Development
Vikas
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Development : This refers to the process of growth, or
improvement whether in oneself or in others.
Different People Different Goals : People have different
goals and desires, so what one person sees as progress or
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development may not be the same for another. Each
person seeks what is important to them based on their own
priorities and aspirations.
For Example,
To Generate By Establishment of Dams ,
electricity, The land around it will
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Industralist need submerge & led to the
more dams which will placement of
be development for tribalpeople,which is not a
them developmental goal for them.
Paise aur usse different important cheezein !!
Income & Other Goals : People have two types of developmental goals:
material and non-material. Material goals refer to tangible
possessions such as money, a car, or a house, while non-material goals
refer to intangible values such as freedom, friendship, equality, and
respect. Both material and non-material things are important for
development, and individuals often strive for a combination of these
goals to achieve personal growth and fulfillment.
Alag-Alag Country ko Income aur dusre basis par compare karna
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Comparing Different Countries/Statesdevelopment
On the basis of National Income : When comparing countries, their
level of income is often viewed as a key indicator of development.
Countries with higher incomes are generally seen as more developed,
since greater income can provide access to basic human needs and
other resources that promote well-being.
Total Income = Sum of all residents of the country i.e population
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When comparing countries, the average income or per capita income
is usually considered, rather than the total income. This is because
countries have different populations, and comparing total incomes
could be misleading. Per capita income provides a better measure of
the average income earned by an individual in a country, and can
therefore be used to compare standards of living between different
countries.
On the basis of Per Capita Income :
Average Income
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Paiso ka ek Alag Roop !!
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PER CAPITA INCOME = TOTAL INCOME OF AREA
TOTAL POPULATION
Comparison of World Bank on the basis of Per
Capita Income :
The World Bank uses a country's per capita Roop Lekin
Paiso ka Alag !!
income to make comparisons. orld Ban k ke Nazariye Se
W
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Countries with an annual per capita income of
$12,056 or more in 2017 are considered "rich"
countries.
Countries with a per capita income of $955 or
less in 2017 are classified as "low-income"
countries.
India had a per capita income of $1820 in 2017
and is categorized as a "low-middle income"
country.
Other Criteria to Determine Development
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Punjab has the highest per capita income, and Bihar has the lowest.
Kerala is considered a better place to live due to its low Infant Mortality Rate.
Factors besides income play an important role in determining development and well-being.
.
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Life Expectancy : It refers to the average length of time that a
person can expect to live from birth.
Body Mass Index (BMI) : To determine if an adult is underweight or
not, the internationally accepted standard known as Body Mass
Index (BMI) is used. For adults, a BMI of less than 18.5 is considered
underweight, while a BMI between 18.5 and 24.9 is considered normal,
based on their height and weight.
However, it's important to keep in mind that this standard is not
appropriate for growing children.
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Public Facilities
Money alone cannot provide all the necessary goods and services
for a comfortable life, such as a pollution-free environment and
disease protection.
Public facilities provided by the government are the most
affordable and efficient way to collectively provide these services
to the public.
Kerala is a better place to live because of its well-established
public distribution system, ensuring that everyone has access to
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food and good health.
Kerala also has adequate basic health facilities and proper
education, ensuring people receive the necessary treatments and
education.
Human Development Report
When comparing the development of different countries or states, it is
important to consider multiple factors beyond just economic measures like
per capita income.
Other factors such as healthcare, education, social welfare, and
infrastructure also play an important role in determining development
and well-being.
A country or state may have a high per capita income but still face issues
related to healthcare, education, and other social services.
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It is crucial to examine a range of indicators and consider them
collectively to gain a comprehensive understanding of the level of
development and well-being in a region.
Sustainability of Development
Ye Development aur Sustainability ka kya chakkar hai ?
Sustainability of development is the practice of achieving economic growth
while protecting the environment and ensuring social well-being, without
compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. It
involves taking a long-term view of development that balances economic,
environmental, and social factors, to create a sustainable and equitable future
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for all.
To ensure sustainable development, it is crucial to avoid harming the
environment. Some examples of environmental issues that must be considered
include:
Groundwater overuse: The overuse of groundwater poses a significant
threat to its availability and quality.
Resource depletion: Excessive mining of resources like iron, gold, silver, coal,
and crude oil can lead to depletion of these resources, causing irreparable
harm to the environment.
Factory pollution: The release of smoke and other harmful gases from
factories causes environmental pollution, which can have serious
implications for public health.
Water and air pollution: The problems of water and air pollution have a
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direct impact on the quality of life of people and can also impact future
generations.
Globalization challenges: The process of globalization has presented new
challenges for farmers in countries like India, including increased
competition with other international countries, which can have negative
impacts on the environment if not properly regulated.
*When Chapter is
too Short
PYQ S
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1. Define the term 'per capita income'. Why is it used as an indicator of
economic development?
2. What are the two major sectors of the economy? Explain the role of
each sector in the process of economic development.
3. What is the Human Development Index (HDI)? How is it calculated?
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Explain its three components.
4. Describe any three factors that are responsible for poverty in India.
5. Why do we need sustainable development? Explain any three reasons.
6. What is meant by 'public distribution system'? Explain its main
objectives.
7. What are the three major challenges faced by Indian agriculture?
Explain any one.
8. Explain any three features of the Green Revolution.
9. Differentiate between the 'informal sector' and the 'formal sector'. Give
two examples of each.
10. What is globalization? Explain any two benefits and two drawbacks of
globalization.
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11. What is meant by 'sustainable development'? Why is it important?
12. What is meant by 'income inequality'? How does it affect economic
development?
13. Explain any three challenges faced by the Indian economy after
Independence.
14. What is meant by 'economic planning'? Explain any two objectives of
economic planning in India.
15. What is meant by 'global interdependence'? How does it affect
economic development?
*NOTE : Worksheet [Important Questions Of All typology with
Answers) is provided as Seperate PDF on website [Link]*
