Transmission and Distribution - Engineering Subject

Transmission and Distribution - EE3401 TD 4th Semester EEE Dept | 2021

Regulation | Anna University Engineering Subject Paper

Unit I: Transmission Line Parameters

1. Transmission Line Parameters - Transmission and Distribution
2. Introduction - Transmission Line Parameters
3. Structure of Power System
4. Types of Transmission - Overhead - Underground System - Comparison
5. Types of Line Conductors - Hard Drawn Copper - Steel Cored - Cadmium - All
Aluminium Alloy - Phosphor Bronze
6. Methods of Arrangement of Conductors
7. Introduction to Transmission Line Parameters
8. Transmission Line Constants
9. Resistance
10. Inductance
11. Capacitance
12. Inductance of a Conductor - Internal - External Flux
13. Inductance of a Single Phase Two Wire Line - Transmission Line Parameters
14. Flux Linkages of One Conductor in a Group
15. Inductance of Composite Conductor Lines
16. An Alternative Approach for Finding the Expression for Inductive Reactance
17. Flux Linkages in Parallel Current Carrying Conductors
18. Inductance of Three Phase Lines with Equilateral and Symmetrical Spacing -
Transmission Line Parameters
19. Inductance of Transmission Line with Unsymmetrical Spacing - Diagram
20. Inductance of Three Phase Line with Unsymmetrical Spacing but
Transposed - Diagram
21. Inductance of Three Phase Lines with more than One Circuit
22. Inductance of Three Phase Double Circuit with Unsymmetrical Spacing but
Transposed
23. Inductance of Three Phase Double Circuit with Symmetrical Spacing -
Diagram - Examples
24. Inductance of Bundled Conductor Lines
25. Capacitance of Transmission Line
26. Electric Potential at Single Charged Conductor
27. Potential at a Conductor in a Group of Charged Conductors
28. Capacitance of Single Phase Line
29. Effect of Earth on capacitances of Transmission Line - Diagram - Examples
30. Capacitance of a Three Phase Line with Equilateral Spacing - Diagram -
Examples
31. Capacitance of a Three Phase Line with Unsymmetrical Spacing -
Transmission Line Parameters
32. Effect of Earth on Capacitance of Single Circuit Three Phase Line with
Transposition
33. Capacitance of System with Bundled Conductors
34. Capacitance of Three Phase Line with More Than One Circuit
35. Capacitance of Three Phase Double Circuit with Unsymmetrical Spacing but
Transposed
36. Inductive Interference with Neighbouring Circuits - Electromagnetic -
Electrostatic Effect - Steps for Reducing Telephone Interference
37. Skin Effect
38. Proximity Effect
39. Electrical Parameters of EHV Lines - Transmission Line Parameters
40. Two Marks Questions with Answers - Transmission and Distribution |
Transmission Line Parameters

Unit II: (a) Modelling and Performance of Transmission Lines

1. Modelling and Performance of Transmission Lines - Modelling and
Performance of Transmission Lines
2. Introduction - Modelling and Performance of Transmission Lines
3. Classification of Overhead Transmission Line
4. Representation of Transmission Line
5. Terms Related to Performance of Transmission Line
6. Performance Analysis of Short Transmission Lines
7. Three Phase Short Transmission Line
8. Effect of Load P.F. on Regulation and Efficiency - Modelling and Performance
of Transmission Lines
9. Medium Transmission line - End Condenser - Nominal T, π Method
10. Generalised Circuit Constants of a Transmission Line
11. Long Transmission Lines
12. Rigorous Method of Analysis of Long Transmission Line
13. Surge Impedance - Surge Impedance Loading (SIL)
14. Equivalent T and π Network of Long Transmission Line - Modelling and
Performance of Transmission Lines
15. Power Flow through Transmission Line - Short Transmission Line
16. Circle Diagram - Procedure to Draw Receiving
17. Determination of Capacity for Synchronous Phase Modifier - Modelling and
Performance of Transmission Lines
18. Sending End Power Circle Diagram - Steps for drawing -
19. Active and Reactive Power Flow - Modelling and Performance of Transmission
Lines
20. Power System Stability - Power Angle Diagram
21. Power Transfer Capability of Transmission Lines - Modelling and
Performance of Transmission Lines
22. Ferranti Effect
23. Line Compensation
24. Two Marks Questions with Answers - Modelling and Performance of
Transmission Lines

Unit II: (b) Corona

1. Corona - Transmission and Distribution
2. Basic Principle or phenomenon of Corona
3. Parameters Related to Corona - Critical Disruptive Voltage - Critical Visual
Disruptive Voltage - Corona Power Loss
4. Factors Affecting Corona and Corona Loss
5. Effects of Corona
6. Advantages and Disadvantages of Corona
7. Radio Interference and Effect on Line Performance
8. Two Marks Questions with Answers - Modelling and Performance of
Transmission Lines

Unit III: (a) Mechanical Design of Transmission Lines

1. Mechanical Design of Transmission Lines - Introduction
2. Definition of Sag - Important Points
3. Calculation of Sag and Tension - supports at Equal Level - Supports at Unequal
Levels - Factor of Safety
4. Effect of Atmospheric Conditions on Transmission Line - Effect of Ice Coating -
Wind Pressure
5. Calculation of Diameter for Stranded Conductor - Mechanical Design of
Transmission Lines
6. Calculation of Sag for Catenary Shape of Conductor - Calculation of Tension T
and Conductor Half Span Length
7. Tension and Sag at Erection - Mechanical Design of Transmission Lines
8. Stringing Chart
9. Sag Template and Tower Spotting
10. Vibrations of Conductors and Damper - Aeoline Vibrations - Galloping of
Conductors - Stock-Bridge Type Vibration Damper - Factors Affecting Conductor
Vibrations
11. Types of Towers - Wooden - Reinforced concrete - Steel tubular poles - Latticed
steel towers
12. Two Marks Questions with Answers - Transmission and Distribution |
Mechanical Design of Transmission Lines

Unit III: (b) Insulators

1. Insulators - Transmission and Distribution
2. Properties of Insulators - Transmission and Distribution
3. Insulator Materials - Porcelain - Glass - Synthetic Resin
4. Types of Insulators - Pin T- Suspension - Strain - Shackle - Stay
5. Voltage Distribution Over a String of Suspension Insulators
6. String Efficiency - Method of Calculating
7. Methods of Increasing String Efficiency - Reducing Ratio of Shunt Capacitance
to Self Capacitance - Grading the Insulators - Use of Guard Ring (Static Shielding)
8. Testing of insulators - Mechanical - Electrical Insulation - Environment and
Temporary Cycle - Corona and Radio Interference T- Other Important
9. Voltage Distribution by Standard Formula - Insulators
10. Two Marks Questions with Answers - Transmission and Distribution: Unit III:
(b) Insulators : Two Marks Questions with Answers

Unit IV: Underground Cables

1. Underground Cables - Transmission and Distribution
2. Introduction - Advantages of Underground Cables
3. Requirements of the Cables - Underground Cables
4. General Construction of a Cable - Underground Cables
5. Type of Cable - Belted - Screened - Super Tension (S.T.) - Oil Filled - Gas
Pressure
6. Insulating Materials for Cables - Properties - Poly Vinyl Chloride (PVC) - Paper
- Cross Linked Polythelene - Vulcanised India Rubber (VIR)
7. Insulation Resistance of a Cable - Underground Cables
8. Capacitance of a Single Core Cable - Stress in Insulation
9. Grading of Cables - Use of Intersheaths - Capacitance - Difficulties
10. Capacitance of Three Core Cables - Measurement of CS and CC
11. Heating of Cables - Copper Loss - Dielectric Loss - Sheath Loss
12. Heat Flow in a Cable - Thermal Characteristics Thermal Resistance of Single
Core Cable - Thermal Resistance of Soil
13. Current Rating of a Cable - Underground Cables
14. Two Marks Questions with Answers - Transmission and Distribution |
Underground Cables

Unit V: (a) Distribution Systems

1. Distribution Systems - Transmission and Distribution
2. Types of Transmission and Distribution Systems - Transmission and
Distribution
3. A.C. systems - Three Phase Three Wire System - Three Phase Four Wire System -
Advantages - Disadvantages
4. D.C. Systems - Advantages - Disadvantages
5. Introduction to Distribution Systems - General Aspects of a Good Distribution
System
6. General D.C. Distribution System
7. Schemes of Distribution System - Radial - Ring Main - Interconnected
8. Design Considerations for Primary Distribution - Distribution Systems
9. D.C. Three Wire System - Current Distribution of
10. Kelvin’s Law - Limitations - Modified
11. Types of D.C. Distributors - Distribution Systems
12. D.C. Distributor with Concentrated Loads - Concentrated Loads Fed at One
End - Concentrated Loads Fed at Both Ends
13. D.C. Distributor with Uniformly Distributed Load - Load Fed at Both Ends -
Load Fed at One End
14. A.C. Distribution - Calculations - Methods of Solving - Power Factors Referred
to Respective Load Voltages
15. Stepped and Tapered Mains - Distribution Systems
16. Effect of High Voltage in Transmission System - Volume of Copper – Line
Efficiency - Line Drop - Advantages – Disadvantages
17. Comparison of Conductor Material in Overhead System - Distribution
Systems
18. Comparison of Volume of Copper in Underground System - Two Wire D.C.
System - Two Wire D.C. System with Midpoint Earthed - Three Wire D.C. System -
Three Phase Three Wire A.C. System - Three Phase Four Wire A.C. System
19. Techniques of Voltage Control - Reactive Power Injection - Static VAR
Generator - Rotating VAR Generator - Control by Tap Changing Transformer
20. Concept of Power Factor Improvement - Power Triangle - Disadvantages -
Causes of Low Power Factor
21. Power Factor Improvement - Importance of
22. Power Factor Improvement Devices - Static Capacitors - Synchronous
Condenser - Phase Advancers
23. Power Factor Correction Calculation - Distribution Systems
24. Most Economical Power Factor - Distribution Systems
25. EHV AC Transmission - Necessity - Configuration - Advantages -
Disadvantages or Problems involved - Environmental Considerations - Standard
Rated Voltages
26. High Voltage Direct Current Transmission - Principle - Advantages -
Disadvantages - Types - Standard Rated Voltages
27. HVDC Substation - Terminal Equipments of a DC Transmission Line
28. Comparison between HVDC and HVAC Transmission - Distribution Systems
29. Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS) - Advantages of - Objectives of -
Types of
30. FACTS Devices - Static Shychronous Compensator (STATCOM) - Static VAR
Compensator (SVC) - Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor (TSCS) - Unified Power
Flow Controller (UPFC)
31. Two Marks Questions with Answers - Distribution Systems | Transmission and
Distribution

Unit V: (b) Substations and Grounding

1. Substations and Grounding
2. Introduction - Substations and Grounding
3. Classification of Substations - Substations and Grounding
4. comparison between indoor and outdoor substations
5. Symbols for Various Equipments used in Substation
6. Underground Substations
7. Pole Mounted Substations
8. Key Diagram of 66 kV / 11 kV Substation
9. Key Diagram of 11 kV / 400 V Indoor Substation
10. Gas Insulated Switchgear Substation (GIS) - Advantages
11. Air Insulated Switchgear Substation (AIS)
12. Introduction to Grounding
13. Ungrounded or Isolated Neutral System
14. Earthed Neutral System - Solid Grounding - Resistance Earthing - Reactance
Earthing - Resonant Grounding - Voltage Transformer Earthing Earthing
Transformers
15. Grounding Grids
16. Two Marks Questions with Answers - Substations and Grounding

AU Solved Paper
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2. AU Solved Paper - Semester - IV (EEE) (Regulation 2013)
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