Electricity

Electricity is the flow of electric charge (electrons).

a form of energy resulting from the existence of
charged particles (such as electrons or protons),
either statically as an accumulation of charge or
dynamically as a current
Electric Charge
Electric Charge is a property of subatomic
particles.
Electric charge is the physical property of
matter that causes it to experience a force
when placed in an electromagnetic field.
There are two types of electric charge:
positive and negative (commonly carried by
protons and electrons respectively). Like
charges repel each other and unlike charges
attract each other
Current

Current is the movement of electric charge.

Electric current is the movement of
electrons through a wire. Electric current is
measured in amperes (amps) and refers to
the number of charges that move through
the wire per second
 Voltage
is the electric potential that exists to move
a charge. Voltage is the pressure from an
electrical circuit's power source that pushes
charged electrons (current) through a
conducting loop, enabling them to do work
such as illuminating a light. In brief, voltage =
pressure, and it is measured in volts (V).
Power
is the rate at which
electric energy is
flowing in a circuit
⚫ The relationship
between voltage, current, and
resistance is described by Ohm's law.
This equation, i = v/r, tells us that
the current, i, flowing through a circuit
is directly proportional to the voltage,
v, and inversely proportional to
the resistance, r.
 Ohm’s Law
Ohm’s Law: Power = Voltage x Current.
Ohm’s law states that the voltage or potential
difference between two points is directly
proportional to the current or electricity
passing through the resistance, and directly
proportional to the resistance of the circuit. The
formula for Ohm’s law is V=IR. This relationship
between current, voltage
Ohm’s law
Find what is the current
Find the resistance
Resistance
is a physical property that
quantifies how well a charge can
move through a material. is
opposition to the flow of
current in an electric circuit:
resistance
A digital multimeter
A digital multimeter is a test tool used to
measure two or more electrical
values—principally voltage (volts), current
(amps) and resistance (ohms). ... Digital
multimeters combine the testing capabilities
of single-task meters—the voltmeter (for
measuring volts), ammeter (amps) and
ohmmeter (ohms).
A digital multimeter
Electric circuits
Electric circuits
provide a means to harness electrical
energy and use it in our everyday lives
Circuits require a voltage source to
operate.
11. Circuits require a closed loop to
operate; that is they need a path for the
electric current to return to its source.
12. Circuits can be connected in either
series or parallel
parallel circuit
⚫ A parallel circuit has two or more paths
for current to flow through. Voltage is
the same across each component of the
parallel circuit. The sum of the currents
through each path is equal to the total
current that flows from the source
 parallel circuit
Components connected in series have
identical current, but different voltage.
Components connected in parallel
have identical voltage, but different
current
parallel circuit
series circuit
⚫ A series circuit is a circuit in which
resistors are arranged in a chain, so the
current has only one path to take. The
current is the same through each resistor
series circuit
series parallel circuit
⚫ Components connected in parallel are
connected along multiple paths so that
the current can split up; the same voltage
is applied to each component. A circuit
composed solely of components
connected in series is known as a series
circuit; likewise, one connected
completely in parallel is known as a
parallel circuit.
series parallel circuit