AnE

ntr
epr
eneurwi
thaHea
rtE
xer
cis
es
Re
adi
ngCompr
ehens
ion

A.1.Agoodrolemodel
cani
nspi
reone,
igni
teone’
sima
gina
tiona
ndi
nst
ili
nonet
hedes
ir
etor
is
e
abov
etheordinar
y.

2.Ki
ranMazumdar
-Sha
w’sr
olemodel
washe
rfa
the
rwhoi
nspi
redhert
ost
ri
vef
ore
xcel
l
enc
eandbe
s
econdtonone.

3.
Asac
hil
d,Ki
ranMa
zumda
rSha
wwa
sfa
sci
nat
edbys
cienc
e.

4.Bi
otec
hnol
ogyist
heus
eofbi
ol
ogi
cal
proc
ess
es,
org
ani
smsors
yst
emst
oma
nuf
act
urene
wera
nd
bet
terpr
oduc
ts.

5.
Bioc
onwa
sbor
nin1978i
nama
kes
hif
tof
fi
cei
nag
ara
gei
nBe
nga
lur
u.

6.
Shewa
sawa
rdedt
hePa
dmaS
hri
in1989.

B.1.Asachil
d,Ki
ranMa z
umda r-
Shawwouldreaduponsci
e nc
e,part
icul
arl
yas
eri
esca
ll
ed
Underst
andi
ngS c
iencewhic
he xpl
ai
nedthi
ngssosimpl
ythatanyonecoul
dunder
sta
ndthem.
She
l
earnedalotonhe rownregar
dingbi
ol
ogythroughtha
tser
ies.

2.Whensheretur
nedtoIndiaaft
ercompl
etinghereduc
ationinAus
tra
li
a,shewaslook
ingforwardt
o
l
eadi
ngabreweryinthecountr
y.Toherdi
sappoint
ment,shefoundt
hattherewer
enoj obsforwomen
i
nthebr
ewingindust
ryinIndi
a.

3. Bi
ocon’
sini
tia
lgoal
wast
o‘gr
eentheworl
d’.
Kir
anandhertea
musedbiot
echnol
ogytopr
oduceec
o-
f
riendl
yindust
rial
enzy
mesf
orusebyfooda
ndtext
il
emakers.
Inti
me,Bi
oconbecamethebi
gges
t
enzymes-makeri
nIndi
a.

4.Bi
ocontodaymakeshi
gh-
quali
tymedi
cinesfordise
asesl
ikedi
abetesandcanc
eratthel
owestc
osts
o
t
hatevent
hepoora r
eabl
etoa f
fordi
tnotonlyinIndi
abuta r
oundtheworld.
Ma nypeopl
ear
enow
a
bletoacc
e s
sme di
ci
nest
hatcouldpr
evi
ouslybeonlya f
for
dedbytheric
h.

5.BioconF oundat
ionwa
se s
tablis
hedtouseapartoft
heprofi
tsofBi
oc ont
ohe l
pthepoora
ndt he
needy.Itbri
ngsini
mprovementsa nddev
elopmenti
ntheareasofhea
lthcar
e,educa
tiona
ndciv
ic
i
nfr
a st
ructure,t
husmaki
ngadifferenc
etotheli
vesofmanyrural
communi t
ies
.

C.1.Ki
ranMa z
umda r-
Sha wl ook e
duponf ailur
ea satempor ar
ys et
ba c
ka ndthoughtthatthebe stway
todealwithfail
urewast opi ckyours
e l
fup, dustyourse
lfoffandtrya g
ain,agai
nanda gain.Shewa sabl
e
toactaccordi
ngtowha ts het houghtaboutf ai
lurebecauseshene vergaveup,howev erdif
fi
c ul
tthe
obst
a c
leswe re.
Whens her eturnedtoIndi
aa f
terhereducati
oni nAustral
ia,
shewa sdisappointedto
seethattherewe r
enoj obsf orwomeni nthebr ewingi
ndus t
ry.Whe nshewa ntedtos t
artBiocon,she
hadtofacema nyhurdles. Banksdidnotwa nttog i
veherloans,peoplewe r
eunwi l
li
ngtober ec
ruit
ed
andcompa niesdidnotwi shtodobus inesswi t
hherbe causeshewa sa25- year
-ol
dwoma nwhowa s
tr
yingtos
ell
productsbasedonanovel
sci
encecall
edBi
otec
hnology
.Sheove
rcameev
eryfa
il
ure,every
hurdl
etomakeBiocon,aleade
rinus
ingbi
ote
c hnol
ogyf
orthebenefi
tofs
oci
ety
.Shemadeever
yf a
ilur
e
achancet
olearnsome t
hingnew.

2. Shet ookupphi l
anthropica cti
viti
estoobe causeshewa nt
e dtoma keadiff
erencetothesociet
yin
whichs hel i
ved.Shedidnotwa nttobej ustasuccessful
entr
epreneure a
rningmone ybutshewa ntedto
useapa rtoftheprofi
tstohel ppeopl ewhowe r
epoora ndinne ed.Shewa ntedt ousebi
otechnologyto
produc emedi ci
nesata f
forda blecostsot hatma nypeoplehada ccesstomedi ci
neswhichwe r
eea rl
i
e r
aff
or dableonlytother i
ch.Shewa nt
edt opa rt
ici
pateinthegovernanc eofthec i
tywhic
hha dgivenher
somuc h,shewi s
hedtoi mpr ov ethelotoft herural
c ommuniti
esbypr ovi
di
ngt hemwi t
hbe t
ter
i
nfras t
ructure.Al
lthes
ef actor smot i
vatedhe rtotakeupphilant
hr opicacti
vit
ies.

3. F
ac i
ngupt ocha l
l
e ngesma kesyoure a
li
sethehi ddenpotentialy
ouha vei nyoursel
f.Chal
lengesspur
youont oov erc
omef ai
lure.Theygiv
ey ouas enseofpurpose .
Yous tar
tthinkingofwa ysandme ansto
expl
or ethepossibi
li
tiesyouha vebeforeyou.Youi nnovat
e,youc omeupwi thdiff
erentideasand
str
ategiestoaccompl i
shy ourgoal.
Youa redrivenbydeterminationandr esolvetoma k
ei tt
ot he
fi
nis
hingl i
ne,howev erarduousther ac
e.Thus, evenify
ouf ai
l,chal
lengeshelpy oubecomemor e
tenaci
ousa ndyous tri
veha rdertoachi
evey ourobjecti
ves.Theyinsti
li
ny out hecourageneededt o
overcomes etbacksands ucceed.

4. Accor di
ngtoKiranMazumdar-
Shaw,tr
ueleader
sa r
ev i
si
onar
ieswithasenseofpurpose,who
persever eandha v
eapa ss
ionf
orchange
.Theyknowt hatl
eader
shipisnotaboutcont
rolbutabout
beinga bletoinspi
repeopl
ewithval
uesandvis
ion.Reall
eader
sarethosewhos potopportuni
ti
eswher
e
otherss eechall
enges.

Theya recommi tte

dt ocreati
ngv aluefr
omt he s
eopportunit
ies,notj
us tfort
heirownor g a
nisat
ionsbut
al
sof orsoci
et yatl
arge.Iti
sonl ythroug
hac ommi tmenttohuma ni
tya ndapassiontoma kea
dif
ferencetha tt
rueleade r
shi
pi sborn.Aleadershouldals
oha vethec ourageofconvi
c t
iona ndshould
bear is
kt a
k erandani nnovator.Aleadershouldhavethepa s
siontoma keadiff
erencea ndshouldbe
dri
ve nbyas enseofc ommi t
me nt.T r
uelea
de rsarera
relyconformist
s.S e
lf-
bel
iefandha rdwor karethe
dis
tinguis
hingqua l
it
iesofal e
a der.

5. Thisquot eispe rf ec t
lyt r
ueint hec a
seofKi r
anMa zumda r-Shaw, whoisapione erinthef iel
dof
biotec hnol og y.Shes ta r
te dwithas ma l
lstep—af as
cinati
onfors cie
nc e,s
etupBi oconi nama keshift
garag einBeng alurua ndhe rjourneyoft housandmilesstar
ted. S
heha dtoovercomema nyhur dlesin
he rjour ne ya sabus ine sswoma nbuthe rpersever
anc e,s
elf
-belie
fa ndoptimismpul le
dhert hroug h
eve r
y time . Sheha dt hec ourageofc onv ict
iontofol
lowhe rstar,shewa ntedtoma k eadi ff
erenc eto
soc i
etya nds hewa nt edt ous ebiot e
c hnologytohealthewor ldands hea c
hieveda l
lhe robjecti
v es.
Toda y ,Bioc oni sgloba ll
yr ecogniseda ndKi ra
nMa zumda r-
Sha wisc ountedasoneoft hemos tsuc c
essf
ul
ent r
e pre ne ursint hewor ld.Thes inglebolds t
epshet ookhasma deadi f
fer
encet othewor l
doft he
poora ndt henee dy ,impr ovedthel otoft heruralc
ommuni tiesandbr oughtinrema rkablecha ng esin
theg ov er na nceoft hec itys heli
ve sin.
D.
1.a
.Ki
ranMa
zumda
r-S
haw’
sfa
thers
aidt
his
.

b.Thespeake
rsaidt
hisbec
auseKir
anwa nt
edhe rf
athert
os e
cureasea
tforheri
nthemedi
cal
c ol
le
ge
bypayi
ngcapi
tat
ionfe
e.Hetol
dhert ha
tifhereduc
a t
ionhadnothel
pedhertogai
nadmi
ssi
onintoa
medic
alcol
l
ege,shehadnotworkedaswella
ss omeonewhoha dmadethegrade
.

c
.Thel
i
ste
nerl
ear
nta
nimpor
tantl
ess
oni
nmer
it
ocr
acya
ndi
nnotha
vingas
ens
eofent
it
lement
.

2.
a.Ac
onf
ormi
sti
sonewhoc
onf
ormsorf
oll
owse
sta
bli
shedpr
act
ic
es.

b.Peopl
ewhoma keadiff
erencedonotconf
ormbeca
usethe
ywanttobr
inga
boutac
hang
eandt
hati
s
notposs
ibl
ebya
bidingbywha thasbee
npract
is
edorfol
l
owedea
rli
er.

c
.Thea
ntony
mofc
onf
ormi
sti
sar
ebe
l.

Va
lue
sandL
if
esk
il
ls

T
hes t
udent sc
a nbeaskedtona r
rat
etheirownexper
ience
swhent heyhadtodeci
des
omethi
ngf
or
t
hemselveswithouthel
porg uidanc
e.Theycantal
kabouttheunce
rtai
ntytheywer
efa
cedwit
h,t
he
a
pprehensionanda nx
ietyt
he yhadandhowt hedeci
si
ona f
fec
tedthem.

Voc
abul
ary

A.
1.bi
ol
ogy2.
biodeg
rada
ble3.
biog
raphy4.
bioc
hemi
st

5.
biog
as6.
bioha
zar
d

B.
Acr
oss

2.
ima
gina
tion3.
cour
age
ous6.
sol
uti
ons7.
fai
th

8.
per
si
st
enc
e

Down

1.
ener
get
ic4.
pas
siona
te5.
foc
us

Gr
amma
r

A.
1.Hek
nowst
hathewi
l
lpa
sst
het
est.
NC

2.
Unl
essy
ous
tudyf
ort
het
est
,youc
an’
tpa
ssi
t.AdC

3.
Don’
tgobe
for
eshec
omes
.AdC

4.
Iwonde
rwhe
nthepl
aywi
l
lbeg
in.
NC

5.
Hewe
arsas
hir
twhi
chl
ook
sni
ce.
AC
6.
Alt
houg
hhet
ri
edal
ot,
hec
oul
dn’
tcl
i
mbt
het
ree.
AdC

7.
Wha
tshedi
dwa
sver
yhur
tf
ul.
NC

8.
Iwe
ntt
other
est
aur
antt
haty
out
oldmea
bout
.AC

B.
1.I
tal
yisk
nownf
ori
tst
our
is
tspot
swhi
cha
rev
erybe
aut
if
ul.

2.
Mot
herT
ere
sawa
sal
adywhowa
sve
rydet
ermi
ned.

3.
Myf
ri
endbel
i
eve
stha
the
rpa
rent
swi
l
lal
way
ssuppor
ther
.

4.
Eve
rybodya
ppr
eci
ate
sapr
ogr
ammewhi
chi
swel
lpr
esent
ed.

5.
Iams
uret
hathewi
l
lsuc
cee
dinwi
nni
ngt
her
ace.

6.
Thi
sist
hehous
ewhi
chmyunc
lepl
anst
obuy
.

7.
Rit
aiswe
ari
ngabr
acel
etwhi
chl
ook
sver
yni
ce.

8.
Theg
irl
int
hepi
nkdr
essi
sShee
la,
whos
tudi
esi
nmys
chool
.

L
ist
eni
ng

A.
1.a
ll
-f
ema
lePa
ncha
yatBoa
rd

2.
putdownev
enbyt
heot
herwome
n

3.
Wor
ldVi
si
onI
ndi
aandt
hes
elf
-he
lpg
roupt
hatt
heyf
ormed

4.
thea
mbul
anc
ecoul
dnotr
eac
hthema
sther
oadi
nandoutwa
sba
d

5.
andg
ive
nac
ces
stog
ove
rnmenthel
p

B.
InMee
na’
svi
l
lag
e,womenwe
renota
ll
owedt
ospe
akbe
for
eme
n.

S
emi
nar
sandwor
kshopshe
lpedMe
enaa
ndhe
rgr
oupofwoment
oga
inc
onf
ide
nce.

Ag
over
nme
nts
chemehel
pedbui
l
dthi
rt
yne
whous
esi
nthev
il
la
ge.
S
pea
king

S
tude
ntsc
anpr
epa
ret
heque
sti
onsont
hei
rown.
Someoft
hemc
anbe

Wha
tmot
iva
tedy
out
obea
nent
repr
ene
ur?

Wha
twe
res
omeoft
hepr
obl
emsy
ouha
dtof
ace?

Whoi
nspi
redy
ou?

Wha
tar
eyourf
utur
epl
ans
?

Wha
tisy
ourg
rea
tes
tst
reng
th?

Punc
tua
tion

I
nternat
ionalWome n’sDa yiscent
ralt
othewome n’sri
ghtsmovement.Alt
houghitstar
tedinAme ri
ca,
Women’ sDayreal
lytookof finRuss
iaon8Ma rch1917,whenwome ntooktothes t
reetstoprote
st
ag
a i
nstf
oods hort
agesa ndformor eri
ght
s.Today,i
tiscel
ebrat
edeveryyear.
Insomec ountri
es,t
his
dayisevenma r
keda sapubl i
choli
dayasasymbol ofwomen’sstr
uggl
eforequal
ityandr i
ght
s.Ital
so
hi
ghli
ghtshowf a
rthe r
eist ogo.Womena reusual
lyoverl
ookedbyhist
oryandWome n’
sDa yisawayto
dr
a watt
entiontothema nya c
hiev
ementsofwomena r
oundtheworld.

Wr
it
ing

F
athe
r:I
donott
hinky
oua
rema
kingt
her
ightc
hoi
ce.
Ial
way
swa
ntedy
out
obeapi
l
otl
i
key
ourunc
le.

S
tude
nt:
ButF
ather
,youk
nowI
amnoti
nte
res
tedi
nbei
ngapi
l
ot.

Mot
her
:Buty
ouwe
ref
asc
ina
tedbypl
ane
sandf
ly
ingwheny
ouwe
rei
nthepr
ima
ryc
las
ses
.

Stude
nt:
Iwas,butint
erest
schang
e.Ia
mnolongert
hesameboywhousedtocol
le
cta
eropl
anesa
nd
begUncl
etotakemef orari
deinhi
spl
ane
.Iknowyoubot
haredi
sappoi
ntedwi
thmydeci
si
onbutIl
i
ke
booksmoret
hana nyt
hingel
senow.

F
athe
r:I
knowy
oua
lwa
ysha
vey
ourhe
adi
nabookbutt
hatdoe
sn’
tmea
nyouha
vet
obea
naut
hor
.

S
tudent
: Il
i
kenotonl
yrea
dingbutwri
ti
ngaswel
l.Doyour
eme mbe
rhowmuc hGra
ndpaandyou
a
ppreci
atedthes
horts
tor
yI wr
otela
stmonth?I
wa ntt
obecomeafamousa
uthorandma
k ey
oubot
h
r
eal
lyproudofme.

Mot
her
:Wek
nowy
ouha
veaf
lai
rforwr
it
ingbutt
hatdoes
n’tme
any
ous
houl
dta
kei
tupa
syourc
aree
r.

S
tude
nt:
Mum,
Ienj
oywr
it
ings
tor
iesmor
etha
nany
thi
ngel
se.
Itg
ive
smeg
rea
tha
ppi
nes
s.

F
athe
r:I
don’
tde
nyt
hatbuts
ti
ll
,If
eel
yous
houl
dthi
nkov
ery
ourdec
isi
on.

S
tude
nt:
Fat
her
,remember
,youha
vea
lwa
yst
oldust
hatwes
houl
ddowha
twel
i
kei
fweha
vet
odoi
t
wel
l
.

F
athe
r:S
o,a
rey
out
ryi
ngt
osa
ytha
tyoua
ref
oll
owi
ngwha
tIt
oldy
ou?

S
tudent:Yes
,inaway
.So,
plea
se,
Dada
ndMum,
letmedowha
tIl
i
kedoi
ng.
Iams
ureI
’l
ldowel
land
y
ou’l
lsupportme.

F
athe
randMot
her(
tog
ethe
r):
Wel
l
,wes
uppos
eyoumus
tfol
l
owy
ourhe
arta
ndbea
naut
hor
.

S
tude
nt:
Tha
nky
ou.
Iwa
ssur
eyouwoul
dunde
rst
and.

MyWor
dBa
nk

1.
tra
its2.
dis
appoi
ntment3.
nas
cent4.
prof
it
abl
e