STOVES
• Three stones fire
• Why Popularly adopted?
• Feeding and combustion control easy
• Any size pot can use
• No special skill required
• Control of insects
Drawbacks
• Low efficiency (8-10%)
• Smoke formation
• Use of fuel wood inefficiently
NEED FOR IMPROVED WOOD STOVES

• Smoke and soot production

• For saving wood fuel

• Women labour time

• To reduce lung and eye diseases

 IMPROVED STOVES

• Less Smoke production

• Less quantity of fuel utilization
• Efficient heat transfer
• Less heat losses
• Efficiency (20-35%)
 STOVE COMPONENTS
FIRE BOX
• Enclosed space for combustion
• High energy release due to complete
combustion

AIR INLET
• Secondary air is introduced in the fire
box

GRATE
• Made up of frame of metal bars
• Increased efficiency due to entry of
secondary air if grate and air inlet is
used
BAFFLES
• Projection in the combustion chamber
placed at the exit of combustion chamber

DAMPERS
• Movable plate in the chimney
• Made up of steel plate

CHIMNEY
• Metal or asbestos pipe
• Helps in releasing the smoke and creates
draft for complete combustion
COWL
• Metal cap for avoiding
the entry of foreign
material as well as rain
water
• Increases the draft

TUNNEL
• In multi-pot closed
chulha
 DESIGN PRINCIPLES FOR EFFICIENT
STOVES
• Insulate the combustion chamber
• Use an upright chimney with damper
• Heat energy should be used only for the burning of fuel
• Maintain a good air velocity through the fuel for complete
combustion
• Minimum quantity of excess of air during combustion
• Distribute airflow around the fuel surfaces
• Air should largely flow through the glowing coal/wood
 SINGLE POT TNAU CHULHA
• Double wall
• Grate
• Legs
• Secondary air
openings
• Inner wall holes
• Mounds
• Fire mouth

TNAU SINGLE POT CHULHA

Cost : 75/- Efficiency : 24%

TNAU CHULHA
TNAU DOUBLE POT CHIMNEYLESS CHULHA

• Double wall
• Tunnel
• Secondary air inlets
• Grate
• Legs (6)
• Inner wall holes
• Mounds
TNAU DOUBLE POT IMPROVED CHULHA
 Cost : 150/- Efficiency : 26%

TNAU DOUBLE POT CHIMNEYLESS CHULHA

DOUBLE POT
CHULHA
WITH
CHIMNEY
 UDAIRAJ CHULHA
• Material
• Chimney
• Fire box
• Firebox opening
• Connecting tunnel
• Cost : 230/-
• Efficiency : 25.5%
Suggestions
• Soot removal hole
• Provide grate
• Optimize air opening
NOON MEAL
CHULHA
WITH
CHIMNEY
 CPRI DESIGN CHULHA
• Non-chimney
• Availability in sizes
• Portable
• Cost : 175/-
• Efficiency : 26%

SUGGESTIONS
• Adjustable air opening
• Provide tray like structure
• Side insulation
EVALUATION OF THERMAL EFFICIENCY
WATER BOILING TEST
o For determining thermal efficiency of wood
stove
o Location specific multi-model approach of
government for popularization of locally
made stoves
o Uniform testing code for performance
evaluation

INSTALLATION OF CHULHA
VESSEL
o Flat bottom or cylindrical shape
o lids
o Clean and dried
 APPLICATIONS
Girls’ Hostel
 TNAU BIOMASS GAS STOVE
• Principle – updraft
gasification
• Woodchips, agricultural
residues, dry leaves, barks
• Cylindrical – clay and rise
husk
• Iron grate – 50mm
BIOMASS GAS STOVE WORKING CONDITION
 PREFORMANC DETAILS OF BIOMASS GAS STOVE
Working Principle : Updraft Gasification
Feedstock : Wood chips, agricultural
residues, such as coconut shell, groundnut
shell, arecanut husk etc.

Thermal  : 24-28 %
Flame temp : 600-700 0C
Heat output : 4.4 kW
Heat release rate : 63 kcal/min
Emissions -
CO : 500 ppm
TSP : 0.10 mg/m3
Sp. fuel consumption : 0.27 kg/h
of processed food
Saving in fuel : 15-18 % over
conventional stove
Cost : Rs. 300
Applications : Small scale thermal applications in farms, households,
Tea shops, Turmeric boiling, Paddy Parboiling, etc.
BIOMASS GAS STOVE – CHARACTERISTICS
BIOMASS GAS STOVE AT USER’S SITE AT OOTY
 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF WOOD BURNING
STOVES
Details Conven- Single Pot Double Pot Biomass Gas Stove
tional Chulha Chulha

Working principle Combustion Combustion Combustion Gasification

Thermal , % 10-12 19-24 24-26 24-28

Flame temp, 0C 400-500 400-500 400-500 600-700

Heat output, kW 0.7 1.2 1.8 4.4

Heat rate, kcal/min 10 16 22 63

Emission CO-ppm 3500 2000 1500 500

level TSP- mg/m3 0.69 0.20 0.20 0.10

Cost - Rupees 100 400 500 1000

 CONCLUSION

• We can use the improved wood stove designs

to reduce the concentration of smoke and
indoor air pollution

• We can save the time and money

TESTING OF BRIQUETTES IN BIOMASS GAS
STOVE

ASH CLINKERS