Copia de Alpinion Ecube 8 - Compress

ICF^CH BN JPNTCGK×F
Tnv. 0 (NWPZHC)

Bnrngmjs bn cutjr y hkgnfgkc

Wn prjmédn hc rnprjbuggk÷f, cbcptcgk÷f j trcbuggk÷f skf pnriksj prnvkj pjr nsgrktj, nxgnptj
nxgnptj
snaÿf hj pnrikbj dcoj hcs hnyns bn bnrngmj bn cutjr
cutjr..
Hc kfljricgk÷f kfghukbc nf nstc auéc nstã suontc c gcidkjs skf prnvkj cvksj.
Hcs ÿfkgcs acrcfcs pcrc hjs prjbugtjs

prjbugtjs y hjs snrvkgkjs
sn rvkgkjs bn CHPKFKJF nstãf nxpunstcs nf
nh gnrgcbj bn acrcfc nxprnsj qun cgjipcóc c hjs prjbugtjs y hjs snrvkgkjs. Fj bndn
kftnrprntcrsn fcbc bn hj qun sn kfghuyn cqué gjij gjfstuvj bn ufc acrcfc cbkgkjfch.
kftnrprntcrsn
CHPKFKJF fj sn mcrã rnspjfscdhn bn hjs nrrjrns tëgfkgjs j nbktjrkchns fk bn hcs jikskjfns bn
gjftnfkbjs nf nstc auéc.
Bkspunstj pjr?
CHPKFKJF INBKGCH W[WRNIW Gj., HRB. HRB.
3LH cfb <LH, \nrbk Rjwnr,
14, Bkaktch-rj 4<-akh, Aurj-au, Wnjuh, Tnpudhkg jl Ejrnc
373<~3740 rjji, CGN MKAM-NFB Rjwnr 3st, 3st,

>, Bkaktch-rj 4<-akh, Aurj-au, Wnjuh, Tnpudhkg jl Ejrnc
R? +=4 4 74=4 0;01 L? +=4 4 =>3 >>;3 www.chpkfkjf.gji

www.chpkfkjf.gji
Gjpyrkamt © 4031 CHPKFKJF INBKGCH W[WRNIW Gj., HRB, Rjbjs
Rjbjs hjs bnrngmjs rnsnrvcbjs.
Tnakstrj bn rnvksk÷f
Hc skauknftn ns ufc hkstc bn gcidkjs y cbkgkjfns cphkgcbjs c nstc icfuch bnsbn su prkinrc
pudhkgcgk÷f.
Tnv Lngmc Bnsgrkpgk÷f
Tnv. 0 32 bn Oufkj bn 4031 Prkinrc pudhkgcgk÷f bnh icfuch bn jpnrcgk÷f

Rcdhc bn gjftnfkbjs
3. Kfljricg
Kfljricgk÷f
k÷f dãskgc bnh skstnic ..................................
..........................................................3-3
........................3-3
Kftrjbuggk÷f ...........................................................................................................3-4
Bjguinftcgk÷f ....................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................... 3-4
.....................................................................................................
..................................................................................................... 3-4
Gcrcgtnrésgc bnh skstnic
Bnsgrkpgk÷f anfnrch bn hc gjfsjhc ...........................................................................3->
\kstc lrjftch bnh skstnic ......................................................................................................3->
\kstc trcsnrc bnh skstnic .......................................................................................................

...................................................................................................... 3-<
\kstc hctnrch bnh skstnic .............................................

........................................................................................................
........................................................... 3-1
Ijfktjr ................................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................................ 3-=
Pcfnh bn gjftrjh ....................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................... 3-;
Rnghcbj SQNTR[ .................................................................................................................
................................................................................................................ 3-34
Pcftchhc tãgh ..........................................................................
......................................................................................................................
............................................ 3-37
Pcftchhc bn kicanf ................................................
.............................................................................................................
............................................................. 3-32
Kfkgkj bnh skstnic ..................................................................................................3-3>

Nfgnfbkbj .............................................................................
...........................................................................................................................
.............................................. 3-3>
Cpcacbj ..............................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. 3-3>
Rrcfsbugtjr ..........................................................................................................3-3<
Gjfnxk÷f bnh trcfsbugtjr ............................................
...................................................................................................
....................................................... 3-3<
Bnsgjfnxk÷f bnh trcfsbugtjr ..........................................

..............................................................................................
.................................................... 3-3<
Cgvcgk÷f bnh trcfsbugtjr ..................................................................................................

................................................................................................. 3-31
Bnscgvcgk÷f bnh trcfsbugtjr .........................................

............................................................................................
................................................... 3-31
4. Kfkgkj ...............................
..................................................................
...................................................................4-3
................................4-3
Gjiknfzj bn uf nxcinf ........................................................................................4-4

Pcftchhc bn rnakstrj bnh pcgknftn .......................................
..........................................................................................
................................................... 4-4
Gjiknfzj gjf uf funvj pcgknftn .....................................

........................................................................................
................................................... 4-7
Sukge KB .............................................................................
................................................................................................................................
................................................... 4-2
Dÿsqunbc bn uf pcgknftn nxkstnftn ......................................................................................

..................................................................................... 4-2
Gjiknfzj bn uf funvj nxcinf gjf uf pcgknftn nxkstnftn ............

.................................................
..................................... 4->
Tngupnrcgk÷f
Tngupnrcgk÷f bn hc kfljricgk÷f bnh pcgknftn inbkcftn hc hkstc bn trcdcoj ..........................
.......................... 4->
Lkfchkzcgk÷f bn uf nstubkj ...........................................
....................................................................................................
......................................................... 4-<

kicanf .....................................................................................4-1
Jpikzcgk÷f bn hc kicanf
Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj 4B .........................................
.........................................................................................................
................................................................4-1
4-1
Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj I ..........................................

........................................................................................................
..............................................................4-32
4-32
Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj GL .........................................

.......................................................................................................
..............................................................4-3<
4-3<
Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj PB ..........................................

.......................................................................................................
.............................................................4-3;
4-3;
Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj PQB .......................................

...................................................................................................
............................................................4-40
4-40
Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj GQB .......................................

...................................................................................................
............................................................4-47
4-47
Gjftrjhns bn lufgkjfciknftj bn hjs ijbjs 7B y 2B .........................................................4-42
Jtrjs gjftrjhns ..............................................
...................................................................................................................
.....................................................................4-4<
4-4<
Cbikfkstrcgk÷f bn kicanf y bctjs bnh pcgknftn ....................................................4-4;

Pjrtcpcpnhns .......................................................................................................................
......................................................................................................................4-4;
4-4;
N-vknw ..........................................................................
.................................................................................................................................
.......................................................4-70
4-70
Inbkgkjfns n kfljrins .........................................................................................4-72

Jpnrcgkjfns bn inbkgk÷f dãskgc .................................
........................................................................................
.......................................................4-72
4-72
\nftcfc bn rnsuhtcbjs bn inbkgkjfns ..............................

................................................................................
..................................................4-72
4-72
Inbkgkjfns dãskgcs .............................................................................................................
............................................................................................................4-7>
4-7>
Kfljrin ....................................................
...............................................................................................................................
...........................................................................4->0
4->0
7. Bnspuës bn tnrikfcr nh nxci

nxcinf
nf .........................................................7-3
.........................................................7-3
Prngjfl sksti..........................................................................................................7-4
Pcftchhc bn prncoustn bnh skstnic ................................
.........................................................................................
.........................................................7-4
7-4
Lhuoj bn trcdcoj anfnrch ........................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................7-4
7-4
Infÿs bn prncoustn bnh skstnic ..................................

...........................................................................................
.........................................................7-7
7-7
Gjfngvkbcb .................................................
.........................................................................................................................
........................................................................7-2
7-2
Gjpkc bn snaurkbcb/rnst
snaurkbcb/rnstcurcr
curcr ..............................................................................................7->
Gukbcbj y icftnfkiknftj bnh skstnic ....................................................................7-1

Icftnfkiknftj
Icftnfkiknftj bkcrkj........................................................................................................
...........................................................................................................
... 7-1
Icftnfkiknftj snicfch .......................................
......................................................................................................
...............................................................7-1
7-1
Icftnfkiknftj infsuch .......................................
......................................................................................................
...............................................................7-=
7-=
Gukbcbj y icftnfkiknftj bnh trcfsbugtjr ..............................................................7-;

Hkipknzc y bnskflnggk÷f bn hjs trcfsbugtjr
trcfsbugtjrns
ns ....................................................................7-30
Rrctciknftj bn hjs gcdhns .......................................
...................................................................................................
............................................................7-34
7-34
Icftnfkiknftj
Icftnfkiknftj phcfncbj ........................................
...................................................................................................
...........................................................7-34
7-34

2. Wnaurkbcb..............................
.................................................................
.............................................................2-3
..........................2-3
Tnsuinf sjdrn snaurkbcb ......................................................................................2-4

Cbvnrtnfgkc bn snaurkbcb ............................................
.....................................................................................................
......................................................... 2-4
Kfljricgk÷f bn snaurkbcb bnh nqukpj ...................................................................................

.................................................................................. 2-7
Kfljricgk÷f sjdrn hc snaurkbcb bnh pcgknftn .............................

.......................................................................
.......................................... 2-2
Kfljricgk÷f pcrc hc snaurkbcb nhëgtrkgc ..................................

...............................................................................
............................................. 2->
Kfljricgk÷f bn snaurkbcb bnh trcfsbugtjr ...............................

...........................................................................
............................................ 2-<
Kfljricgk÷f fjricvc
fjricvc ...........................................................................................2-1
Nquntcs y séidjhjs bnh skstnic

skstnic ..........................................................................2-30

3
Kfljricgk÷f dãskgc
bnh skstnic
Nstn gcpétuhj prnsnftc hj skauknftn?
Kftrjbuggk÷f ............................................................................................3-4
Bnsgrkpgk÷f anfnrch bn hc gjfsjhc ...........................................................3->
Kfkgkj bnh skstnic ...................................................................................3-3>
Rrcfsbugtjr ...........................................................................................3-3<
........................................................................................... 3-3<

Kftrjbuggk÷f
Bjguinftcgk÷f
Hc auéc rãpkbc bnh N-G^DN = (RTCB^GKBC) jlrngn kfljricgk÷f dãskgc qun nh usucrkj fngnsktc
pcrc uhkzcr nh skstnic bn ljric snaurc.
Pcrc iãs kfljricgk÷f, gjfsuhtn
gjfsuhtn nh Icfuch bnh usucrkj bnh N-G^DN =.
Gcrcgtnrésgc bnh skstnic

Rcdhc 3-3 Gcrcgtnrésgc bnh skstnic
• Chturc? 333>/3270 ii
• Cfgmj? >74 ii
Bkinfskjfns skgcs
• Prjlufbkbcb? 1=1 ii
• Pnsj? >> ea (jpgkjfns fj kfghukbcs)
• ictnrfjlntch
• Cdbjikfch (rnfch y AKF/pëhvkgj)
• Pnbkãtrkgj
• ×racfjs pnqunójs (icics, tnsguhjs, rjkbns)
• Gnlãhkgc pcrc cbuhtjs
Cphkgcgkjfns ghéfkgcs • Rrcfsrngtch
• Rrcfsvcakfch
• Iÿsguhj nsqunhëgj (gjfvn
(gjfvnfgkjfch,
fgkjfch, supnrgkch)
• Gcrbécgj (cbuhtj y pnbkãtrkgj)
• \csguhcr pnrklërkgj (\P)
• ^rjhjaéc (kfghusj nf pr÷st
pr÷stctc)
ctc)
• Ijbj 4B
• Ijbj cri÷fkgj (MCT)
• Ijbj I
•
Ijbj gjhjr I
• Ijbj cfct÷ikgj I (CII)
• Ijbj Bjpphnr uoj gjhjr (GL)
Ijbjs bn bkcaf÷sgj pjr
• Ijbj Bjpphnr bn pjtnfgkc (PB)
kiãanfns bkspjfkdhns
• Ijbj PB bkrnggkjfch
• Ijbj Bjpphnr bn jfbc puhscbc (PQB)
• Ijbj Bjpphnr bn jfbc gjffuc (GQB)
• Ijbj Bjpphnr bn LTP chtc
• Ijbj bn kicanf suhcr Bjpphnr (RBK)
• Ijbj 7B/2B
3-4 Kfljricgk÷f dãskgc bnh skstnic

• ]pnnbℤ
• Luhh WTKℤ
• Kicanf bn gjipjskgk÷f nspcgkch (WGK)
• Kicanf bn gjipjskgk÷f bn lrngunfgkc (LGK)
• Pcfjrãikgc
• Ngjarcc bn nstrës
Rngfjhjaéc bn prjgnsciknftj
• Gudn Wtrckfℤ
bn kiãanfns
•
Hkvn MSℤ
• Fnnbhn \kskjfℤ/Fnnbhn \kskjfℤ Phus
• NGA
• Nhcstjarcc
• Kicanf cri÷fkgc bn tnokbj htrcbc (LRMK)
• Kicanf cri÷fkgc bn tnokbj pjr kfvnrsk÷f bn puhsj (PRMK)
• Rrcfsbugtjr pj hãpkz Bjpphnr
• Rrcfsbugtjr bn crrnahj hkfnch
• Rrcfsbugtjr bn crrnahj bn lcsn
Rrcfsbugtjrns jpnrcdhns
• Rrcfsbugtjr bn crrnahj gjfvnxj
• Rrcfsbugtjr bn nfbjgcvkbcb
• Rrcfsbugtjr gjfvnxj bn vjhuinf
Kfghuyn kfljrins pcrc?
• Cdbjinf
• JD
• AKF
• Gcrbkjhjaéc
• \csguhcr
Pcquntn bn inbkgk÷f
• ^rjhjaéc
• Pnbkctréc
• ×racfjs pnqunójs
• Icics
• IusgNsq
• NI
• Bkstcfgkc
• Nhkpsn
• Rrczcbj
• Gurvcturc
• \nhjgkbcb
• Rknipj
Inbkgkjfns bkspjfkdhns
• Pnfbknftn
• Cgnhnrcgk÷f
• Gãhguhj cutjiãgj
• Gãhguhj snikcutjiãgj
• KIA Cutj
•
Cutj FR
Kftrjbuggk÷f
Kftrjbuggk÷f 3-7

• \nrkgcgk÷f
• Chicgnfciknftj BKGJI
• Kiprnsk÷f BKGJI
• Gjiprjiksj bn chicgnfciknftj BKGJI
• Inbkjs BKGJI
• Hkstc bn trcdcoj BKGJI
Gjfngvkbcb • BKGJI PPTI
•
Chicgnfciknftj bn rnb
• HCF kfchãidrkgc (Jpgkjfch)
• Kfljrin nstrugturcbj BKGJI (JD-AKF)
• Kfljrin nstrugturcbj BKGJI (Ngjgcrbkjarcc)
• Kfljrin nstrugturcbj BKGJI (\csguhcr)
• Gudn \knwℤ
• Kfahës
• Chniãf
• Lrcfgës
• Nspcójh
Kftnrlcz bn usucrkj
• Ktchkcfj
• Tusj
• Pjrtuauës
• Gmkfj

Bnsgrkpgk÷f anfnrch bn hc gjfsjhc

\kstc lrjftch bnh skstnic
Gjipjfnftns prkfgkpchns bn su skstnic?
Lkaurc 3-3 Wkstnic N-G^DN = (\kstc lrjftch)
F.° Gjipjfnftn F.° Gjipjfnftn
3 Ijfktjr (pcftchhc bn 43,> puhacbcs) < Pcfnh bn gjftrjh
4 Hãipcrc HNB 1 Icfkoc
7 Gchnftcbjr bn anh = Wjpjrtn bnh gcdhn bnh trcfsbugtjr
2 Wjpjrtn bnh trcfsbugtjr ; Punrtj GQ
> Wjpjrtn bnh trcfsbugtjr
PTNGC^GK×F
Pjr rczjfns bn gjipcdkhkbcb, usn ÿfkgcinftn trcfsbugtjrns, pnrklërkgjs j cggnsjrkjs
cprjdcbjs pjr CHPKFKJF INBKGCH W[WRNIW.

gjfsjhc 3->

\kstc trcsnrc bnh skstnic
Lkaurc 3-4 Wkstnic N-G^DN = (\kstc trcsnrc)
3 Pcfnh bn N/W (nftrcbc/schkbc) 7 Nftrcbc bn GC
4 Kftnrruptjr bn nfgnfbkbj/cpcacbj 2 Punrtj bn NGA

bnh skstnic
FJRC
Gucfbj gjfngtn uf ijfktjr nxtnrfj
nxtnrfj c su skstnic, uhégnhj gjf ufc rnsjhugk÷f bn 37<< x 1<=
j supnrkjr
supnr kjr..
3-< Kfljricgk÷f dãskgc bnh skstnic

\kstc hctnrch bnh skstnic
Lkaurc 3-7 Wkstnic N-G^DN = (\kstc hctnrch)
3 Drczj bnh ijfktjr 7 Dhjqunj bn runbcs
4 Punrtj bnh trcfsbugtjr 2 Tunbc
gjfsjhc 3-1

Ijfktjr
Gjftrcstn,
Gjftrcstn, drkhhj y drkhhj tnfun
Pcrc coustcr nh gjftrcstn,
3 Prnskjfn nh djt÷f Ijbj/Wnhnggk÷f

Ijbj/Wnhnggk÷f (
( ) nf nh ijfktjr ufc vnz.
4 Pcrc cuinftcr nh gjftrcstn, prnskjfn nh djt÷f Crrkdc

Crrkdc ( ( ). Prn
Prnsk
skjf
jfnn nh dj
djt÷
t÷ff Cdcoj
Cdcoj (
( )
pcrc bksikfukr nh gjftrcstn.
gjftrcstn. Tnpktc nh pcsj 4 mcstc qun sn chgcfgn nh vchjr bnsncbj.
FJRC
Nh vchjr bn gjftrcstn cgtuch sn iunstrc nf hc pcftchhc.
Pcrc coustcr nh drkhhj bnh ijfktjr,

Ijbj/Wnhnggk÷f (
( ) nf
nf nh
nh ijf
ijfkt
ktjr
jr bj
bjss vng
vngns
ns..
4 Pcrc cuinftcr nh drkhhj, prnskjfn nh djt÷f Crrkdc

Crrkdc ( ( ). Prn
Prnsk
skjf
jfnn nh dj
djt÷
t÷ff Cdcoj
Cdcoj ( ( ) pcrc
bksikfukr nh drkhhj. Tnpktc nh pcsj 4 mcstc qun sn chgcfgn nh vchjr bnsncbj.
FJRC
Nh vchjr bn drkhhj cgtuch sn iunstrc nf hc pcftchhc.
Pcrc coustcr
coustcr nh drkhhj bn hc pcftchhc tãgh,
3 Prnskjfn mcgkc crrkdc nh Djt÷f bn drkhhj sk

drkhhj sk quknrn cuinftcrhj.
4 Prnskjfn mcgkc cdcoj nh Djt÷f bn drkhhj sk

drkhhj sk quknrn bksikfukrhj.
Pcrc coustcr nh drkhhj tnfun,

Ijbj/Wnhnggk÷f (
( ) nf nh ij
ijfk
fktj
tjrr trn
trnss vngn
vngns.
s.
4 Pcrc cuinftcr nh drkhhj tnfun, prnskjfn nhn h djt÷f Crrkdc

Crrkdc ( ( ). Prn
Prnsk
skjf
jfnn nh dj
djt÷
t÷ff Cdcoj
Cdcoj (
( )
pcrc bksikfukr nh drkhhj tnfun. Tnpktc nh pcsj 4 mcstc qun sn chgcfgn nh vchjr bnsncbj.
FJRC
Nh vchjr bn drkhhj tnfun cgtuch sn iunstrc nf hc pcftchhc.
3-= Kfljricgk÷f dãskgc bnh skstnic

Pcfnh bn gjftrjh
Nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh punbn uhkzcrsn pcrc gjftrjhcr nh skstnic.
Lkaurc 3-2 Bkspjskgk÷f bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh
Fj Gjftrjhs Bnsgrkpjf
3 RAG shkbns ^hkgn nstjs gjftrjhns pcrc rnauhcr hjs vchjrns bn RAG nf hcs kiãanfns.
^hkgn nstjs gjftrjhns pcrc snhnggkjfcr j coustcr hcs lufgkjfns bnh

infÿ bn tnghcs bn lufgk÷f prjarcicdhn nf hc pcrtn kflnrkjr bn hc
pcftchhc tãgh.
4 Wj enys • Wnhnggkjfn nh infÿ bn tnghcs bn lufgk÷f prjarcicdhn qun
gjrrnspjfbc.
•
Tnchkgn ufcprjarcicdhn.
bn lufgk÷f rjtcgk÷f pcrc rnauhcr hc lufgk÷f bnh infÿ bn tnghcs
7 Pjwnr jf/jl ^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc nfgnfbnr y cpcacr nh skstnic.
^hkgn nstjs gjftrjhns pcrc cggnbnr c hcs lufgkjfns bnfkbcs pjr

2 ^snr (3~7)
nh usucrkj.
> Kicakfa ijbns ^hkgn nstjs gjftrjhns pcrc cgvcr hjs ijbjs I, PQ, GL j 4B.
^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc cgvcr nh ijbj Bjpphnr bn jfbc

GQ
gjffuc (GQ). Nstn gjftrjh ns jpgkjfch.
<
PB ^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc cgvcr nh ijbj Bjpphnr bn pjtnfgkc.
7B2B ^hkgn nstjs gjftrjhns pcrc cgvcr hjs ijbjs 7B j 2B.

gjfsjhc 3-;

Nfb Nxci ^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc fchkzcr nh nxcinf cgtuch.
^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc vksuchkzcr hc pcftchhc Tnakstrj bnh

Pcnft
pcgknftn. Punbn kfarnscr bctjs bnh pcgknftn.
^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc snhnggkjfcr nh trcfsbugtjr, hc cphkgcgk÷f y

Prjdn
1 nh prncoustn bnsncbjs.
^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc grncr uf kfljrin c pcrr bnh rnsuhtcbj
Tnpjrt
bnh nxcinf y nbktcrhj.
^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc cgvcr hc cbikfkstrcgk÷f bn kiãanfns

N-vknw
gjf hcs jpgkjfns bn fchkzcgk÷f bn nstubkj.
^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc nsgrkdkr vchjrns fuiërkgjs y tnxtjs.

= SQNTR[ enydjcrb
^sn tmks gjftrjh tj typn fuinrkg vchuns cfb tnxts.
^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc snhnggkjfcr hc lufgk÷f bnsncbc bnh infÿ

; Wnhngt
gjftnxtuch nf hc pcftchhc.
^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc gcidkcr uf ãfauhj.

•
Nf ijbj 4B j Gjhjr, akrcr pcrc coustcr hc bkrnggk÷f bnh ãfauhj.
• Nf ijbj GQ j PQ, akrcr pcrc coustcr nh ãfauhj bn Bjpphnr gjrrngtj.
30 Cfahn • Nf nh ijbj bn pctr÷f bn Gunrpj, akrcr pcrc coustcr nh ãfauhj
bn hc sjfbc.
• Nf nh ijbj bn ngmc, akrcr pcrc coustcr nh ãfauhj bn hc ngmc.
• Nf ijbj GQ j PQ, prnskjfcr pcrc coustcr nh ãfauhj rãpkbj.
^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc djrrcr hc ngmc, hjs gjinftcrkjs y hcs

Ghncr
inbkgkjfns.
33
^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc schkr bn hc pcftchhc cgtuch (ijbj) y vjhvnr
Nxkt
c hc pcftchhc cftnrkjr
cftnrkjr (ijbj).
^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc rnauhcr hc prjlufbkbcb bn nsgcfnj bn ufc

Bnptm kicanf.
Ljgus ^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc mcgnr ljgj nf nh ãrnc bn kftnrës.

34
^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc cgvcr nh ijbj bn cgnrgciknftj.
• Tnchkgn ufc rjtcgk÷f pcrc cgvcr nh Cgnrgciknftj bn hngturc.
_jji
• Prnskjfn y cgvn nh Cgnrgciknftj pcrc nsgrkturc nf nh ijbj bn
Cgnrgciknftj bn hngturc.
^hkgn nstjs gjftrjhns pcrc vnr ufc kicanf nf ufc pcftchhc bjdhn
37 Kican hcyjut enys
j guãbruphn.

^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc jpikzcr cutjiãgcinftn hjs

]pnnb
32 pcrãintrjs bn kicanf nf hc pcftchhc nf vkvj.
P3, P4 ^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc kiprkikr hcs kiãanfns.
^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc vksuchkzcr nh gursjr nf hc pcftchhc y

Wnt/Gur gjfaurcr hc lufgk÷f cgtuch. Punbn snhnggkjfcr uf infÿ bn hc
gjfaurcr
pcftchhc inbkcftn nh usj bn nstn gursjr.
Djby Pcnrf ^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc vksuchkzcr hcs kiãanfns bn aurcs.
Rnxt ^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc mcgnr cfjtcgkjfns nf hcs kiãanfns.

3> ^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc rnauhcr hc prkjrkbcb bn Rrcgedchh.
• Nf nh ijbj 4B, prnskjfn pcrc snhnggkjfcr hc prkjrkbcb nftrn hcs
lufgkjfns bn cfgmj n kfghkfcgk÷f.
Gmcfan
• Nf nh ijbj Bÿphnx j Rréphnx, prnskjfn pcrc snhnggkjfcr hc
prkjrkbcb nftrn hcs TJK (rnakjfns bn kftnrës) bn hjs ijbjs bn
bkcaf÷sgj pjr kiãanfns cgvcbjs.
Incsurn ^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc hhnvcr c gcdj ufc inbkgk÷f.
^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc bnsphczcrsn pjr hjs infÿs j hcs jpgkjfns
3< Rrcgedchh
bn hc pcftchhc ijvknfbj nh gursjr.
31 Lrnnzn ^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc kfkgkcr n kftnrruipkr nh nsgcfnj.
3= P7 ^hkgn nstn gjftrjh pcrc kiprkikr hcs kiãanfns.
gjfsjhc 3-33

Rnghcbj SQNTR[
Pcrc cdrkr nh tnghcbj SQNTR[,
‗ Prnskjfn nh djrbn bnh tnghcbj. Nh tnghcbj sn bnshkzc mcgkc clunrc gjf sucvkbcb.
Pcrc gnrrcr nh tnghcbj SQNTR[,

‗ Bnshkgn nh djrbn bnh tnghcbj bnftrj hc gjfsjhc, y hunaj nipÿonhj.
Lkaurc 3-> Rnghcbj SQNTR[
Rnghcs nspngkchns
F.° Gjftrjhns Bnsgrkpgk÷f
3 Sukge KB Cggnbn c hc pcftchhc Sukge KB.
4 Pcnft Drjwsn Cggnbn ch infÿ N-\knw

infÿ N-\knw..
7 Kican Prnsnt Cggnbn ch infÿ Prncoustn bn hc kicanf.

kicanf.
2 Wystni Prnsnt Cggnbn ch infÿ Prncoustns bnh skstnic.

skstnic.
> BKGJI Wpjjh Cggnbn ch infÿ Wpjjhnr BKGJI.

BKGJI.
< L1 Grnc nh funvj vchjr prnbnfkbj.
1 B\T Cggnbn ch infÿ B\T

B\T..
= Mnhp Cggnbn ch icfuch

i cfuch nhngtr÷fkgj.
; Nongt Nxpuhsc uf inbkj nxtrcédhn (GB, B\B j ^WD).
30 Mkbn Jguhtn hcs cfjtcgkjfns (Rnxtj, Pctr÷f Gjrpjrch, y Lhngmc).
33 Ghncr Chh Nhkikfn tjbcs hcs cfjtcgkjfns (Rnxtj, Pctr÷f Gjrpjrch, y Lhngmc).
34 Dkjpsy Iunstrcc hc auéc

Iunstr a uéc bn dkjpskc.

F.° Gjftrjhns Bnsgrkpgk÷f
37 Kfkch Tnkfkgkn y rnarnsn ch ijbj 4B.
32 Nfb Nxci Lkfchkzc nh nstubkj cgtuch.
Pcftchhc tãgh
Nh skstnic bn uhtrcsjfkbj pjsnn hc pcftchhc tãgh qun hn pnriktn cggnbnr lãgkhinftn c hjs
infÿs j rnauhcr hcs jpgkjfns nf hc pcftchhc bnh ijfktjr cgtuch. Gjf hc pcftchhc tãgh, tcidkëf
punbn kfarnscr tnxtj nf huacr bn uscr nh tnghcbj SQNTR[.
SQNTR[. Wkiphninftn tjqun nh infÿ j hc
jpgk÷f qun bnsnn.
Lkaurc 3-< Pcftchhc tãgh
gjfsjhc 3-37

Pcftchhc bn kicanf
Hc pcftchhc bn kicanf gjfskstn nf ufc kicanf bn uhtrcsjfkbj, kfljricgk÷f bn hc cphkgcgk÷f,
kfljricgk÷f bnh pcgknftn n kfbkgcbjrns.
3 4 7 2 37
30
> 1 34 32
; 33
<
3<
3>
Lkaurc 3-1 Pcftchhc bn kicanf
Icrgcbjr bn jrknftcgk÷f bnh

Hjajpj y fjidrn bnh mjspktch 30
3 trcfsbugtjr
Lngmc y mjrc cgtuchns 33 Ãrnc bn kicanf
4 KB bnh pcgknftn, fjidrn bnh pcgknftn 34 Pcrãintrj bn kicanf
KB bnh jpnrcbjr, fjidrn bnh

7 37 Kfbkgcbjr bn pjrtcpcpnhn
pjrtcpcpnhnss
trcfsbugtjr
2 Éfbkgn ingãfkgj, éfbkgn tërikgj 32 Pjrtcpcpnhns bn kicanf
\nftcfc bn rnlnrnfgkc bn Dhjqunj bn séidjhjs, dhjqunj bn

>
cgnrgciknftj icyÿsguhcs, gjfnxk÷f ^WD, gjfnxk÷f
bn rnb, gjfnxk÷f bn rnb kfchãidrkgc,
< Infÿ bn inbkgkjfns nquntcbcs 3>
tnghc bnfkbc pjr nh usucrkj, nstcbj bn
gjpkc bn snaurkbcb bn bctjs, gjfnxk÷f
1 Dcrrc bn nsgchc bn arksns/gjhjr bn Gudn \knw
= Icrgcbjr bn zjfc bnh ljgj Kgjfjs bn pjrtcpcpnhns? Pcpnhnrc bn

rngkghcon, ljrictj bn prnsnftcgk÷f
3<
skiphn y bjdhn, bnsphczciknftj mcgkc
; Icrgcbjr bn nsgchc bn prjlufbkbcb
crrkdc/cdcoj/kfkgkj/fch

Kfkgkj bnh skstnic

Nfgnfbkbj
3 Csnaÿrnsn bn qun nh gcdhn bn chkinftcgk÷f nstë nfgmulcbj nf nh tjicgjrrknftn.
PTNGC^GK×F
Csnaÿrnsn bn qun nh skstnic sn chkinftn bn uf tjicgjrrknftn snpcrcbj y ghcskgcbj nf
ljric cbngucbc.
4 Prnskjfn nh kftnrruptjr bn Nfgnfbkbj/
Nfgnfbkbj/Cpcacbj
Cpcacbj bnh skstnic
skstnic qun
qun nstã nf hc pcrtn kflnrkjr
trcsnrc pcrc cgvcr nh skstnic.
7 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UPjwnr Jf/JlY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
Cpcacbj
PTNGC^GK×F
Fj bnsgjfngtn nh gcdhn bn chkinftcgk÷f burcftn nh lufgkjfciknftj bnh skstnic. Fj prnskjfn
Nfgnfbkbj/Cpcacbj bnh skstnic cftns
skstnic cftns bn prnskjfcr hc tnghc UPjwnr Jf/JlY. Nstj punbn
prjvjgcr hc përbkbc bn bctjs j bcójs nf nh prjarcic bnh skstnic.
FJRC
Wnaÿf hc gjfaurcgk÷f bn cpcacbj, punbn cgvcr nh Ijbj bn suspnfsk÷f j cpcacr nh skstnic
bn kfinbkctj. Pcrc gcidkcr hjs coustns bn cpcacbj, prnskjfn hc tnghc UWystni PrnsntY y vcyc c
Wkstnic 6
Wkstnic 6 Anfnrch
Anfnrch 6
6 Cpcacr
Cpcacr..
3 \cyc c hc pcftchhc bn nsgcfnj y prnskjfn hc tnghc UPjwnr Jf/JlY bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.

\cyc
Cpcrngnrã nh gucbrj bn bkãhjaj Cpcacr .
4 Mcac ghkg nf Cpcacbj

Cpcacbj gjf
gjf URrcgedchhY.
Nh prjgnsj bn cpcacbj tcrbc ufjs snaufbjs y fchkzc gucfbj hc huz bn ljfbj bnh pcfnh
bn gjftrjh sn cpcac.
FJRC
Wk nh skstnic fj sn mc cpcacbj gjiphntcinftn bnspuës bn <0 snaufbjs, prnskjfn hc
tnghc UPjwnr Jf/JlY mcstc qun sn cpcaun.
Kfkgkj bnh skstnic

skstnic 3-3>

Rrcfsbugtjr
Gjfnxk÷f bnh trcfsbugtjr
Punbn gjfngtcr nh trcfsbugtjr ch punrtj bnh trcfsbugtjr gucfbj nh skstnic nstë nfgnfbkbj j
cpcacbj. Csnaÿrnsn bn prnskjfcr hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f ULrnnznY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh cftns bn
gjfngtcr nh trcfsbugtjr.
PTNGC^GK×F
Fj tjqun ch pcgknftn ch gjfngtcr j bnsgjfngtcr uf trcfsbugtjr.
3 Tnvksn sk prnskjfc hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f ULrnnznY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
4 Bnshkgn nh jdturcbjr mcgkc cdcoj pcrc cdrkr nh punrtj bnh trcfsbugtjr.

trcfsbugtjr.
7 Kftrjbuzgcc nh gjfngtjr bnh trcfsbugtjr nf nh punrtj bnh trcfsbugtjr.

Kftrjbuzg trcfsbugtjr.
PTNGC^GK×F
Fj kftrjbuzgc c hc lunrzc nh gjfngtjr bnh trcfsbugtjr nf nh skstnic. Hc gjfnxk÷f
kfcbngucbc punbn prjvjgcr bcójs nf nh skstnic y nh trcfsbugtjr.
2 Akrn hc icfkoc bn dhjqunj bnh gjfngtjr nf snfbj mjrcrkj.
FJRC
Bnspuës bn gjfngtcr nh trcfsbugtjr ch skstnic, bndn cgvcr nh trcfsbugtjr bnsncbj
snhnggkjfãfbjhj
snhnggkjfãfbjhj bn hc pcftchhc.
Bnsgjfnxk÷f bnh trcfsbugtjr

Punbn bnsgjfngtcr nh trcfsbugtjr bnh punrtj bnh trcfsbugtjr gucfbj nh skstnic nstë nfgnfbkbj
j cpcacbj. Csnaÿrnsn bn prnskjfcr hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f ULrnnznY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh cftns bn
bnsgjfngtcr nh trcfsbugtjr.
PTNGC^GK×F
Fj tjqun hc supnrgkn nxpunstc bnh gjfngtjr bnh trcfsbugtjr gucfbj nh trcfsbugtjr sn nxtrcn.
3 Tnvksn sk prnskjfc hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f ULrnnznY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
4 Akrn hc icfkoc bn dhjqnj bnh gjfngtjr nf snfbj-gjftrcmjrcrkj.

snfbj-gjftrcmjrcrkj.
7 Suktn nh gjfngtjr bnh trcfsbugtjr bnh punrtj bnh trcfsbugtjr

trcfsbugtjr..
2 Bnshkgn nh jdturcbjr mcgkc crrkdc pcrc gnrrcr nh punrtj bnh trcfsbugtjr.

trcfsbugtjr.
3-3< Kfljricgk÷f dãskgc bnh skstnic

Cgvcgk÷f bnh trcfsbugtjr

^sn nh skauknftn prjgnbkiknftj pcrc cgvcr nh trcfsbugtjr y hc cphkgcgk÷f.
3 Nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh, prnskjfn hc tnghc URrcfsbugnrY.

Cpcrngn nh gucbrj bn bkãhjaj pcrc hc snhnggk÷f
snhngg k÷f bnh trcfsbugtjr y hc cphkgcgk÷f.
4 Wnhnggkjfn nh trcfsbugtjr
trcfsbugtjr,, cphkgcgk÷f y prncoustn bnsncbjs nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
FJRC
Nh trcfsbugtjr prnbntnrikfcbj pcrc nh prncoustn snhnggkjfcbj j nh prncoustn
prnbntnrikfcbj pcrc nh trcfsbugtjr snhnggkjfcbj sn snhnggkjfc cutjiãgcinftn.
7 Mcac ghkg nf Wchkr

Wchkr pcrc
pcrc fchkzcr hc snhnggk÷f bnh trcfsbugtjr.
trcfsbugtjr.
FJRC
Wk snhnggkjfc hc gcskhhc bn vnrkgcgk÷f Wnhnggk÷f bn coustns cutjiãgjs gucfbj
gcidkc nh trcfsbugt
trcfsbugtjr jr,, sn iunstrcf hc cphkgcgk÷f prnbntnrikfcbc y nh prncoustn pcrc nh
trcfsbugtjr snhnggkjfcbj.
Bnscgvcgk÷f bnh trcfsbugtjr

FJRC
Cftns bn bnscgvcr nh trcfsbugtjr, prnskjfn hc tnghc ULrnnznY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh. Punbn
jgurrkr uf nrrjr sk bnscgvc nh trcfsbugtjr iknftrcs nh skstnic nstã nf lufgkjfciknftj.
^sn nh skauknftn prjgnbkiknftj pcrc bnscgvcr nh trcfsbugtjr

trcfsbugtjr..
3 Prnskjfn hc tnghc ULrnnznY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
4 Hkipkn sucvninftn nh nxgnsj bn anh bn hc supnrgkn bnh trcfsbugtjr.

trcfsbugtjr.
7 Gjhjqun nh trcfsbugtjr nf nh sjpjrtn.
Rrcfsbugtjr
Rrcfsbugtjr 3-31

4
Kfkgkj
Gjiknfzj bn uf nxcin
nxcinf
f .........................................................................4-4
Jpikzcgk÷f bn hc kicanf ......................................................................4-1
Cbikfkstrcgk÷f bn kicanf y bctjs bnh pcgknftn ....................................4-4;
Inbkgkjfns n kfljrins ..........................................................................4-72

Gjiknfzj bn uf nxcinf
Pcftchhc bn rnakstrj bnh pcgknftn
Hjs skauknftns gjipjfnftns sn iunstrcf nf hc pcftchhc?
>
3
<
Lkaurc 4-3 Pcftchhc bnh pcgknftn
3 Wnhnggk÷f bn lufgk÷f 2 Kfljricgk÷f bnh nxcinf
4 Kfljricgk÷f bnh pcgknftn > Hkstc bn pcgknftns/Hkstc bn nstubkjs
7 Wnhnggk÷f bn cphkgcgkjfns < Aucrbcr y schkr, Wchkr
4-4 Kfkgkj

Gjiknfzj gjf uf funvj pcgknftn

3 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UPcnftY bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh pcrc vksuchkzcr hc pcftchhc Tnakstrj bnh
pcgknftn.
4 Nf hc pcftchhc Tnakstrj bnh pcgknftn, kfarnsn hc kfljricgk÷f bnh pcgknftn uscfbj nh

tnghcbj SQNTR[. Rcidkëf punbn snhnggkjfcr y uscr nh tnghcbj vkrtuch nf hc pcftchhc
tãgh.
7 Nh gursjr sn pjskgkjfc nf nh gcipj KB pcgknftn. Kfarnsn hc kfljricgk÷f bnh pcgknftn gjf nh

tnghcbj chlcfuiërkgj.
FJRC
Hcs tnghcs URCDY j UNftnrY bnh tnghcbj SQNTR[ hn pnriktnf fcvnacr c trcvës bn gcbc
•
gcipj bn hc pcftchhc Tnakstrj bnh pcgknftn. Punbn uhkzcr URrcgedchhY

URrcgedchhY y
y hc tnghc UWntY
nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh pcrc ijvnr y ocr nh gursjr.
Pcrc anfnrcr cutjiãgcinftn uf KB bn pcgknftn gjf hc lngmc y hc mjrc?
•
tnghc UWystni PrnsntY y

‗ Prnskjfn hc tnghc PrnsntY y vcyc c Kfljricgk÷f bnh pcgknftn. Icrqun hc
gcskhhc bn vnrkgcgk÷f Anfnrcgk÷f cutjiãgc bnh KB.
tnghc Sukge KB bnh
‗ Prnskjfn hc tnghc KB bnh tnghcbj SQNTR[ y icrqun hc gcskhhc bn vnrkgcgk÷f
Anfnrcgk÷f cutjiãgc bnh KB nf hc pcftchhc Sukge KB.
‗ Wnhnggkjfn Tnakstrj rãpkbj nf
rãpkbj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
2 Wnhnggkjfn hc cphkgcgk÷f bnsncbc bn hcs gctnajrécs bn cphkgcgkjfns pcrc nh nxcinf? CDB,

JD, AKF, GCTB, \CW, ^TJ, WIP,
WIP, Icics, IusgNsq, RGB j NI. Gucfbj snhnggkjfn ufc
gctnajréc, cpcrngnrãf hjs prncoustns bn hc gctnajréc y hcs inbkgkjfns.
> Kftrjbuzgc
Kftrjbuzgc hc kfljricgk÷f bn hc cphkgcgk÷f rnqunrkbc pcrc hc cphkgcgk÷f snhnggkjfcbc.
FJRC
Pcrc gjfaurcr hc ufkbcb bn inbkgk÷f, prnskjfn hc tnghc UWystni PrnsntY y
• PrnsntY y vcyc c
Wkstnic 6 Anfnrch 6 ^dkgcgk÷f 6 ^fkbcb.
Gucfbj gcidkc nh KB bn jpnrcbjr nf hc pcftchhc Tnakstrj bnh pcgknftn, cpcrngn nh
•
gucbrj bn bkãhjaj Tnakstrj nf hc pcftchhc. Wnhnggkjfn

Wnhnggkjfn nh KB bn jpnrcbjr bnsncbj bnh
gcipj KB bn jpnrcbjr , nsgrkdc ufc gjftrcsnóc vãhkbc nf nh gcipj Gjftrcsnóc y
hunaj mcac ghkg nf Cgnptcr.
< Kfarnsn hc kfljricgk÷f anfnrch bn hc cphkgcgk÷f.
1 Mcac ghkg nf Aucrbcr y schkr j snhnggkjfn Nipnzcr nxcinf nf

nxcinf nf hc pcftchhc tãgh pcrc
aucrbcr hc kfljricgk÷f bnh pcgknftn y bn hc cphkgcgk÷f. Cpcrngn hc pcftchhc bn nsgcfnj.
Wk mcgn ghkg nf Wchkr
Wchkr,, vunhvc c hc pcftchhc bn nsgcfnj skf aucrbcr hc kfljricgk÷f bnh
pcgknftn y bn hc cphkgcgk÷f.
Gjiknfzj bn uf nxcinf 4-7

Sukge KB
3 Prnskjfn hc tnghc USukge KBY nf nh tnghcbj SQNTR[. J snhnggkjfn Tnakstrj rãpkbj nf hc
pcftchhc tãgh.
Cpcrngn hc pcftchhc Sukge KB.
4 Kfarnsn nh KB, fjidrn, lngmc bn fcgkiknftj y snxj bnh pcgknftn. ßfkgcinftn hc cphkgcgk÷f
JD iunstrc hjs gcipjs HIP y NBB.
FJRC
Hcs tnghcs URCDY j UNftnrY bnh tnghcbj SQNTR[ hn pnriktnf fcvnacr c trcvës bn gcbc
gcipj bn hc pcftchhc Sukge KB. Punbn uhkzcr URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY y
y hc tnghc UWntY nf nh pcfnh bn
gjftrjh pcrc ijvnr y ocr nh gursjr.
Pcrc kfarnscr iãs kfljricgk÷f, kfghuynfbj hc bn hc cphkgcgk÷f, vcyc c hc pcftchhc Tnakstrj
bnh pcgknftn prnskjfcfbj hc tnghc UPcnftY bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
7 Mcac ghkg nf Cgnptcr

Cgnptcr pcrc
pcrc aucrbcr hc kfljricgk÷f bnh pcgknftn.
Dÿsqunbc bn uf pcgknftn nxkstnftn

3 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UPcnftY bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh. Cpcrngn hc pcftchhc Tnakstrj bnh pcgknftn.
4 Wnhnggkjfn uf grktnrkj bn dÿsqunbc (KB bnh pcgknftn, fjidrn, lngmc bn fcgkiknftj, snxj,
lngmc bnh nxcinf y dhjqunj) bn hc hkstc bnsphnacdhn Dusgcr y
y nsgrkdc ufc pchcdrc ghcvn
bn dÿsqunbc.
Wk snhnggkjfc Lngmc bnh nxcinf, punbn snhnggkjfcr uf pnréjbj bnsncbj (mjy, ÿhic
snicfc, ins pcscbj y ÿhijs 7 insns) y ufc lngmc nspngégc bn hc hkstc bnsphnacdhn.
FJRC
Pcrc vnr tjbjs hjs pcgknftns rnakstrcbjs iknftrcs kfarnsc ufc pchcdrc ghcvn bn
dÿsqunbc, mcac ghkg nf Hkipkcr.
7 Hjs pcgknftns qun guiphcf gjf nsjs grktnrkjs cpcrngnrãf nf hc hkstc bn pcgknftns.
4-2 Kfkgkj

Gjiknfzj bn uf funvj nxcinf gjf uf pcgknftn nxkstnftn

FJRC
Gucfbj rnakstrc uf pcgknftn, hc hkstc bn nstubkjs cpcrngn nf hc vksuchkzcgk÷f. Wk nh pcgknftn fj
nstã rnakstrcbj, cpcrngn hc hkstc bn pcgknftns nf su huacr.
4 Wnhnggkjfn nh pcgknftn bnsncbj bn hc hkstc bn pcgknftns.
7 Wk ns fngnscrkj, kfarnsn j nbktn hc kfljricgk÷f bnh pcgknftn.
2 Wnhnggkjfn Nipnzcr nxcinf nf

nxcinf nf hc pcftchhc tãgh pcrc grncr uf nstubkj
n stubkj funvj y vunhvc c
hc pcftchhc bn nsgcfnj.
Tngupnrcgk÷f bn hc kfljricgk÷f bnh pcgknftn inbkcftn hc hkstc bn

Tngupnrcgk÷f
trcdcoj
4 Wnhnggkjfn Hkstc bn trcdcoj nf

trcdcoj nf hc snhnggk÷f
snhng gk÷f bn lufgkjfns pcrc vnr hjs bctjs bnh pcgknftn
bnsbn nh snrvkbjr bn hkstc bn trcdcoj prnbntnrikfcbj.
7 Pcrc gcidkcr nh snrvkbjr bn hc hkstc bn trcdcoj, snhnggkjfn ufc lunftn bn hc hkstc

bnsphnacdhn Lunftn.
FJRC
Cftns bn gjfngtcrsn ch snrvkbjr bn hkstc bn trcdcoj, bndn gjfaurcr hjs coustns bn hc
hkstc bn trcdcoj. Pcrc mcgnrhj, prnskjfn hc tnghc UWystni PrnsntY y
PrnsntY y vcyc c Gjfngvkbcb 6
Hkstc bn trcdcoj.
2 Wnhnggkjfn Hkstc bn trcdcoj pcrc rngupnrcr hjs bctjs bnh pcgknftn bnh snrvkbjr bn hc hkstc
bn tcdcoj.
Hjs rnsuhtcbjs bn hc dÿsqunbc cpcrngnf nf hc hkstc.

> Wnhnggkjfn nh pcgknftn gjf nh qun bnsnc kfkgkcr uf nstubkj.
< Wnhnggkjfn Rrcfslnrkr

Rrcfslnrkr nf
nf hc pcftchhc tãgh pcrc trcfslnrkr nh nstubkj snhnggkjfcbj ch
crgmkvj bnh pcgknftn.
FJRC
Nh bnsfj pcrc hc trcfslnrnfgkc skniprn ns nh bksgj burj bn crgmkvjs hjgchns.
Gjiknfzj bn uf nxcinf 4->

Lkfchkzcgk÷f bn uf nstubkj
Gucfbj fchkzc uf nstubkj, tjbcs hcs kiãanfns bnh nstubkj cgtuch sn aucrbcf nf nh bksgj burj
hjgch.
‗ tnghc UNfb NxciY bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh pcrc aucrbcr nh nstubkj cgtuch.

Prnskjfn hc tnghc
‗ tnghc UNfb NxciY nf nh tnghcbj SQNTR[ pcrc aucrbcr nh nstubkj cgtuch.

Prnskjfn hc tnghc
‗ Rbnh
cidkëf punbn
pcgknftn. fchkzcr uf nstubkj sk snhnggkjfc Funvj pcgknftn nf hc pcftchhc Tnakstrj
FJRC
Punbn vjhvnr c hc pcftchhc Tnakstrj bnh pcgknftn ufc vnz fchkzcbj nh nstubkj cgtuch. Pcrc
gjfaurcrhj, prnskjfn hc tnghc UWystni PrnsntY y
PrnsntY y vcyc c Wkstnic 6 Anfnrch 6 Rrcs tnrikfcr
nxcinf.
4-< Kfkgkj

Jptikzcgk÷f bn hc kicanf
Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj 4B
Acfcfgkc
Gjf nstj punbn cuinftcr j bksikfukr hc gcfbcb bn kfljricgk÷f bn rnsjfcfgkc qun sn
iunstrc nf ufc kicanf. Hc kicanf sn vjhvnr iãs drkhhcftn j iãs jsgurc sk sn anfnrc hc
gcfbcb sugknftn bn kfljricgk÷f bn rnsjfcfgkc. Pcrc cuinftcr j bksikfukr hc acfcfgkc nf
anfnrch, rjtn hc tnghc U4BY bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
Prjlufbkbcb
Wk sn cuinftc hc prjlufbkbcb, sn punbnf vksuchkzcr hcs nstrugturcs
n strugturcs iãs prjlufbcs. Punbn
bksikfukr hc prjlufbkbcb sk fj fngnsktc hc pcrtn kflnrkjr bn hc vksuchkzcgk÷f. Pcrc cuinftcr
cuinftcr
j bksikfukr hc prjlufbkbcb, rjtn hc tnghc UBnptmY
UBnptmY bnh
bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh nf snfbj mjrcrkj
j gjftrcmjrcrkj. Punbn vnr qun hjs pcrãintrjs bn kicanf y vksuchkzcgk÷f gcidkcf
cutjiãgcinftn.
]pnnbℤ (Jpgk÷f)
]pnnbℤ ns ufc tngfjhjaéc bn cutj-jpikzcgk÷f qun hn pnriktn coustcr lãgkhinftn hc rnsjhugk÷f
bnh gjftrcstn y hc ufkljrikbcb bnh drkhhj bn ufc kicanf. Pcrc cgvcr j bnscgvcr ]pnnb,
prnskjfn hc tnghc U]pnnbY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
Gjipnfscgk÷f bn acfcfgkc bn nipj (RAG)

Pcrc gjipnfscr hcs snóchns bëdkhns j hcs snóchns gjf iugmj drkhhj c vcrkcs prjlufbkbcbns,
punbn coustcr hc Gjipnfscgk÷f bn acfcfgkc bn nipj (RAG) pjr inbkj bn hjs gjftrjhns
bnshkzcftns RAG.
RAG. Nh gjftrjh 4B coustc hc acfcfgkc anfnrch bnh rngnptjr y gjipnfsc nh drkhhj bn hc
kicanf.
Nh gjftrjh bnshkzcftn RAG coustc bn icfnrc snhngvc hc snfskdkhkbcb (drkhhj) nf hc prjlufbkbcb.
‗ Bnshkgn nh gjftrjh bnshkzcftn mcgkc hc kzquknrbc pcrc bksikfukr hc acfcfgkc nf hc
gjrrnspjfbknftnn prjlufbkbcb 4B nspngégc.
gjrrnspjfbknft
‗ Bnshkgn nh gjftrjh bnshkzcftn mcgkc hc bnrngmc pcrc cuinftcr hc acfcfgkc nf hc
gjrrnspjfbknftnn prjlufbkbcb 4B nspngégc.
gjrrnspjfbknft
kicanf 4-1
Jpikzcgk÷f bn hc kicanf

Ljgj
Hjs trcfsbugtjrns bn snrkn gjfvnxc,
gjfvnxc, snrkn hkfnch y snrkn nf lcsn cbiktnf vcrkcs zjfcs bn ljgj bn
trcfsiksk÷f, qun punbn snhnggkjfcr nf hcs kiãanfns nf ijbj 4B. Hjs icrgcbjrns bn zjfcs bn
ljgj sn vksuchkzcf nf nh hcbj kzquknrbj bn hc kicanf nf pcftchhc.
❟ Fÿi. ljgjs
Pcrc cuinftcr
cuinftcr j bksikfukr nh fÿinrj bn zjfcs bn ljgj, puhsn hc tnghc ULjgusY bnh pcfnh bn
gjftrjh y hunaj rjtn hc tnghc nf snfbj mjrcrkj j gjftrcmjrcrkj.
❟ Pjs. ljgj
Pcrc ijvnr hc zjfc bn ljgj ch gcipj gnrgc/hnojs, rjtn hc tnghc ULjgusY bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
Cri÷fkgj
Hcs Kiãanfns Cri÷fkgcs bn Rnokbjs (KCR) ns ufc gcrcgtnrésgc bnh skstnic qun punbn inojrcr
hc rnsjhugk÷f bnh gjftrcstn gjf hc bklnrnfgkcgk÷f bnh tnokbj fj, dnfngkcfbj c hjs pcgknftns
gjf kiãanfns pjdrns. KCR
KCR grnc kiãanfns bn snóchns rngkdkbcs uscfbj hjs cri÷fkgjs bn hc
lrngunfgkc trcfsikbc. Pcrc gknrtcs cphkgcgkjfns, sn punbnf uscr KCR htrcbcs (KCRL)
(KCRL) pcrc
jpikzcr hc rnsjhugk÷f tnipjrch.
Pcrc coustcr hcs KCR
K CR,,
3 Prnskjfn hc tnghc URMKY. 4B MCT cpcrngn

MCT cpcrngn ouftj c hjs pcrãintrjs bn kicanf 4B.
4 Pcrc gcidkcr hc lrngunfgkc bn KCR, rjtn hc tnghc Lrngunfgkc

Lrngunfgkc nf
nf snfbj mjrcrkj j
gjftrcmjrcrkj.
7 Pcrc schkr bn KCR, prnskjfn hc tnghc URMKY.
Pcrc coustcr hcs KCRL,
3 Prnskjfn hc tnghc URMKY. 4B MCT cpcrngn

MCT cpcrngn ouftj c hjs pcrãintrjs bn kicanf 4B.
4 Wk KF\
KF\ cpcrngn
cpcrngn ouftj c hjs pcrãintrjs bn kicanf 4B, snhnggkjfn KF\
KF\ nf
nf hc pcftchhc tãgh
pcrc gcidkcr c KCRL (MCT).
7 Pcrc gcidkcr hc lrngunfgkc bn KCRL, rjtn hc tnghc Lrngunfgkc
Lrngunfgkc nf
gjftrcmjrcrkj.
2 Pcrc schkr bn KCRL, prnskjfn hc tnghc URMKY.
4-= Kfkgkj

\ksuchkzcgk÷f bjdhn/guã
bjdhn/guãbruphn
bruphn
Gjf hc vksuchkzcgk÷f bjdhn (j guãbruphn), punbn udkgcr bjs (j guctrj) kiãanfns ufc ch hcbj bn
hc jtrc nf hc pcftchhc.
Pcrc cgvcr hc bkspjskgk÷f bn hc kicanf,
3 Nf nh ijbj bn kicanf 4B,4 B, ijbj Lhuoj gjhjr j nf nh bkcaf÷sgj pjr kiãanfns bnh ijbj
I, prnskjfn hc tnghc UBuchY (j USucbY
USucbY)) nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh. Hc kicanf sn iunstrc c hc
kzquknrbc bn hc vksuchkzcgk÷f.
4 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UBuchY (j USucbY

USucbY)) bn funvj pcrc cgvcr hc snaufbc kicanf.
7 Pcrc gcidkcr bn ufc kicanf c jtrc, prnskjfn hc tnghc UBuchY (j USucbY

USucbY).
).
2 Prnskjfn hc tnghc U4BY

U4BY pcrc
pcrc schkr bn hc kicanf bjdhn (j guãbruphn).
Prkjrkbcb
Hc lufgk÷f bn prkjrkbcb nfn hcs skauknftns bjs jpgkjfns? Cfgmurc, Kfghkfcgk÷f
❟ Cfgmj
Gjftrjhc nh tcicój j cfgmj bnh ãfauhj bnh sngtjr bn kicanf 4B. ^f ãfauhj iãs pnqunój
anfnrchinftn prjbugn ufc kicanf gjf ufc gcbnfgkc bn kiãanfns supnrkjr. Pcrc rnbugkr
j ciphkcr hc TJK, prnskjfn hc tnghc UPrkjrktyY bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh. Nh Cfgmj sn rnschtc nf hc
héfnc bnh infscon. Iunvc URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY mcgkc
mcgkc hc kzquknrbc j mcgkc hc bnrngmc pcrc bksikfukr j
cuinftcr nh tcicój bnh ãfauhj. Hunaj, prnskjfn hc tnghc UPrkjrktyY
UPrkjrktyY pcrc
pcrc gjfaurcr hc rnak÷f
bn kftnrës (TJK).
❟ Kfghkfcgk÷f
Bnspuës bn gjfaurcr nh tcicój j cfgmj bnh ãfauhj bnh sngtjr bn hc kicanf 4B, punbn
aukcr nh sngtjr bn hc kicanf pjr inbkj bn hc jpgk÷f bn kfghkfcgk÷f. Prnskjfn hc tnghc
UPrkjrktyY pcrc
UPrkjrktyY pcrc snhnggkjfcr hc lufgk÷f bn kfghkfcgk÷f. Bnspuës iunvc URrcgedchhY pcrc
kfghkfcr nh ãfauhj.
Crrkdc/Cdcoj (Nf gcsj bn prncoustn)

Crrkdc/Cdcoj hn pnriktn vjhtncr hc kicanf 3=0 arcbjs crrkdc j cdcoj. Pcrc vjhtncr hc kicanf nf
vnrgch, prnskjfn hc tnghc Crrkdc/Cdcoj
Crrkdc/Cdcoj bn
bn hcs tnghcs bnfkbcs pjr nh usucrkj.
Ãfa Bkrng
Nf nh ijbj 4B, punbn kfghkfcr ufc kicanf mcgkc hc kzquknrbc j bnrngmc uscfbj uf trcfsbugtjr
hkfnch. Pcrc coustcr hc bkrnggk÷f bnh ãfauhj, rjtn hc tnghc UCfahnY
UCfahnY bnh
bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh nf snfbj
mjrcrkj j gjftrcmjrcrkj. Gcbc fkvnh bn cuinftj/bksikfugk÷f bnh ãfauhj ns bn > arcbjs.
kicanf 4-;

Lrngunfgkc
Punbn coustcr hc lrngunfgkc bn lufgkjfciknftj bnh trcfsbugtjr.
trcfsbugtjr. Hc lrngunfgkc
l rngunfgkc snhnggkjfcbc
sn vksuchkzc nf nh Pcrãintrj bn kicanf. Pcrc coustcr hc lrngunfgkc, rjtn hc tnghc Lrngunfgkc nf
snfbj mjrcrkj j gjftrcmjr
gjftrcmjrcrkj.
crkj.
Acic bkfãikgc
Hc acic bkfãikgc ns ÿh pcrc jpikzcr hc tnxturc bn tnokbj nf bklnrnftns rnakjfns cfct÷ikgcs.
Wn bndn rnauhcr hc acic bkfãikgc bn icfnrc tch qun hjs djrbns bn icyjr ciphktub sn vncf
dhcfgjs, iknftrcs qun hjs fkvnhns iãs dcojs (gjij hc scfarn) sncf gcsk kfvkskdhns. Pcrc coustcr
hc acic bkfãikgc, akrn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f AB
AB nf
nf snfbj mjrcrkj j gjftrcmjrcrkj.
Tngmczj
Hc kfljricgk÷f bn rnsjfcfgkc dcoc fj sn vksuchkzcrã nf hc pcftchhc bndcoj bnh fkvnh bn rngmczj
coustcbj. Hc lufgk÷f bn rngmczj bntnrikfc nh fkvnh bn ciphktub bndcoj bnh guch hjs ngjs sn
nhkikfcf (sn rngmczcf). Nh rngmczj gjfaurcbj nf chtj prjvjgc ufc ichc vksuchkzcgk÷f bnh
tnokbj. Pcrc coustcr hjs vchjrns bn rngmczj, akrn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Tngmczj
Tngmczj nf
gjftrcmjrcrkj.
Buch nf vkvj
Buch nf vkvj ns ufc lufgk÷f qun hn pnriktn vnr hc kicanf 4B y cgvcr jtrc lufgk÷f ch iksij
nipj. Pcrc cgvcr j bnscgvcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn Buch nf vkvj nf
vkvj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Pcrc ijbkgcr nh ijbj bn vksuchkzcgk÷f prnskjfn hc tnghc UGLY j hc tnghc UPBY.
Gjfvnxj vkrtuch
Nf hjs trcfsbugtjrns hkfnchns, nh gjfvnx
gjfvnxjj vkrtuch prjpjrgkjfc uf gcipj iãs arcfbn bn
vksuchkzcgk÷f nf nh gcipj hnojs. Pcrc cgvcr j bnscgvcr nh gjipjfnftn bn lrngunfgkc,
snhnggkjfn \krtuch nf nh infÿ gjftnxtuch.
Wnpkc
Nstc lufgk÷f sn uhkzc pcrc cgvcr nh icpc snpkc. Pcrc cgvcrhc j bnscgvcrhc, snhnggkjfn Wnpkc
nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
4-30 Kfkgkj

Fnnbhn \kskjfℤ Phus (Jpgk÷f)

Fnnbhn \kskjfℤ Phus ns ufc lufgk÷f
l ufgk÷f bn kftnfskgcgk÷f bn hc cauoc qun punbn inojrcr hc
vksuchkzcgk÷f bn hc cauoc pcrc cyubcrhj c aukcrhc c hc rnak÷f cfct÷ikgc jdonvj. Pcrc
Pcrc uscr hc
gcrcgtnrésgc,, fngnsktc ufc sjhkgktub cbkgkjfch c su canftn hjgch. Pcrc cgvcrhc j bnscgvcrhc,
gcrcgtnrésgc
snhnggkjfn Fnnbhn\kskjf
Fnnbhn\kskjf nf
Nhcstjarcc
Nhcstjarcc (Jpgk÷f)
Hc nhcstjarcc ns ufc tëgfkgc qun cócbn vchjr ch nxcinf sjfjarãgj ch pnrikrhj nvchucr hc
rkakbnz bnh tnokbj. Pcrc uscr hc gcrcgtnrésgc, fngnsktc ufc sjhkgktub cbkgkjfch c su canftn hjgch.
Pcrc cgvcr j bnscgvcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn Nhcstj
Nhcstj nf
Pcfjrãikgc (Jpgk÷f)
Pcfjrãikgc ns ufc lufgk÷f bn bkcaf÷sgj pjr kiãanfns jpgkjfch qun hn prjpjrgkjfc ufc
Pcfjrãikgc
kicanf 4B iãs ciphkc bn uf tnokbj hcraj. Gjfngtcfbj kiãanfns 4B gjfsnguvcs, punbn vnrhcs
gjij ufc sjhc kicanf nf hc pcftchhc. Nstc lufgk÷f ns nspngkchinftn ÿh gucfbj nstubkc hcs
nstrugturcs vcsguhcrns
vcsguhcrns gjij hjs vcsjs scfauéfnjs.
Pcrc cgvcr hc lufgk÷f pcfjrãikgc,

3 Wnhnggkjfn Pcfjrãikgc
Pcfjrãikgc nf
4 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY pcrc kfkgkcr nh nsgcfnj.
7 Gucfbj mcyc tnrikfcbj bn jdtnfnr hcs kiãanfns, prnskjfn hc tnghc ULrnnznY bnh pcfnh bn
gjftrjh.
2 Arcdn hcs kiãanfns.
W-LJ\
Nf hjs trcfsbugtjrns gjfvnxjs,
gjfvnxjs, W-LJ\ prjpjrgkjfc uf gcipj bn vksk÷f iãs ciphkj nf nh gcipj
hnojs. Pcrc cgvcr j bnscgvcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Tnvnrsj
Nstc lufgk÷f hn pnriktn vjhtncr hc kicanf 3=0 arcbjs c hc bnrngmc j c hc kzquknrbc.
❟ Coustn bnh rnvnrsj

Pcrc vjhtncr hc kicanf nf ljric mjrkzjft
mjrkzjftch,
ch, snhnggkjfn nf hc pcftchhc tãgh j prnskjfn
hc tnghc bnh tnghcbj SQNTR[
SQNTR[..
kicanf 4-33

Icpc bn arksns
Nh icpc bn arksns hn prjpjrgkjfc hjs icpcs bnh skstnic pcrc hjs ijbjs 4B, I y Bjpphnr.
Pcrc coustcr
coustcr nh icpc bn arksns, rjtn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Icpc bn arksns nf
arksns nf snfbj mjrcrkj j
gjftrcmjrcrkj.
Gjhjrncbj
Nh gjhjrncbj ns hc gjhjrkzcgk÷f bn hc kicanf nf ijbj 4B gjfvnfgkjfch j nspngtrj Bjpphnr
pcrc inojrcr hc gcpcgkbcb bnh usucrkj bn bksgnrfkr hcs vchjrcgkjfns bn kftnfskbcb bnh ijbj
4B, I y Bjpphnr
Bjpphnr.. Nh gjhjrncbj FJ ns uf ijbj Bjpphnr
Bjpphnr.. Pcrc coustcr nstc lufgk÷f, akrn hc tnghc
Gjhjrncbj nf
Gjhjrncbj nf snfbj mjrcrkj j gjftrcmjrcrkj.
Tjtcgk÷f
Nf ijbj 4B, punbn akrc ufc kicanf ;0 arcbjs nf snfbj mjrcrkj. Pcrc coustcr nstc lufgk÷f,
snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Tjtcgk÷f
Tjtcgk÷f nf
Pnrsksr
Hc pnrskstnfgkc prjpjrgkjfc uf nlngtj bn sucvkzcbj
sucvkzcbj vkskdhn c hc kicanf nf ijbj 4B
gjffucfbj hcs héfncs bn bctjs bn hc kicanf pcrc gcbc icrgj bn vksuchkzcgk÷f. Pcrc coustcr
nstc lufgk÷f, akrn hc tnghc Pnrsksr
Pnrsksr nf
Pjtnfgkc
Nstc lufgk÷f gjftrjhc hc gcfbcb bn pjtnfgkc cgÿsgc qun sn uhkzc nf tjbjs hjs ijbjs. Pcrc
coustcr nstc lufgk÷f, akrn hc tnghc Pjtnfgkc
Pjtnfgkc nf
WTK
\ksuchkzcgk÷f bn rnbuggk÷f bn icfgmcs (WTK) ns ufc sjhugk÷f kftnhkanftn qun hn pnriktn rnbugkr
hjs nhninftjs kffngnscrkjs bn su kicanf gjij icfgmcs y rukbjs bn kicanf. WTK ns ÿh gucfbj
hjs nhninftjs kffngnscrkjs kftnrnrnf gjf nh bntchhn bn kicanf bnsncbj. Bnspuës bn cphkgcr
WTK, pjbrã vnr inojr hc kicanf. Hc lufgk÷f WTK nstã bkspjfkdhn nf hjs ijbjs 4B, 7B y 2B. Pcrc
cgvcr j bnscgvcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn WTK nf nh infÿ gjftnxtuch.
4-34 Kfkgkj

Inojrc bn djrbn
Nstc lufgk÷f rnschtc bklnrnfgkcs suhns bn tnokbjs y djrbns cuinftcfbj hcs bklnrnfgkcs nf hc
nsgchc bn arksns gjrrnspjfbknftns c hjs djrbns bn hcs nstrugturcs. Hc inojrc bn djrbn pnriktn
qun su skstnic iunstrn bn ljric iãs ghcrc nh gjftjrfj bn hjs tnokbjs u ÷racfjs. Pcrc coustcr
nstc lufgk÷f, akrn hc tnghc Inojrc bn djrbn nf
djrbn nf snfbj mjrcrkj j gjftrcmjrcrkj.
Luhh WTKℤ (Jpgk÷f)

Hc WTKℤ gjiphntc ns ufc lufgk÷f WTK iãs pjtnftn qun hn pnriktn coustcr nh fkvnh bn WTK snaÿf
hc gjfbkgk÷f bn su kicanf j nh ijbj bn bkcaf÷sgj pjr kiãanfns. Hc lufgk÷f
l ufgk÷f WTK gjiphntc
nstã bkspjfkdhn nf hjs ijbjs 4B, 7B y 2B. Pcrc coustcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Luhh
WTK nf
WTK nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Gjipjskgk÷f nspcgkch (Jpgk÷f)

Hc gjipjskgk÷f nspcgkch hn pnriktn gjidkfcr hjs bklnrnftns icrgjs bn aukcbj pcrc ljricr
uf icrgj ÿfkgj nf hcs ghcskgcgkjfns bn icrgjs nf nipj rnch. Pcrc coustcr
coustcr nstc lufgk÷f,
snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Wpt.Gjip
Wpt.Gjip nf
FJRC
Ns pjskdhn qun hc lufgk÷f bn gjipjskgk÷f nspcgkch fj nstë bkspjfkdhn nf hjs trcfsbug
trcfsbugtjrns
tjrns
hkfnchns.
Bnfskbcb bn héfnc
Hc bnfskbcb bn héfnc jpikzc hc gcbnfgkc bn kiãanfns j rnsjhugk÷f nspcgkch nf nh ijbj 4B
pcrc jdtnfnr hc inojr kicanf pjskdhn. Hc bnfskbcb bn héfnc kflnrkjr ns ÿh pcrc vksuchkzcr
nh hcbj bnh gjrcz÷f lntch,
lntch, pcrc cphkgcgkjfns gcrbécgcs nf cbuhtjs y pcrc cphkgcgkjfns nf
rcbkjhjaéc ghéfkgc qun rnquknrnf bn ufc gcbnfgkc bn kiãanfns icyjr.
icyjr. ^fc bnfskbcb bn héfnc
icyjr ns ÿh pcrc jdtnfnr ufc rnsjhugk÷f iuy chtc (pjr noniphj,
non iphj, pcrc rjkbns, tnsguhjs).
Pcrc coustcr
coustcr hc bnfskbcb bn héfnc, akrn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Bnfskbcb bn héfnc nf snfbj mjrcrkj
j gjftrcmjrcrkj.
Gjipjskgk÷f bn lrngunfgkc (Jpgk÷f)

Hc gjipjskgk÷f bn lrngunfgkc hn pnriktn c su skstnic gjipjfnr kiãanfns nftrn lrngunfgkcs
chtcs y dcocs. ^scfbj gcbc lufgk÷f bn bkcaf÷sgj pjr kiãanfns nf bklnrnftns lrngunfgkcs,
punbn jdtnfnr ufc kicanf inojr bn rnsjhugk÷f y pnfntrcgk÷f inojrcbcs. Pcrc
Pcrc cgvcr j
bnscgvcr nh gjipjfnftn bn lrngunfgkc, snhnggkjfn Lrq.Gjip nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
kicanf 4-37

Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj I

GKFN
Nf nh ijbj I, sn punbn rngjrbcr hc kfljricgk÷f bnh trczcbj bn kicanf. Ch gjfanhcr ufc
kicanf, uf bntnrikfcbj icrgj bn nipj (kfljricgk÷f I bn hc ÿhic sngunfgkc bn
nxcikfcgk÷f) sn chicgnfc nf hc inijrkc nf dughn. Hc sngunfgkc sn punbn rnvkscr snaufbj c
snaufbj.
\nh. dcrrkbj
Burcftn nh bkcaf÷sgj pjr kiãanfns nf nh ijbj I, punbn coustcr hc vnhjgkbcb bn dcrrkbj bn
hc vksuchkzcgk÷f. Pcrc cuinftcr j bksikfukr hc vnhjgkbcb bn dcrrkbj, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Dcrrkbj
Héfnc bn nipj gjiphntc

Nstc lufgk÷f nxpcfbn hc pcftchhc pcrc vksuchkzcr hc héfnc bn nipj gjiphntc. Pcrc cgvcr j
bnscgvcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn I gjiphntj nf
gjiphntj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Ijstrcr ljrictj
Nstc lufgk÷f gcidkc hc bkspjskgk÷f mjrkzjftch/vnrgch
mjrkzjftch/vnrgch nftrn nh ijbj 4B y nh ijbj Bjpphnr
j hc grjfjhjaéc ÿfkgcinftn. Punbn nhnakr g÷ij quknrn vksuchkzcr hc cfctjiéc y hc grjfjhjaéc
Bjpphnr.. Pcrc coustcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Ijstrcr ljrictj nf
Bjpphnr ljrictj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Cgnrgciknftj
Cgnrgciknftj bnh ijbj I
Gjf nstc lufgk÷f, punbn ciphkcr ufc pcrtn bn hc kicanf bn rnlnrnfgkc sk nh skstnic sn
nfgunftrc nf nh Ijbj I.
Pcrc coustcr nh cgnrgciknftj bnh ijbj I,
3 Nf nh ijbj I j ijbj 4B vksuchkzcfbj hc héfnc I, prnskjfn hc tnghc U_jjiY nf nh pcfnh bn

gjftrjh pcrc cgvcr Cgnrgciknftj pcrc nsgrkturc. Pcrc cgvcr nh Cgnrgciknftj bn hngturc,
rjtn hc tnghc U_jjiY.
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc gjhjgcr nh gucbrj bn cgnrgciknftj y hc héfnc I nf hc kicanf
cgnrgcbc y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc coustcr nh tcicój bnh gucbrj bn cgnrgciknftj y prnskjfn hc tnghc
UWntY.
2 Pcrc chnocr, prnskjfn hc tnghc UNxktY.
4-32 Kfkgkj

Ijbj I cfct÷ikgj (Jpgk÷f)

Nh ijbj I cfct÷ikgj pnriktn ijvnr j akrcr ufc héfnc I y rnvkscr ufc kicanf sjdrn nh ãrnc
bnsncbc. Pcrc uscr hc gcrcgtnrésgc, fngnsktc ufc sjhkgktub cbkgkjfch c su canftn hjgch.
Pcrc cgvcr nh Ijbj I cfct÷ikgj,
3 Nf nh ijbj I, snhnggkjfn I Cfct÷ikgj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.

Hc héfnc bnh gursjr bnh ijbj I cfct÷ikgj cpcrngn nf nh inbkj bn ufc kicanf 4B.
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr hc héfnc bnh gursjr (kzquknrbc/bnrngmc/crrkdc/cdcoj).
(kzquknrbc/bnrngmc/crrkdc/cdcoj).
7 Akrn hc tnghc UCfahnY bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh pcrc akrcr nh ãfauhj.
Ijbj I Gjhjr
Nh ijbj gjhjr I ns uf ijbj bn gjidkfcgk÷f bnh ijbj I y nh ijbj bn uoj bn gjhjr qun
hc kfljricgk÷f bn uoj bn gjhjr supnrpjfn c hc kicanf bnh ijbj I gjf uf icpc bn gjhjr y
vnhjgkbcb. Hc héfnc bn nipj ijbj I sn iunstrc nf hc guóc bn uoj bn gjhjr.
gjhjr. Nh icpc bn gjhjr
bn nstn ijbj ns nh iksij qun nh ijbj bn uoj bn gjhjr
gjhjr,, pnrj nh tcicój y hc pjskgk÷f bn hc
vnftcfc bn uoj bn gjhjr bnpnfbn bn hc kicanf bn ijbj nf 4B.
Pcrc cgvcr nh Ijbj gjhjr I,
3 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UIY

UIY y
y bnspuës prnskjfn hc tnghc UGLY.
4 Pcrc gcidkcr ch ijbj Lhuoj bn gjhjr

gjhjr,, prnskjfn hc tnghc UIY.
Pcrc vjhvnr ch ijbj bn gjhjr I, prnskjfn bn funvj hc tnghc UIY.
kicanf 4-3>

Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj GL

Pjskgk÷f, tcicój y aukcbj bn hc TJK
Gucfbj prnskjfc hc tnghc UGLY
UGLY nf
nf nh ijbj 4B, hc vnftcfc gjhjr j TJK cpcrngn nf hc kicanf.
Hc udkgcgk÷f kfkgkch y hc ljric bn hc vnftcfc bnpnfbnf bnh trcfsbugtjr cgvj y bn hc
prjlufbkbcb bn vksuchkzcgk÷f prnbntnrikfcbc.
Gcidkj bn tcicój y pjskgk÷f bn TJK c gjhjr

3 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UGLY
UGLY nf
nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh. Nh skstnic gjhjgc hc TJK, bnhkfncbc bn
icfnrc gjffuc nf cicrkhhj, nf hc kicanf.
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY pcrc rnpjskgkjfcr hc TJK.
7 Pcrc gcidkcr nh tcicój bn TJK, prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY

UWntY y
y iunvc URrcgedchhY . Nh skstnic
bnhkfnc hc TJK gjf ufc héfnc bn puftjs cicrkhhc gjf nsqukfcs gjffucs.
2 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY

UWntY pcrc
pcrc coustcr nh tcicój.
> Pcrc schkr bnh ijbj Lhuoj gjhjr

gjhjr,, prnskjfn hc tnghc UGLY j U4BY.
Lrngunfgkc bn rnpngk÷f bn puhsj (LTP)

LTP lufgk÷f sn uhkzc pcrc coustcr hc nsgchc bn vnhjgkbcb pcrc pjbnr cbikr uojs scfauéfnjs
bn icyjr j infjr vnhjgkbcb. Hc nsgchc bn vnhjgkbcb bntnrikfc hc lrngunfgkc bn rnpngk÷f bn
puhsj (PTL). Pcrc cuinftcr j bksikfukr hc nsgchc bn vnhjgkbcb, akrn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f LTP nf
snfbj mjrcrkj j gjftrcmjr
gjftrcmjrcrkj.
crkj.
Gjfouftj
Hc lufgk÷f Gjfouftj hn pnriktn snhnggkjfcr hc bnfskbcb bn hc héfnc bn nsgcfnj. Ch cuinftcr nh
fÿinrj bn hc lufgk÷f, hc tcsc bn ljtjarcics bnsgknfbn. Pcrc
Pcrc coustcr nstc lufgk÷f, akrn hc tnghc
Gjfouftj nf
Gjfouftj nf snfbj mjrcrkj j gjftrcmjrcrkj.
Lkhtrj bn pcrnb
Nstc lufgk÷f htrc hcs snóchns bnsjrbnfcbcs jgcskjfcbcs pjr nh ijvkiknftj bn hjs vcsjs.
Pcrc cuinftcr j bksikfukr nh htrj bn pcrnb, akrn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f LP
LP nf
gjftrcmjrcrkj.
4-3< Kfkgkj

Wucvn
Nstc lufgk÷f hn pnriktn mcgn qun ufc kicanf bn gjhjr snc iãs sucvn rnschtcfbj hc gjfnxk÷f nf
bkrnggk÷f cxkch. Pcrc coustcr nstc lufgk÷f, akrn hc tnghc Wucvn
Wucvn nf
Icpc bn gjhjr
Nstc lufgk÷f hn pnriktn gcidkcr nh icpc bn gjhjr uscbj pcrc nh ijbj Lhuoj bn gjhjr, nh ijbj
Bjpphnr bn pjtnfgkc y nh ijbj Bjpphnr bn tnokbj. Pcrc coustcrhj, rjtn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Icpc
bn gjhjr nf
gjhjr nf snfbj mjrcrkj j gjftrcmjrcrkj.
\chjr kfkgkch
Nstc lufgk÷f coustc nh vchjr kfkgkch bnh nspngtrj bnh Lhuoj gjhjr j Bjpphnr pcrc pjbnr cbikr uf
uoj scfauéfnj bn icyjr vnhjgkbcb y csé nhkikfcr sjhcpns. Pcrc rnauhcr nh vchjr kfkgkch, rjtn hc
tnghc bn lufgk÷f \chjr kfkgkch.
îdrch
Nh uidrch cskafc nh fkvnh bn nsgchc bn arksns nf qun hc kfljricgk÷f bn gjhjr sn bnnfn. Pcrc
cuinftcr j bksikfukr nh uidrch bn nsgchc bn arksns, akrn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f îdrch
îdrch nf
nf snfbj
mjrcrkj j gjftrcmjrcrkj.
Lusk÷f cbcptcdhn
Nstc lufgk÷f supnrpjfn ufc kicanf nf gjhjr trcfshÿgkbj c ufc kicanf 4B nf nh ãrnc bn kicanf
nf gjhjr.
gjhjr. Punbn coustcr hc trcfspcrnfgkc bn hc kicanf nf gjhjr lãgkhinftn pcrc rnschtcr hjs
tnokbjs trcs nh gjhjr. Pcrc
Pcrc cgvcr j bnscgvcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn Lusk÷f cbcptcdhn nf hc
pcftchhc tãgh.
Fkvnh bn lusk÷f cbcptcdhn

Nstc lufgk÷f hn pnriktn nspngkgcr nh rcj bn lusk÷f
l usk÷f nftrn hc kicanf 4B y hc kicanf nf gjhjr.
gjhjr.
Pcrc coustcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Fkvnh bn lusk÷f nf
lusk÷f nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Lusk÷f
Hc lufgk÷f bn Lusk÷f supnrpjfn ufc kicanf nf gjhjr trcfshÿgkbj c ufc kicanf 4B nf nh ãrnc
bn kicanf nf gjhjr
gjhjr.. Punbn coustcr hc trcfspcrnfgkc bn hc kicanf nf gjhjr pcrc rnschtcr hjs
tnokbjs trcs nh gjhjr. Pcrc
Pcrc cgvcr j bnscgvcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn Lusk÷f
snhnggkjfn Lusk÷f nf hc pcftchhc
tãgh.
kicanf 4-31

Fkvnh bn lusk÷f
Hc lufgk÷f Fkvnh bn lusk÷f hn pnriktn nspngkgcr nh rcj bn lusk÷f nftrn hc kicanf 4B y hc
kicanf nf gjhjr
gjhjr.. Pcrc coustcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Fkvnh bn lusk÷f nf hc pcftchhc
tãgh.
Nstcbj bn uoj
Nstc lufgk÷f coustc nh PTL bn hc kicanf nf gjhjr.
gjhjr. Pcrc coustcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf
Nstcbj bn uoj nf
uoj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Wjhj gjhjr
Nstc lufgk÷f jguhtc hc kicanf 4B pcrc qun punbc vnr ÿfkgcinftn hc kicanf nf gjhjr
gjhjr.. Pcrc
cgvcr j bnscgvcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn Wjhj gjhjr nf
gjhjr nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Jguhtcr gjhjr
Nstc lufgk÷f jguhtc hc kicanf nf gjhjr pcrc qun punbc vnr ÿfkgcinftn hc kicanf 4B. Pcrc
cgvcr j bnscgvcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn Jguhtcr gjhjr nf
Bnfskbcb bn héfnc
Hc bnfskbcb bn héfnc jpikzc nh rcj bn kiãanfns bnh ijbj Lhuoj gjhjr j hc rnsjhugk÷f
nspcgkch pcrc jdtnfnr hc inojr kicanf nf gjhjr pjskdhn. Hc bnfskbcb bn héfnc kflnrkjr ns
ÿh pcrc vksuchkzcr nh hcbj bnh gjrcz÷f lntch, pcrc cphkgcgkjfns gcrbécgcs nf cbuhtjs y pcrc
cphkgcgkjfns nf rcbkjhjaéc ghéfkgc qun rnquknrnf bn ufc gcbnfgkc bn kiãanfns icyjr
icyjr.. ^fc
bnfskbcb bn héfnc icyjr ns ÿh pcrc jdtnfnr ufc rnsjhugk÷f iuy chtc (pjr noniphj, pcrc
rjkbns, tnsguhjs). Pcrc coustcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Bnfskbcb bn héfnc nf hc
pcftchhc tãgh.
Kfvnrsk÷f (kfvnrsk÷f bnh gjhjr)

Hc Kfvnrsk÷f hn pnriktn vnr nh uoj scfauéfnj bnsbn ufc pnrspngvc bklnrnftn,
bklnrnftn, pjr noniphj,
rjoj sn chnoc (vnhjgkbcbns fnacvcs) y czuh sn cgnrgc (vnhjgkbcbns pjskvcs). Punbn kfvnrr
ufc kicanf nf nipj rnch j ufc kicanf gjfanhcbc. Pcrc rnvnrr nh uoj bn gjhjr, snhnggkjfn
Kfvnrr nf
Kfvnrr nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Ãfa Bkrng
Punbn kfghkfcr hc TJK bn hc kicanf bn uoj bn gjhjr c hc kzquknrbc j hc bnrngmc uhkzcfbj uf
trcfsbugtjr hkfnch. Pcrc coustcr hc bkrnggk÷f bnh ãfauhj, rjtn hc tnghc UCfahnY
UCfahnY nf
nf snfbj mjrcrkj
j gjftrcmjrcrkj. Gcbc fkvnh bn cuinftj/bksikfugk÷f bnh ãfauhj ns bn > arcbjs.
4-3= Kfkgkj

Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj PB

Kicanf Bjpphnr bn pjtnfgkc bkrnggkjfch (BPBK)
Hc lufgk÷f BPBK (Kicanf Bjpphnr bn pjtnfgkc bkrnggkjfch) iunstrc kfljricgk÷f sjdrn
sjdrn hc
kftnfskbcb y bkrnggk÷f bnh uoj scfauéfnj. Pcrc cgvcr j bnscgvcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn
snhnggkjfn
BPBK nf
BPBK nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Lusk÷f
Hc lufgk÷f bn Lusk÷f supnrpjfn ufc kicanf nf gjhjr c ufc kicanf 4B nf nh ãrnc bn kicanf nf
gjhjr.. Pcrc cgvcr j bnscgvcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn Lusk÷f
gjhjr snhnggkjfn Lusk÷f nf
Fkvnh bn lusk÷f
Hc lufgk÷f Fkvnh bn lusk÷f hn pnriktn nspngkgcr nh rcj bn lusk÷f nftrn hc kicanf 4B y hc
kicanf nf gjhjr. Pcrc coustcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Fkvnh bn lusk÷f nf hc pcftchhc
tãgh.
Nstcbj bn uoj
Nstc lufgk÷f coustc nh PTL bn hc kicanf nf gjhjr.
gjhjr. Pcrc coustcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf
Nstcbj bn uoj nf
uoj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Wjhj gjhjr
Nstc lufgk÷f jguhtc hc kicanf 4B pcrc qun punbc vnr ÿfkgcinftn hc kicanf nf gjhjr.
gjhjr. Pcrc
cgvcr j bnscgvcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn Wjhj gjhjr nf
Jguhtcr gjhjr
Nstc lufgk÷f jguhtc hc dcrrc bn gjhjr y nh gucbrj bn TJK. Pcrc cgvcr j bnscgvcr nstc lufgk÷f,
snhnggkjfn Jguhtcr gjhjr nf
Ãfa Bkrng
Nf nh ijbj Bjpphnr bn pjtnfgkc, punbn kfghkfcr ufc kicanf mcgkc hc kzquknrbc j bnrngmc
uscfbj uf trcfsbugtjr hkfnch. Pcrc coustcr hc bkrnggk÷f bnh ãfauhj, rjtn hc tnghc UCfahnY nf
snfbj mjrcrkj j gjftrcmjrcrkj.
gjftrcmjrcrkj. Gcbc fkvnh bn cuinftj/bksikfugk÷f bnh ãfauhj ns bn 7 j >
arcbjs snaÿf nh pj bn trcfsbugtjr hkfnch.
kicanf 4-3;

Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj PQB

Ãfauhj PQ Bjpphnr
Rrcgn uf ãfauhj nftrn hc bkrnggk÷f bnh ijvkiknftj bnh rnngtjr y hc bkrnggk÷f bn prjpcacgk÷f
Rrcgn
bnh mcz bn uhtrcsjfkbj.
Nlngtj PQ Bjpphnr
Nh lnf÷infj pjr inbkj bnh guch mcy uf gcidkj nf hc lrngunfgkc pnrgkdkbc bn ufc lunftn bn
sjfkbj rnhcgkjfcbc gjf hc lrngunfgkc trcfsikbc gucfbj mcy uf ijvkiknftj rnhcvj nftrn hc
lunftn bn uf sjfkbj y nh jynftn.
Gjrrnggk÷f bn ãfauhj
Gchguhc hc vnhjgkbcb bnh uoj nf ufc bkrnggk÷f y nf uf ãfauhj mcstc nh vngtjr bnh Bjpphnr,
gchguhcfbj nh ãfauhj nftrn nh vngtjr bnh Bjpphnr y nh uoj qun snrã inbkbj.
Nh uoj mcgkc nh trcfsbugtjr nstã trczcbj
trczcbj pjr nfgkic bnh vchjr kfkgkch y vkgnvnrsc. Pcrc
Pcrc coustcr nh
ãfauhj rnhcvj c hc gcrc bnh trcfsbugtjr,
trcfsbugtjr, akrn hc tnghc UCfahnY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh. Hc nsgchc
bn vnhjgkbcb gcidkc gucfbj coustc hc gjrrnggk÷f bn ãfauhj.
Hjfaktub bn vjhuinf bn iunstrc bn Bjpphnr

Tnauhc nh tcicój bnh pjrtch bn vjhuinf bn iunstrc. PcrcPcrc cuinftcr j bksikfukr nh tcicój bnh
pjrtch, akrn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f
l ufgk÷f W\
W\ nf
nf snfbj mjrcrkj j gjftrcmjrcrkj. Punbn coustcr hc hjfaktub
bnh pjrtch bn vjhuinf bn iunstrc skniprn qun cpcrnzgc nh pjrtch bn vjhuinf bn iunstrc nf hc
pcftchhc.
Wjfkbj
PTNGC^GK×F
Hjs sjfkbjs bn cubkj Bjpphnr punbnf gcidkcr bn rnpnft
rnpnftn.
n. Coustn nh vjhuinf bnh sjfkbj nf
kfgrninftjs iãs pnqunójs pcrc fj sjdrnschtcr ch pcgknftn.
Nstc lufgk÷f coustc nh vjhuinf bnh sjfkbj Bjpphnr.

Bjpphnr. Hjs sjfkbjs bnh uoj scfauéfnj bn uf vcsj
punbnf uhkzcrsn pcrc gjiprjdcr qun hc pjskgk÷f bnh trcfsbugtjr snc hc gjrrngtc. Pcrc coustcr
coustcr
nh sjfkbj, akrn hc tnghc Wjfkbj
Wjfkbj nf
4-40 Kfkgkj

Cgtuchkzcgk÷f (pcusc B)
Nf nh ijbj skiuhtãfnj bn hjs ijbjs 4B y Bjpphnr,
Bjpphnr, punbn pjfnr nf pcusc ufc kicanf
Bjpphnr y ijvnr hc kicanf c hc pcftchhc nf vkvj 4B coustcfbj nh pjrtch bjpphnr.
bjpphnr. Pcrc cgvcr hc
cgtuchkzcgk÷f, prnskjfn hc tnghc U^pbctnY bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
Ãfa Bkrng
Nstc lufgk÷f kfghkfc nh vjhuinf bn iunstrc pcrc nh nspngtrj
n spngtrj Bjpphnr.
Bjpphnr. Nstc lufgk÷f ns
sjhcinftn pcrc hjs trcfsbugtjrns hkfnchns. Pcrc coustcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Ãfa
Bkrng nf
Bkrng nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. Gcbc fkvnh bn cuinftj/bksikfugk÷f bnh ãfauhj ns bn > arcbjs.
Ãfauhj cutjiãgj
Nh ãfauhj cutjiãgj hn pnriktn coustcr nh ãfauhj nf <0 arcbjs. Pcrc coustcr
coustcr nh ãfauhj PQ
Bjpphnr,, snhnggkjfn Ãfauhj cutjiãgj nf
Bjpphnr cutjiãgj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Gchg. cutjiãgj
Cgvn nh gãhguhj cutjiãgcinf
cutjiãgcinftn. tn. Pcrc coustcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Gchg.
cutjiãgj nf
cutjiãgj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Gkghj bn gchg. cutjiãgj

Nstc lufgk÷f sn uhkzc pcrc coustcr nh fÿinrj bn gkghjs. Pcrc coustcrhc, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Gkghj
bn gchg. cutjiãgj nf
Bkrnggk÷f
Nstc lufgk÷f sn uhkzc pcrc nspngkgcr hc pcrtn bnh nspngtrj qun sn quknrn gchguhcr gucfbj sn
uhkzc Gchg. cutjiãgj. Pcrc coustcrhc, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Bkrnggk÷f

Bkrnggk÷f nf
Kfvnrr
Nstc lufgk÷f kfvknrtn vnrgchinftn nh trczcbj nspngtrch skf clngtcr hc pjskgk÷f kfkgkch. Pcrc
kfvnrrhj, snhnggkjfn Kfvnrr
Kfvnrr nf
nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. Hjs skafjs iãs (+) y infjs (-) nf hc nsgchc
bn vnhjgkbcb sn rnvknrtnf gucfbj nh nspngtrj sn kfvknrtn. Hcs vnhjgkbcbns pjskvcs sn iunstrcf
bndcoj bnh vchjr kfkgkch.
kicanf 4-43

\nh. dcrrkbj
Nstc lufgk÷f hn pnriktn coustcr hc vnhjgkbcb bn dcrrkbj bnh nspngtrj Bjpphnr. Pcrc
Pcrc cuinftcr j
bksikfukr hc vnhjgkbcb bn dcrrkbj, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Dcrrkbj
Dcrrkbj nf

Hc Héfnc bn nipj
n ipj gjiphntc hn pnriktn nxpcfbkr hc pcftchhc nf héfnc bn nipj gjiphntc. Pcrc
nxpcfbkr hc pcftchhc nf héfnc bn nipj
n ipj gjiphntc, snhnggkjfn B gjiphntj nf
Ijstrcr ljrictj
Nstc lufgk÷f gcidkc hc bkspjskgk÷f mjrkzjftch/vnrgch
mjrkzjftch/vnrgch nftrn nh ijbj 4B y nh ijbj Bjpphnr
j hc grjfjhjaéc ÿfkgcinftn. Punbn nhnakr g÷ij quknrn vksuchkzcr hc cfctjiéc y hc grjfjhjaéc
Bjpphnr.. Pcrc coustcr nstc lufgk÷f, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Ijstrcr ljrictj nf
Bjpphnr ljrictj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Iëtjbj
Nstc lufgk÷f sn uhkzc pcrc rcstrncr nh prjinbkj bn hcs vnhjgkbcbns inbkcs y pkgj nf kiãanfns
nf nipj rnch j gjfanhcbcs. Pcrc coustcrhc,
coustcrhc, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Iëtjbj
Iëtjbj nf
Wnfskdkhkbcb
Nstc lufgk÷f sn uhkzc pcrc coustcr nh trczcbj y csé snaukr nh gkghj bn gurvc pcrc hc kftnfskbcb bn
hc snóch. Pcrc coustcrhc, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Wnfskdkhkbcb
Wnfskdkhkbcb nf
Rknipj pcrc rns.

Nstc lufgk÷f hn pnriktn coustcr nh nqukhkdrkj nftrn hc rnsjhugk÷f tnipjrch y hc rnsjhugk÷f
nspcgkch. Pcrc coustcrhc, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Rknipj pcrc rns. nf
rns. nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Lkhtrj bn pcrnb
Nstc lufgk÷f htrc hcs snóchns bnsjrbnfcbcs jgcskjfcbcs pjr nh ijvkiknftj bn hjs vcsjs. Pcrc
sudkr j dcocr nh htrj bn pcrnb, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf LP
LP nf
4-44 Kfkgkj

Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj GQB

Cgtuchkzcgk÷f (pcusc B)
Nf nh ijbj skiuhtãfnj bn hjs ijbjs 4B y Bjpphnr,
Bjpphnr, punbn pjfnr nf pcusc ufc kicanf
Bjpphnr y ijvnr hc kicanf c hc pcftchhc nf vkvj 4B coustcfbj nh pjrtch bjpphnr.
bjpphnr. Pcrc cgvcr hc
cgtuchkzcgk÷f, prnskjfn hc tnghc U^pbctnY bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
Gjrrnggk÷f bn ãfauhj
Nstc lufgk÷f gchguhc hc vnhjgkbcb bnh uoj nf ufc bkrnggk÷f y nf uf ãfauhj mcstc nh vngtjr bnh
Bjpphnr,, gchguhcfbj nh ãfauhj nftrn nh vngtjr bnh Bjpphnr y nh uoj qun sn vc c inbkr
Bjpphnr inbkr..
Nh uoj mcgkc nh trcfsbugtjr nstã trczcbj pjr nfgkic bnh vchjr kfkgkch y vkgnvnrsc. Pcrc coustcr nh
ãfauhj rnhcvj c hc gcrc bnh trcfsbugtjr,
trcfsbugtjr, akrn hc tnghc UCfahnY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh. Hc nsgchc
bn vnhjgkbcb gcidkc gucfbj coustc hc gjrrnggk÷f bn ãfauhj.

Hc Héfnc bn nipj gjiphntc hn pnriktn nxpcfbkr hc pcftchhc nf héfnc bn nipj
n ipj gjiphntc. Pcrc
nxpcfbkr hc pcftchhc nf héfnc bn nipj gjiphntc, snhnggkjfn GQ gjiphntj nf
Rknipj pcrc rns.

Nstc lufgk÷f hn pnriktn coustcr nh nqukhkdrkj nftrn hc rnsjhugk÷f tnipjrch y hc rnsjhugk÷f
nspcgkch. Pcrc coustcrhc, snhnggkjfn 8 j 6 nf Rknipj pcrc rns. nf
rns. nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
kicanf 4-47

Gjftrjhns bn lufgkjfciknftj bn hjs ijbjs 7B y 2B

Rnghc Bnsgrkpgk÷f
Nf nh ijbj bn gjfaurcgk÷f 7B/2B, prnskjfn pcrc jdtnfnr ufc kicanf 7B

j 2B.
Lrnnzn Nf nh ijbj 7B, prnskjfn pcrc gcidkcr ch ijbj bn gjfaurcgk÷f 7B/2B.
Nf nh ijbj 2B, prnskjfn pcrc gcidkcr ch ijbj 7B. Prnskjfn ufc vnz iãs
pcrc vjhvnr ch ijbj 2B.
Cfahn Nf nh ijbj 7B j 2B, rjtc nh non ]5 rjtcgk÷f mcgkc crrkdc y mcgkc cdcoj.
Nf nh ijbj 7B j 2B, rjtc nh non [5 rjtcgk÷f mcgkc hc kzquknrbc y mcgkc hc

PQ
bnrngmc.
Nf nh ijbj 7B j 2B, rjtc nh non _5 rjtcgk÷f nf snfbj mjrcrkj y nf snfbj

GL
gjftrcmjrcrkj.
Nf nh ijbj 7B j 2B, iunvn nf pcrchnhj.

• Phcfj C? Kzquknrbc/bnrngmc
I
• Phcfj D? Crrkdc/cdcoj
• Phcfj G j 7B? Mcgkc cbnhcftn/ctrãs
Wkfahn Iunstrc ufc kicanf 7B.
Buch Iunstrc ufc kicanf bn rnlnrnfgkc y ufc kicanf 7B.
Sucb Iunstrc trns kiãanfns bn rnlnrnfgkc y ufc kicanf 7B.
Burcftn j bnspuës bn hc cbqukskgk÷f bn bctjs bn vjhuinf, prnskjfn pcrc

gcidkcr hc lufgk÷f. Hc lufgk÷f cgvcbc sn iunstrc c hc nf hc pcrtn kflnrkjr
bnrngmc bn hc pcftchhc?
Prkjrkty • Prkjrkty? Gkfn, Gchg. Gkfn, Ijvnr, TJK, TJK gurvc, Héfnc 3,4,7
• Wnt? Nongutcr y Pcrcr (Gkfn j Gchg. Gkfn), Kicanf y Non (Ijvnr), Pjskgk÷f y
Rcicój (TJK), Pjskgk÷f y Tjtcgk÷f (Héfnc 3,4,7)
• Gursjr? Gursjr (hc pcftchhc cpcrngn vcgéc)
Coustn hc pjskgk÷f, bkrnggk÷f bn hc huz y tcicój bnh gucbrj bn TJK.

Gucfbj nstã prnskjfcbc hc tnghc UPrkjrktyY
UPrkjrktyY,, ÿsnhc pcrc rnchkzcr hc lufgk÷f
cgvcbc?
• Gkfn j Gchg. Gkfn? ßsnhj pcrc ijvnr nh icrgj bn Gkfn.
Rrcgedchh • Ijvnr? ^sn pcrc ijvnr hc kicanf.
• TJK? ^sn pcrc coustcr nh tcicój bnh gucbrj bn gjrtn bn TJK.
• TJK gurvc? ^sn pcrc gcidkcr nh gjftjrfj bn hc héfnc bn gjrtn.
• Gursjr? ^sn pcrc ijvnr nh gursjr c ufc udkgcgk÷f bnsncbc.
• Bkrnggk÷f bn hc huz? ^sn pcrc gcidkcr hc bkrnggk÷f bn hc huz nf Hkvn MS.
4-42 Kfkgkj

Nsgcfncbj bn kicanf 7B
Nf nh ijbj 7B, punbn cbqukrkr kiãanfns 7B c trcvës bn hc kftnrlcz bn cbqukskgk÷f.
3 Jdtnfac ufc kicanf 4B y jpiégnhc pcrc hjarcr hc inojr gchkbcb.

4 Nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh, prnskjfn hc tnghc U7BY
U7BY.. Cpcrngn hc TJK bn gjhjr cicrkhhj y hjs
infÿs bn tnghcs bn lufgk÷f pcrc nh ijbj 7B.
7 Tjtn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Ãfauhj bn vjhuinf.

2 Wnhnggkjfn nh ljrictj bn vksuchkzcgk÷f bnsncbj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh pcrc gcidkcr nh
bksnój bn hc pcftchhc.
> Tjtn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Gchkbcb

Gchkbcb pcrc
pcrc coustcr hc gchkbcb bn hc kicanf.
< Pcrc gcidkcr hc bkrnggk÷f bn hc vkstc bn hc kicanf, rjtn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Bkr. vkstc.
1 Gucfbj mcyc tnrikfcbj, prnskjfn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f ULrnnznY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh pcrc
cbqukrkr hjs bctjs bn hc kicanf.
Nsgcfncbj bn kicanf 2B
Nf nh ijbj 2B, punbn cbqukrkr kiãanfns 2B nf nipj rnch c trcvës bn hc kftnrlcz bn
cbqukskgk÷f.
3 Jdtnfac ufc kicanf 4B y jpiégnhc pcrc hjarcr hc inojr gchkbcb.
4 Nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh, prnskjfn hc tnghc U2BY

U2BY.. Cpcrngn hc TJK bn gjhjr cicrkhhj y hjs
infÿs bn tnghcs bn lufgk÷f pcrc nh ijbj 2B.
7 Tjtn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Ãfauhj bn vjhuinf.
2 Wnhnggkjfn nh ljrictj bn vksuchkzcgk÷f bnsncbj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh pcrc gcidkcr nh

bksnój bn hc pcftchhc.
> Tjtn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Gchkbcb

Gchkbcb pcrc
pcrc coustcr hc gchkbcb bn hc kicanf.
< Pcrc gcidkcr hc bkrnggk÷f bn hc vkstc bn hc kicanf, rjtn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Bkr. vkstc.
1 Gucfbj mcyc tnrikfcbj, prnskjfn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f ULrnnznY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh pcrc
cbqukrkr hjs bctjs bn hc kicanf.
kicanf 4-4>

Jtrjs gjftrjhns
Cgnrgciknftj bn kiãanfns
Punbn ciphkcr ufc rnak÷f bn kftnrës (TJK) nf
n f ufc kicanf nf vkvj nf nh
n h ijbj bn GKFN Hc
jpgk÷f bn cgnrgciknftj ciphéc hc TJK nf hc pcftchhc. Mcy bjs lufgkjfns bn cgnrgciknftj qun
punbn uscr? Cgnrgciknftj bn hngturc y Cgnrgciknftj pcrc nsgrkturc
‗ Pcrc cgvcr Cgnrgciknftj bn hngturc, prnskjfn hc tnghc U_jjiY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.

‗ Pcrc cgvcr Cgnrgciknftj pcrc nsgrkturc, prnskjfn hc tnghc U_jjiY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh
iknftrcs nsgcfnc ufc kicanf nf vkvj.
Gjfanhciknftj
Gjfanhciknftj bn ufc kicanf
3 Burcftn nh nsgcfnj bn ufc kicanf, prnskjfn hc tnghc ULrnnznY bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh pcrc
gjfanhcr hc kicanf.
Rcidkëf punbn gjfanhcr ufc kicanf gjf nh pnbch bnrngmj bnh kftnrruptjr bn pnbch, sk hj
cbiktn.
4 Pcrc rncgvcr hc kicanf, prnskjfn hc tnghc ULrnnznY ufc vnz iãs.
Cgvcgk÷f bnh Ijbj GKFN

3 Prnskjfn hc tnghc ULrnnznY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc fcvnacr pjr hcs sngunfgkcs bn GKFN.
Pcrc ijvnr hc sngunfgkc bn GKFN pjr gucbrj, rjtn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Gucb pjr gucb.
7 Nf hc pcftchhc tãgh, snhnggkjfn Ijvnr prkinr gucbrj pcrc tjicr nh prkinr gucbrj.
2 Wnhnggkjfn Ijvnr ÿhij gucbrj pcrc

gucbrj pcrc tjicr nh ÿhij gucbrj.
> Pcrc schkr bnh ijbj GKFN, prnskjfn hc tnghc ULrnnznY j U4BY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
4-4< Kfkgkj

Cfjtcgk÷f bn kiãanfns
3 Prnskjfn hc tnghc URN]RY
URN]RY bnh
bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh pcrc cgvcr nh Ijbj bn cfjtcgk÷f. Nh
skstnic iunstrc Anfnrch, Cfctjiéc y Pjskgk÷f. Hc pnstcóc rnschtcbc gjrrnspjfbn c hc
tnghc Wnhnggkjfcr qun sn vksuchkzc.
4 Pcrc gjfaurcr hc pjskgk÷f prnbntnrikfcbc bnh gursjr bnh gjinftcrkj

gjinftcrkj,, usn URrcgedchhY
pcrc gjhjgcr nh gursjr nf hc udkgcgk÷f bnsncbc bn hc pcftchhc bn hc kicanf y prnskjfn
Nstcdhngnr Kfkgkj nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
7 Nh skstnic dusgc cutjiãgcinftn hc pchcdrc qun bnsnc nf hc dcrrc bn tnxtj.
2 Bnspuës bn cgvcr nh ijbj bn tnxtj, cpcrngn uf gursjr bn pj dcrrc vnrgch nf hc

pcftchhc. ^sn URrcgedchhY pcrc ijvnr nh gursjr.
FJRC
Nh gjhjr bn tnxtj prnbntnrikfcbj
prnbntnrikfcbj ns cicrkhhj. Wn punbn gcidkcr hc snhnggk÷f bnh gjhjr c
guchquknrc bn hjs gjhjrns bkspjfkdhns nf nh skstnic.
> Gucfbj sn snhnggkjfc uf gjinftcrkj j arupj bn gjinftcrkjs nspngégj, nh gjhjr sn

vunhvn vnrbn. ^fc vnz qun sn gjfaurc j sn oc nh gjinftcrkj, nh gjhjr vunhvn ch cicrkhhj
j ch gjhjr snhnggkjfcbj pjr nh usucrkj.
< Djrrn hjs gcrcgtnrns j tjbjs hjs gjinftcrkjs sk ns fngnscrkj.

‗ Pcrc djrrcr gjinftcrkjs pjr gcrcgtnrns, snhnggkjfn Tntrjgnsj
Tntrjgnsj nf
‗ Pcrc djrrcr gjinftcrkjs pjr pchcdrc, rjtn y prnskjfn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Rjicr/
Djrrcr.
‗ Pcrc djrrcr sjhj hjs gjinftcrkjs, puhsn hc tnghc UGhncrY
UGhncrY oustj
oustj bnspuës bn puhscr
URnxtY.
‗ Pcrc djrrcr sjhj hcs ngmcs, puhsn hc tnghc UGhncrY
UGhncrY oustj
oustj bnspuës bn puhscr UCrrjwY.
‗ Pcrc djrrcr tjbjs hjs gjinftcrkjs y ngmcs puhsn hc tnghc UGhncrY bnspuës bn nftrcr
nf nh ijbj bn nsgcfnj.
1 Tjtn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Rjicr/Djrrcr pcrc ijvnr uf arupj bn pchcdrcs nf hc pcftchhc.

= Pcrc bnscgvcr nh ijbj bn cfjtcgk÷f, prnskjfn hc tnghc URN]RY.
kicanf 4-41

Lkaurc
Pcrc kfsnrtcr ufc aurc,
3 Pcrc cgvcr Lkaurc, prnskjfn hc tnghc UDjby PcnrfY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.

Cpcrngnrã ufc hkstc bn aurcs nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Gucfbj cgvn nstc lufgk÷f, cpcrngnrã ufc aurc pjr bnlngtj.
FJRC
Pcrc gjfaurcrhj, prnskjfn hc tnghc UWystni PrnsntY y
PrnsntY y vcyc c Cfjtcgk÷f 6 Lkaurc.
4 Tjtn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Dkdhkjtngc

Dkdhkjtngc pcrc
pcrc snhnggkjfcr hc cphkgcgk÷f bnsncbc.
FJRC
Hc hkstc bn aurcs qun cpcrngn nf hc pcftchhc tãgh vcrkcrã nf lufgk÷f bn hc cphkgcgk÷f
snhnggkjfcbc.
7 Wnhnggkjfn hc aurc qun bnsnn nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.

Wn ijstrcrã hc aurc gjf uf icrgcbjr bn trcfsbugtjr nf hc pcftchhc.
2 Pcrc gcidkcr hc pjskgk÷f bn hc aurc, prnskjfn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Ijvnr aurcs.

> ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc coustcr hc pjskgk÷f bn hc aurc y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
< Akrn hc tnghc Rcicój bn sjfbc pcrc

sjfbc pcrc snhnggkjfcr nh tcicój bnsncbj bnh icrgcbjr bn
trcfsbugtjr. Nh icrgcbjr bn trcfsbugtjr snhnggkjfcbj cpcrngnrã nf hc pcftchhc.
1 Akrn hc tnghc Ãfauhj bn sjfbc pcrc

sjfbc pcrc coustcr nh ãfauhj bnh icrgcbjr bn trcfsbugtjr.
= ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc coustcr hc pjskgk÷f bnh icrgcbjr bn trcfsbugtjr y prnskjfn hc tnghc
UWntY.
Pcrc djrrcr ufc aurc,

‗ tnghc UGhncr ChhY nf nh tnghcbj SQNTR[.
Prnskjfn hc tnghc
4-4= Kfkgkj

Cbikfkstrcgk÷f bn kicanf y bctjs bnh pcgknftn

Pjrtcpcpnhns
Gcpturcr nf nh pjrtcpcpnhns
Prnskjfn hc tnghc UPrkftY pcrc gcpturcr kiãanfns nf nh pjrtcpcpnhns. Chhé punbn vnr hcs
kiãanfns nf ikfkcturc.
FJRC
Hc tnghc Kiprkikr sn punbn prjarcicr. Punbn cskafcr hcs lufgkjfns bn hcs tnghcs Kiprkikr, P3 y
P4 nf Gjfaurcgk÷f bn usucrkj 6 Kiprkikr/Pnbch.
Tngcracr
Tngcracr kiãanfns bnsbn nh pjrtcpcpnhns
3 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UGursjrY pcrc jdtnfnr nh gursjr.
4 Iunvc nh gursjr sjdrn hc kicanf qun bnsnc vjhvnr c gcracr gjf URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY y
y prnskjfn hc
tnghc UWntY.
7 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY pcrc vjhvnr c gcracr hc kicanf snhnggkjfcbc nf hc kicanf bn
pcftchhc gjiphntc.
Rcidkëf punbn mcgnr bjdhn ghkg nf
n f ufc kicanf nf ikfkcturc pcrc vjhvnr c gcracr
ufc kicanf. Pcrc bnshkzcr hc pãakfc, mcac ghkg nf hc icrgc bn ngmc bn hc dcrrc bn
bnsphczciknftj pcrc ijvnrsn
ijvnrsn mcgkc crrkdc y mcgkc cdcoj.
Djrrcr kiãanfns bnh pjrtcpcpnhns

3 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UGursjrY pcrc jdtnfnr nh gursjr.
4 Iunvc nh gursjr sjdrn hc kicanf qun bnsnc djrrcr gjf URrcgedchhY

URrcgedchhY y
y prnskjfn hc tnghc
UWntY.
7 Mcac ghkg nf nh égjfj bn hc pcpnhnrc ( ) nf hc pcrtn kflnrkjr bnrngmc.
2 Gucfbj cpcrnzgc nh gucbrj bn bkãhjaj, Gjfricjf mcac ghkg

ghk g nf Wé pcrc
pcrc nhkikfcr hc
kicanf.

pcgknftn 4-4;

Aucrbcr kiãanfns bn icfnrc pnricfnftn

3 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UN-vknwY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh. Hcs kiãanfns nf nh pjrtcpcpnhns
cpcrngnf nxpcfbkbcs.
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc snhnggkjfcr ufc kicanf j vcrkcs y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
Pcrc snhnggkjfcr tjbcs hcs kiãanfns, snhnggkjfn Wnhnggkjfcr tjbj. Pcrc snhnggkjfcr
kiãanfns kfvnrbcs, snhnggkjfn Kfvnrr snhnggk÷f.
7 Wnhnggkjfn Crgmkvj
Crgmkvj nf
nf hc pcftchhc tãgh pcrc aucrbcr hcs kiãanfns.
N-vknw
N-vknw hn pnriktn vnr tjbjs hjs bctjs bnh pcgknftn bnsbn hc dcsn bn bctjs hjgch j nh inbkj
nxtrcédhn, nxpjrtcr/kipjrtcr,
nxpjrtcr/kipjrtcr, aucrbcr gjf uf ljrictj gjipcdhn gjf PG y nfvkcr kiãanfns
BKGJI c uf snrvkbjr rnijtj nf hc rnb. Cbniãs hn pnriktn cdrkr uf nxcinf nxkstnftn
nxkstnftn bnh
pcgknftn.
Gjpkc bn snaurkbcb
Pcrc nxpjrtcr bnsbn nh bksgj burj hjgch c uf inbkj nxtrcédhn,
3 Kftrjbuzgc nh inbkj nxtrcédhn nf hc ufkbcb bn icfnrc gjrrngtc.
4 Wnhnggkjfn nh Bksgj burj hjgch bn hc hkstc bnsphnacdhn Jrkanf.
7 Wnhnggkjfn hjs pcgknftns bn hc hkstc bn pcgknftns.
2 Wnhnggkjfn Gjpkc bn snaurkbcb nf

snaurkbcb nf hc pcftchhc tãgh, j snhnggkjfn Gjpkc bn snaurkbcb nf
hc snhnggk÷f bn lufgkjfns.
Cpcrngn nh gucbrj bn bkãhjaj.
> Wnhnggkjfn uf inbkj bn hc hkstc bnsphnacdhn Bkspjsktvj.
< Wk snhnggkjfc ^WD j Bksgj burj ^WD bn hc hkstc bnsphnacdhn Bkspjsktvj, pjbrã kftrjbugkr
hc bnsgrkpgk÷f gjij kfljricgk÷f j gjinftcrkj.

1 Wk snhnggkjfc GB/B\B bn hc hkstc bnsphnacdhn Bkspjsktvj, nfn hcs skauknftns jpgkjfns?
• Lkfchkzcgk÷f bn GB/B\B?
GB/B\B? Lkfchkzc nh GB j B\B pcrc nvktcr qun sn gjffÿn
nsgrkdknfbj.
• \nrkgcgk÷f bnspuës bn hc arcdcgk÷f bnh GB?

GB? \nrkgc hjs bctjs bnh pcgknftn nf uf
GB j B\B bnspuës bn hc arcdcgk÷f bnh GB j B\B.
= Mcac ghkg nf Wé . Hc kfljricgk÷f bn nstcbj sn iunstrc nf nh spjjhnr bn dcgeup burcftn

burcftn hc
nxpjrtcgk÷f bn hjs gmnrjs.
4-70 Kfkgkj

Pcrc rnstcurcr
rnstcurcr bnsbn uf inbkj nxtrcédhn ch bksgj burj hjgch,
3 Kftrjbuzgc uf inbkj qun gjftnfac hjs bctjs bnh pcgknftn.
4 Wnhnggkjfn uf inbkj nxtrcédhn bn hc hkstc bnsphnacdhn Jrkanf.
2 Mcac ghkg nf Kipjrtcr

Kipjrtcr.. Cpcrngn hc dcrrc bn prjarnsj iknftrcs sn kipjrtcf hjs crgmkvjs.
> Pcrc nxpuhscr nh inbkj nxtrcédhn (pcrc GB j B\B), prnskjfn hc tnghc UNongtY nf nh tnghcbj
SQNTR[.
Nfvkcr c
❟ GB/B\B,, ^WD/Bksgj burj ^WD, Tnb
GB/B\B
7 Kftrjbuzgc
Kftrjbuzgc nh inbkj nxtrcédhn nf hc ufkbcb bn icfnrc gjrrngtc.
2 Wnhnggkjfn Nfvkcr c nf

c nf hc pcftchhc tãgh, j snhnggkjfn Nfvkcr c nf
c nf hc snhnggk÷f bn
lufgkjfns.
> Wnhnggkjfn uf pj bn inbkj bn chicgnfciknftj c hc kzquknrbc bnh gucbrj bn bkãhjaj.
< Wnhnggkjfn uf inbkj bn hc hkstc bnsphnacdhn Bkspjsktvj.
FJRC
Wk snhnggkjfc ^WD
^WD,, Bksgj burj ^WD j ^fkbcb bn rnb bn hc hkstc bnsphnacdhn
Bkspjsktvj, punb
punbnn mcgn
mcgnrr ghkg
ghkg nf nh kgj
kgjfj
fj bn cóc
cócbkr
bkr gcr
gcrpn
pntc
tc ( ) j nf nh bn
nhkikfcr gcrpntc ( ) pcrc cócbkr j nhkikfcr gcrpntcs.
1 Wk snhnggkjfc GB/B\B
GB/B\B,, ^WD/Bksgj Burj ^WD j Tnb
Tnb,, nfn hcs skauknftns jpgkjfns?
• Anfnrcr crgmkvj BKGJIBKT?
BKGJIBKT? Aucrbc hjs bctjs bnh pcgknftn gjij uf crgmkvj
BKGJIBKT.
• Lkfchkzcgk÷f bn GB/B\B?
GB/B\B? Lkfchkzc nh GB j B\B pcrc nvktcr qun sn gjffÿn
nsgrkdknfbj.
• \nrkg
\nrkgcgk÷f
cgk÷f bnspuës bn hc arcdcgk÷f
a rcdcgk÷f bnh GB?
GB? \nrkgc hjs bctjs bnh pcgknftn nf
uf GB j B\B bnspuës bn hc arcdcgk÷f bnh GB j B\B.
= Nh skstnic grnc uf fjidrn bn crgmkvj cutjiãgcinftn.

Pcrc gcidkcr nh fjidrn bn uf crgmkvj, icrqun hc gcskhhc Nbktcr fjidrn bn crgmkvj n
kfarnsn uf fjidrn nf nh gcipj Fjidrn bn crgmkvj.

pcgknftn 4-73

; Wnhnggkjfn uf ljrictj bn kicanf nf nh gcipj Rkpj.

Pcrc aucrbcr hcs kiãanfns bn GKFN gjij uf crgmkvj bn vkbnj, pcsn ch pcsj 34.
30 Wk snhnggkjf÷ BGI
BGI nf
nf pcsj ;, snhnggkjfn uf pj bn gjiprnsk÷f nf nh gcipj
Gjiprnsk÷f.
33 Wk snhnggkjf÷ OPNA
OPNA nf
nf nh pcsj ;, snhnggkjfn ufc gchkbcb bn kicanf nf nh gcipj
Gchkbcb .
34 Wnhnggkjfn uf ljrictj bn crgmkvj bn vkbnj.

Gkfn 4B?
• 4B? Aucrbc kiãanfns bn GKFN 4B gjf ljrictj QI\ j C\K.
• Gkfn vjhuinf 2B (*C\K)
(*C\K)?? Aucrbc kiãanfns bn GKFN vjhuinf 2B gjf ljrictj
C\K.
37 Gucfbj tnrikfn, mcac ghkg nf Aucrbcr.
❟ PCGW
Gjf nstc jpgk÷f punbn trcfslnrkr bctjs bn pcgknftns ch bkspjskvj BKGJI gjij
Chicgnfciknftj BKGJI j Kiprkikr BKGJI.
Pcrc nfvkcr bnsbn nh bksgj burj hjgch c uf bkspjskvj BKGJI,

lufgkjfns.
2 Wnhnggkjfn PCGW nf hc kzquknrbc bnh gucbrj bn bkãhjaj.
> Wnhnggkjfn nh bkspjskvj bn bnsfj bn hc hkstc bnsphnacdhn Wnrvkbjr BKGJI.
< Mcac ghkg nf Nfvkcr

Nfvkcr.. Cpcrngn hc dcrrc bn prjarnsj iknftrcs sn trcfsnrnf hjs crgmkvjs.
❟ Kiprnsjrc

lufgkjfns.
2 Wnhnggkjfn Kiprnsjrc nf hc kzquknrbc bnh gucbrj bn bkãhjaj.
> Wnhnggkjfn ufc kiprnsjrc (prnbntnrikfcbc) y gjfaurn hcs jpgkjfns bn kiprnsk÷f.
< Gucfbj tnrikfn, mcac ghkg nf Kiprkikr.

Hc kiprnsjrc snhnggkjfcbc kiprkin hc j hcs kiãanfns snhnggkjfcbcs.
4-74 Kfkgkj

Kfljrin
Nstc lufgk÷f hn pnriktn cggnbnr c hc Mjoc bn bctjs. Prnskjfn hc tnghc UTnpjrtY nf nh pcfnh bn
gjftrjh.
Tncdrkr nxcinf
Pcrc cdrkr nh nxcinf snhnggkjfcbj,
3 Wnhnggkjfn nh pcgknftn bnsncbj bn hc hkstc bn pcgknftns.
4 Wnhnggkjfn Tncdrkr nxcinf nf

nxcinf nf hc pcftchhc tãgh, j snhnggkjfn Tncdrkr nxcinf nf hc
snhnggk÷f bn lufgkjfns.
Cpcrngn hc pcftchhc bn nsgcfnj.
7 Nbktn ufc kicanf y auãrbnhc.

2 Pcrc fchkzcr nh nxcinf cgtuch, puhsn UNfb NxciY.
Tnvksk÷f bn ufc kicanf
Nhkoc ufc kicanf y snhnggkjfn Tnvkscr

bn nsgcfnj.
Tnvkscr nf
nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. Hc kicanf sn iunstrc nf hc pcftchhc
Lkfchkzcgk÷f bn uf nstubkj
Pcrc fchkzcr uf nstubkj bn kfinbkctj,
‗ tnghc UNfb NxciY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
Prnskjfn hc tnghc

pcgknftn 4-77

Inbkgkjfns n kfljrins
Jpnrcgkjfns bn inbkgk÷f dãskgc
Pcrc gjinfzcr hc inbkgk÷f,
3 Nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh, prnskjfn hc tnghc UIncsurnY.
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY pcrc ijvnr nh puftj.

UWntY pcrc
pcrc ocr nh puftj.
Pcrc ijbkgcr ufc inbkgk÷f,
3 Mcac ghkg nf nh vchjr qun quknrc ijbkgcr nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj. Nh gchkdrcbjr sn

cgvc.
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY pcrc gcidkcr nh vchjr bn inbkgk÷f y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.

‗ Pcrc gcidkcr hc icrgc bnh gchkdrcbjr bnh vchjr cgtuch, prnskjfn hc tnghc UIncsurnY
gucfbj nh gchkdrcbjr nstë cgvj.
‗ Pcrc cgvcr nh gchkdrcbjr bn jtrj vchjr
vchjr,, prnskjfn rnpnbcinftn hc tnghc UPrkjrktyY
mcstc qun sn rnschtn nh vchjr bnsncbj.
Pcrc djrrcr ufc inbkgk÷f,
3 Mcac ghkg nf nh rnsuhtcbj qun quknrn djrrcr nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj. Nh gchkdrcbjr sn

cgvc.
4 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UGhncrY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
Pcrc schkr, prnskjfn hc tnghc UNxktY j U4BY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
\nftcfc bn rnsuhtcbjs bn inbkgkjfns

Hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj iunstrc hjs rnsuhtcbjs bn inbkgkjfns.
Égjfj Bnsgrkpgk÷f
Gcidkc nh pj bn ljfbj (ns bngkr, trcfspcrnftn u jpcgj) bn hc vnftcfc

Tnsuhtcbj.
Gcidkn hc pjskgk÷f bn hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
\ksuchkzc nh pnqunój kfljrin.
4-72 Kfkgkj

Inbkgkjfns dãskgcs
Hcs inbkgkjfns dãskgcs nstãf bkspjfkdhns nf hjs skauknftns ijbjs bn kicanf?
• Ijbj 4B
• Ijbj I
• Ijbj Bjpphnr
Inbkgkjfns nf ijbj 4B
❟ Bkstcfgkc
Bkstcfgkc 3
3 Wnhnggkjfn Bkstcfgkc
Bkstcfgkc nf
nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. Cpcrngn nh puftj bn pcrbc.
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh icrgcbjr ch puftj bn pcrbc.

UWntY pcrc
pcrc ocr nh puftj. Cpcrngn nh puftj bn fchkzcgk÷f, qun sn
supnrpjfn gjf nh puftj bn pcrbc.
2 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh icrgcbjr ch puftj bn fchkzcgk÷f, y prnskjfn hc tnghc
UWntY.
> Wn oc nh vchjr inbkbj, y sn iunstrc hc bkstcfgkc (B

(B) nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
7 Hjfaktubns
Bkstcfgkc nf
4 Rrcgn trns héfncs rngtcs gjf URrcgedchhY

URrcgedchhY,, y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
7 Iunvc nh gucrtj puftj, y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
2 Wn oc nh vchjr inbkbj, y hcs trns bkstcfgkcs (B3

(B3,, B4
B4,, B7
B7)) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc
Tnsuhtcbj.
Hjfaktub bn trczcbj
Bkstcfgkc nf
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh icrgcbjr ch puftj bn pcrbc, y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
Cpcrngn nh puftj bn fchkzcgk÷f.
7 Iunvc nh puftj bn fchkzcgk÷f arcbuchinftn c hj hcraj bn hc gkrguflnrnfgkc bnh

jdonvj gjf URrcgedchhY .
2 Gucfbj nh puftj bn pcrbc y fchkzcgk÷f qunbcf gjfngtcbjs gjf ufc héfnc, prnskjfn
hc tnghc UWntY
UWntY pcrc
pcrc gjiphntcr hc inbkgk÷f.
> Wn oc nh vchjr inbkbj, y sn iunstrc hc bkstcfgkc (B

Inbkgkjfns n kfljrins 4-7>

❟ Gkrguflnrnfgkc
Gkrguflnrnfgkc y ãrnc
Nhkpsn
3 Wnhnggkjfn Nhkpsn
Nhkpsn nf
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
Wn oc nh prkinr puftj, y cpcrngn nh snaufbj.
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh icrgcbjr ch snaufbj puftj, y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
Cpcrngn hc nhkpsn.
2 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc coustcr hc chturc bn hc nhkpsn y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY
funvcinftn.
‗ Pcrc cuinftcr hc chturc, iunvc URrcgedchhY

URrcgedchhY mcgkc
mcgkc crrkdc y c hc bnrngmc.
‗ Pcrc rnbugkr hc chturc, iunvc URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY mcgkc
mcgkc cdcoj y c hc kzquknrbc.
> Wn oc nh vchjr inbkbj. Hjs bjs bkãintrjs (B3

(B3,, B4
B4),
), hc gkrguflnrnfgkc (G
(G) y nh ãrnc (C
( C)
sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
Rrczcbj
3 Wnhnggkjfn Rrczcbj
Rrczcbj nf
nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. Cpcrngn nh
n h puftj bn pcrbc.
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh puftj bn fchkzcgk÷f arcbuchinftn c hj hcraj bn
gkrguflnrnfgkc bnh jdontj intc.
2 Gucfbj nh puftj bn pcrbc y fchkzcgk÷f qunbcf gjfngtcbjs gjf ufc héfnc, prnskjfn
hc tnghc UWntY
UWntY pcrc
pcrc gjiphntcr hc inbkgk÷f.
> Wn oc nh vchjr inbkbj. Hc gkrguflnrnfgkc (G

(G) y nh ãrnc (C
(C) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc
Tnsuhtcbj.
4-7< Kfkgkj

Gurvcturc
3 Wnhnggkjfn Gurvcturc
Gurvcturc nf
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
Cpcrngn nh snaufbj puftj.
7 Gjfaurcr nh tnrgnr y hjs sudskauknftns puftjs bn hc iksic icfnrc.

UWntY bjs
bjs vngns nf nh iksij puftj pcrc ocr nh puftj bn fchkzcgk÷f.
> Wn oc nh vchjr inbkbj. Hc gkrguflnrnfgkc (G

(G) y nh ãrnc (C
( C) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc
Tnsuhtcbj.
❟ Ãfauhj
7 puftjs bnh ãfauhj
3 Wnhnggkjfn Ãfauhj
Ãfauhj nf
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY pcrc ijvnr nh icrgcbjr ch snaufbj puftj.
2 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY. Cpcrngn nh tnrgnr puftj.

> ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh tnrgnr puftj ch puftj bn fchkzcgk÷f bn hc inbkgk÷f bnh
ãfauhj.
< Prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY. Cpcrngn nh ãfauhj nftrn hcs bjs héfncs.
1 Nh ãfauhj (Ãfauhj
Ãfauhj)) sn iunstrc nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
7 héfncs bnh ãfauhj
3 Wnhnggkjfn Ãfauhj
Ãfauhj nf
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
Wn oc nh prkinr puftj, y cpcrngn nh snaufbj gjf ljric bn ngmc.
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY pcrc ijvnr nh icrgcbjr ch snaufbj puftj.
2 Icrqun nh vchjr kfkgkch, y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY

UWntY pcrc
pcrc ocr nh vchjr kfkgkch.
Cpcrngn nh tnrgnr puftj.
> Rrcgn bjs héfncs rngtcs pcrc qun gjrtnf nh puftj bn rnlnrnfgkc bn kauch icfnrc.
Cpcrngnf hjs ãfauhjs γ y δ.
< Prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY

UWntY nf
nf nh puftj fch bn hc tnrgnrc héfnc rngtc pcrc ocr nh vchjr
inbkbj.
Hjs bjs ãfauhjs (Chlc
Chlc,, Dntc
Dntc)) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
Inbkgkjfns n kfljrins 4-71

❟ %Nstnfjsks
Gãhguhj bnh pjrgnftcon bn nstnfjsks bn hjs bjs bkãintrjs
3 Wnhnggkjfn %Nstnfjsks
%Nstnfjsks nf
4 Ikbc nh bkãintrj icyjr (B3

(B3)) bn hc nstnfjsks
n stnfjsks gjf URrcgedchhY
7 Ikbc nh bkãintrj infjr ( B4

B4)) bn hc nstnfjsks
2 Hjs bjs bkãintrjs (B3

B3,, B4
B4)) y nh pjrgnftcon bn bkãintrj bn hc nstnfjsks
(%Nstnfj(Bkãi)
%Nstnfj(Bkãi))) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
Gãhguhj bnh pjrgnftcon bn nstnfjsks bn hcs bjs nhkpsns

nhk psns
%Nstnfjsks nf
4 Ikbc nh ãrnc nxtnrkjr ( C3

C3)) bn hc nstnfjsks
7 Ikbc nh ãrnc kftnrfc (C4

C4)) bn hc nstnfjsks gjf URrcgedchhY
2 Hcs bjs nhkpsns (C3

C3,, C4
C4)) y nh pjrgnftcon bn bkãintrj bn hc nstnfjsks (%Nstnfj(Ãrnc)
(%Nstnfj(Ãrnc)))
❟ \jhuinf
\jhuinf bn bkstcfgkc 7
3 Wnhnggkjfn \jhuinf
\jhuinf nf
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh icrgcbjr ch snaufbj puftj, y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY
funvcinftn.
Wn ikbn hc prkinrc bkstcfgkc.
2 Ikbc hc snaufbc y hc tnrgnrc bkstcfgkc bn hc iksic icfnrc.

Gucfbj sn mcycf inbkbj hcs trns bkstcfgkcs, sn gchguhc nh vjhuinf.
> Wn oc nh vchjr inbkbj. Hcs trns bkstcfgkcs (B3

(B3,, B4
B4,, B7
B7)) y nh vjhuinf (\jh.
(\jh.)) sn
iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
4-7= Kfkgkj

Nhkpsn
3 Wnhnggkjfn \jhuinf
\jhuinf nf
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh icrgcbjr ch snaufbj puftj y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
Cpcrngn hc nhkpsn.
2 ^sn URrcgedchhY pcrc coustcr hc chturc bn hc nhkpsn y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY

funvcinftn.
‗ Pcrc cuinftcr hc chturc, iunvc URrcgedchhY

URrcgedchhY mcgkc
mcgkc crrkdc y c hc bnrngmc.
‗ Pcrc rnbugkr hc chturc, iunvc URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY mcgkc
mcgkc cdcoj y c hc kzquknrbc.
> Wn oc nh vchjr inbkbj. Hcs bjs bkstcfgkcs (B3

(B3,, B4
B4)) y nh vjhuinf (\jh.
(\jh.)) sn iunstrcf nf
hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
❟ \jhuinf bn bksgj
Rrczcbj
3 Wnhnggkjfn \jhuinf bn bksgj nf

bksgj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. Cpcrngn nh puftj bn pcrbc.
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY pcrc grncr uf trczcbj bn hc nstrugturc gjf nh snaufbj puftj.
2 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY pcrc gjiphntcr nh trczcbj.

Hjs puftjs bn pcrbc y fchkzcgk÷f bnh trczcbj sn gjfngtcf, y cpcrngn ufc héfnc qun
rnprnsnftc nh non hjfaktubkfch.
> Prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY funvcinftn. Wn gchguhc nh vjhuinf.
< Nh ãrnc (C), hc gkrguflnrnfgkc (G

(G), nh bkãintrj (B
(B), y nh vjhuinf (\jh.
Inbkgkjfns n kfljrins 4-7;

Gurvcturc
3 Wnhnggkjfn \jhuinf bn bksgj nf
bksgj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. Cpcrngn nh
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
Cpcrngn nh snaufbj puftj.
7 Gjfaurcr nh tnrgnr y hjs sudskauknftns puftjs bn hc iksic icfnrc.
2 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY bjs vngns pcrc gjiphntcr nh trczcbj.

Hjs puftjs bn pcrbc y fchkzcgk÷f bnh trczcbj sn gjfngtcf, y cpcrngn ufc héfnc qun
rnprnsnftc nh non hjfaktubkfch.
> Prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY funvcinftn. Wn gchguhc nh vjhuinf.
< Nh ãrnc (C), hc gkrguflnrnfgkc (G

(G), nh bkãintrj (B
(B), y nh vjhuinf (\jh.
❟ Gjngknftn C/D
Gjngknftn bn hjs bjs bkãintrjs
3 Wnhnggkjfn Gjngknftn C/D nf

C/D nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. Cpcrngn nh puftj bn pcrbc.
4 Ikbc nh prkinr bkãintrj (B3

B3)) bnh gjngknftn gjf URrcgedchhY
7 Ikbc nh snaufbj bkãintrj ( B4

B4)) bnh gjngknftn gjf URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY,, y prnskjfn hc tnghc
UWntY.
2 Wn gchguhc nh gjngknftn. Hcs bjs bkstcfgkcs (B3

(B3,, B4
B4)) y nh gjngknftn C/D (Gjngknftn
(Gjngknftn
C/D)) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
C/D
Gjngknftn bn hcs bjs nhkpsns

C/D nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. Cpcrngn nh puftj bn pcrbc.
4 Ikbc nh prkinr ãrnc (C3

C3)) bnh gjngknftn gjf URrcgedchhY
7 Ikbc nh snaufbj ãrnc (C4

C4)) bnh gjngknftn gjf URrcgedchhY
2 Wn gchguhc nh gjngknftn. Hcs bjs nhkpsns (C3

(C3,, C4
C4)) y nh gjngknftn C/D (Gjngknftn
(Gjngknftn
C/D)) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
C/D
4-20 Kfkgkj

❟ Mkstjarcic
3 Wnhnggkjfn Mkstjarcic
Mkstjarcic nf
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY pcrc ijvnr nh gchkdrcbjr mcstc hc nsqukfc bnh ãrnc nf hc qun bnsnc
inbkr nh mkstjarcic
mkstjarcic..
7 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
2 ^sn URrcgedchhY pcrc ijvnr nh gchkdrcbjr nf bkcajfch ch hcbj jpunstj bnh ãrnc.
> Prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY. Nh vchjr inbkbj sn iunstrc nf hc vnftcfc Mkstjarcic.

Pcrc vnr nh mkstjarcic, vcyc c hc vnftcfc Mkstjarcic.
❟ Gjipcrcgk÷f bnh tcicój bn hc nhcstjarcc
FJRC
Hc Gjipcrcgk÷f bnh tcicój bn hc nhcstjarc
nhcstjarcc
c sjhj sn punbn mcgnr nf gjfanhcbj nf nh
ijbj Nhcstjarcc.
3 Wnhnggkjfn Nhcstjarcc
Nhcstjarcc nf
nf hc pcftchhc tãgh pcrc nftrcr nf nh ijbj Nhcstjarcc.
Cpcrngn nh ijbj Buch nf vkvj.
4 Hhnvn c gcdj nh
n h nsgcfnj. Hc gjiprnsk÷f/bnsgji
gjiprnsk÷f/bnsgjiprnsk÷f
prnsk÷f icfuch cbngucbc sn iunstrc
nf nh icpc bn tnfsk÷f c gjhjr.
7 Prnskjfn hc tnghc ULrnnznY pcrc gjfanhcr hc kicanf.
2 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UIncsurnY.
> Wnhnggkjfn Gjipcrcgk÷f bnh tcicój bn hc nhcstjarcc

nhcstjarcc nf
< ^sn URrcgedchhY

URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh icrgcbjr nh puftj bn pcrbc bn hc kicanf 4B y
prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
Wn oc nh puftj bn pcrbc, y cpcrngn nh puftj bn fchkzcgk÷f.
1 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
UWntY.
= Nh gchkdrcbjr gjpkcbj cpcrngn nf nh ãrnc bn kicanf bn hc Nhcstjarcc.

; ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh icrgcbjr bnh puftj bn kfkgkj gjpkcbj c hc pjskgk÷f
bnsncbc nf hc kicanf bn Nhcstjarc
Nhcstjarcc,
c, y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
Wn oc nh puftj bn pcrbc gjpkcbj y cpcrngn nh puftj bn fchkzcgk÷f gjpkcbj.
30 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh icrgcbjr bnh puftj bn kfkgkj gjpkcbj c hc pjskgk÷f
bnsncbc nf hc kicanf bn Nhcstjarc
Nhcstjarcc,
33 Wn oc nh vchjr inbkbj. Cidjs vchjrns y nh gjngknftn sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc

Tnsuhtcbj.

❟ Gjngknftn bn nslunrzj bn hc nhcstjarcc
FJRC
Nh Gjngknftn bn nslunrzj bn hc nhcstjarcc sjhj sn punbn mcgnr nf gjfanhcbj nf nh ijbj
Nhcstjarcc.
3 Wnhnggkjfn Nhcstjarcc
Nhcstjarcc nf
nf hc pcftchhc tãgh pcrc nftrcr nf nh ijbj Nhcstjarcc.
Nhcstjarcc.
Cpcrngn nh ijbj Buch nf vkvj.
4 Hhnvn c gcdj nh nsgcfnj. Hc gjiprnsk÷f/bnsgjip
gjiprnsk÷f/bnsgjiprnsk÷f
rnsk÷f icfuch cbngucbc sn iunstrc
nf nh icpc bn tnfsk÷f c gjhjr
gjhjr..
7 Prnskjfn hc tnghc ULrnnznY pcrc gjfanhcr hc kicanf.
2 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UIncsurnY.
> Wnhnggkjfn Gjngknftn bn nslunrzj bn hc nhcstjarcc

nhcstjarcc nf
< ^sn URrcgedchhY

URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh icrgcbjr ch puftj bn pcrbc bn hc kicanf bn hc
nhcstjarcc y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
1 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
UWntY.
Nh nslunrzj jdonvj sn iunstrc nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
= Nh gchkdrcbjr gjpkcbj cpcrngn nf nh ãrnc bn kicanf bn hc Nhcstjarcc.
; ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh icrgcbjr nh gchkdrcbjr gjpkcbj c hc pjskgk÷f bnsncbc
nf hc kicanf bn Nhcstjarc
Nhcstjarcc,
Nh nslunrzj bn rnlnrnfgkc sn iunstrc nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
30 Wn oc nh vchjr inbkbj. Nh gjngknftn bn nslunrzj sn iunstrc nf hc vnftcfc

Tnsuhtcbj.
❟ Ãrnc bn uoj bn vjhuinf
3 Wnhnggkjfn Ãrnc bn uoj bn vjhuinf nf

vjhuinf nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh icrgcbjr ch puftj bn pcrbc.

UWntY pcrc
pcrc ocr nh puftj. Cpcrngn nh puftj bn fchkzcgk÷f, qun sn
supnrpjfn gjf nh puftj bn pcrbc.
2 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
UWntY.
> Wn oc nh vchjr inbkbj, y sn iunstrc nh ãrnc bn uoj bn vjhuinf nf hc vnftcfc
Tnsuhtcbj.
4-24 Kfkgkj

Inbkgkjfns nf ijbj I
❟ Bkstcfgkc
Bkstcfgkc 3
Bkstcfgkc nf
Hc héfnc vnrgch y hc héfnc mjrkzjftch sjf pnrpnfbkguhcrns nftrn sé.
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh puftj bn kftnrsnggk÷f, y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh puftj, y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY funvcinftn.
2 Wn oc nh vchjr inbkbj, y sn iunstrc hc bkstcfgkc (B
7 Hjfaktubns
Bkstcfgkc y
y hunaj snhnggkjfn 7 Hjfaktubns nf
Hjfaktubns nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Cpcrngn nh puftj bn pcrbc.
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
7 Rrcgn hc prkinrc héfnc rngtc gjf URrcgedchhY

2 Rrcgn hc snaufbc héfnc rngtc gjf URrcgedchhY

> Rrcgn hc tnrgnrc héfnc rngtc gjf URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY,, y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY
UWntY pcrc
pcrc fchkzcr hc
inbkgk÷f.
< Wn oc nh vchjr bn inbkgk÷f, y hcs trns bkstcfgkcs (B3

(B3,, B4
B4,, B7
B7)) sn iunstrcf nf hc
vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
❟ Rknipj
3 Wnhnggkjfn Rknipj
Rknipj nf
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
2 Cpcrngn nh kftnrvchj bn nipj nftrn hjs bjs puftjs. Nh nipj (R

(R) sn iunstrc nf hc
vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.

❟ Pnfbknftn
3 Wnhnggkjfn Pnfbknftn
Pnfbknftn nf
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
2 Wn iunstrc hc héfnc jdhkguc, y sn gchguhc hc pnfbknftn. Hc bkstcfgkc (B

(B), nh nipj (R
(R) y
hc pnfbknftn (Pnfbknftn
Pnfbknftn)) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
❟ %Nstnfjsks
Gãhguhj bnh pjrgnftcon bn nstnfjsks bn hjs bjs bkãintrjs
%Nstnfjsks nf
4 Ikbc nh bkãintrj vnrgch icyjr (B3

(B3)) bn hc nstnfjsks
URrcgedchhY,, y prnskjfn hc
tnghc UWntY.
7 Ikbc nh bkãintrj vnrgch infjr (B4

( B4)) bn hc nstnfjsks URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY,, y prnskjfn hc tnghc
UWntY.
2 Hjs bkãintrjs (B3
B3,, B4
B4)) y nh pjrgnftcon bn bkãintrj bn hc nstnfjsks (%Nstnfj(Bkãi)
(%Nstnfj(Bkãi)))
Gjngknftn bn bkstcfgkc
3 Wnhnggkjfn Gjngknftn C/D y

C/D y hunaj snhnggkjfn Bkstcfgkc nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Cpcrngn nh puftj bn pcrbc.
4 Hc héfnc vnrgch y hc héfnc mjrkzjftch sjf pnrpnfbkguhcrns nftrn sé.
7 Ikbc nh prkinr bkãintrj vnrgch (B3

( B3)) bnh gjngknftn gjf URrcgedchhY
tnghc UWntY.
2 Ikbc nh snaufbj bkãintrj vnrgch (B4

( B4)) bnh gjngknftn gjf URrcgedchhY
tnghc UWntY.
> Wn gchguhc nh gjngknftn. Hcs bjs bkstcfgkcs (B3

(B3,, B4
B4)) y nh gjngknftn C/D (Gjngknftn
(Gjngknftn
bn bkstcfgkc)
bkstcfgkc) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
4-22 Kfkgkj

Gjngknftn bn nipj
C/D nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. Wnhnggkjfn Gjngknftn C/D y
C/D y hunaj
snhnggkjfn Rknipj
Rknipj nf
4 Ikbc nh prkinr bkãintrj mjrkzjftch (R3

(R3)) bnh gjngknftn gjf URrcgedchhY
tnghc UWntY.
7 Ikbc nh snaufbj bkãintrj mjrkzjftch (R4

URrcgedchhY,, y prnskjfn
hc tnghc UWntY.
2 Wn gchguhc nh gjngknftn. Hcs bjs bkstcfgkcs (R3

(R3,, R4
R4)) y nh gjngknftn C/D (Gjngknftn
(Gjngknftn
bn nipj)
nipj) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
❟ Lrngunfgkc gcrbécgc (LG)
3 Wnhnggkjfn LG
LG nf
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY pcrc ijvnr nh puftj, y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY funvcinftn.
2 Wn gchguhc hc lrngunfgkc gcrbécgc nftrn hjs bjs puftjs. Hc lrngunfgkc gcrbécgc (LG
LG)) y nh
nipj (R(R) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
Inbkgkjfns n kfljrins 4-2>

Inbkgkjfns n kfljrins 2>
Inbkgkjfns nf ijbj B
❟ \nhjgkbcb
3 Wnhnggkjfn \nhjgkbcb
\nhjgkbcb nf
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
7 Wn oc nh vchjr inbkbj. Hc vnhjgkbcb (\nh.

(\nh.)) y nh arcbknftn bn prnsk÷f (AP
(AP)) sn iunstrcf
nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
❟ Rknipj
3 Wnhnggkjfn Rknipj
Rknipj nf
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
2 Cpcrngn nh kftnrvchj bn nipj nftrn hjs bjs puftjs. Hc vnhjgkbcb (\nh.

(\nh.)) y nh nipj
(R) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
❟ Cgnhnrcgk÷f
3 Wnhnggkjfn Cgnhnrcgk÷f
Cgnhnrcgk÷f nf
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
2 Wn iunstrc hc héfnc jdhkguc, y sn gchguhc hc cgnhnrcgk÷f. Hc cgnhnrcgk÷f (Cgnh.

( Cgnh.),
), nh
nipj bn cgnhnrcgk÷f (R (RC), y hc vnhjgkbcb iãxkic (\icx.
( \icx.)) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc
Tnsuhtcbj.
4 2< Kfkgkj
❟ Éfbkgn bn rnskstnfgkc (KT)

3 Wnhnggkjfn KT
KT nf
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh puftj y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY funvcinftn.
2 Wn oc nh puftj bn fchkzcgk÷f, y sn gchguhc nh éfbkgn bn rnskstnfgkc. Hc vnhjgkbcb

skst÷hkgc iãxkic (WI
(WI),
), hc vnhjgkbcb skst÷hkgc fch (BL
( BL),
), y nh éfbkgn bn rnskstnfgkc (KT
(KT)) sn
❟ Éfbkgn puhsãh (KP)
3 Wnhnggkjfn KP
KP nf
4 Iunvc nh icrgcbjr mcstc nh puftj bn pcrbc bnh gkghj bn gurvc gjf URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY y
y
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc trczcr hc gurvc icfuchinftn, y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
2 Wn gchguhc nh éfbkgn puhsãh.
> Hc vnhjgkbcb skst÷hkgc iãxkic (WI ( WI),

), hc vnhjgkbcb skst÷hkgc fch (BL
( BL),
), hc vnhjgkbcb
bkcst÷hkgc iéfkic (BI
(BI), ), hc vnhjgkbcb bn nipj prjinbkj iãxkij (IãxPR (IãxPR),), nh éfbkgn
bn rnskstnfgkc (KT
KT),
), nh éfbkgn puhsãh (KP(KP),
), y nh gjngknftn séstjhn/bkãstjhn
séstjhn/bkãstjhn (Gjngknftn
(Gjngknftn
W/B)) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
W/B
❟ Kftnarch bn vnhjgkbcb-nipj (K\R)
3 Wnhnggkjfn K\R
K\R nf
4 Iunvc nh icrgcbjr mcstc nh puftj bn pcrbc bnh gkghj bn gurvc gjf URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY y
y

7 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc icrgcr uf gkghj bnh gkghj bn gurvc, y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
2 Wn gchguhc hc kftnarch vnhjgkbcb/nipj. Hcs vnhjgkbcbns iéfkic, iãxkic y inbkc

(\iéf
\iéf,, \iãx
\iãx,, \inb
\inb)) y hjs arcbknftns bn prnsk÷f iãxkic y inbkc (ArPiãx
( ArPiãx,,
ArPinbkc)) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
ArPinbkc
Inbkgkjfns n kfljrins 4 21
Gjngknftn bn vnhjgkbcb

C/D nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. [ snhnggkjfn
snhng gkjfn Gjngknftn C/D y
C/D y hunaj
snhnggkjfn \nhjgkbcb
\nhjgkbcb nf
4 Ikbc nh prkinr puftj (\3

\3)) bnh gjngknftn gjf URrcgedchhY
7 Ikbc nh snaufbj puftj (\4

\4)) bnh gjngknftn gjf URrcgedchhY
2 Wn gchguhc nh gjngknftn. Hcs bjs vnhjgkbcbns (\3

(\3,, \4
\4)) y nh gjngknftn C/D
(Gjngknftn bn vnhjgkbcb)
vnhjgkbcb) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
Gjngknftn bn nipj

C/D nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. Wnhnggkjfn Gjngknftn C/D y
C/D y hunaj
snhnggkjfn Rknipj
Rknipj nf
4 Ikbc nh prkinr kftnrvchj bn nipj (R3

tnghc UWntY.
7 Ikbc nh snaufbj kftnrvchj bn nipj (R4

hc tnghc UWntY.
2 Wn gchguhc nh gjngknftn. Hjs bjs vchjrns bn nipj (R3

(R3,, R4
R4)) y nh gjngknftn C/D
(Gjngknftn bn nipj)
nipj) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
❟ GC/GG
3 Wnhnggkjfn GC/GG
GC/GG nf
4 Ikbc hc prkinrc héfnc jdhkguc (Cgnh.

Cgnh.)) bn hc pnfbknftn gjf URrcgedchhY
tnghc UWntY.
7 Ikbc hc snaufbc héfnc jdhkguc ( Bnscgnh.

Bnscgnh.)) bn hc pnfbknftn gjf URrcgedchhY
hc tnghc UWntY.
2 Wn gchguhc nh gjngknftn. Nh éfbkgn bn cgnhnrcgk÷f (Cgnh.
(Cgnh.),
), nh nipj bn cgnhnrcgk÷f
(RC), nh éfbkgn bn bnscgnhnrcgk÷f (Bnscgnh.
(Bnscgnh.),
), y nh nipj bn bnscgnhnrcgk÷f (RB
(RB)) sn
4 2= Kfkgkj
❟ Lrngunfgkc gcrbécgc (LG)

3 Wnhnggkjfn LG
LG nf
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
2 Wn gchguhc hc lrngunfgkc gcrbécgc nftrn hjs bjs puftjs. Hc lrngunfgkc gcrbécgc (LG
LG)) y nh
nipj (R(R) sn iunstrcf nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
❟ Gãhg. cutjiãgj
3 Nf ijbj PQ, snhnggkjfn Gãhg. cutjiãgj nf

4 Wnhnggkjfn Gjfanhcbj j Cgvj.
7 Wk snhnggkjfc Cgvj
Cgvj,, nh icrgcbjr y nh gkghj bn gurvc cpcrngnrãf bn ljric cutjiãgc.
2 Wk snhnggkjfc Gjfanhcbj
Gjfanhcbj,, prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY
UWntY pcrc
pcrc ijstrcr nh icrgcbjr y hc rutc bnh
gkghj bn gurvc.
> Nh vchjr gchguhcbj sn iunstrc nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.
❟ Rrczcbj cutjiãgj
3 Nf nh ijbj PQ,
PQ, snhnggkjfn nh nhninftj bn inbkgk÷f bnsncbj y hunaj snhnggkjfn
snhn ggkjfn
Cutj Rrczcbj nf
Rrczcbj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. Nh nspngtrj Bjpphnr sn trczc cutjiãgcinftn
cutjiãgcinftn y
hjs rnsuhtcbjs sn iunstrcf.
4 Wk lunrc fngnscrkj, coustn nh gkghj bn gãhguhj gjf URrcgedchhY

URrcgedchhY y
y hc tnghc UIncsurnY bnh
pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
c. ^fc héfnc vnrbn cpcrngn c hc bnrngmc bnh nspngtrj.
d. ^hkzcfbj URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY,, iunvc hc héfnc y rncoustn nh gkghj fch.
g. Puhsn hc tnghc UIncsurnY bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh. Hc héfnc gcidkc c cicrkhhj.
b. ^fc héfnc vnrbn cpcrngn c hc kzquknrbc bnh nspngtrj.

n. ^hkzcfbj URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY,, iunvc hc héfnc y rncoustn nh gkghj kfkgkch.
l. Puhsn hc tnghc UWntY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh. Hc héfnc gcidkc c cicrkhhj.
7 Nh vchjr gchguhcbj sn iunstrc nf hc vnftcfc Tnsuhtcbj.

Inbkgkjfns n kfljrins 4-2;
❟ Rrczcbj snikcutjiãgj
3 Nf nh ijbj PQ, snhnggkjfn nh nhninftj bn inbkgk÷f bnsncbj y hunaj snhnggkjfn
Wnik Cutj Rrczcbj nf
Rrczcbj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. Cpcrngn nh puftj bn pcrbc.
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh icrgcbjr ch puftj bn pcrbc bnh gkghj
gkgh j bn gurvc y
prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY
UWntY.. Cpcrngn nh puftj bn fchkzcgk÷f.
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc icrgcr uf gkghj bnh gkghj bn gurvc, y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
❟ Rrczcbj icfuch
3 Nf nh ijbj PQ, snhnggkjfn nh nhninftj bn inbkgk÷f bnsncbj y hunaj snhnggkjfn
Rrczcbj nf
Rrczcbj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. Cpcrngn nh puftj bn pcrbc.
4 ^sn URrcgedchhY
URrcgedchhY pcrc
pcrc ijvnr nh icrgcbjr ch puftj bn pcrbc bnh gkghj
gkgh j bn gurvc y
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY pcrc icrgcr uf gkghj bnh gkghj bn gurvc, y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
Kfljrin
\ksuchkzcgk÷f
\ksuchkzcgk÷f bn uf kfljrin
3 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UTnpjrtY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh. Rcidkëf punbn snhnggkjfcr Kfljrin nf
nh infÿ gjftnxtuch.
Punbn vnr uf kfljrin bn hc inbkgk÷f nquntcbc.
4 Pcrc vksuchkzcr uf kfljrin bn inbkgk÷f dãskgc, snhnggkjfn Inbkgkjfns dãskgcs nf hc

pcftchhc tãgh.
7 Pcrc vksuchkzcr
vksuchkzcr uf kfljrin gjf ufc cphkgcgk÷f j gjf uf ijbj bn inbkgk÷f, snhnggkjfn
ufc cphkgcgk÷f j uf ijbj bn hc hkstc j nh gcipj gjrrnspjfbknftn nf hc pcrtn supnrkjr
kzquknrbc bn hc pcftchhc.
FJRC
Pcrc vksuchkzcr uf kfljrin nf uf ijbj nf gjfgrntj, snhnggkjfn uf ijbj (4B ( 4B,, I
I,,
j Bjpphnr
Bjpphnr)) nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. Pcrc vksuchkzcr uf kfljrin pcrc iãs bn uf ijbj,
snhnggkjfn Rjbj
Rjbj nf
2 Gucfbj uf kfljrin cpcrngn nf hc pcftchhc, vksuchkgn hc kfljricgk÷f bnh kfljrin.
> Pcrc vksuchkzcr hc pcftchhc skauknftn bnh kfljrin, rjtn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Wnhnggkjfcr
pãakfc.
< Pcrc schkr bnh kfljrin, prnskjfn hc tnghc UNxktY nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh. Rcidkëf punbn
snhnggkjfcr Wchkr
Wchkr nf
4->0 Kfkgkj
Nbkgk÷f bn uf kfljrin
Pcrc gcidkcr hjs bctjs bnh kfljrin,
3 Iunvc nh gursjr mcgkc nh gcipj qun quknrn ijbkgcr.

ijbkgcr.
4 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY. Wn rnschtc nh gcipj.
7 Kfarnsn bctjs funvjs. Punbn kfarnscr bctjs nf nh gcipj vcgéj.

Hjs bctjs kfarnscbjs sn pjfnf bn gjhjr vnrbn y hjs bctjs gcidkcbjs iunstrcf uf
cstnrksgj.
Pcrc djrrcr rnsuhtcbjs bn inbkgkjfns,
3 Iunvc nh gursjr mcgkc nh gcipj qun quknrn djrrcr.

djrrcr. Wn rnschtc nh gcipj.
4 Wnhnggkjfn Djrrcr vchjr pcrc djrrcr hjs bctjs.
7 Prnskjfn hc tnghc Djrrcr tjbjs pcrc

tjbjs pcrc djrrcr hjs vchjrns bn kfljrins bn hc mjoc bn bctjs
cgvc.
2 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UGhncrY pcrc djrrcr tjbjs hjs vchjrns bn kfljrins bnh nstubkj.
Pcrc nxghukr j kfghukr rnsuhtcbjs bn inbkgkjfns,
3 Iunvc nh gursjr mcgkc nh gcipj qun quknrn nxghukr.

nxghukr. Wn rnschtc nh gcipj.
4 Wnhnggkjfn Nxghukr vchjr pcrc nxghukr hjs bctjs. Hjs bctjs nxghukbjs sn iunstrcf nf
dhcfgj.
7 Wnhnggkjfn Nxghukr vchjr jtrc

vchjr jtrc vnz pcrc kfghukr hjs bctjs qun nxghuy÷ prnvkcinftn.
Pcrc gcidkcr nh pj bn vchjr,
3 Iunvc nh gursjr c hc gjhuifc Iëtjbj.
4 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
7 Wnhnggkjfn uf pj bn vchjr bn hc inbkgk÷f bn hc hkstc bnsphnacdhn (ÿhij, prjinbkj,

prjinbkj,
iãxkij y iéfkij).
Carnacr uf gjinftcrkj
3 Wnhnggkjfn Gjinftcrkj
Gjinftcrkj nf
Punbn vnr hjs gjinftcrkjs nf hc pcftchhc Gjinftcrkjs bnh nxcinf y nf hc pcftchhc
Gjinftcrkjs.
4 Nf hc pcftchhc Gjinftcrkjs, usn nh tnghcbj SQNTR[ pcrc nsgrkdkr nh tnxtj.
7 Pcrc schkr bn hjs gjinftcrkjs, mcac ghkg nf Cgnptcr j snhnggkjfn Gjinftcrkj nf hc

pcftchhc tãgh.
FJRC
Nf hc pcftchhc Tnakstrj bnh pcgknftn , punbn nbktcr tnxtj nf nh gcipj Gjinftcrkjs bnh
nxcinf.
Inbkgkjfns n kfljrins 4->3
\kstc prnvkc bn uf kfljrin

Pcrc tnfnr ufc vkstc prnvkc bnh kfljrin,
‗ Wnhnggkjfn \kstc prnvkc nf
prnvkc nf hc pcftchhc tãgh, j snhnggkjfn
snhng gkjfn \kstc prnvkc nf nh infÿ
gjftnxtuch.
Punbn tnfnr ufc vkstc prnvkc bnh kfljrin qun vc c kiprkikr.
Pcrc cócbkr ufc kicanf ch kfljrin,
3 Iunvc nh gursjr c hc kicanf bnsncbc bnh pjrtcpcpnhns y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
4 Iunvc nh gursjr ch huacr bjfbn bnsnc kfsnrtcr hc kicanf y prnskjfn hc tnghc UWntY.
7 Pcrc nhkikfcr ufc kicanf bnh kfljrin, snhnggkjfn Nhkikfcr kicanf nf

kicanf nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Pcrc cócbkr pãakfcs bn kiãanfns ch kfljrin,

‗ Wnhnggkjfn Cócbkr pãakfc bn kiãanfns nf
kiãanfns nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
Pcrc djrrcr pãakfcs bn kiãanfns bnh kfljrin,

‗ Wnhnggkjfn Nhkikfcr pãakfc bn kiãanfns nf
kiãanfns nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
FJRC
Fj punbn cócbkr iãs bn 30 pãakfcs bn kiãanfns ch kfljrin.
Pcrc nxpjrtcr nh kfljrin nf PBL,
3 Wnhnggkjfn Nxpjrtcr PBL nf

PBL nf hc pcftchhc tãgh. Cpcrngn nh gucbrj bn bkãhjaj.
4 Wnhnggkjfn uf inbkj bnh gcipj Bkspjsktvj.
7 Kftrjbuzgcc uf fjidrn pcrc nh

Kftrjbuzg n h prncoustn nf nh gcipj Fjidrn bn prncoustn.
2 Mcac ghkg nf Aucrbcr

Aucrbcr.. Cpcrngn hc dcrrc bn prjarnsj iknftrcs sn nxpjrtcf hjs crgmkvjs.
Kiprnsk÷f bn uf kfljrin
Pcrc kiprkikr uf kfljrin gjf ufc kiprnsjrc nstãfbcr,
‗ Wnhnggkjfn Kiprkikr
Kiprkikr nf
Pcrc gcpturcr hc pcftchhc bn kfljrin,

‗ tnghc UPrkftY
Prnskjfn hc tnghc UPrkftY,, UP3Y
UP3Y,, j UP4Y nf nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh.
4->4 Kfkgkj
7
Bnspuës bn tnrikfcr
tnrikfcr
nh nxcinf
Prngjfl sksti ...........................................................................................7-4
Gukbcbj y icftnfkiknftj bnh skstnic ....................................................7-1
Gukbcbj y icftnfkiknftj bnh trcfsbugtjr .............................................7-;

Prngjfl sksti
Nf gcbc infÿ bn prncoustn, punbn gjfaurcr bklnrnftns vchjrns jrkakfchns pcrc sus sudinfÿs.
Pcftchhc bn prncoustn bnh skstnic
Lkaurc 7-3 Pcftchhc bn prncoustn bnh skstnic
Lhuoj bn trcdcoj anfnrch

Pcrc kfarnscr ch infÿ Prncoustn bnh skstnic,
3 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UWystni PrnsntY bnh tnghcbj SQNTR[.
4 fcvnacr pjr hc pãakfc cgtuch, prnskjfn hc tnghc bn lufgk÷f Fcvnacr.

Pcrc fcvnacr
7 Pcrc schkr bnh infÿ, mcac ghkg nf Aucrbcr y schkr j Wchkr. Rcidkëf punbn puhscr hcs tnghcs
UWystni PrnsntY j U4BY.
Pcrc gcidkcr hjs coustns bn Wystni Prnsnt,
3 Prnskjfn hc tnghc UWystni PrnsntY bnh tnghcbj SQNTR[. Cpcrngn hc pcftchhc Anfnrch .
4 Wnhnggkjfn nh infÿ qun bnsnc bnsbn nh hcbj kzquknrbj bn hc pcftchhc.
7 ^sn URrcgedchhY pcrc snhnggkjfcr hc pnstcóc bnh infÿ qun bnsnc.
2 Gcidkn hc gjfaurcgk÷f pcrc nh infÿ snhnggkjfcbj.
> Gucfbj mcyc tnrikfcbj, mcac ghkg nf Aucrbcr y schkr pcrc aucrbcr hjs gcidkjs y vjhvnr ch
ijbj bn nsgcfnj.
7-4 Bnspuës bn tnrikfcr nh nxcinf
Infÿs bn prncoustn bnh skstnic

Pcrc cggnbnr c hjs infÿs bn prncoustn
prncoustn,, snhnggkjfn nh infÿ bnsncbj nf hc pcftchhc tãgh.
FJRC
Bnspuës bn gcidkcr chaufjs infÿs prnbnf
prnbnfkbjs,
kbjs, ns pjskdhn qun bndc rnkfkgkcr nh skstnic.
Lkaurc 7-4 Pcftchhc tãgh bn prncoustn bnh skstnic
Infÿ bn prnbnlf. Bnsgrkpgk÷f
Pnrsjfchkzc hcs gjfaurcgkjfns bnh skstnic gjij coustns anfnrchns, pcfnh

Cbikfkstrcbjr
bn gjftrjh, pnrklërkgc, kfljricgk÷f bnh pcgknftn y gchkdrcgk÷f bnh ijfktjr.
Cfjtcgk÷f Pnrsjfchkzc hjs gjinftcrkjs y hjs coustns bn hcs aurcs.
Pnrsjfchkzc hc inbkgk÷f nquntcbc pcrc gcbc nstubkj y grnc ufc funvc

Inbkbc
inbkgk÷f y tcdhc JD.
Kfljrin Pnrsjfchkzc nh kfljrin y hjs coustns pcrc su kiprnsk÷f.
Gjfla. usucrkjs Pnrsjfchkzc hc gjfaurcgk÷f bnfkbc pjr nh usucrkj.
Gjfngvkbcb Pnrsjfchkzc
Pnrsjfchkzc nh snrvkgkj y bkspjskvj BKGJI.
Grnc uf KB bn usucrkj, cgvc nh dusgcbjr bn snrvkgkjs y vn hc kfljricgk÷f

Cbikfkstrcgk÷f
sjdrn jpgkjfns.
Gjpkc bn snaurkbcb/ Tnchkzc hc gjpkc bn snaurkbcb y rnstcur

rnstcurc
c hjs bctjs, y rnchkzc ufc gjpkc bn
rnstcurcr snaurkbcb gjiphntc pcrc hjs bctjs bn hc kicanf.
Pnrsjfchkzc hc gjfaurcgk÷f pcrc hcs lufgkjfns Ngjarcc bn nstrës y Gudn

Gcrbécgc cvcfzcbc strckfℤ.
Prngjfl sksti 7-7
Gjfngvkbcb
Tnb
❟ Ãrnc hjgch
Nspngkqun hc gjfaurcgk÷f bn hc skauknftn bkrnggk÷f KP?
•
BMGP? Wnhnggkjfn hc jpgk÷f BMGP pcrc ufc bkrnggk÷f KP bkfãikgc.
• ^scr bkrnggk÷f KP skauknftn? Wnhnggkjfn nstc jpgk÷f pcrc ufc bkrnggk÷f KP nstãgc.
‗ Bkrnggk÷f KP? Kfarnsn ufc bkrnggk÷f KP.
‗ Iãsgcrc bn sudrnb? Kfarnsn hc iãsgcrc bn sudrnb.
‗ Actnwcy pjr bnlngtj? Kfarnsn hc bkrnggk÷f actnwcy prnbntnrikfcbc.
‗ Wnrvkbjr BFW prnlnrkbj? Kfarnsn nh snrvkbjr BFW prnlnrkbj.
‗ Wnrvkbjr BFW chtnrfcvj? Kfarnsn nh snrvkbjr BFW chtnrfcvj.
‗ \nhjgkbcb bn trcfslnr

trcfslnrnfgkc
nfgkc? Wnhnggkjfn hc vnhjgkbcb bn hc rnb.
❟ Tnb kfchãidrkgc
Pcrc gjfngtcrsn c hc rnb kfchãidrkgc,
3 Nspngkqun hc gjfaurcgk÷f bn hc skauknftn bkrnggk÷f KP.
4 Wnhnggkjfn nh WWKB bnsncbj bn hc hkstc Dÿsqunbc bn rnb kfchãidrkgc.
7 Mcac ghkg nf Gjfngtcr.
2 Kfarnsn ufc gjftrcsnóc y mcac ghkg nf Cgnptcr.
Pjbrã vnr nh nstcbj bn hc gjfnxk÷f bn hc rnb kfchãidrkgc icrgcfbj nh kgjfj nf hc dcrrc bn

nstcbj.
Égjfj Bnsgrkpgk÷f
Bnsgjfngtcbj
Bnsgjfngtcbj bnh i÷buhj ^WD kfchãidrkgj.
Gjfngtcbj ch i÷buhj kfchãidrkgj ^WD, pnrj bnsgjfngtcbj bn hc rnb

kfchãidrkgc.
Wn mc gjfngtcbj gjrrngtcinftn c hc rnb kfchãidrkgc.

Gjpkc bn snaurkbcb/rnst
snaurkbcb/rnstcurcr
curcr
Punbn snhnggkjfcr uf inbkj bn chicgnfciknftj (GB, B\B, ufkbcb ^WD, bksgj burj ^WD y
chicgnfciknftj
chicgnfciknft j bn rnb) pcrc rnchkzcr ufc gjpkc bn snaurkbcb.
FJRC
Pcrc aucrbcr hcs kiãanfns bn icfnrc pnricfnftn, nvktn uscr nh bksgj burj hjgch.
Tnauhcrinftn rnchkgn ufc gjpkc bn snaurkbcb bnh crgmkvj bn kicanf nf uf inbkj
chicgnfcdhn.
PTNGC^GK×F
Wkac nh prjgnbkiknftj pcrc rnchkzcr ufc gjpkc bn snaurkbcb qun sn suaknrn nf nh icfuch.
CHPKFKJF INBKGCH W[WRNIW fj nfn rnspjfscdkhkbcb pjr hc përbkbc bn bctjs prjvjgcbc
prjvjgcbc pjr
hc lchtc bn gukbcbj bnh usucrkj.
Gjpkc sna usuc

Nstn infÿ hn pnriktn mcgnr ufc gjpkc bn snaurkbcb bn tjbjs hjs bctjs prnbnfkbjs pjr nh
usucrkj. Pcrc snhnggkjfcr tjbjs hjs vchjrns prnbnfkbjs bnfkbjs pjr hjs usucrkjs, snhnggkjfn
hc gcskhhc bn vnrkgcgk÷f Gjflaurcgk÷f bnlfkbc pjr nh usucrkj.
usucrkj.
Pcrc mcgnr ufc gjpkc bn snaurkbcb bn hjs bctjs bn prncoustn bnh usucrkj,
3 Kftrjbuzgc uf inbkj vcgéj gjrrngtcinftn nf su skstnic.
4 Wnhnggkjfn uf inbkj bn hc hkstc bnsphnacdhn Inbkj

Inbkj..
7 Wk snhnggkjfc ^WD bn hc hkstc bnsphnacdhn Bkspjsktvj, kfarnsn hc kfljricgk÷f nf nh gcipj

Bnsgrkpgk÷f..
Bnsgrkpgk÷f
2 Wnhnggkjfn nh prncoustn bnh usucrkj bnh qun bnsnn mcgnr ufc gjpkc bn snaurkbcb.
> Mcac ghkg nf Gjpkc bn snaurkbcb pcrc kfkgkcr hc gjpkc bn snaurkbcb. Gjiknfzc nh

prjgnbkiknftj bn rnspchbj.
< Bnspuës bn qun sn mcyc gjiphntcbj hc gjpkc bn snaurkbcb, hc lngmc y hc mjrc bn hc ÿhic
gjpkc bn snaurkbcb cpcrngnf ouftj c hc gctnajréc bn prncoustn.
prncoustn.
Pcrc rnstcurcr hjs bctjs bn prncoustn bnh usucrkj,
FJRC
Csnaÿrnsn bn qun hc vnrsk÷f bnh sjwcrn bn hjs bctjs snc hc iksic qun hc vnrsk÷f bnh
sjwcrn bnh skstnic. Wk FJ ns csé, ns pjskdhn qun fj punbc rnchkzcr hc rnstcurcgk÷f.
3 Kftrjbuzgc uf inbkj nf su skstnic.
4 Wnhnggkjfn hjs prncoustns bnh usucrkj qun bnsnn rnstcurcr.

Wk nh inbkj ns ufc ufkbcb csm ^WD, snhnggkjfn nh/hjs prncoustn/s
prncoustn/s qun quknrc rnstcurcr bn
hc hkstc bn gjpkc bn snaurkbcb.
7 Mcac ghkg nf Tnstcdhngnr pcrc kfkgkcr hc gjpkc bn snaurkbcb. Gjiknfzc nh prjgnbkiknftj

bn rnstcurcgk÷f.
Prngjfl sksti 7->
Gjpkc sna kica

Nstn infÿ hn pnriktn mcgnr ufc gjpkc bn snaurkbcb bn hc kicanf gjf uf inbkj bn
chicgnfciknftj. Wnhnggkjfn uf chicgnfciknftj bn inijrkc tch gjij GB, B\B, ufkbcb ^WD,
bksgj burj ^WD y chicgnfciknft
chicgnfciknftjj bn rnb.
PTNGC^GK×F
•
Iknftrcs rnstcurc hjs bctjs bn Crgmkvj bn kicanf, ns pjskdhn qun chaufcs dcsns
bn bctjs sn sjdrnsgrkdcf nf nh bksgj burj hjgch y qun fj punbc rnstcurcr hjs bctjs
cftnrkjrns.. Csnaÿrnsn bn uscr nh inbkj cprjpkcbj cftns bn gjffucr gjf hc
cftnrkjrns
rnstcurcgk÷f.
• Cftns bn rnstcurcr nh Crgmkvj bn kicanf, csnaÿrnsn bn qun hc vnrsk÷f bnh sjwcrn snc
hc iksic j gjipcdhn gjf nh skstnic cgtuch. Ns pjskdhn qun nh skstnic fj gjffÿn

gjf hc rnstcurcgk÷f sk hc vnrsk÷f ns bklnrnftn.
• Fj cpcaun nh skstnic iknftrcs hc gjpkc bn snaurkbcb nstã nf prjarnsj. Ns pjskdhn qun
pknrbc hjs bctjs bn su kicanf.
FJRC
^sn Kipjrtcr nf N-vknw pcrc rnstcurcr hjs bctjs bn hc kicanf.
k icanf.
Pcrc mcgnr ufc gjpkc bn snaurkbcb bnh Crgmkvj bn kicanf,

3 Gjfaurn Crgmkvj bn kicanf.
4 Prnpcrn ufj j iãs GB skf ljrictncr.
7 Mcac ghkg nf Gjpkc bn snaurkbcb pcrc kfkgkcr nh crgmkvj bn kicanf bn hc gjpkc bn

snaurkbcb.
Wn kfkgkc nh ljrictn
ljrictnj
j bnh inbkj y cpcrngn nh infscon kfstrugvj.
Punbn vnr n kipjrtcr nh inbkj bn rnspchbj c trcvës bnh infÿ N-\knw.
Pcrc vnr hcs kiãanfns gjf gjpkcs bn snaurkbcb,
3 Kfsnrtn su inbkj.
4 \cyc c N-\knw.
7 Gcidkn nh jrkanf ch inbkj bnsbn nh bksgj burj hjgch.
2 \nc hcs kiãanfns gjf gjpkcs bn snaurkbcb bnh nstubkj qun bnsnc.
7-< Bnspuës bn tnrikfcr nh nxcinf
Gukbcbj y icftn
icftnfkiknftj
fkiknftj bnh skstnic
Ns hc rnspjfscdkhkbcb bnh usucrkj vnrkgcr qun nh skstnic bn uhtrcsjfkbj snc snaurj pcrc hc
jpnrcgk÷f bnh bkcaf÷sgj c bkcrkj. Rjbjs hjs bécs, cftns bn uscr nh skstnic, rnchkgn gcbc ufj bn
hjs pcsjs bn hc hkstc bn gjftrjh bkcrkj.
PTNGC^GK×F
• Nh skstnic fj gjfnfn fkfaÿf gjipjfnftn kftnrfj qun nh jpnrcbjr punbc prnstcr
icftnfkiknftj. Csnaÿrnsn bn qun nh pnrsjfch fj cutjrkzcbj fj icfkpuhn hc ufkbcb.
icftnfkiknftj.
• Gucfbj jgurrcf bnlngtjs j lufgkjfciknftjs cf÷ichjs, fj jpnrn nh skstnic mcstc qun
sn mcycf sjhugkjfcbj hjs prjdhnics. Gjftcgtn c su rnprnsnftcftn bn icftnfkiknftj

hjgch.
Icftnfkiknftj
Icftnfkiknftj bkcrkj
Tnchkgn hj skauknftn tjbjs hjs bécs cftns bn uscr nh skstnic bn uhtrcsjfkbj?
• Kfspnggkjfn vksuchinftn tjbjs hjs trcfsbugtjrns. Fj usn uf trcfsbugtjr qun tnfac ufc
gudknrtc rcocbc, pnrljrcbc
pnrljrcbc j bnsgjhjrkbc j uf gcdhn pnhcbj.
• Kfspnggkjfn vksuchinftn tjbjs hjs gcdhns bn chkinftcgk÷f. Fj nfgknfbc nh nqukpj sk uf

gcdhn nstã pnhcbj j pcrbj, j iunstrcs skafjs bn bnsacstn. Wk nh gcdhn bn chkinftcgk÷f
bn su skstnic nstã pnhcbj j pcrbj, j iunstrcs skafjs bn bnsacstn, gjftcgtn c su
rnprnsnftcftn bn icftnfkiknftj CHPKFKJF pcrc nh rnniphczj bnh gcdhn bn chkinftcgk÷f.
• Kfspnggkjfn vksuchinftn qun trcgedchh y hjs bniãs gjftrjhns bnh pcfnh bn gjftrjh pcrc
csnaurcrsn bn qun nstëf hkipkjs y hkdrns bn anh y jtrjs gjftcikfcftns.
• Kfspnggkjfn vksuchinftn nh gjfngtjr y hjs gcdhns bnh NGA. Fj usn nh gjfngtjr y hjs gcdhns
bnh NGA sk nstãf bcócbjs.
C\KWJ
Pcrc nvktcr ufc bnsgcrac nhëgtrkgc, bndn kfspnggkjfcr vksuchinftn nh trcfsbugtjr cftns bn
uscrhj. Fj usn uf trcfsbugtjr qun tnfac ufc gudknrtc rcocbc, pnrljrcbc j bnsgjhjrkbc j uf
gcdhn pnhcbj.
Icftnfkiknftj snicfch
Nh skstnic rnquknrn gukbcbj y icftnfkiknf
icftnfkiknftj
tj snicfch pcrc qun lufgkjfn bn icfnrc snaurc y
cprjpkcbc. Hkipkn hj skauknftn?
• Ijfktjr
• Pcfnh bn gjftrjh
• Pnbch
Wk fj rnchkzc nh icftnfkiknf
icftnfkiknftj
tj rnqunrkbj punbn fngnsktcr mcgnr hhcicbcs kffngnscrkcs ch
snrvkgkj bn icftnfkikn
icftnfkiknftj.
ftj.
Gukbcbj y icftnfkiknftj bnh skstnic 7-1
Icftnfkiknftj infsuch
C\KWJ
Gucfbj hc hãipcrc HNB fngnsktn snr rnniphczcbc, gjftãgtnsn gjf nh rnprnsnftcftn bn
icftnfkiknftj bn CHPKFKJF.
PTNGC^GK×F
Pcrc nvktcr nh rknsaj bn ufc bnsgcrac nhëgtrkgc, fj quktn hjs pcfnhns j hcs gudknrtcs bn hc
gjfsjhc. Nstn snrvkgkj bndn snr rnchkzcbj pjr pnrsjfch bn icftnfkiknftj gchkgcbj. Bn fj
mcgnrhj, pjbréc gcuscr ufc snrkc hnsk÷f.
FJRC
Pcrc icftnfnr hc snaurkbcb y hc lufgkjfchkbcb bnh skstnic bn uhtrcsjfkbj
uhtrcsjfkbj,, nh icftnfkiknft
icftnfkiknftjj
bndn rnchkzcrsn gcbc 34 insns. Rcidkëf bndnf rnchkzcrsn prundcs bn snaurkbcb nhëgtrkgc c
kftnrvchjss rnauhcrns snaÿf hj nspngkgcf hcs rnauhcgkjfns bn snaurkbcb hjgchns. Gjfsuhtn nh
kftnrvchj
icfuch bn snrvkgkj pcrc hc prundc bn luacs nhëgtrkgcs.
Pcrc kfspnggkjfcr nh skstnic, nxcikfn hj skauknftn ufc vnz ch ins.
• Hjs gjfngtjrns nf hjs gcdhns nf dusgc bn guchquknr bnlngtj ingãfkgj
• Rjbc hc hjfaktub bn hjs gcdhns bn chkinftcgk÷f y nhëgtrkgjs nf dusgc bn gjrtns j cdrcskjfns
• Nh pcfnh bn gjftrjh y nh tnghcbj nf dusgc bn bnlngt

bnlngtjs
js
• Hcs runbcs pcrc vnr qun nh lufgkjfciknftj bnh dhjqunj snc cbngucbj
7-= Bnspuës bn tnrikfcr nh nxcinf
Gukbcbj y icftnfkiknf
icftnfkiknftj
tj bnh trcfsbugt
trcfsbugtjr
jr
C\KWJ • Wkniprn gjhjqun ufc lufbc bn trcfsbugtjr nstërkh y fj pkrjaëfkgc nf uf
trcfsbugtjr uscbj nf prjgnbkiknftjs qun rnquknrcf nstnrkhkbcb.
• Pcrc ikfkikzcr nh rknsaj bn gjftcikfcgk÷f gruzcbc y nflnrinbcbns
kflnggkjscs, hjs trcfsbugtjrns kftrcjpnrctjrkjs sn bndnf hkipkcr y bnskflngtcr
c arcf fkvnh bnspuës bn gcbc usj. Wn bndn gjhjgcr ufc lufbc bn trcfsbugtjr
nstërkh y fj pkrjaëfkgc nf su huacr nf hjs prjgnbkiknftjs qun rnquknrcf

nstnrkhkbcb.
• Wn mcf rngkdkbj kfljrins bn rncggkjfns chërakgcs snvnrcs c bkspjskvjs
iëbkgjs qun gjfnfnf
gjfnfnf hãtnx (ajic fcturch). Wn hns cgjfsnoc c hjs
prjlnskjfchns
prjlnskjfchns bnh gukbcbj bn hc schub qun kbnfqunf c hjs pcgknftns
snfskdhns ch hãtnx y qun nstëf prnpcrcbjs pcrc trctcr rncggkjfns chërakgcs
kfinbkctcinftn.
• Burcftn hjs prjgnbkiknftjs fnurjqukrÿrakgjs, sk uf trcfsbugtjr sn gjftcikfc
gjf tnokbj j ukbjs bn uf pcgknftn qun sn scdn qun nfn hc nflnrinbcb
bn Grnutzlnhb-Ocgjd, nh trcfsbugtjr bndn snr bnstrukbj, yc qun fj sn punbn
nstnrkhkzcr.
• Gucfbj usc uf trcfsbugtjr nfbjgcvktcrkj j kftrcjpnrctjrkj gjf ufc pcrtn
cphkgcbc pj GL, hcs gjrrknftns bn luac bnh pcgknftn punbnf snr cbkvcs. Gcbc
vnz qun vcyc c uscrhj bndn rnchkzcr cftns ufc prundc bn gjrrknftn bn luac.
• Pcrc nvktcr ufc bnsgcrac nhëgtrkgc y bcócr nh skstnic, bnsgjfngtn nh
trcfsbugtjr
trcfsbugt jr cftns bn hkipkcrhj j bnskflngtcrhj.
• Hc hkstc bn bnskflngtcftns y iëtjbjs bn hkipknzc nstã rngjinfbcbc pjr
CHPKFKJF pcrc hc gjipcdkhkbcb gjf hjs ictnrkchns bnh prjbugtj, fj pjr hc
ngcgkc dkjh÷akgc. Gjfsuhtn hcs kfstruggkjfns bn hc nquntc bnh bnskflngtcftn
bnskflngtcftn
pcrc jdtnfnr ufc auéc sjdrn hc ngcgkc bn hc bnskflnggk÷f y hjs usjs ghéfkgjs
cprjpkcbjs.
PTNGC^GK×F • Hjs trcfsbugtjrns sjf kfstruinftjs snfskdhns? punbn jgurrkr uf bcój

krrnpcrcdhn sk sn gcnf, sn gmjgcf gjftrc jtrjs jdontjs, sn gjrtcf j sn pnrljrcf.
Fj kftnftn rnpcrcr pcrc chtnrcr guchquknr pcrtn bn uf trcfsbugtjr.
• Pcrc nvktcr bcójs nf nh gcdhn, fj mcac rjbcr nh skstnic sjdrn hjs gcdhns bnh
trcfsbugtjr.
• Pcrc nvktcr bcójs nf nh trcfsbugtjr, fj usn lufbcs bn trcfsbugtjr qun
gjftnfacf rnvnsiknftj c dcsn bn cgnktn fk canftns bn cgjphciknftj bn
uhtrcsjfkbj c dcsn bn pntr÷hnj j cgnktn ikfnrch. Wjhj usn uf canftn bn
cgjphciknftj
cgjphciknf tj bn uhtrcsjfkbj c dcsn bn cauc.
• FJ gjhjqun fk chicgnfn nh trcfsbugtjr nf nh djhskhhj hctnrch j nf nh ãrnc
bn chicgnfciknftj bnh skstnic pcrc nvktcr bcócrhj c gcusc bn ufc gcébc
cggkbnftch.
• Pcrc nvktcr bcójs nf nh trcfsbugtjr, jdsnrvn hjs fkvnhns bn kfinrsk÷f
kfbkgcbjs pcrc gcbc pj bn trcfsbugtjr. Fj suinroc fk pnriktn qun nh gcdhn j
nh gjfngtjr bn uf trcfsbugtjr sn muinbnzgc.
• Nh trcfsbugtjr lun bksnócbj y prjdcbj pcrc sjpjrtcr ufc bnskflnggk÷f bn
chtj fkvnh gjij hj rngjiknfbc nh lcdrkgcftn bnh prjbugtj bnskflngtcftn.
Wkac gukbcbjscinftn hcs kfstruggkjfns bnh lcdrkgcftn bnh bnskflngtcftn. Fj
suinroc burcftn iãs bn ufc mjrc.
Gukbcbj y icftnfkiknftj bnh trcfsbugtjr 7-;
icftnfkiknftj
Hkipknzc y bnskflnggk÷f bn hjs trcfsbugtjr

Hkipknzc trcfsbugtjrns
ns
C\KWJ
• Pcrc nvktcr ufc bnsgcrac nhëgtrkgc y bcócr nh skstnic, bnsgjfngtn nh trcfsbugtjr cftns
bn hkipkcrhj y bnskflngt
bnskflngtcrhj.
crhj.
• Wkniprn usn aucftns y aclcs prjtngtjrcs gucfbj hkipkn y bnskflngtn trcfsbugtjrns.
• Gjiprundn qun fj mcyc bcójs nf hc gcrgcsc, nh hkdnrcbjr bn tnfsk÷f, hc hnftn y nh snhhj
y qun fj mcyc prjdhnics bn lufgkjfciknftj

lufgkjfciknftj hunaj bn hc hkipknzc y hc bnskflnggk÷f bnh
trcfsbugtjr.
PTNGC^GK×F
• Fj uhkgn uf gnpkhhj qukrÿrakgj pcrc hkipkcr trcfsbugtjrns. Kfghusj nh usj bn gnpkhhjs
sucvns punbn bcócr nh trcfsbugtjr.
• Fj uhkgn prjbugtjs bn pcpnh j cdrcskvjs pcrc hkipkcr nh trcfsbugtjr. Bcócf hc hnftn
bnh trcfsbugtjr.
• Csnaÿrnsn bn uscr hc gjfgnftrcgk÷f cbngucbc bn hkipkcbjr nfzkiãgj y nfoucaun dknf.
• Cftns bn aucrbcr hjs trcfsbugtjrns, csnaÿrnsn bn qun nstëf gjiphntcinftn sngjs.
• Fj sn punbn uhkzcr chgjmjh ksjprjpéhkgj ch 10% (chgjmjh pcrc mnrkbcs) fk jtrjs
prjbugtjs qun gjftnfacf chgjmjh nf hjs trcfsbugtjr

trcfsbugtjrns.
ns. Nf hjs trcfsbugtjrns qun fj
sncf pcrc ngjgcrbkjarcics trcfsnsjlãakgjs,
trcfsnsjlãakgjs, hcs ÿfkgcs pcrtns qun sn punbnf hkipkcr
gjf chgjmjh ksjprjpéhkgj sjf hc gcrgcsc bnh gjfngtjr,
gjfngtjr, hc bnh trcfsbugtjr y hc hnftn.
• Fj hkipkn fkfaufc pcrtn bnh trcfsbugtjr gjf chgjmjh ksjprjpéhkgj (hj qun kfghuyn
gcdhns j hkdnrcbjrns bn tnfsk÷f), yc qun pjbréc bcócrhcs. Hc acrcfc bnh trcfsbugtjr
trcfsbugtjr
fj gudrn nstjs bcójs.
G÷ij hkipkcr nh trcfsbugtjr

t rcfsbugtjr
3 Bnsgjfngtn nh trcfsbugtjr bnh skstnic.
4 Muinbnzgc ufc acsc hkipkc gjf cauc purkgcbc y hkipkn nh trcfsbugtjr pcrc quktcr nh anh
Muinbnzgc
j guchquknr pcrguhc qun mcyc qunbcbj. Wk nh cauc purkgcbc fj ns nlngvc, nftjfgns
nftjfgns
punbn uscr uf prn-hkipkcbjr j bnskflngtcftn
bnskflngtcftn bn dcoj arcbj cutjrkzcbj.
7 Hkipkn gukbcbjscinftn tjbj nh trcfsbugtjr, kfghusj nh gcdhn y nh gjfngtjr.

Ch hkipkcr nh gjfngtjr
gjfngtjr,, nvktn qun nftrnf ukbjs pjr nh hkdnrcbjr bn tnfsk÷f, hjs gjftcgtjs
nhëgtrkgjs j hcs zjfcs qun rjbncf nh icfaj bn hc pchcfgc bn dhjqunj y nh hkdnrcbjr bn
tnfsk÷f.
2 Pcrc nhkikfcr hcs pcrguhcs y rnskbujs qun qunbnf, uhkgn tjchhktcs hkipkcbjrcs snaÿf hcs
kfstruggkjfns bnh lcdrkgcftn
lcdrkgcftn j nfoucaun dknf gjf cauc mcstc nh puftj bn kfinrsk÷f.
Fj suinroc nh gjfngtjr, nh hkdnrcbjr bn tnfsk÷f j nh gcdhn qun nstã c > gi bnh hkdnrcbjr
bn tnfsk÷f bnh gjfngtjr.
> Bnspuës bn hkipkcr nh trcfsbugtjr,

trcfsbugtjr, usn uf pcój hkipkj pcrc sngcrhj.
Pcrc sngcr hc hnftn, usn uf pcój sucvn y, nf huacr lrjtcr, prnsk÷fnhj hkanrcinftn gjftrc hc
supnrgkn rnpnbcs vngns.
< Gjiprundn qun fj mcyc bcójs nf hc gcrgcsc, nh hkdnrcbjr bn tnfsk÷f, hc hnftn y nh snhhj y
qun
Wk nh fj mcyc prjdhnics
trcfsbugtjr bn lufgkjfciknftj.
nstã bcócbj, fj hj uhkgn y p÷facsn nf gjftcgtj gjf uf tëgfkgj bn
icftnfkiknftj
icftnfkikn ftj bn CHPKFKJF INBKGCH j gjf uf canftn cutjrkzcbj.
Bnskflnggk÷f bnh trcfsbugtjr
C\KWJ
• Wk sn uhkzc ufc sjhugk÷f prninzghcbc, csnaÿrnsn
csnaÿrnsn bn vnrkgcr su lngmc bn vnfgkiknft
vnfgkiknftj.
j.
• Nh pj bn tnokbj gjf nh guch tnfbrã gjftcgtj
gjftcgtj burcftn nh usj kfbkgc nh fkvnh bn
bnskflnggk÷f
bnskfln ggk÷f qun rnqunrkrã nh bkspjskvj. Csnaÿrnsn bn qun hc lunrzc y hc burcgk÷f bnh
gjftcgtj sncf cprjpkcbcs pcrc hc bnskfln

bnskflnggk÷f.
ggk÷f.
PTNGC^GK×F
• Fj lrjtn nh gcdhn, nh hkdnrcbjr bn tnfsk÷f fk nh gjfngtjr bnh trcfsbugtjr gjf chgjmjh
ksjprjpéhkgj, yc qun punbn bcócr y/j bngjhjrcr nscs pknzcs.
• Fj suinroc hjs trcfsbugtjrns burcftn iãs bn ufc mjrc, c infjs qun punbcf
nstnrkhkzcrsn.
• Wk sn uhkzc uf bnskflngtcftn fj rngjinfbcbj j fj sn skaunf hjs iëtjbjs bn
bnskflnggk÷f
bnskfln ggk÷f rngjinfbcbjs sn punbn bcócr j bngjhjrcr nh trcfsbugtjr
trcfsbugtjr,, hj guch pjbréc
kfvchkbcr hc acrcfc.
Pcrc rnchkzcr hc bnskflnggk÷f j bnskflnggk÷f bn chtj fkvnh bn uf trcfsbugtjr,
3 Bnsgjfngtn nh trcfsbugtjr bnh skstnic.
4 Hkipkn ikfugkjscinftn, nfoucaun y snqun nh trcfsbugtjr.
7 Bnspuës bn hkipkcr, nsgjoc ufc sjhugk÷f bnskflngtcftn bn chtj fkvnh gjipcdhn gjf su
trcfsbugtjr.
Wk sn uhkzc ufc sjhugk÷f prninzghcbc, csnaÿrnsn
csnaÿrnsn bn vnrkgcr su lngmc bn vnfgkiknftj.
2 Wkac gukbcbjscinftn hcs kfstruggkjfns bnh lcdrkgcftn bnh bnskfl

bnskflngtcftn
ngtcftn pcrc hc
bnskflnggk÷f
bnskfln ggk÷f j bnskflnggk÷f bn chtj fkvnh.
> Bnspuës bn hc bnskflnggk÷f j bnskflnggk÷f bn chtj fkvnh, usn uf pcój hkipkj y pcrc sngcr
nh trcfsbugtjr.
< Gjiprundn qun fj mcyc bcójs nf hc gcrgcsc, nh hkdnrcbjr bn tnfsk÷f, hc hnftn y nh snhhj y
qun fj mcyc prjdhnics bn lufgkjfciknftj.
Wk nh trcfsbugtjr nstã bcócbj, fj hj uhkgn y p÷facsn nf gjftcgtj gjf uf tëgfkgj bn
icftnfkiknftj
icftnfkiknf tj bn CHPKFKJF INBKGCH j gjf uf canftn cutjrkzcbj.
Hkstc cprjdcbc bn bnskflngtcftns, prn-hkipkcbjrns y anhns bn

uhtrcsjfkbj
Bndn nhnakr nh prjbugtj cbngucbj dcsãfbjsn nf hc hkstc bn bnskflngtcftns,
bnskflngtcftns, prn-hkipkcbjrns
y anhns gjipcdhns. Pcrc iãs kfljricgk÷f sjdrn hjs anhns bn uhtrcsjfkbj y prjbugtjs bn
hkipknzc y bnskflnggk÷f cprjdcbjs, gjfsuhtn hjs gcpétuhjs gjrrnspjfbnftns bnh Icfuch bnh
usucrkj.
Gukbcbj y icftnfkiknftj bnh trcfsbugtjr 7-33
icftnfkiknftj
Rrctciknftj bn hjs gcdhns

Rjin hcs skauknftns prngcugkjfns gjf hjs gcdhns bnh trcfsbugtjr?
• Icftëfa
Icftëfachjs
chjs hnojs bn hc runbcs
• Fj bjdhn iugmj nh gcdhn
• Nvktn hjs gcdhns gruzcbjs nftrn trcfsbugtjrns
Icftnfkiknftj
Icftnfkiknftj phcfncbj
Wn suaknrn nh skauknftn prjarcic bn icftnfkiknftj pcrc acrcfzcr nh lufgkjfciknftj y hc
snaurkbcb ÷pijs bnh trcfsbugtjr.
• Bkcrkcinftn? kfspnggkjfcr hjs trcfsbugtjr

trcfsbugtjrns
ns
• Bnspuës bn gcbc usj? hkipkcr hjs trcfsbugtjrns
• Bnspuës bn gcbc usj? bnskflngtcr hjs trcfsbugtjrns

2
Wnaurkbcb
Tnsuinf sjdrn snaurkbcb .......................................................................2-4
Kfljricgk÷f fjricvc
fjricvc ............................................................................2-1
Nquntcs y séidjhjs bnh skstnic

skstnic ...........................................................2-30

Tnsuinf sjdrn snaurkbcb

Bndn tnfnr nf gunftc hcs skauknftns prngcugkjfns bn snaurkbcb burcftn tjbcs hcs lcsns bn
lufgkjfciknftj, snrvkgkj y rnpcrcgk÷f bnh skstnic bn uhtrcsjfkbj N-G^DN =. Wk fj guiphn gjf
hcs prngcugkjfns bn snaurkbcb j cbvnrtnfgkcs nspngégcs bn nstn icfuch, nstcrã vkjhcfbj hcs
fjrics bn snaurkbcb nf rnhcgk÷f ch bksnój, hc lcdrkgcgk÷f y nh usj kfbkgcbj bn nstn skstnic.
CHPKFKJF INBKGCH W[WRNIW Gj., HRB.HRB. fj sn mcgn rnspjfscdhn bn hc lchtc bn guiphkiknftj bn
nstjs rnquksktjs.
Cbvnrtnfgkc bn snaurkbcb
C\KWJ ^f C\KWJ kfbkgc qun mcy pnhkarj. Bndn snaukr hjs prjgnbkiknftjs bn jpnrcgk÷f,
prãggc j gjipjrtciknftjs skikhcrns. Wk mcgn gcsj jiksj bn nstn cvksj, sn
punbnf prjbugkr hnskjfns pnrsjfchns j kfghusj hc iunrtn.
PTNGC^GK×F ^f cvksj bn PTNGC^GK×F kfbkgc qun mcy pnhkarj. Bndn snaukr hjs prjgnbkiknftjs
bn jpnrcgk÷f, prãggc j gjipjrtciknftjs skikhcrns. Wk mcgn gcsj jiksj bn nstn
cvksj sn punbnf jgcskjfcr bcójs ch nqukpj j hc përbkbc bn bctjs kipjrtcftns.
2-4 Wnaurkbcb
Kfljricgk÷f bn snaurkbcb bnh nqukpj
C\KWJ Wk kfstchc nh skstnic pjr su gunftc, sn punbnf jgcskjfcr bcójs ch skstnic j

•
punbn sulrkr ufc bnsgcrac nhëgtrkgc.

Pcrc nvktcr bcójs nf nh skstnic y bnsgcracs nhëgtrkgcs, ÿfkgcinftn uf
kfanfknrj bn icftnfkiknftj
icftnfkiknftj bn CHPKFKJF gchkgcbj bndn kfstchcr nh skstnic.
Pcrc nvktcr bcójs nf nh skstnic y bnsgcracs nhëgtrkgcs, fj nhkikfn hcs gudknrtcs
•
bnh skstnic ustnb iksij. ßfkgcinftn uf kfanfknrj bn icftnfkiknftj bn

CHPKFKJF gchkgcbj bndn rnpcrcr j rnniphczcr hjs gjipjfnftns.
Fj ijbkqun nh skstnic gjij, pjr noniphj, hjs gjipjfnftns j nh prjarcic.
•
Wk ijbkgc nh skstnic, su snaurkbcb sn punbn vnr nf pnhkarj. Wjhj hjs

kfanfknrjs bn icftnfkiknftj bn CHPKFKJF gchkgcbjs punbnf ijbkgcr nh
skstnic.
Wk bntngtc qun nh skstnic iunstrc chaÿf lufgkjfciknftj cf÷ichj, bndn
•
kftnrruipkr
kftnrruip kr su lufgkjfciknft
lufgkjfciknftjj y hhnvcr c gcdj hjs prjgnbkiknf
prjgnbkiknftjs
tjs cbngucbjs
pcrc hjs pcgknftns. Hunaj, gjftãgtnsn gjf uf kfanfknrj bn icftnfkiknftj bn
CHPKFKJF.
Nh vjhtcon bnh skstnic punbn gcuscr hnskjfns arcvns j bcójs ch skstnic.
•
Bndn gjfstctcr hc kftnarkbcb bn hc bnsgcrac c nrrc bnh tjicgjrrknftn y bnh

•
skstnic rnauhcrinftn.
Pcrc nvktcr nh rknsaj bn bnsgcrac nhëgtrkgc, bndn gjfngtcr nh skstnic c hcs
•
rnbns bn suikfkstrj gjf hc gjfnxk÷f c nrrc bn prjtnggk÷f.

Pjr hc snaurkbcb bnh pcgknftn, bndn udkgcr nh skstnic bn icfnrc qun sn punbc
•
bnsgjfngtcr nh gcdhn bn chkinftcgk÷f lãgkhinftn sk sn prjbugn uf nrrjr j uf

lufgkjfciknftjj cf÷ichj.
lufgkjfciknft
Wkniprn csnaÿrnsn bn fj uhkzcr nh skstnic nf uf nftjrfj gjf pnhkarj nxphjskvj.
•
Cftns bn hkipkcr y bnskflngtcr nh skstnic, csnaÿrnsn bn cpcacrhj y bn

•
bnsgjfngtcr nh gcdhn bn chkinftcgk÷f bnh tjicgjrrknftn.

Fj gjhjqun héqukbjs sjdrn nh skstnic. Nh bnrrcin bn cauc j héqukbjs sjdrn nh
•
skstnic punbn jgcskjfcr bnsgcracs nhëgtrkgcs

nhëgtrkgcs y bcójs ch skstnic.
Bndn snaukr hcs prngcug
• prngcugkjfns
kjfns bn snaurkbcb pcrc nvktcr guchquknr sktucgk÷f qun
punbc jgcskjfcr hnskjfns j bcój.
•
Wkniprn
Cftns bnuhkgn
uhkzcrnhnhskstnic bnbndn
skstnic, icfnrc cbngucbc
csnaurcrsn bn pcrc
snaukrnvktcr hnskjfns arcvns.
hcs kfstruggkjf
kfstruggkjfns
ns
y jdsnrvcr hjs pnhkarjs qun kiphkgc nh skstnic bn uhtrcsjfkbj. CHPKFKJF
prjpjrgkjfc cskstnfgkc bn gcpcgktcgk÷f, sk sn rnquknrn.
^hkzcr nh nqukpj kfguiphknfbj hcs gjfbkgkjfns bnsgrktcs j su usj prnvkstj y fj
•
tnfnr nf gunftc hcs cbvnrtnfgkcs bn snaurkbcb sn gjfskbnrc uhkzcgk÷f kfgjrrngtc.

Nh lcdrkgcftn fj ns rnspjfscdhn bn guchquknr bcój j hnsk÷f gcuscbj pjr su
uhkzcgk÷f kfgjrrngtc. Hc uhkzcgk÷f kfgjrrngtc cfuhc hc acrcfc bnh nqukpj.
Wkniprn uhkgn pnrklërkgjs y cggnsjrkjs cprjdcbjs pjr CHPKFKJF. Bndn
•
gjfngtcr hjs pnrklërkgjs y hjs cggnsjrkjs ch skstnic bn icfnrc snaurc.

Wkniprn uhkgn hjs trcfsbugtjrns cprjdcbjs j rngjinfbcbjs pjr CHPKFKJF.
•
^hkgn skniprn gcdhns pcrc NGA cprjdcbjs y nhngtrjbjs rngjinfbcbjs pjr

•
CHPKFKJF.
•
Wu skstnic
NGA. bn uhtrcsjfkbj
Fj uhkgn fj nstã
nh skstnic pcrc bksnócbj pcrc
kftnrvnfgkjfns bkcaf÷sgj
qukrÿrakgcs bnhygjrcz÷f.
ijfktjrnj bn
Tnsuinf sjdrn snaurkbcb 2-7
Kfljricgk÷f
Kfljricgk÷f sjdrn hc snaurkbcb bnh pcgknftn
C\KWJ Gucfbj kfarnsc bctjs bnh pcgknftn, skniprn csnaÿrnsn bn kfarnscr hc

•
kbnfgcgk÷f gjrrngtc.
Fj uhkgn nh skstnic mcstc qun sn lcikhkcrkgn gjf su lufgkjfciknftj.
•
Pcrc nvktcr qun nh trcfsbugtjr sn sjdrngchknftn, bndn gjfanhcr nh skstnic

•
gucfbj fj sn nstë vksuchkzcfbj kiãanfns.
PTNGC^GK×F Fj pnriktc qun nh skstnic trcfsiktc ufc schkbc cgÿsgc gucfbj fj sn nstë
•
uhkzcfbj nh trcfsbugtjr. Bn hj gjftrcrkj, nh trcfsbugtjr pjbréc rngchnftcrsn.

Gucfbj fj nstë uhkzcfbj nh skstnic, bndn gjfanhcr hc kicanf j cpcacr hc
•
schkbc cgÿsgc.
Fj uhkgn nh skstnic gjf bnsdrkhcbjr. Nh skstnic fj kfghuyn ufc pknzc cphkgcbc
•
c prundc bn bnsdrkhcgk÷f pcrc NGA.

Fj pnriktc qun nh anrikgkbc nftrn nf gjftcgtj gjf nh pcgknftn. Nh gjftcgtj
•
gjf hc pknh bnh pcgknftn j hc inidrcfc iugjsc punbn prjvjgcr

prjvjgcr kfcicgk÷f.
2-2 Wnaurkbcb
Kfljricgk÷f pcrc hc snaurkbcb nhëgtrkgc
C\KWJ • Fj hkipkn j bnskflngtn nh skstnic cftns bn cpcacrhj y bnsgjfngtcrhj bnh

tjicgjrrknftn. Bn hj gjftrcrkj, punbn prjbugkrsn ufc bnsgcrac nhëgtrkgc y sn
punbn bcócr nh skstnic.
• Fj gjhjqun cauc j héqukbjs sjdrn nh skstnic. Nh bnrrcin bn cauc j héqukbjs
sjdrn nh skstnic punbn jgcskjfcr bnsgcracs nhëgtrkgcs y bcójs ch skstnic.
• Pcrc nvktcr qun nh skstnic sn bcón j qun sn prjbuzgc ufc bnsgcrac nhëgtrkgc,
fj nhkikfn hjs pcfnhns j hcs gudknrtcs.
• Fj uhkgn hjs gcdhns bn nxtnfsk÷f, cbcptcbjrns j gjfvnrsjrns, bnh pj bn trns
j bjs ghcvkocs, pcrc gjfngtcr gjf uf nfgmuln.
• Nh vjhtcon bnh skstnic punbn gcuscr hnskjfns arcvns j bcójs ch skstnic.
Wk bntngtc qun nh skstnic iunstrc chaÿf lufgkjfciknftj cf÷ichj, bndn
kftnrruipkr
kftnrruip kr su lufgkjfciknft
lufgkjfciknftjj y hhnvcr c gcdj hjs prjgnbkiknf
prjgnbkiknftjs
tjs cbngucbjs
pcrc hjs pcgknftns. Hunaj, gjftãgtnsn gjf uf kfanfknrj bn icftnfkiknftj bn
CHPKFKJF.
• Pcrc nvktcr ufc bnsgcrac nhëgtrkgc, fj ijbkqun nh nfgmuln gjfngtjr bn GC
(gjrrknftn chtnrfc) bnh skstnic.
• Bndn bnocr pcscr ufcs mjrcs cftns uscr nh skstnic bn uhtrcsjfkbj gucfbj sn
nfgunftrcf nf uf huacr mÿinbj.
• Fj gjfngtn, bnsgjfngtn fk rnniphcgn c hc iksic vnz guchquknr pcrtn bnh
skstnic burcftn nh nsgcfnj bn uf pcgknftn.
• Fj rnniphcgn uf luskdhn fk uf gcdhn bn chkinftcgk÷f ustnb sjhj. ^f kfanfknrj
bn snrvkgkj j uf canftn cutjrkzcbj
cutjrkzcbj bn CHPKFKJF INBKGCH bndnf rnchkzcr nh
rnniphczj. Wk rnniphczc nh luskdhn j nh gcdhn bn chkinftcgk÷f ustnb sjhj, hc
acrcfc pnrbnrã vchkbnz.
• Wk uhkzc hkipkcbjrns nf puhvnrkzcbjr, punbn bnrrcicrsn nh héqukbj sjdrn nh
skstnic. Pjr hj tcftj, sn bcócrãf hjs gjipjfnftns.
• Pcrc nvktcr ufc bnsgcrac nhëgtrkgc y bcójs ch skstnic, fj uhkgn hkipkcbjrns
gjf puhvnrkzcbjr pcrc cnrjsjh sjdrn nh ijfktjr.
• Gucfbj uhkgn hc lufgk÷f bn NGA, icftnfac
icftnfac hjs gcdhns bn NGA j hjs pcgknftns
chnocbjs bn guchquknr jtrj gjfbugtj nhëgtrkgj pcrc nvktcr bnsgcracs nhëgtrkgcs.
•
Hc
ufcbklnrnfgkc
bnsgcrac bn vjhtcon Wnaÿf
nhëgtrkgc. nftrn nh
hjsskstnic y jtrjs bkspjskvjs
rnqunrkiknftjs punbn prjbugkr
bn hc KNG (gjfsuhtn KNG
<0<03-3-3 y hc ghãusuhc 3< bn hc 7 Nb. bn KNG <0<03-3, rnspngvc
rnspngvcinftn),
inftn),
bndn uscr uf gcdhn nqukpjtnfgkch (gjfnxk÷f nqukpjtnfgkch) pcrc gjfngtcr
hjs bkspjskvjs cbkgkjfchns ch skstnic. Gjftcgtn c hjs kfanfknrjs bn
icftnfkiknftj
icftnfkiknf tj bn CHPKFKJF INBKGCH.
Tnsuinf sjdrn snaurkbcb 2->
Kfljricgk÷f bn snaurkbcb bnh trcfsbugtjr

Kfljricgk÷f
C\KWJ Pcrc nvktcr nh bcój bnh skstnic y hnskjfns snrkcs nf hjs pcgknftns, fj uhkgn
•
trcfsbugtjrns bnlngtujsjs j bcócbjs.

Csnaÿrnsn bn fj bjdhcr j rcr nh gcdhn bnh trcfsbugtjr pcrc nvktcr bcócrhj.
•
^sn sjhj hjs anhns bn cgjphciknftj cprjdcbjs.

• cprjdcbjs. Wk usc anhns fj cprjdcbjs, sn
punbn bcócr nh trcfsbugtjr y cfuhcr hc acrcfc.
Pcrc rnbugkr nh rknsaj bn gjrrknftns bn luac n kftnrlnrnfgkc nhngtrjqukrÿrakgc,
•
usn sjhj ufkbcbns nhngtrjqukrÿrakgcs

nhngtrjqukrÿrakgcs gjf schkbc ckshcbc gjf uf trcfsbugtjr
nfbjgcvktcrkj y bnsgjfngtn nh trcfsbugtjr gucfbj fj nstë usãfbjhj.
Gucfbj uf trcfsbugtjr nfbjgcvktcrkj jgcskjfn lchhcs bn lufgkjfciknftj,
•
p÷facsn nf gjftcgtj gjf uf Tnprnsnftcftn bn icftnfkiknftj bn CHPKFKJF

pcrc nvktcr guchquknr pnhkarj rnhcgkjfcbj gjf nh trcfsbugtjr.
PTNGC^GK×F Fj bnon gcnr nh trcfsbugtjr. Wkniprn icftnfac nh trcfsbugtjr nf rnsaucrbj

•
gucfbj fj hj nstë uhkzcfbj.

Nh usj bn uf trcfsbugtjr bnlngtujsj j bcócbj punbn gcuscr ufc bnsgcrac
•
nhëgtrkgc. Pjr hj tcftj, rnspntn nh usj cbngucbj y nh gukbcbj bnh trcfsbugtjr.

Fj pnriktc qun nh skstnic trcfsiktc ufc schkbc cgÿsgc gucfbj fj sn nstë
•
uhkzcfbj nh trcfsbugtjr. Bn hj gjftrcrkj, nh trcfsbugtjr pjbréc rngchnftcrsn.

• Gucfbj fj nstë uhkzcfbj nh skstnic, bndn gjfanhcr hc kicanf j cpcacr hc
schkbc cgÿsgc.

• Pcrc nvktcr hnskjfns snrkcs ch pcgknftn, skniprn csnaÿrnsn bn qun nh
trcfsbugtjr qun nstã uhkzcfbj fj tnfac djrbns hjsjs fk supnrgkns ãspnrcs.
Nspngkchinftn gucfbj sn trctn bn uf trcfsbugtjr nfbjgcvktcrkj, kfspnggk÷fnhj
bn ijbj nxmcusvj cftns bn gcbc usj.

• Hc hkipknzc y hc bnskflnggk÷f cbngucbcs bnh trcfsbugtjr nvktcf hc trcfsiksk÷f
bn nflnrinbcbns. Bndn snaukr hjs prjgnbkiknftjs bn gjftrjh bn kflnggkjfns.

• Wkniprn uhkgn lufbcs pcrc trcfsbugtjrns nstërkhns y gjinrgkchkzcbcs
hnachinftn gucfbj rnchkgn nxãinfns nfbjgcvktcrkjs.

• Csnaÿrnsn bn fj uhkzcr ufc lufbc bn trcfsbugtjr vnfgkbc.

• Nh usj bn gjfbjfns prnhudrkgcbjs
prnhudrkgcbjs c ijbj bn lufbc punbn bcócr nh
trcfsbugtjr.

• Nvktn qun sus jojs (j hjs jojs bnh pcgknftn) nftrnf nf gjftcgtj gjf nh anh bn
cgjphciknftj. Wk hjs jojs nftrcf nf gjftcgtj gjf nh anh, hcvn nstc ãrnc gjf
cdufbcftn cauc hkipkc.

• Gucfbj hc tnipnrcturc bn hc supnrgkn bnh trcfsbugtjr nfbjgcvktcrkj chgcfzc
uf fkvnh snaurj bn 23 °G, gjfanhn icfuchinftn nh skstnic y bntnfac hc
jdtnfgk÷f bn kiãanfns sk nstn fj rnspjfbn cutjiãgcinftn.
2-< Wnaurkbcb
Kfljricgk÷f fjricvc
Nh skstnic bn uhtrcsjfkbj N-G^DN = rnspjfbn c hcs skauknftns ghcskgcgkjfns, gjfljrin c KNG/
NF <0<03-3?<.=.3?
Ghcskgcgkjfns?
• Rkpj bn prjtnggk÷f gjftrc bnsgcrac nhëgtrkgc? Ghcsn K
•
Arcbj bn prjtnggk÷f gjftrc bnsgcrac
bnsgcrac nhëgtrkgc (gjfnxk÷f bn pcgknftn)? nqukpj bn Rkpj DL
• Arcbj bn prjtnggk÷f gjftrc hc pnfntrcgk÷f bcókfc bn cauc? Nqukpj gjiÿf y tjbcs hcs
pcrtns cphkgcbcs (KP]1, KP]=) nxgnptj qun nh NGA guiphc gjf nh fkvnh bn prjtnggk÷f bn
kfarnsj snaÿf KNG <0>4;.
• Arcbj bn snaurkbcb bn cphkgcgk÷f nf prnsnfgkc bn ictnrkch cfnstëskgj kfcicdhn gjf ckrn
j gjf jxéanfj u ÷xkbj fktrjsj? nqukpj fj bksnócbj pcrc uscrsn nf prnsnfgkc bn ufc inzghc
cfnstëskgc kfcicdhn gjf ckrn j gjf jxéanfj u ÷xkbj fktrjsj.
• Ijbj bn lufgkjfciknftj? lufgkjfciknftj gjffuj
Nh skstnic bn uhtrcsjfkbj N-G^DN = guiphn gjf hcs skauknftns fjrics?

• NF <0<03-3?3;==+C3?3;;3+C4?3;;> (KNG <0<03-3?3;==+C3?3;;3+C4?3;;>)
• NF <0<03-3?400<+C33?4033+C3?4037 (KNG <0<03-3?400>+C3?4034)
• NF <0<03-3-4?4001 (KNG <0<03-3-4?4001)
• NF <0<03-3-2?3;;<+C3?3;;; (KNG <0<03-3-2?3;;<+C3?3;;;)
• NF <0<03-3-<?4030 (KNG <0<03-3-<?4030+C3?4037)
• NF <0<03-4-71? 400=+C33?4033 (KNG <0<03-4-71?4001)
• NF >>044?4030, Ghcss D (GKWPT 44?400=, ijbknb)
• NF >>033?400;+C3?4030, Arjup 3, Ghcss D
• NF <3000-2-4?400; (KNG <3000-2-4?400=)
•
NF <3000-2-7?400<+C3?400=+C4?4030 (KNG <3000-2-7?400<+C3?4001+C4?4030)

• NF <3000-2-2?4002+C3?4030 (KNG <3000-2-2?4002+C3?4030)
• NF <3000-2->?400< (KNG <3000-2->?400>)
• NF <3000-2-<?400; (KNG <3000-2-<?400=)
• NF <3000-2-=?4030 (KNG <3000-2-=?400;)
• NF <3000-2-33?4002 (KNG <3000-2-33?4002)
• NF <3000-7-4?400<+C3?400;+C4?400; (KNG <3000-7-4?400>+C3?400;+C4?400;)
• NF <3000-7-7?400= (KNG <3000-7-7?400=)
• NF <4702?400< (KNG <4702?400<)
•
NF <47<<?400= (KNG <47<<?4032)
• NF KWJ 32;13?4034 (KWJ 32;13?4001)
Kfljricgk÷f fjricvc 2-1
NF KWJ 30;;7-3?400; (KWJ 30;;7-3?400;)

•
NF KWJ 30;;7->?400; (KWJ 30;;7->?400;)

•
NF KWJ 30;;7-30?4037 (KWJ 30;;7-30?4030)

•
CKÎ/FNIC ^B 4?4002 (T400;)

•
CKÎ/FNIC ^B 7?4002 (T400;)

•
IBB ;7/24/NNG
•
GCFCBC UTnauhcjfY WJT-;=-4=4

•
• 읝룈기기벞, 싘햋렻, 싘햋귘칛

2-= Wnaurkbcb
Tnprnsnftcftn
Tnprnsnftcftn cutjrkzcbj bn hc ^N?
Fjidrn? Chpkfkjf Inbkgch Wystnis Gj., HRB.

HRB.
Bkrnggk÷f? 3LH cfb < LH, \nrbk Rjwnr, 14, Bkaktch-rj 4<-akh,
Aurj-au, Wnjuh, Tnpudhkg jl Ejrnc
Ejrnc
Rnhëljfj? +2; (4) 74=4 0;01
Tnprnsnftcftn
Tnprnsnftcftn cutjrkzcbj bn hc ^N?
Fjidrn? Chpkfkjf Inbkgch Bnutsgmhcfb AidM

AidM
Bkrnggk÷f? Cpkfkjf Inbkgch Bnutsgmhcfb AidM Hkhknftmchstrcssn 31c
31c
=>7;; Mchhdnraijjs Anricfy
Anricfy
Rnhëljfj? +2; (0) =33 ;; =4 =< 0
Tnprnsnftcftn
Tnprnsnftcftn cutjrkzcbj bn NN. ^^.?
Fjidrn? Ouhkcf Hnn
Bkrnggk÷f? 43734 70tm Br WN Wtn 300 Djtmnhh, QC ;=043, ^fktnb Wtctns
Wtctns
Rnhëljfj? +3 24> ;2; 30>;
Tnprnsnftcftn
Tnprnsnftcftn cutjrkzcbj bn Drcskh?
Fÿinrj bn rnakstrj CF\KWC =0331>=041;
=0331>=041;
Anrnftn tëgfkgj? Oÿhkc _nic Pcrnftn
Pcrnftn Pkftj / GTL ‗ BL 4>0=
KIPJTRCBJT?
KIPJTRCBJT?
Ninraj Drczkh Kipjrt Kipjrtcáçj n Bkstrkdukáçj bn Prjbutjs Iëbkgjs Mjspktchcrns Htbc.
WKC Rrngmj 7, Hjtns 4030/4040, 3° Cfbcr,
Cfbcr, Nb. Iyrkci - Dckrrj? _jfc Kfbustrkch (Aucrã)
(Aucrã)
GNP? 13.400-070 - Gkbcbn? Drcséhkc / ^L? BL
BL
GFPO?
GFP O? 02.;<1.20=/0003-;=
02.;<1.20=/0003 -;=
Rnhëljfj? +>> <3 77=< 73<<
Kfljricgk÷f fjricvc 2-;
Nquntcs y séidjhjs bnh skst

Nquntcs skstnic
nic
Hcs skauknftn ns ufc hkstc bn séidjhjs bnh skstnic y nquntcs bn snaurkbcb. Wu lufgk÷f ns hc
bn kfbkgcrhn qun bndn gjfsuhtcr nh icfuch pcrc jdtnfnr kfljricgk÷f nspngégc pcrc nvktcr
hnskjfns pnrsjfchns j bcójs ch prjbugtj.
Wéidjhjs/nquntcs bn ^dkgcgk÷f Nxphkgcgk÷f

snaurkbcb
Nf nh djt÷f bn nfgnfbkbj bnh Nfgnfbkbj/cpcacbj/suspnfsk÷f

pcfnh bn gjftrjh bnh skstnic
Nf hc nquntc bn ghcskgcgk÷f Hcs pcrtns qun nftrcf nf gjftcgtj

bnh skstnic pcrc nh nxtrcfonrj, gjf nh pcgknftn guiphnf gjf hjs
nf hc nquntc bnh trcfsbugtjr rnquksktjs bn ckshciknftj bn hjs
y nf nh punrtj NGA. nqukpjs pj DL
Nf nh punrtj bn NGA Pcftchhc bn bntnggk÷f NGA
Nstn séidjhj kfbkgc qun nh

trcfsbugtjr guiphn gjf hjs
Nf hc nquntc bnh trcfsbugtjr rnquksktjs bn kfinrsk÷f. Wnaÿf nh

ijbnhj bn trcfsbugtjr, hc nquntc
bn kfinrsk÷f punbn bklnrkr.
bklnrkr.
Nstn séidjhj kfbkgc qun, gucfbj

nh usucrkj fch bnsnc bnsngmcr
nstn prjbugtj, bndn nfvkcrhj
c gnftrjs bn rngjhnggk÷f pcrc
qun snc rngupnrcbj y rngkghcbj.
Nf hc nquntc bn Wnpcrcfbj nstn prjbugtj bn jtrjs
prngcugkjfns
prngcugkjf ns iÿhphns, nf hc pjs bn bnsngmjs bjiësgjs, sn
nquntc bn ghcskgcgk÷f pcrc rnbugn nh vjhuinf bn bnsngmjs
nh nxtrcfonrj, nf hc nquntc nfvkcbjs c hjs kfgkfnrcbjr
kfgkfnrcbjrns
ns j
bnh trcfsbugtjr y nf hc vnrtnbnrjs y, nf gjfsngunfgkc,
nquntc bnh gchnftcbjr bn anh sn gjftrkduyn c gjfsnrvcr hjs
rngursjs fcturchns.
Gjftcgtn c uf rnprnsnftcftn
cutjrkzcbj bnh lcdrkgcftn pcrc
jdtnfnr kfljricgk÷f cgnrgc bnh
bnsicftnhciknftj bn su nqukpj.
Nf hc nquntc bn
Nstn skstnic guiphn gjf hjs
prngcugkjfns
prngcugkjf ns iÿhphns, nf hc
rnquksktjs rnahcinftcrkjs
rnahcinftcrkjs bn hc
nquntc bn ghcskgcgk÷f pcrc
Fjric nurjpnc ;7/24/NNG sjdrn
nh nxtrcfonrj y nf hc gcoc bn
prjbugtjs scfktcrkjs.
nidchcon bnh skstnic
2-30 Wnaurkbcb

snaurkbcb
Nf hc nquntc bn prngcugkjfns
Gjfsuhtn hcs kfstruggkjfns bn usj
iÿhphns bnh skstnic,
(j gjfsuhtn hcs kfstruggkjf
kfstruggkjfns
ns bn
nquntc bn gchnftcbjr bn anh,
lufgkjfciknftj)
y pcfnh bn K/J
Ctnfgk÷f (Prngcugk÷f)? gjfsuhtn

\crkcs udkgcgkjfns nf hjs bjguinftjs cbouftjs sk
nquntcs hc nquntc fj prjpjrgkjfc hc
kfljricgk÷f gjiphntc
Nf hc nquntc bn ghcskgcgk÷f
pcrc nh nxtrcfonrj? Gjrrknftn chtnrfc nf gjfljrikbcb
Ouftj ch nfgmuln y gjf KNG <0=1=-03-32
tjicgjrrknftn bn GC
Djt÷f kftnrruptjr ijinftãfnj

Ouftj ch tjicgjrrknftn bn GC
tãgh
Ouftj ch nfgmuln bn GC Nqukpjtnfgkchkbcb
Nf nh gjstcbj bnrngmj bn hc
Dus snrkn ufkvnrsch
pcftchhc tãgh
Lngmc bn lcdrkgcgk÷f
lcdrkgcgk÷f
bnh skstnic pcrc nh nxtrcfonrj
Gjfsuhtn hc fjric KWJ =<03 pcrc
y nf hc nquntc bnh
gjfjgnr nh ljrictj bn lngmc
trcfsbugtjr
Nf hc nquntc bn ghcskgcgk÷f Wéidjhj bnh lcdrkgcft

lcdrkgcftnn
bnh skstnic pcrc nh nxtrcfonrj Nstn séidjhj nstcrã cgjipcócbj
y nf hc nquntc bnh pjr nh fjidrn y hc bkrnggk÷f bnh
trcfsbugtjr lcdrkgcftn.
bnh skstnic pcrc nh nxtrcfonrj
Fÿinrj bn snrkn
y nf hc nquntc bnh
trcfsbugtjr
Pcrc acrcfzcr hc snaurkbcb bnh

Nf hc nquntc bn
usucrkj, sn fngnsktcf ch infjs 4
prngcugkjfns
prngcug kjfns iÿhphns bnh
pnrsjfcs pcrc ijvnr j nfvkcr nh
skstnic
skstnic.
Nf hcs nquntcs bn prngcugk÷f Fj prnskjfn nh ijfktjr j nh

bnh HGB y prngcugkjfns skstnic gjf lunrzc gucfbj sn
iÿhphns bnh skstnic dhjquncf hcs runbcs.
Nquntcs y séidjhjs bnh skstnic 2-33

snaurkbcb
Fj prnskjfn j cphkqun gcrac ch

Nf hc nquntc bn prngcugk÷f ijfktjr gucfbj nstã gnrrcbj. Bn
bnh HGB hj gjftrcrkj, nh ijfktjr j nh drczj
prjlnskjfch pjbrécf bcócrsn.
Fj uhkgn trcfsiksjr
trcfsiksjrns
ns i÷vkhns
Nf hc nquntc bn
gjij tnhëljfjs i÷vkhns,
prngcugkjfns
prngcugkjfns iÿhphns bnh
rngnptjrns bn rcbkj, gjfnxkjfns
skstnic
bn dcfbc cfgmc, ntg.
Kftnftn fj prjbugkrsn hnskjfns fk

Nf hc nquntc bn prngcugk÷f
bcócr nh skstnic ch rjtcr nh drczj
bnh HGB
bnh ijfktjr.
Nf hc pcrtn pjstnrkjr bnh

Nquntc bn prngcugk÷f
ijfktjr HGB
Wn bndn tnfnr gukbcbj bn fj

Pcrtn supnrkjr bnh drczj bnh
pnhhkzgcrsn. (nf gjfljrikbcb gjf
ijfktjr
KNG <0=1=)
Nf hc pcrtn pjstnrkjr bnh Nquntc bn prngcugkjfns

gunrpj bnh skstnic iÿhphns bnh skstnic
Gudknrtc bnrngmc bnh gunrpj Wkf nquntc bn bntnggk÷f bn

bnh skstnic aëfnrj
Nf hc pcrtn supnrkjr (j pcfnh Nquntc bn gcrac bn trcdcoj

hctnrch) bnh gunrpj bnh skstnic snaurc
2-34 Wnaurkbcb

snaurkbcb
Pcrtn kflnrkjr bnh pcfnh bn Nquntc bn ghcskgcgk÷f bnh

gjftrjh skstnic pcrc nh nxtrcfonrj
Pcrtn kflnrkjr bnh pcfnh bn Nquntc bn ghcskgcgk÷f bnh

gjftrjh skstnic pcrc usj fcgkjfch
Nf nh punrtj bnh gcdhn bnh Nquntc bnh vjhtcon bnh

gchnftcbjr bn anh gchnftcbjr bn anh
Nf hc pcrtn pjstnrkjr bnh

Nquntc bnh gchnftcbjr bn anh
gchnftcbjr bn anh
Fjidrn bnh lcdrkgcftn bnh

trcfsbugtjr, séidjhj bn QNNN
Rrcfsbugtjr
(qun kfbkgc hc rngjhnggk÷f
snhngvc), icrgc bn gnrgcgk÷f
Fjidrn bnh trcfsbugtjr, snrkn,

Rrcfsbugtjr ghcskgcgk÷f KP], séidjhj bn
prngcugk÷f
Fjidrn bnh lcdrkgcftn bnh

trcfsbugtjr, séidjhj bn QNNN
Rrcfsbugtjr
(qun kfbkgc hc rngjhnggk÷f
snhngvc), icrgc bn gnrgcgk÷f
Fjidrn bnh trcfsbugtjr, snrkn,

Rrcfsbugtjr ghcskgcgk÷f KP], séidjhj bn
prngcugk÷f
Nquntcs y séidjhjs bnh skstnic 2-37

ICF^CH BN JPNTCGK×F
Tnv. 0 (NWPZHC)

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Bnrngmjs bn cutjr y hkgnfgkc

Hcs ÿfkgcs acrcfcs pcrc hjs prjbugtjs

373<~3740 rjji, CGN MKAM-NFB Rjwnr 3st, 3st,

R? +=4 4 74=4 0;01 L? +=4 4 =>3 >>;3 www.chpkfkjf.gji

Tnv Lngmc Bnsgrkpgk÷f

Tnv. 0 32 bn Oufkj bn 4031 Prkinrc pudhkgcgk÷f bnh icfuch bn jpnrcgk÷f

\kstc trcsnrc bnh skstnic .......................................................................................................

\kstc hctnrch bnh skstnic .............................................

Kfkgkj bnh skstnic ..................................................................................................3-3>

Bnsgjfnxk÷f bnh trcfsbugtjr ..........................................

Cgvcgk÷f bnh trcfsbugtjr ..................................................................................................

Bnscgvcgk÷f bnh trcfsbugtjr .........................................

Gjiknfzj bn uf nxcinf ........................................................................................4-4

Gjiknfzj gjf uf funvj pcgknftn .....................................

Dÿsqunbc bn uf pcgknftn nxkstnftn ......................................................................................

Gjiknfzj bn uf funvj nxcinf gjf uf pcgknftn nxkstnftn ............

Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj I ..........................................

Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj GL .........................................

Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj PB ..........................................

Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj PQB .......................................

Gjftrjhns bnh ijbj GQB .......................................

Cbikfkstrcgk÷f bn kicanf y bctjs bnh pcgknftn ....................................................4-4;

Inbkgkjfns n kfljrins .........................................................................................4-72

\nftcfc bn rnsuhtcbjs bn inbkgkjfns ..............................

7. Bnspuës bn tnrikfcr nh nxci

Lhuoj bn trcdcoj anfnrch ........................................................................................................

Infÿs bn prncoustn bnh skstnic ..................................

Gukbcbj y icftnfkiknftj bnh skstnic ....................................................................7-1

Gukbcbj y icftnfkiknftj bnh trcfsbugtjr ..............................................................7-;

Tnsuinf sjdrn snaurkbcb ......................................................................................2-4

Kfljricgk÷f bn snaurkbcb bnh nqukpj ...................................................................................

Kfljricgk÷f sjdrn hc snaurkbcb bnh pcgknftn .............................

Kfljricgk÷f pcrc hc snaurkbcb nhëgtrkgc ..................................

Kfljricgk÷f bn snaurkbcb bnh trcfsbugtjr ...............................

Nquntcs y séidjhjs bnh skstnic

Bnsgrkpgk÷f anfnrch bn hc gjfsjhc ...........................................................3->

Kfkgkj bnh skstnic ...................................................................................3-3>

Gcrcgtnrésgc bnh skstnic

3-4 Kfljricgk÷f dãskgc bnh skstnic

3-2 Kfljricgk÷f dãskgc bnh skstnic

Bnsgrkpgk÷f anfnrch bn hc gjfsjhc

Lkaurc 3-3 Wkstnic N-G^DN = (\kstc lrjftch)

F.° Gjipjfnftn F.° Gjipjfnftn

3 Ijfktjr (pcftchhc bn 43,> puhacbcs) < Pcfnh bn gjftrjh

4 Hãipcrc HNB 1 Icfkoc

7 Gchnftcbjr bn anh = Wjpjrtn bnh gcdhn bnh trcfsbugtjr

2 Wjpjrtn bnh trcfsbugtjr ; Punrtj GQ

> Wjpjrtn bnh trcfsbugtjr

Bnsgrkpgk÷f anfnrch bn hc gjfsjhc

\kstc trcsnrc bnh skstnic

Lkaurc 3-4 Wkstnic N-G^DN = (\kstc trcsnrc)

F.° Gjipjfnftn F.° Gjipjfnftn

3 Pcfnh bn N/W (nftrcbc/schkbc) 7 Nftrcbc bn GC

4 Kftnrruptjr bn nfgnfbkbj/cpcacbj 2 Punrtj bn NGA

3-< Kfljricgk÷f dãskgc bnh skstnic

\kstc hctnrch bnh skstnic

Lkaurc 3-7 Wkstnic N-G^DN = (\kstc hctnrch)

F.° Gjipjfnftn F.° Gjipjfnftn

3 Drczj bnh ijfktjr 7 Dhjqunj bn runbcs

4 Punrtj bnh trcfsbugtjr 2 Tunbc

3 Prnskjfn nh djt÷f Ijbj/Wnhnggk÷f

4 Pcrc cuinftcr nh gjftrcstn, prnskjfn nh djt÷f Crrkdc

Pcrc coustcr nh drkhhj bnh ijfktjr,