HSE KARNAL

WEL COME
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Basic Fire Safety & Emergency Evacuation

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Presentation Outlines

What is Fire.? 1 2 Types of Fire

Fire Fighting Equipment 3 4 Fire Fighting Method

Fire Prevention & Fire

5 6 Fire Alarm System
Protection

Emergency Evacuation 7 8 General Requirements

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01. What is Fire.?

Fire is a chemical reaction of three
components:

❖ Oxygen
❖ Fuel
❖ Heat
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Fire Triangle

o Fire Triangle or Combustion

Triangle is a sample model for
understanding the necessary
ingredients for fire.
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Fire Tetrahedron

Fire tetrahedron can be describe as

pyramid which is solid having four
faces:
❖ Oxygen
❖ Fuel
❖ Heat
❖ Chemical Reaction
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The Spread of Fire

o Direct contact - in their early

stage, fires spread most entirely
by contact of flame to
combustible object.

o Conduction – transferred of
heat through solid materials.
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The Spread of Fire

❖ Convection – transferred of
heat by air movement, hot air
rises due to reduced density

❖ Radiation – heat transferred

from one surface to another
across the space
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STAGES Incipient 3
Fully
Or Growth Developed
Decay
OF FIRE Ignition

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Common Causes of Fire

Cooking Electrical Distribution Explosives

Heating Equipment's
Equipment's Smoking
Equipment's

Electrical Oil, Kerosene. Gas Pow er

Appliances Petrol & Lubricants Leakages Storages
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END CHAPTTER 01
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02. Classification of Fire

CLASS - A : Combustible solid like Wood, Paper, Plastic, etc.

CLASS - B : Flammable Liquids & Greases like LPG, Diesel, etc.

CLASS - C : Involving Electrical fire.

CLASS - D : Metal Fires like aluminium, etc.

CLASS - K : Involving kitchen fire.

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END CHAPTTER 02
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Fire Fighting Equipment

Fire Beater 1 2 Fire Bucket

Fire Blanket 3 4 Fire Extinguisher

Fire Ball 5 6 Fire Hose Reel

Fire Hydrant 7 8 Fire Sprinkler

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Fire Fighting Equipment

01. Fire Beater 02. Fire Bucket

A simple tool for fighting A Fire Bucket is filled with

wildfires, consisting of a sand or water and is used
piece of rubber at the to extinguish fires.
end of a pole.
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Fire Fighting Equipment

03. Fire Blanket 04. Fire Ball

A sheet of flexible material, A round-shaped fire extinguisher

typically woven fiberglass, that self-activates after about
used to smother a fire in an three to five seconds of fire
emergency. exposure.
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Fire Fighting Equipment

05. Fire Hose 06. Fire Hydrant

Fire hose reel is a flexible pipe Fire hydrants are used to

that is rolled and has a direct extinguish and control the
connection to the water. spread of fire.
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Fire Fighting Equipment

07. Sprinklers 06. Extinguisher

Fire sprinkler system is an Fire extinguisher is a portable or

automatic extinguishing system movable apparatus used to put
that prevent fire growth. out a small.
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Fire Fighting Equipment

Types of Extinguisher & Color Code & Uses

Water DCP CO2

CLASS- A CLASS- A,B,C CLASS- B,C

X
CLASS- B,C
X
CLASS- A,D

Foam W. C
CLASS- A,B X
CLASS- C CLASS- A,K
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Fire Fighting Equipment

Fire Extinguisher Operating Procedure

P A S S

Pull the Squeeze Sweep side

Aim the
safety the by side
target
pin trigger
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Fire Fighting Equipment

Fire Extinguisher Using TIPs
❖Check for your own safety before starting to extinguish a fire.
❖Assess the fire only a small fire should be fought using a fire extinguisher
❖Select the right type of fire extinguisher.
❖Remember the simple acronym P.A.S.S. : Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep,
❖Always try to work in pair for safety.
❖Target the base of the fire not the flame.
❖If fire extinguished at first sight, stay ready for re-ignition.
❖Keep minimum 8-10 feet distance from fire during use fire extinguisher.
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Fire Fighting Equipment

Fire Hydrant Color Code & Class

CLASS - AA CLASS - A CLASS - B CLASS - C

1500 GPM 1000-1499 GPM 500-999 GPM 500 GPM
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Fire Fighting Equipment

Fire Sprinkler Types & Color Code

Open Fire Sprinkler: Closed Fire Sprinkler:

Sprinkler that is not equipped with actuator Sprinkler that is equipped with actuator or
or heat response element. heat response element.
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Fire Fighting Equipment

Fire Sprinkler Types & Color Code

57 C/ 135 F

68 C / 155 F

79 C / 175 F

93 C / 200 F
141 C / 286 F

182 C / 360 F

NOTE: Quick Response - 3MM bulb, Standard Response - 5MM bulb

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Fire Fighting Equipment

Percolating Hose

Delivery Hose Non-Percolate

Hose Reel Hose

Types of Hose
Soft Suction
Suction Hose Hard Suction
Partially Embedded
Fully Embedded
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Fire Fighting Equipment

Soft Suction:
Percolating: Dimension- 102, 127 mm
Type of Hose Dimension- 38,50,63,70 mm Length- 8 to 15 meter.
Length- 15,22.5,30 meter.

Non-Percolating:
Dimension- 38,50,63,70 mm Partially Embedded:
Length- 15,22.5,30 meter. Dimension- 75, 100,140 mm
Length- 2.5 to 3 meter.

Hose Reel Hose: Fully Embedded:

Dimension- 19 mm Dimension- 75, 100,140 mm
Length- 30 to 60 meter. Length- 2.5 to 3 meter.
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END CHAPTTER 03
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Fire Extinguishing Method

01 02 03

Starvation Smothering Cooling

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Fire Extinguishing Method

Starvation

Starvation is the process of depriving the

fire from fuel. i.e. combustible materials.
Or
Remove fuel from fire.
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Fire Extinguishing Method

Smothering

Smothering is the process of depriving the

fire of oxygen needed to sustain the fire.
Or
Remove Oxygen from fire.
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Fire Extinguishing Method

Cooling

Cooling is the process of depriving the fire

of Heat e.g. by applying a substance such
as water that will absorb heat from the fire.
Or
Remove heat from fire.
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END CHAPTTER 04
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Fire Prevention & Fire Protection

01. Fire Prevention:

It is a proactive steps taken to reduce fire
hazards so that a fire does not have a
chance to ignite.

02. Fire Protection:

It is a reactive approach which minimize
potential damage or loss.
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Fire Prevention & Fire Protection

01. Fire Prevention

o Fire safety plan (approved)
o Risk assessment (update every 6 month)
o Workplace Inspections (daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly)
o Fire safety trainings (induction, annually)
o Regular fire drills
o Preventive maintenance (as per requirements)
o Housekeeping Management
o Material Management (5-S Technique)
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Fire Prevention & Fire Protection

02. Fire Protection

Active Fire Protection:

Active fire protection system is detect and extinguish a
fire. This can be either manual or automatic.

Passive Fire Protection:

Passive fire protection system will help to prevent fire
from spreading or resist the initial ignition.
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Fire Prevention & Fire Protection

Active Fire Protection Passive Fire Protection

o Smoke and heat alarm o Compartment

o Manual Call Point o Fire proofing
o Fire Sprinklers o Fire door
o Fire extinguishers o Fire wall
o Fire hydrants o Fire Stopper
o Video monitoring o Fire Curtain / Baffle
o Etc. o Etc.
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END CHAPTTER 05
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Fire Alarm System

Fire Alarm Control Panel:
A fire panel is a safety appliance that
receives information from devices
designed to detect and report fires,
monitor their operational integrity.
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Fire Alarm System

Types of Fire Alarm System

Conventional fire Panel: Addressable fire Panel:

Every device on the same It indicate the exact
circuit would report the same. location of fire or smoke.
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Fire Alarm System

Fire Detectors

Fire Detectors:
A device which can detect a fire, and provide a signal to an alarm circuit.
Fire detectors are different types;

1. Smoke Detectors
2. Heat Detectors
3. Flame Detectors
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Fire Alarm System

Types of Fire Detectors

Ionization SD

1.Smoke Detector Light Obstruction

Photoelectric SD

Light Scattering
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Fire Alarm System

Types of Fire Detectors

Fixed Temp HD

2. Heat Detector

Rate Of Rise HD
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Fire Alarm System

Types of Fire Detectors

IR Detector

3. Flame Detector

UV Detector
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Fire Alarm System

Manual Call Point

o It is a device used to initiate an alarm signal.

o They operate by means of a simple button press or when glass is broken
revealing a button.
o They can form part of a manual alarm system or an automatic alarm system.
o MCP activation is typically achieved through the use of a pull station or call
point which then sounds the evacuation alarm for the relevant building or zone.
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Fire Alarm System

Types of MCP
Push Type MCP

Manual Call Point Pull Type MCP

Glass Break MCP

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END CHAPTTER 06
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Fire Evacuation Procedure

Action on Hearing Alarm

• Don’t panic and be calm.

• Stop any activity immediately and prepare to leave the
room.
• Turn off all ignition sources such as AC, Equipment.
• Evacuate the room to nearest safe assembly area.
• Remain in the assembly area (in group) until instructed to
leave.
• After the all clear alarm you may continue your work.
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Fire Evacuation Procedure

Assembly Area Checklist

▪ All the employee assemble at their designated

assembly area.
▪ Assembly area far enough away from flying glass and
other objects
▪ Head count of Employees is done and reported to ERT
head.
▪ Injured are informed to the ERT Team.
▪ Access to emergency vehicles are not hindered
▪ Remain in the group until further notice.
▪ Do not re enter in building without permission.
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Fire Evacuation Procedure

Emergency Reporting

1. Call 911 and say this is an emergency.

2. Describe the incident location.

3. Describe the nature of incident.

4. Report injuries if any.

5. Give you name, badge number and contact.

6. Repeat the above information.

7. Stay on the line until further instructed.
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Fire Evacuation Procedure

RACE Method

R Rescue – rescue who is in immediate danger.

A Alert – Activate fire alarm (or) Dial emergency phone number.

C Contain/Confine– Close all doors and windows when evacuate,

E Extinguish/ Evacuate – Extinguish if small fires, if not then evacuate.

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Fire Evacuation Procedure

Duties of ERT

o All Fire Equipment's are always in working condition. Any deviation needs to
be reported to Facilities/Security Team.
o ERT should know the locations of Fire Extinguishers and their handling
techniques
o ERT is to help Security/Fire Team in case of any Fire incident.
o ERT needs to ensure that emergency situations are handled peacefully and
authoritatively without any stampede.
o ERT should know the details of Handicap person(s) and their workstation and
contact details.
o While evacuation of employees, priority to be given to disabled employees,
pregnant ladies and visitors.
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Fire Evacuation Procedure

Duties of ERT

o ERT assess the situation at the scene itself.

o If situation is not risky and can be controlled without any human safety risk then
control same.
o In case situation warrants to evacuate the building, start evacuation with
assistance of team members and simultaneously inform ERT Leader/Office
Head for assistance or guidance.
o Follow the instructions of ERT Leader/Office Head and handle it appropriately.
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Fire Evacuation Procedure

If your clothes are on fire:

Don’t run – it will Get down onto the Roll over -

make the fire floor this will put the flames
worse! out
1 2 3
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END CHAPTTER 07
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Fire Safety General Requirements

• Storage of flammable and combustible materials shall be minimum
• Incompatible materials (flammable and oxidizer) shall not be stored together
• Vegetation (weeds &grass)shall kept down
• Minimum clearance of 0.6m or 2ft shall be maintained between the ceiling and
the top level of any stocked material below
• Minimum 0.5m or 1.5ft clearance between top level of stocked material and
sprinkler head
• Temporary wiring shall be installed according to the provision of NFPA 70.
• Electrical equipment should be regularly checked
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Fire Safety General Requirements

• GFCI (Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters) shall be provided where required.
• Smoking is permitted only in designated “Smoking Area”
• Open fires or open burning of materials are strictly prohibited.
• Proper bonding & grounding techniques shall be used for any operation.
• Trained and certified Fire Watch should be present all the at hot work area.
• Monthly inspection of all FACP and Fire Fighting equipment.
• CO2 fire extinguisher is prohibited to use in Confined Space.
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END CHAPTTER 08
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QUIZ..?
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THANK YOU