You are on page 1of 21





  
 

 !  "#%$"
&'
(!)+*,).-0/+1!12436587:9;)=<?>@3ACB DACB

EF=GH  G?
I F=JLK=MNM
OP24QPR241,S+243JT4UCUWV

X0AC1,S+36>ZY+[C2,\IBP>Z]C243_^>ZR`5aBP[b>cBP2 243_>cBP[de24Q+Ab36Rf1,24BbR
g 3h/+1!QP>@BP[CRijBOPRf362 2 R
X0AC1,S+36>ZY+[C2X0kHlT mn
aBP[Co@ACBPY
a1!Ap>qosrt[jAC3u24BP[N)wv4AC1)xApvC)x/+y.zPBP>@3ACB DACB+u24BP[.)wv4AC1)xAWvC)x/+y


 "!#%$ &'#'()$
!#(*&#+',"$
&-$/.0
1234'!56$ 7+'#'8!#%$
'#'()7+''#9:4';
<=
12>*%?@4'7+A
&+'B12*&C8*D&+',6$ !(*+',=+ $
,FE -G'>*!#.0GD1#&+D( $ &GD&
G'#,&IH0'#&7J3,&7$
&5K8$
C
>:L$
.'E'!#B,%?:1+'#7+",:&,&&##>F"$
:MN%$
!OJ312*&!#G
:>:#&*':,%;@P+'&Q?0R#,G',7$
E'!#S&T 'G8+',I+':G',R&+'#(+BG'#U,&# $ !
*:&#:4'4',S,V$
7J3,&. $ ,%?R1+'#7+A&9:4'#&,N+'4',
R4''&#-$ .'.'&
T:#6$ &#"6(*'WJ
$ !#,2+'X#:*&"$
&#*Y!#%$ &:RE M5&+U,&M:,&Z;\[3+'#,&.0%?:+'X4',X ]E $ 7CJ3.'. $ ( $
#
'4'V$ ! '312*&C:,Y^_4'B!#+ $
%?<X#:&*$
'G`a!#!#L$
,bcde*f@,g',#G'&G6#+'#,:T:%;
`DSU,&#G'S$5 4UE  G'Oh]:Y$ !(*+',gE $
,GZ$
4'UGZijJWkl%$
'#'(8^L`-$ &C:#',
bcdc*f=E'#'GZ1#&+A&+UP\.07$
!m=Oh]'"$
!#(*&#&+Un^o4'&)b%c*dd*f?p#'!#4'GUU(q$
'1r$ !#(#&+'s^_K":G'OH G-tRU'*'#,&NijJ&kp%$ &'#'(:f?\$
'GDi5^u0f^_v@'(Z$ 'GD`)#!#!L$ ,
bcc
w:f;S[3D$
G'GU#x?01RN.',& $
!#(*&#+',R*Y$ .'.'!#M:U(&+U,&4'.0G $ &,I*:J3!#'FG'4'&#'(
&L$
!#,%?U4''!##CSE $ VC:1$
G6.'!L$M"4',&GZE:M6kl#y^b%c*czfR+ $
=&9:4'#,S1{$ #'(N4U #!x&+UI'G
 |%$ V+"&L$
!pE07*&I4'.0G $ &#'(5%$
":4';2}=:J3!#UY4U. G $ &#'(5#,R4'UG&E0IB&E'4U,&
N+'SV+U#S
\&V$ #'#'(N.0$
V$ &,R&+0$
"E $
7C:1$
&GB&.U!~$M:?'$
UG6$
!#,N0$
E'!#,+'I$
!#( J
+',R&E0S4',&G8#6:&#:4'4U,&!#M*. 7$
U(,&M:,&,1+'&I''G8
\&~$ !pUG'#&#',
:4U%;
`D5B. $
N+'. 3*&6$ '5
&+',&6$ !#(#&+'B,D$%$
!##,&#NE0I $>:#( $ &#
.'E'!#A?:1+'$,&#4'!L$ &GBEU!#=&E0=#,YV$ UG8&B(4'#G'F,&!O26$( $ !x.0,#
#A&+'.',&'"
2*E',&7$
!#,;P+U&E0S4',X!#MZ*Z!###&G6,',&MA_G'E $ 7C8
#&,S,4'&4''GUU(,%?\$
UG86$ CIG'#,&#',F&+ $ Y$
AE (*'7$
!##,&GA&8$
E'#&7$
&M€!~$M*4',S

*E',&7$
!#,;
P+',,4U!~$ &#U,,&+'
1&+ $ I:J3!##'N!#%$ &'#'("$
!#(*&#&+U,Y$ &!#,,I,&U,&#&#>"&+'
7+'*I
&7$
#'#'(. $ V$ &,=&+ $ 8E $
7C:1$
&G€&.'!L$M:? $ 'G"&+ $ X&+U‚$ !&0$
&#>*Y4U. G $ &
4'!#,
K8tijJWkD$ 'G8iN^_u f=$
YBX&*E'4',&+ $ 6,V$ 'G $
GZijJƒ!#%$ &'#'(54'.0G $
,%;

T
 

K      
  !#"$#  %'&( ) +* 
l+)@T ,.-0%/ 24AC3BP>@BP[ 12121312121412121312141212131212131212141212131212141213121213121214121 V
l+)xl g 241Q+ij3Apo de>65"243624BPv 27/%24AC3BP>@BP[8141212131212131212141212131212141213121213121214121 V
l+):9 a+; QPoZij3AWR>ZijB<12121312121412121312141212131212131212141212131212141213121213121214121 V
 3 = +>  @?A B&( C +* D
+9 )@T XHij1,SP>@BP>@BP[E,.-0%/ 24Ab3BP>@BP[ ACBPY g 241Q+ij3Apo"de>65 243_24BPv 23%/ 24AC3BP>@BP[F1213121213121214121 G
+9 )xl 9ijY+>6.H 2 Y X ijB+BP2 v R>ZijBP>Z^R2,.-0%/ 24AC3BP>@BP[I131212131212141212131212141213121213121214121 J
+9 ):9 ,K!LMN1412121312121312121412121312141212131212131212141212131212141213121213121214121 O
P Q %SRT + B&( C * U
D 7V+ +W= YX3 W=RZ#" [
+G )@T g\ 2-HijS iCRIatBC]P>@36ijB+1,24BbRN121312141212131212131212141212131212141213121213121214121 U
+G )xl a+; Q+2436>@1,24BbRfAWo de2 RfAW>ZoZ^E1412121312141212131212131212141212131212141213121213121214121 T]
+G ):9 -H2 ^f/PoZR^^12121312121312121412121312141212131212131212141212131212141213121213121214121 TCT
+G )wV kt2 ^RIXHijBbRf36ibo m iCoZ>Zv 5$121412121312141212131212131212141212131212141213121213121214121 TG
M EYT? B?? _# `>?aCR ? K+M
+J )@T 0b 24/+3_>q^hR>Zvm AC3Ab1,2 R2436^c1412121312141212131212131212141212131212141213121213121214121 T J
+J )xl ed B(- oZ>cBP2,] kHAWv yf0e AC3_Y8-H24QPo@A 5g12141212131212131212141212131212141213121213121214121 T O
+J ):9 XHij1!Q+Ab36>Z^ijBih \Q+Y.ApR2-0/PoZ2 ^ 141212131212131212141212131212141213121213121214121 TO
U 3 fRC? Zi C? Kj
 3&R@BCR&  *
^RT*@Wk@R@Z Al m &>? K[

l
   =
S2
9/Pv \ ih R \ 22e iP3yJY+ijBP2e>@BR \ 2e362 >@B(h iP36v 241,24BbR0oZ24AC3BP>@BP[ oZ>ZR243ApRf/+362/P^2 ^0Y+>Z^v43_2 R2e^RfAWRh2 - ^fQ+AWv 2 ^4z
e0>ZR \ oZie Y+>c124BP^>ZijB+AWo>@B+Q+/PR - ^ Q+AWv 2 ^4) g.\ >q^J>Z^S+2 v4Ab/P^2!v4/+33624BbR362 >@B(hsij36v 241,24BbRoZ24AC3BP>@BP[ AWoZ[Ci-
36>ZR \ 1,^e362 =/P>@362J2Aj; Rh24BP^>Z]C2!3624Q+24AWRh2 Y ^24AC3_v \ 2 ^ih R \ 2^R AWR2 - ^fQ+AWv 2e>@Bij36Y+243 Ri Q+36ijQ+Ap[jAWR2e>@B(hsij3!-
1!AWR>ZijB;ACS ij/PR!R \ 2 Q+A 5Cia5 ^,A ] AW>Zo@ACSPoZ2CzIACBPY;^hi ^f1!AWoZoZ243^RfAWR2 - ^ Q+AWv 2 ^,v4ACB;S+22A=; AC1>cBP2 Y 1,ij362
24AW^>ZoZ5C);*IoZ^iNz=h 3_ij1 AR \ 2 ij362 Rh>qv4Apo Q iC>@BCRih ]P>Z2Ae ztR \ 2 iPBPoq5 Q+3_ijish ^,iIh v ijBb]C2436[b24BPv 2 A4]WAW>Zo@ACSPoZ2
h ij3?362 >@B(h ij3_v 241,24BCReoZ24AC3hBP>cBP[ Apoq[bij36>ZR \ 1,^eAC362S+AW^h2 Y iPB>@B(h iP31!AWR>ZijBS+2 >@BP[^RiP362 Y 2A+; QPoZ>qv >ZRoZ5 AWR
24AWv \ ^R AWR2C)20b iHe 2 ]C243 zN>ZRe>Z^eY+2 ^>@3ACSPoZ2 Rhi 2AP; R24BPY 362 >@B(h iP36v 241,24BbRoZ24AC3BP>@BP[ Apoq[bij36>ZR \ 1,^RiYHe ij3y
2 v >Z24BCRoZ5>@Bo@AC36[C2,^R AWR2 - ^fQ+AWv 2 ^ z+e \ >Zv \ 362 +/P>@362 ^   "!Ri8S 2!/P^2 Y Ri^fQ+3624AWY>@B(sh ij3!-
1!AWR>ZijBS 2 R0He 2 24B^>@1,>Zo@AC30^hRfAWR2 ^4z+ACBPY \ 24BPv 23_2 Y./Pv 2R \ 2eAC1,ij/+BbRHih >@B(sh ij31!AWRh>qiPBR \ AWR01,/P^R0S+2
v iCoZoq2 v Rh2 Y") g\ >Z^0>Z^I2 ^fQ 2 v >@AWoZoq5>@1!Q ij36RfACBbRH>@BR \ 2Jv4AW^2ei$h #%!& "'!'(    )*,+-#%. zBe \ 243_2R \ 24362
AC362H2 "5 2 v R>Z]C2 oZ5 ACBJ>@B(H BP>qRh2Bj/+1,S+243 ih ^hRfAWR2 ^4zWACBPY!R \ 2IQ+36ijS+ACSP>ZoZ>ZR65!ih 2 ]b243 362 Rf/+3BP>@BP[Rhie2A=; AWv Rhoq5
R \ 2^fAb1,2^R AWR2e2 ]C243AW[jAW>@B>Z^BP2 [CoZ>Z[C>@SPoZ2C) / BR \ 2 ^2v4Ap^2 ^4zN[C24BP243AWoZ>Z^fAWR>ZijBih 2A+; Q+243_>q24BPv 2>q^eBPiCR
ijBPoZ5Y+2 ^>@3ACSPoZ2Cz S+/PReA,BP2 v 2 ^^>ZR65C)
/ B R \ >Z^!3624Q+iP36R4zH e 2!2A+; AC1,>@BP2R \ 2/P^2i1h 02# 3)+4!+- 5 "!67'8&97 :;!23eRi^Rij3_2 R \ 2
>cB(sh ij31AWR>ZijBoZ24AC3BbRISb5!R \ 23,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[AWoZ[Cij36>ZR \ 1 =K < AWRfyb>@BP^T4U>CU( M )k%/ >@B 6K T4UCUf9(M 2A+; AC1,>@BP2 Y R \ 2
/P^2ih BP24/+3hAWo BP2 R He ij3yb^!>@B R \ >Z^v ijBbR2Aj; R z0ACBPY Q+36iW]P>ZY+2 Y Apoq[bij36>ZR \ 1,^`h iP3,Rf3AW>@BP>@BP[ S+AW^2 Y ijB
R \ 2 >ZY+24Ai?h 02# 3@:;AB+4CWz=e \ >Zv \ >@BC]biCoZ]C2 ^,^Rij36>@BP[R \ 2!^hRfAWR2 `- AWv Rh>qiPB Q+AW>@36^,]j>Z^>ZR2 Y Sb5 R \ 2
^5j^hR241 /+BbR>Zo R \ 2J24BPY iah A!Rf3_>cApoke \ 24BR \ 2!362A0e AC3_Y+^IAC362!yPBPi e B%z ACBPYR \ 24B3624QPo@A 5j>@BP[R \ 241 >@B
362 ]C2436^2ij36Y+243JRiRf3AW>@B R \ 2BP2 R He ij3yN)D/ B R \ >Z^ 3_24Q+ij36R z \ iHe 2 ]C243 z=He 2 \ A4]b2 2A+; AC1,>@BP2 Y;R \ 2/P^2
ih Apoq[bij36>ZR \ 1,^!R \ AWR,v4ACB;S+2ACQ+QPoZ>q2 YE!F)8"4z >cB R \ 2^24BP^2R \ AWR!R \ 2 /+Q Y.AWR2 ^!Ri R \ 2 BP24/+3AWo
BP2 R0He ij3hyC^AC3_2 1!ApY+2IAWR24Apv \ R>@1,2^R24Q,Y./+36>@BP[!R \ 2IRf3_>cApo zB0e >ZR \ iP/PRR \ 2eBP2 2 Y Rhi^RiP362IACBb5,^RfAWR2 -
AWv R>ZijBe>@B(sh ij31!ApR>ZijB%)G< 2^ \ ie R \ AWR >@Bv iP1!Q+AC36>Z^ijB0e >ZR \ S+AWv yf0e AC36Y3_24QPocA 5CzWijB(- oZ>@BP2I/+Q Y.AWR2 ^AC362
S+2 RR243?AWR0v ijBb]C2436[C>@BP[!Rhi!ijQPR>@1!AWo"Q iCoZ>qv >Z2 ^Ji ]b243 A 0e >ZY+243I3AbBP[C2eih Rf3AW>@BP>@BP[ Q+AC3Ab1,2 R243H]WAWo@/P2 ^4)
< 2,AWoZ^i 2A+; AC1,>@BP2,iCR \ 243 h ij3h1,^Iiah /+Q Y.AWR2!3/PoZ2,R \ ACBR \ 2^RfAbBPY.AC36Yc,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[ Apoq[bij36>ZR \ 1z
>cBbRf36iPY./Pv >@BP[ A BP2Ae Apoq[bij36>ZR \ 1 e \ >qv \ e 2v4AWoZo9ijY+>6.H 2 Y;XHijB+BP2 v R>ZijBP>Z^R,.-0%/ 24Ab3BP>@BP[.zACBPY 2A;(-
R24BPY+>@BP[c,K!LM3sK m 24BP[ ACBPYH< >qoZoZ>@AC1,^!T4UbUWV'M%h iP3I/P^240e >ZR \ v iPBCR>@BP/Pij/P^.h /+BPv R>ZijBACQ+Q+36iP; >c1AWRij36^ )
g\ 2 AWoZ[CiP36>ZR \ 1,^ AC362 241!QP>@36>Zv4AWoZoZ5,R2 ^R2 YJijBA01ijSP>Zoq2036iPS+iCR Q+3_ijSPoZ241ze \ 24362HA0^>@1,/Po@AWR2 Y,1,ijSP>ZoZ2
36ijS+ibR0>Z^0Rf3AW>@BP2 YRi![j/P>ZY+2>ZR^h2 o:h RhiA[CijAWo"Q+ib^>ZR>ZijB>cBA,lWd 24BC]P>@36ijB+1,24BbR4)
g\ 2 3_241!AW>@BPY+243Jih R \ >Z^,3624Q+ij3_R>Z^,ij36[jACBP>Z^2 Y AW^^h iboqoZi0e ^4rJ^2 v R>ZijB l>@BCR 36ijY./Pv 2 ^,R \ 2S+AW^>Zv ^
ih 362 >@B(sh ij36v 241,24BbR oZ24AC3hBP>cBP[ ACBPY ,.- oq24Ab3BP>@BP[.z^h2 v R>ZijB 9 Y+>Z^v4/P^^2 ^v ijB+BP2 v Rh>qiPBP>q^hR ,.- oZ24AC3hBP>cBP[
ACBPY>cBbRf36iPY./Pv 2 ^R \ 2 AWoZR243B+AWRh>q]b2/+Q Y.AWR2 3h/Poq2 ^ z ACBPY^2 v R>ZijBV2A=; QPo@AW>@BP^R \ 2!ijB(- oZ>@BP28/+Q Y.AWR>@BP[
AWoZ[Cij36>ZR \ 1)tOP2 v R>ZijBP^ ! G ACBPYc,J Q+362 ^h24BCR0R \ 2362 ^f/PoZR^IACBPYY+>Z^v4/P^h^>ZijBP^eih R \ 2e2A+; Q+243_>c124BCR^ijBR \ 2
36ijS+ibRIQ+36ijSPoZ241z.AbBPYYH B+AWoZoZ5^2 v R>ZijB ,O [C>Z]C2 ^0R \ 2ev iPBPv oc/P^h>qiPBP^4)
I J K 
M L $ NP O mE  QYK RPk 
 S
/ B!362 >@B(sh ij36v 241,24BbRoZ24AC3hBP>cBP[!Q+36iPSPoq241^4z+A^v4AWo@AC3 ] Apoc/P2v4AWoZoZ2 Y AT+UC@!V >Z^ 362 v 2 >Z]C2 YSC5JR \ 20v ijBbRf36ibo
^5j^hR241 h iP3 Rf3ACBP^>ZR>ZijBP^=h 36ij1 iPBP2 ^hRfAWR2HRieACBPiCR \ 243 ) g.\ 2IAW>@1 ih R \ 2 ^h5j^Rh241 >q^tRi^H BPY Av ijBbRf36ibo
Q+iCoZ>Zv 5Ye \ >Zv \ 1Aj; >@1,>Z^2 ^?R \ 2I2A+; Q+2 v Rh2 YYh /PRf/+362Y+>q^hv ij/+BCRh2 Y^f/+1'ih Q+A 5Ci"5 ^ 3_2 v 2 >q]b2 Y"z.yjBPiIe BAW^
R \ 2 '%N)
g\ 2W'5YX '57# "!!>Z^eA!Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijBih R \ 2,362 Rf/+3BA ]WAW>ZocAbSPoq24h 36ij1'24AWv \ ^RfAWRh2Cz
Z "K []\ Y
M ^`_ba6d c e i \kj e5l 6K T M
e%f7gh
e \ 24362 i \ >Z^0R \ 2Q+A 5Ci5 362 v 2 >Z]C2 YYsh ij3tR \ 2eRf3hACBP^>ZR>ZijB`h 36ij1'^RfAWRh2I]C2 v Rhij3Y[N\ Rhi?[]\kj]m ACBPY >Z^IR \ 2
A #!'577Xn# ! Kp ] o o T M )<0ibR2R \ ApR Z "K [N\)0M R \ 243_2 h ij3_23624Q+362 ^h24BCR^R \ 2JY+>q^hv ij/+BCRh2 Y h ^f/+1 ih
h
9
Q+A45bi 5"^ 362 v 2 >Z]C2 Y h 36iP1 R>@1,2e^Rh24Q(!:;A@ z+ACBPYR \ AWRtR \ >Z^0^f/+1 e?>qoZo"Y+24Q 24BPY ijBR \ 2^2 +/P24BPv 2
ihApv R>ZijBP^!RfACyp24B K R \ 2 Q+iboq>Zv 5M ) g\ 2v ijBCR 36iCoH^5P^R241 >Z^8362 +/P>@362 Y Ri H BPY R \ 2Q+iCoZ>Zv 5 e \ >qv \
1!A ;P>c1>q^h2 ^ Z K"[N\)MH>@B24Apv \ ^R AWR2C)
  

/ B )%"K"< ApRfyC>@BP^T U>CUfM R \ 2e>ZY+24A!>Z^Ri,oq24Ab3B ) X '57# "!.z e \ >Zv \ >Z^eA!Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijBiah R \ 2
362 Rf/+3BAW^^hijv >@AWR2 Y e0>ZR \ 24AWv \ AWv Rh>qiPB >@B24AWv \ ^RfAWRh2C) g\ >Z^Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijB v4ACBS+2 /+Q Y.AWR2 Y
e0>ZR \ 362 ^ Q+2 v R0RiR \ 2Q+362 Y+>Zv R2 Y 362 Rf/+3Biah R \ 2BP2A;PR0^R AWR2e]P>q^h>qRh2 Y"z
EK=[N\"!# \)MY^ i \$ Z K"[N\kj]mSM Ksl(M
h
*I^HR \ 2eiW]C243Apoqo"AW>@1'i h R \ 2e^5j^hR241'>q^?Ri!1!A ;P>c1>q^h2eR \ 2 Q+A 5Cai 5^H362 v 2 >Z]C2 Y"zNR \ 2Iv4/+3h3624BCR?2 ^R>@1!AWR2
ih Z K"[ \ Mti hA,^RfApR2I>Z^[C>Z]C24B Sb51!A ;&%('*)+EK"[ \ !#' M zP^i, 2 +/+AWR>ZijBl!S+2 v ij12 ^4z
YK"[N\,!-& \ MP^ i \.$ 1%/'0A ) ; YK"[N\kj]m1!-B M K)9(M
h
g\ >Z^>Z^JR \ 2D!7 ),  +N,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[ /+Q+Y.ApR2!2 +/+AWR>ZijB%z=e \ >Zv \ \ AW^,S+2 24B ^ \ iIe BRi v ijBb]C2436[b23hsij3
H BP>qRh2 - ^RfAWR29 AC3hyWiW]j>@ACB Q+3_ijSPoZ241,^e \ 24B;AoZijiPyj/+Q RfAbSPoq2>Z^ /P^h2 Y;Ri^Rij362R \ 2] AWo@/P2 ^ihIR \ 2
,.-)h /+BPv R>ZijB K"< AWRfyb>@BP^T4U>bUfM )deBPv 2,R \ 2 ,.-)h /+BPv R>ZijB \ AW^v ijBb]C2436[C2 Y"zNR \ 2iPQPR>@1!AWo Q+iCoZ>Zv 5>q^Ri
RfACyW2JR \ 2AWv Rh>qiPB >@B24AWv \ ^R AWR23e?>qR \ R \ 2 \ >Z[ \ 2 ^RQ+362 Y+>Zv R2 Y 362 Rf/+3B%) g\ >Z^e>q^ev4ApoqoZ2 Y R \ 2 5%A&C
Q+iCoZ>Zv 5C)
2 34 6587:9;<>=@?ACB4 < ED. F
4 6><EG
a; +/+AWR>ZijBI9 >Z^ ACB /+Q+Y.ApR2 S+AW^2 Y ijB R \ 26 IH$+-! A V # K O+/PRRijB T4U>>fMS+2 R eH2 24B R \ 2
v4/+33624BbR ACBPY BP2A;PR Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijB ih 362 R /+3B%) b?i eH2 ]C243 z R \ 2 BP2A;PR Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijB_e?>qoZov \ AbBP[C2Ye \ 24B
\kj]m>Z^I/+Q Y.AWR2 Y"zBe \ >Zv \ >@1!QPoZ>Z2 ^IR \ ApRE \ ^ \ ij/PoZY S+2eAWYWD/P^R2 YRiRfAbyW20R \ >Z^H>@BCRi,AWv v ij/+BbR4) *I^0A
[C24BP243AWo.3/PoZ2CzbR \ 24362 hsij362CzW24AWv \ BPA2 e R241!Q ij3AWoPY+6> 5"243624BPv 2 e?>qoZo+2 5"2 v RBPiCR%D/P^R R \ 2Ho@AW^RQ+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijB%z
S+/Pp R " Q+3_2 ]j>Zij/P^,Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijBP^4) .g \ >q^,362 ^f/PoZR^J>cBR \ 2 g 241!Q+ij3hAWo de6> 5243_24BPv 2!oZ24AC3BP>@BP[ AWoZ[Cij36>ZR \ 1
e \ >Zv \ v4ACBS+2,ACQ+QPoZ>q2 YRi^fQ+2 2 Y/+Qv ijBb]C2436[C24BPv 2eai h ^ 2 +/P24BbR>@AWo Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijBRfAW^ yC^4)
/
B h AWv R4zWO+/PRRijB>@BCRf3_ijY./Pv 2 ^ACBJ24BbR>@362 h AC1,>ZoZ5,i h.AWoZ[Cij36>ZR \ 1,^ v4ApoqoZ2 Y g Qd K!LM Az e \ 24362 ] oIL o T
>q^!A e 2 >Z[ \ R>@BP[ iPBR \ 2362 oZ2 ] ACBPv 2i h0362 v 24BbRRh241!Q+ij3hAWo Y+6> 5243_24BPv 2 ^Rhi 24AC36oZ>Z243,Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijBP^4c ) b?2
^f/P[C[C2 ^Rh^0R \ AWR0/P^>@BP[oqi eH243H]WAWo@/P2 ^Ii hmL83_2 Y./Pv 2 ^IR \ 2e]WAC36>@ACBPv 2Ji h R \ 2Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijBP^e^2 24B Sb524AWv \
^RfAWR2CG) /sR \ AW^S+2 24B,^ \ i eB!SC5JdA 5jACQ B K_T4UCUCfl M R \ AWR g Q d K!LM%v ijBb]C2436[C2 =^ hsiji3 H BP>ZR2 - ^RfApR209 AC3yWiW]P>@ACB
Q+36ijSPoZ241,^4z%S+/PRIBPi Q+36iPi h A2 ;j>Z^Rhm^ h iP3Hv ijBbR>@Bj/Pij/P^?^5j^hR241,^4)
KJ +L ME7E=9N6OPQ9;
g\ 23624Ap^ijB`hsij3HRfACyb>@BP[ 2A;+QPoZij3AWRhij365AWv R>ZijBP^>q^R \ AWR?>qR>Z^BPiCRIQ iC^^>@SPoZ24h ij3?R \ 23,.-)h /+BPv R>ZijBP^eRi
oq24Ab3B 6> hIR \ 2 AWv R>ZijB e0>ZR \ R \ 2 \ >Z[ \ 2 ^RREK=[N\"!#\)Me>Z^,v \ iC^24B AWRAWoZoHR>@1,2 ^4z AW^4z Y./+36>@BP[ R 3AW>@BP>@BP[.z
iCR \ 243!AWv Rh>qiPBP ^ e0>ZR \ oZi e 243?+4%A"# AQ+A 5Ci5"^!1!A 5 >@B h AWv R!S+2 S 2 RR243 ) g\ 21,2 R \ iPY /P^2 Y;Ri
^2 oZ2 v R Apv R>ZijBP^ \ AW^ AY+>c3_2 v R 2 5"2 v RtijB!R \ 2I3AWR2AWR e \ >Zv \ R \ 2I362 >@B(h iP36v 241,24BbR oZ24AC3hBP>cBP[AWoZ[Cij36>ZR \ 1
e0>Zoqotv ijBb]C2436[C2!Rhi ACBijQPR>@1!ApoQ+iCoZ>Zv 5C) /sY+24AWoZoZ5Cz R \ 2!^h5j^Rh241 ^ \ ij/PoZY iPBPoq5 v \ iPiC^2,Ri Q 243!h iP31 A
BPij(B - [j362 2 Y+5 Apv R>ZijB,6> h">qRto@AWv yb^Hv ij(B H.Y+24BPv 2>cBR \ 20v4/+3h3624BCRt[j362 2 Y+5!Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijB%)t*IoZR \ iP/P[ \ ] Ab36>Zij/P^
1,2 R \ iPY+^ \ A4]b2S+2 24B^f/P[C[C2 ^Rh2 c Y hsij3/P^2,>@B Y+>Z^v43_2 R2!^RfApR2 - ^fQ+AWv 2J^5j^hR241,Q ^ K g \ 3h/+B T4UCUbfl M zNR \ 2 5
AC362BPiCR0[b24BP243AWoZoZ5 ACQ+QPoZ>qv4AbSPoq2Ri,^5j^hR241,^I/P^>@BP[v ijBbR>@Bj/Pij/P ^ h /+BPv R>ZijBACQ+Q+36i ;P>c1AWRij36^ )

V
I273K=
S2
S
#QYKRPk
 S
/%24AC3BP>@BP[R \ 27,.-)h /+BPv R>ZijB362 +/P>@362 ^e^ij121,2 R \ iPY iah ^Rhij36>@BP[ R \ 2v4/+33624BbReQ+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijBP^AWR24AWv \
^RfAWR2ish ij3%24AWv \ AWv R>ZijB%zWACBPY/+Q Y.AWR>@BP[R \ 241 AW^ BP2Ae >cB(sh ij31AWR>ZijB>Z^ [PAWR \ 24362 Y") OPRij36>@BP[IAH^h24Q+AC3AWR2
] AWo@/P2.h ij3 24AWv \ ^RfAWRh2 `- AWv R>ZijB!Q+AW>@3 =/P>Zv yCoZ5S+2 v ij1,2 ^H>@1!Q+3Apv R>Zv4AWohsij3Q+3_ijSPoZ241,^me0>ZR \ o@AC36[C2?^RfAWR2 -
^fQ+AWv 2 ^4z0ACBPY h iP3,v ijBbR>@Bj/Pij/P^^RfApR2 - ^fQ+AWv 2 ^!>Z^^>@1!QPoZ5 BPiCRQ+iC^^h>cSPoZ2C) g\ 24362 sh ij362CzHR \ 24362>Z^R \ 2
BP2 2 Y Ri /P^h2!^ij1,2 h ij3h1 ih h /+BPv R>ZijB ACQ+Q+36ij; >@1!ApR>ZijB e \ >Zv \ [C24BP243AWoZ>Z^2 ^!Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijBP^!S+2 R eH2 24B
^RfAWR2 ^ z=AbBPYR \ /P^Q+36iW]j>ZY+2 ^eQ+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijBP^e2 ]C24B>@B^>ZRf/+AWR>ZijBP^0R \ AWR \ A ]C2BP2 ]C2430S 2 24B2A+; Q+2436>Z24BPv 2 Y
S+2 sh ij362C)I<?24/+3AWo BP2 R0He ij3hyC^4z ij3 ' )NC@
#+4 !F z+Q+36iW]P>qY+2,^f/Pv \ Av ijBbR>@Bj/PiP/P^h /+BPv R>ZijB
ACQ+Q+36ij; >@1!ApR>ZijB!Rh2 v \ BP> +/P2Cz.ACBPY \ A4]b2IR \ 2eAWY+]WACBCR AW[C20ih ^v4AWoZ>@BP[He 2 oqo%RiJo@AC36[C2>@B+Q+/PRIACBPY^RfAWR2 -
^fQ+AWv 2 ^ sK /+BPoZ>@yW2Cz#sh ij3t>@BP^RfACBPv 2Cz%XH9*IXH^3K *o@S+/P^T4U&>+TtM ij3H-0AWY+>@AWo kHAW^>Z^ %/+BPv R>ZijBP^ M )
/ BJij3_Y+243"Ri3624Q+362 ^24BbR R \ 2 ,.-)h /+BPv R>ZijB!/P^h>cBP[BP24/+3hAWo=BP2 R He ij3yb^4z 2 >ZR \ 243 A?^>@BP[CoZ2IBP2 R He ij3y.0e >ZR \
 ij/PRfQ+/PR^J>Z^ 362 +/P>c3_2 Y"z ij3  ^24Q+AC3AWRh2 BP2 R e iP3yC^ z"24AWv \ ?e >qR \ A^>@BP[CoZ2ij/PRfQ+/PR ) .iCoZoZi0e >@BP[
%/ >@B$6K T UCUClf M zHe 2Hv \ iC^2Ri3624Q+362 ^24BbRR \ 2 ,.-)h /+BPv Rh>qiPB/P^>@BP[ijBP2IBP24/+3hAWo BP2 R He ij3y h ij3 24AWv \ AWv R>ZijB%z
e \ >Zv \ A ]CiC>ZY+^eR \ 2 \ >ZY+Y+24B;BPiPY+2 ^362 v 2 >Z]P>cBP[v ijB.>Zv R>@BP[ 243h36ij3^>Z[jB+AWoZ^h 36iP1 Y+>:"5 243624BbRiP/PRfQ+/PR^4)
0b iHe 2 ]C243 z R \ 2ijB(- oZ>@BP20AWoZ[Cij36>ZR \ 1,^ Q+362 ^24BbR2 Y>@Be^h2 v R>ZijBJV0v4ACBeS+2HACQ+QPoZ>Z2 Y!Ri02 >ZR \ 243 AC36v \ >ZR2 v m Rf/+362C)
%/ >@B 6K T UCUClf0M /P^h2 Y R \ 2iPBP2 - ^R24Q ,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[ 2 +/+AWR>ZijB 9 Riv4AWoZv4/Po@AWR2!R \ 2,2433_ij30>@B \ ACBPY
/+Q+Y.AWR2JR \ 2BP24/+3AWo BP2 R0He ij3hy7He 2 >q[ \ R^\AWv v ij36Y+>@BP[!Rhi.z
\ i \.$ 1!%/'0A) ; \kj]mA\N \ K VBM
h
e \ 24362 >q^JR \ 2 %"H#%!Fn & ACBPY!;\ >Z^,A]C2 v Rij3iHh R \ 2,ij/PRfQ+/PRe[j3hAWY+>Z24BCR^"6 \$#%"'& \
v4AWoZv4/PocApR2 Y SC5S+AWv y`- Q+36iPQ+AW[jAWR>ZijB%)
J ( 9;5*)  
 ,+ 34 6587:9;=:?F2B4 6 D. A
4 6EQ
/ B ij36Y+243eRhi ^fQ 2 2 Y /+Q Rf3AW>@BP>@BP[.zG< AWR yC>@BP^cK6T4U>bUfM0^ /P[C[C2 ^R^Jv ij1,SP>@BP>cBP[N,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[Ne?>qR \ g d^-
oq24Ab3BP>@BP[ K ^2 v R>ZijBl+)xlfM )Y/ BR \ >q^.hsij31,/Po@AWR>ZijB%z+R \ 2Jv4/+33624BbRI/+Q+Y.ApR2,24336ij3t>Z^/P^2 Y Rhi AWYWD/P^RIBPiCR
ijBPoZ5 R \ 2!v4/+33624BbRe2 ^R>@1!AWRh2!ih \`z S+/PRAWoZ^iR \ AWReih Q+3_2 ]j>Zij/P^J^RfAWR2 ^ z"SC5 yW2 24QP>@BP[ A eH2 >Z[ \ R2 Y
^f/+1 i h 24AC36oZ>Z2430243h36ij3H[j3hAWY+>Z24BCR^ z
A\  d !K L M \$- e  ;
\
\  i \$ 1!%/'0A) ; \kj]m e )K G(M
h ef7g h
e \ 24362 L eH2 >Z[ \ R^,R \ 2362 oZ2 ] ACBPv 2ihIR \ 2 v4/+33_24BCR,24336iP3iPB 24AC36oZ>Z243,.- ] AWo@/P2Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijBP^4) g\ 2
ijBP2 - ^R24Q ,.- oq24Ab3BP>@BP[ 2 +/+AWR>ZijB>q^R \ 24362 hsij362A^fQ+2 v >@AWo >@BP^RfACBPv 2Jih R \ >Z^2 =/+AWRh>qiPBYe \ 243627L. +] )
/%>@B K6T4UbUf9fMe3624Q ij36R^,R \ AWR,/P^>@BP[ R \ >Z^4h iP31 ihI/+Q+Y.AWR2 hsij3v ijB+BP2 v R>ZijBP>Z^RY,.- oq24Ab3BP>@BP[Ne0>ZR \
L0/ ]362 ^f/PoZR^>cB h AW^R243?v ijBb]C2436[C24BPv 2JR \ ACBR \ 2,ijBP2 - ^R24Q ,.- oq24Ab3BP>@BP[ AWoZ[Cij3_>qR \ 1) b?ie 2 ]b243 z \ 2
ACQ+QPoZ>q2 ^e2 +/+AWR>ZijBYG/P^>@BP[ R \ 2h iboqoZie0>@BP[ AWoZ[CiP36>ZR \ 1z21
 \34K 65\ F \ 7M 8>\ K)J(M
e \ 24362Cz
5\  i \.$  _K T L.M 1!%/'0A) ; \kj]m$ .L 5\kj]m  K)O(M
36ij1 2 +/+AWR>ZijB70O >ZR v4ACB,S 2 ^h2 24BR \ AWR h 24Apv \ 5\ Y+24Q+24BPY+^H362 v4/+36^>Z]C2 oZ5,ijBh /PR /+362E 5\ ]WAWo@/P2 ^4zfe \ >qv \
1,24ACBP^R \ AWRe/+Q+Y.AWR>@BP[v4ACBijBPoZ5 iPv v4/+3IApRIR \ 2J24BPYih 24AWv \ Rf36>@AWos)\IBbR>Zo R \ 24B%z%AWoZo ^R AWR2 `- AWv R>ZijB
;9 :=<?>A@;BDC@FE$>HG;I2JA@$KMLN EPOQCFCSRUTVJUEPK2>7<QWSXZYF[\K2W'TVW$CSB
JUWJ,<V>UE$J]EPK2>A<VJAI^WPOQ>7@;EPOQJ7<QBL>7@_Y,`ab[cedD[Pfg
hSi'OjK2WK2WkJ7I2W$>lEPOQCJAI2m]>A@$K2EPOVnoTQW$CpBqDNi'OD@$Tj< KM<
OjK2Wsr'>A@$t >7<
GS>7<j<VCSGSEPK2>7<jK2W$EukvI2CSJA@$<DKM<Qm CUg mjg`i'Oj@$TD<wpxUxUyzfg
G
Q+AW>@36^01/P^hR S+2^RiP362 Y"zjACBPYR \ 24BQ+362 ^24BbR2 Y>cBAJR241!Q ij3AWoZoZ5 02# 3@:;AIiP36Y+243 Ri,Q+36ijQ+AW[PAWR20R \ 2
Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijB24336ij36^Hv ij3h362 v RoZ5C) g.\ >q^?>q^v4AWoZoZ2 Y 0 #.3 :;A +4CW)
/ B^2 v R>ZijBJ^
V e 2Q+3_2 ^24BCRApoq[bij36>ZR \ 1,^ Ri0>@1!QPoZ241,24BbR 2 =/+ApR>ZijB7G0Y+>@362 v RoZ5h ij3 !-) " /+Q Y.AWR2 ^4z
ACBPY ^i 36241,iW]C2R \ 2 3_ 2 =/P>@36241,24BbRRi e0AW>ZR8/+BbR>ZoIR \ 2 24BPY ih24AWv \ Rf36>@AWos) g\ >Z^ 36241i ]b2 ^ R \ 2
BP2 v 2 ^^>ZR65 Ri^Rhij362^RfAWR2 -`Apv R>ZijB;Q+AW>@36^4z iP32 ]b24B Ri \ A4]b2 ACB 24BPY;iah Rf3_>cApo v iPBPY+>qRh>qiPB%z AW^24AWv \
R241!Q+iP3AWo"Y+6> 5"243624BPv 2,24336ij3 >q^e/P^2 Y>c11,2 Y+>@AWR2 oZ5C)0*^IR \ 2A2 ;+Q+2436>@1,24BbR^e^ \ iezPR \ >Z^AWoZ^i 3_2 ^f/PoZR^
>cBoZ2 ^^I^h24BP^>ZR>Z]j>ZR65Ri!R \ 2eoZ24AC3hBP>cBP[ Q+Ab3AC1,2 R243_^ hsij3tR \ 2J^5j^hR241 Ri,v ijBb]C2436[C2C)
*eB>@1!Q+ij3_RfACBbRQ+ib>cBbRAbS+ij/PRJ 2 =/+AWRh>qiPB G>Z^,R \ AWRe>ZR,>Z^BPiCR,ARf3/P2 g ^d - oZ24AC3BP>@BP[ AWoZ[Cij36>ZR \ 1
/+BPoq2 ^h^ R \ 2 5%A&C Q+iboq>Zv 5;>Z4^ h iboqoZi eH2 Y"z>s)w2C) R \ 2R241!Q+iP3AWoY+6> 5"243624BPv 224336ij367^ e0>ZoZoIBPiCR!AWY+Y;/+Q
v ij3362 v RoZ5Cz
dc e  i \"j $ 1%/'0A ) ; \kj e j]m\kj e  d c e i \"j e \ K >(M
e
ef7g h h ef7g h
/+BPoq2 ^h^ R \ 2 AWv Rh>qiPB v ij3362 ^ Q+ijBPY+>@BP[ Ri 1A ;&%('*)+EK"[ \ !- \ M>Z^ Q 24!3 h iP31,2 Y AWR2 ]C24365 R>@1,2 ^R24Q%)
< AWRfyb>@BP^3_2 v iC[jBP>Z^2 Y R \ >q^ zACBPY;^f/P[C[b2 ^R2 Y ^2 RR>@BP[ L  ] e \ 24BP2 ]C243BPij(B - [j362 2 Y+5;AWv R>ZijBP^!AC362
Q+24!3 hsij31,2 Y KsAW^J>Z^BP2 v 2 ^h^fAC365 hsij3A2 ;=QPoZij3ApR>ZijB  ^2 2^2 v R>ZijB;l+6) 9fM ) .g \ >q^>q^,^iP1,2 R>@1,2 ^>Z[jBPiP362 Y"z
ACBPY ^A H;P2 Y L /P^2 Y"z+S+/PRA2 ;+Q+2436>@1,24BbR^ \ A ]C20^ \ i eIB,R \ AWR R \ >Z^Hoq24ApY+^ RhiA1,ij3_2I/+B+362 oZ>@ACSPoZ2eRf3AW>@(B -
>cBP[ 1,2 R \ iPY;R \ ACB R \ iC^2^Rf/PY+>Z2 Y \ 243_2CB ) /sR!>Z
^ eHij36R \ BPiCR>@BP[.z \ i eH2 ]C243 z R \ AWR />cB  ^ S+AWv fy e0AC36Y
3624QPo@A45 2 =/+ApR>ZijBPQ^ K)J+z OfM.e0>ZR \ LYH;P2 Y AC362J>@B h Apv R ACB>@1!QPoZ241,24BbRfAWR>ZijBi h ,K!LM K ^2 v R>ZijB 9+:) 9fM z
ACBPY BPiCR0i h 2 +/+AWR>Zijc B G4e0>ZR \ H;j2 Y L")
J2  9F+E + ( ;9 E 6D OPQ9;E IO /
EQ
g\ 2p +/P2 ^R>ZijB >Z^7e \ 2 R \ 243,1!A; %('0) EK"[E!#'Me3_24AWoZoq5 Q+36iW]j>ZY+2 ^,R \ 2S+2 ^R,2 ^R>@1!ApR2!ih0R \ 2362 Rf/+3B
ihR \ 2^hRfAWR2 [) / BR \ 2J24AC36oZ5^RfAp[C2 ^0ih oZ24AC3BP>@BP[.z%R \ 27,.-)h /+BPv R>ZijB]WAWo@/P2 ^eih AWv R>ZijBP^R \ AWR \ A ]C2
BPiCR S+2 24B 2A;+QPoZij362 Y >Z^oZ>cyp2 oq5 Ri S 2 v iP1!QPoZ2 R2 oZ5 eI36iPBP[.zACBPY 2 ]C24B;>@B;R \ 2 o@AWRR243^RfAW[C2 ^ zR \ 2
1!A;P>c1,/+1 ] Apoc/P2>Z^!1,ij3_2 oZ>@yW2 oZ5;Ri S 28AbB iW]C24!3 - 2 ^hR>@1!AWR>ZijB ih0R \ 2Rf3/P2362 Rf/+3B A ] AW>Zo@ACSPoZ2 KsAW^
AC36[j/P2 Y>@B g\ 3/+BACBPY OPv \ e0AC36R 7
K6T4UCfU 9(MSM ') /+3_R \ 243 zPR \ 2e/+Q+Y.AWR23h/Poq2.hsij3m,.- oq24Ab3BP>@BP[ v ij1,SP>@BP2 Y
e0>ZR \ Rh241!Q+ij3hAWo.Y+6> 5"243624BPv 21,2 R \ iPY+^036 2 +/P>c3_2 2^ L!RiS 2
2436iP2 Y ijB2 ]C24365^R24QR \ AWR AJBPij(B - [j362 2 Y+5
AWv R>ZijB>q^?RfACyW24B%) *^ h 36ij1'R \ 2eACS i ]b2 AC3_[j/+1,24BbR^R \ 2[j362 2 Y+5AWv R>ZijBv ij/PoZY>@` B h Apv R S+2e>@BPv ij3h362 v R
K 2 ^fQ+2 v >@AWoZoZ5 >@B R \ 224AC36oZ5 ^RfAW[C2 ^,i heoZ24AC3BP>@BP'[ M z
2436iC>@BP[ R \ 22 5"2 v R,i h ^ /+SP^ 2 =/P24BbR Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijBP^
ijB;R \ ib^2 Q+36>Zij3Ri A BPij(B - [P362 2 Y+5 AWv R>ZijB >q^oZ>@yW2 oZ5 Ri S 2 1,iP362i hA \ >@BPY.3ACBPv 2R \ AbB;A \ 2 o@Q
>cB v ijBb]C2436[b>cBP[ ijB;R \ 236 2 +/P>c3_2 Y Q+3_2 Y+>qv Rh>qiPBP^4 ) %/+36R \ 2431,iP362Cz Ap^!R \ 2 ^h5j^Rh241 v ijBb]C2436[b2 ^!Ri A
^iCo@/PR>ZijB%z"[P362 2 Y+5 AWv Rh>qiPBP2^ e0>ZoqoHS+2 /P^h2 Y1ij362,RiA2 ;=QPoZiC>ZRR \ 2 Q+iCoZ>Zv 5oZ24AC3BbRSC5R \ 2,^5j^hR241z%^i
R \ 2 [P362 2 Y+5 362 Rf/+3hBP^ e?>qoZo0S+2^h2 24B ACBbB5 e A 5C) .g \ 24362 h iP362C=z e 2>cBbRf36iPY./Pv 2 ACB AWoZR243B+AWRh>q]b28/+Q Y.AWR2
AWoZ[Cij36>ZR \ 1'S+AW^2 Y1,ij3620^hRf36ijBP[CoZ5,ijB g ^d - oq24Ab3BP>@BP[.zPv4AWoZoq2 Y9iPY+6> H.2 Y XHijB+BP2 v R>ZijBP>Z^R ,.-0/%24AC3hBP>cBP[
K 9 X ,.-0/M )
de/+30Q+36iPQ+iC^2 Y/+Q+Y.AWRh23/PoZ2>Z^4z
FA\ d K LM \$- e  
\
\ i \$ \kj]m e KsU(M
h e%f7g h
g \ >Z^ Y+6> 5"2436`^ h 36iP1 BPij31!Apo ,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[;>@B;R \ 2/P^2 i heR \ 2 \kj]m AW^^hijv >@AWR2 Y e0>ZR \ R \ 2 AWv R>ZijB
^2 oZ2 v R2 Y"z 3ApR \ 243R \ ACBR \ 2![j362 2 Y+51!A; %('0) \"jNme/P^2 Y >@BN,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[.) g\ >Z^24BP^ /+362 ^eR \ AWReR \ 2
R241!Q+iP3AWo"Y+>65"243624BPv 2!2433_ij36^e0>ZoZoAWY+Y/+Q v iP3362 v RoZ5Cz%362 [jAC36Y+oZ2 ^^ih e \ 2 R \ 2430[j3_2 2 Y+5 AWv R>ZijBP^eAC362
RfACyW24Bij3BPiCR4z e0>ZR \ ij/PRR \ 2BP2 2 YR i
243_c
i L") /@h[j362 2 Y+5 Apv R>ZijBP?^ &8RfAbyW24B%z \ ieH2 ]C243 z+R \ 24BR \ >Z^
 i'OQ>7TQm7O3 K2G$OUTVE$E$>A<
WPTVmUm]CSW$E$W  X]JUW^NU>AT <QCpCSBE$>,t <V>7r  $E J]E$Cv"! GSEPK2>7<jv"CSr'J7@;B v# E$JUE$Cv"!sGSEPK2>A<6q%CL>7@;C
$ C@$L>A@;nKM<QmlJA<
T $ BDJUE$CUg
J
2 =/+AWRh>qiPBe>Z^ 2A;=Apv RoZ5e2 =/P>Z] Apoq24BbRRhi0^RfACBPY.Ab36Y3,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[.z+ACBPY^hi.z4>@BR \ 2oZ>@1,>ZR e \ 24B2A;=QPoZij3hAWR>ZijB
\ AW^v 24AW^h2 Y ACBPY R \ 2![j362 2 Y+5 Q iCoZ>qv 5 >Z^!S+2 >@BP[ h iCoZoZieH2 Y"z R \ 2 /+Q+Y.AWRh2 ^ e?>qoZo0S+2R \ 2!^ AC1,2 AW^^hsij3
^RfACBPY.AC3_c Y ,.- oq24Ab3BP>@BP[ K 2 =/+ApR>ZijBYGfM )
9 X ,.-0/ R \ 24362 hsij362^fAC1!QPoZ2 ^4h 36ij1#R \ 2 Y+>Z^Rf3_>cS+/PRh>qiPB;ih Q iC^^>@SPoZ2 h /PRf/+362362 Rf/+3BP^,[C>Z]C24B R \ 2
v4/+33624BbRA2 ;+QPoqiP3AWR>ZijB Q+iCoZ>Zv 5CzH3AWR \ 243R \ ACBD/P^R,R \ 2![j3_2 2 Y+5 Q+iCoZ>Zv 5;AW2^ hsij3BPiP31!AWo ,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[.)
g\ 24362 hsij362Cz+R \ 32 ,.-)h /+BPv R>ZijB e0>ZoZo"v ijBb]C2436[C2eRhi.z
YK"[ \ !- \ MY^`_ a i \ $ %/d '0) K2 [ \kj]m M,EK=[ \kj]m !#' M l K6T ](M
h
e \ >Zv \ >Z^,R \ 2A2 ;=Q 2 v R2 Y 362 Rf/+3B [C>Z]C24B R \ 2Q+36ijS+ACSP>ZoZ>ZR>Z2 ^4z K2 [N\)M z i h AWv R>ZijBP^!S 2 >cBP[ ^2 oZ2 v R2 Y")
XHijBP^ 2 +/P24BCRhoq5Cz AWRACBb5 Q iC>@BCRJY./+36>@BP[ Rf3Ap>cBP>@BP[.z R \ 
2 ,.-)h /+BPv Rh>qiPB ^ \ iP/PoqY [C>Z]C2!ACB2 ^R>@1!ApR>ZijBi h
R \ 2eA2 ;=Q 2 v R2 Y 3_2 Rf/+3BP^0R \ ApR Ab362A ] AW>Zo@ACSPoZ22 hsij3tR \ 2ev4/+33624BbR0A2 ;+QPoZij3AWR>ZijBQ+iCoZ>Zv 5C)t*I^0>ZR0>Z^eBPij31!Apo
Ri 362 Y./Pv 2R \ 2AC1,ij/+BbR,i h0A2 ;=QPoZij3ApR>ZijB;AW^,Rf3AW>@BP>@BP[ Q+36iPv 2 2 Y+^4zt2 ]C24BbRf/+AWoZoZ5 R \ 2[j362 2 Y+5 AWv R>ZijB
e0>Zoqo S+2JRfACyW24BApR 24Apv \ ^Rh24Q%z.ACBPY ^hiR \ 2 ,.-)h /+BPv R>ZijYB e0>ZoZo v ijBC]b2436[C2eRi,R \ 2JijQPR>@1!AWo%] Apoc/P2 ^ )
JKJ 
m 24BP[ ACBPY < >qoZoZ>@AC1,^$K_T4UCUWV'MeQ+3_2 ^24BCRh2 Y ACBPibR \ 2431,2 R \ ijY iahIv ij1,SP>@BP>cBP[N,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[ AbBPY g d^-
oq24Ab3BP>@BP[.z"v4AWoZoZ2 Y ,K!LM ) g\ >Z^e>Z^S+AW^2 YijBQ+243!hsij31>cBP[ ABPij31AWo iPBP2 - ^R24Q ,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[ /+Q Y.AWR2
Ri>c1Q+36iW]C2 R \ 2 v4/+33_24BCR!Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijB \z ACBPY;R \ 24B /P^>@BP[ R \ 2R241Q+ij3ApoY+>65"243624BPv 2 ^ S+2 R eH2 24B
^f/Pv v 2 ^^>Z]C2[j362 2 Y+5;Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijBP^Ri /+Q+Y.AWR2>ZR7h 3_ij1 R \ 24362iPB%z0362 [jAC36Y+oZ2 ^^ih e \ 2 R \ 243![P362 2 Y+5
AWv R>ZijBP^0AC362eQ+24!3 hsij312 Yij3BPiCR ) g\ >Z^01,24ACBP^0R \ ApRL Y+iP2 ^0BPiCR0BP2 2 YRi!S+2
2436iP2 Y"z.S+/PR0362 +/P>@362 ^
R \ AWRR eHieY+6> 5"243624BCRH2433_ij3 R243h1,^Ri,S+2v4AWoZv4/Po@AWR2 Y AWRt24AWv \ ^R24Q%) m 24BP[!Q+362 ^24BbR2 YR \ 2eAWoZ[Cij36>ZR \ 1
h ij3tY+>Z^v4362 Rh2I^R AWR2 - ^fQ+AWv 2^5P^R241,^ 'z e \ >qoZ^R \ 24362 eH2A2 ;jRh24BPY>qR hsij3H/P^^2 e0>ZR \ v iPBCR>@BP/Pij/Pm^ h /+BPv R>ZijB
ACQ+Q+36i ;j>@1!ApRij36^4)
*0R 24AWv \ R>@1,20^R24Q%z+ACB/+Q+Y.AWR2>Z^01!AWY+2IAWv v iP36Y+>@BP[RhiR \ 20iPBP2 - ^R24Q ,.- oq24Ab3BP>@BP[! 2 =/+ApR>ZijB,V.z
ACBPYR \ 24B A^2 v ijBPY /+Q Y.AWR2e>Z^e1!AWY+2/P^>@BP[.z
\$
-m
 \    i \ $ 1!%('0Aa) ; \"jNm  1%/'0A) ; \  d K LM \$- e   e K6TCT M
h e%f7g h
0< iCRh2eR \ 2^f/+11!AWR>ZijB>q^ijBPoZ5 /+QRi!^Rh24Q F TC)t*^ eH2AC362JY+24AWoZ>@BP[Ye0>ZR \ A,v iPBCR>@BP/Pij/P^^RfAWR2 -
^fQ+AWv 2^5P^R241ztS+iCR \ /+Q+Y.ApR2 ^8A 52 v RJR \ 2^fAC12QeH2 >Z[ \ R^ ACBPY ^i 362 ^f/PoZR!>@B AbB iW]C243Apoqo0/+Q Y.AWR2
ih_z
8\   i \ $ 1!%('*A ) ; \kj]m_F \  ; \$  i \.$ 1!%('0Aa) ; \"jNm 1!%('*A) ; \  \
K6T4l(M
g \ >Z^I362 ^f/PoZR^H>@BAe^oZ>Z[ \ Rh oZ5 AWoZR24362 YACBPYoq2 ^h^02  v >Z24BCRHij(B - oZ>@BPh 2/+Q Y.AWR2AWoZ[CiP36>ZR \ 1'R \ ACB h ij3 2 >ZR \ 243
^RfACBPY.AC3_c Y ,.- oq24Ab3BP>@BP[ij3t9.X ,.-0/K ^h2 v R>ZijB'V M )


3 QYYR =M
MS
/ BR \ >Z^ ^h2 v R>ZijB7eH2IQ+362 ^24BbRHR \ 20R241Q+ij3Apo+Y+>:5"243624BPv 2/+Q Y.AWR2IApoq[bij36>ZR \ 1,^0362 +/P>@362 Y RhiACQ+QPoZ5!R \ 2
v ijB+BP2 v R>ZijBP>Z^R0oZ24AC3BP>@BP[ 12 R \ ijY+^0AWRt24AWv \ R>@1,2^R24Q%z+ACBPY \ 24BPv 2eoZiC^2R \ 2e362 =/P>@3624124BCRHRiJ^Rij362
AWoZo"^RfAWRh2 `- AWv R>ZijBQ+AW>@36^I/+BbR>Zo R \ 2e24BPY ih 24AWv \ Rf36>@AWos)
g\ 2eS+AW^>ZvAWoZ[Cij3_>qR \ 1 sh ij3tACQ+QPoZ5j>@BP[ g d^- oZ24AC3hBP>cBP[R2 v \ BP> +/P2 ^0Ri,Rf3Ap>cBBP24/+3AWo"BP2 R He ij3yb^v4ACB
S+22hsij/+BPY>@B O+/PRhRijBN6K T4U&>CUf M ) aApv \ He 2 >Z[ \ R0>@BR \ 2BP2 R He ij3y!1AW>@BCRfAp>cBP^eACB   5 0 "k C  #4z
 \ d K!L M \$- e ;\kj e 4; \$ L  \$- m
\
6K T9(M
ef7g h h
O
Tb) - 2 ^2 R Apoqo 2 oq>Z[C>@SP>ZoZ>@R>Z2 ^4z  g  ]
l ) F ]
9 ) OP2 oZ2 v ReAWv R>ZijB%z&\
VN) / h H/ ]+z
 \3 \$- m$ K i \ -4m;$ \'A\$- m M  \$- m
G ) X?AWoZv4/PocApR2   \ e)x3 )wR4)"h ^h2 oq2 v Rh2 YApv R>ZijB  \ iPBPoq5C)
J )  \ \.$ L  \ -4m
O ) m 2403 h ij3h1 Apv R>ZijhB  \zNACBPY 362 v 2 >Z]C2!Q+A 5Ci 5 i \
> ) / h R 36>@AWo \ AW^IBPibR024BPY+2 Y"zY^ $ TACBPY[bi!Ri,^R24Q +9 )

>q[P/+362 TCrdeB(- oZ>@BP2 v iPB+BP2 v R>ZijBP>Z^R8/+Q Y.AWR2 AWoZ[CiP36>ZR \ 1) g\ 2 /+Q Y.AWR2>@B ^RfAW[b2QG>q^^ \ ieIB sh ij3
9 iPY+>6H.2 Y XHiPB+BP2 v R>ZijBP>Z^R3,.-0/%24AC3BP>@BP[.)

CT ) H- 2 ^2 RAWoZo"2 oZ>q[b>cSP>Zo@>ZR> 2 ^4z  g  ]+)


l+) F ]+)
+9 ) PO 2 oZ2 v R Apv R>ZijB%z&\)
.V ) /@hH/ ]+z
 i \   \ -4m $ 2K  i \$- m $ 1!Aa;&%/'0) \ F \$- m V  \$- m $
 \$- m$ 1!A ; %('0) \ 1h A; %('0) \$- m   \$- m M
G+)  \3 Lh   \ -4m$ 8; \$- m 
J+) X0AWoZv4/Ph o@AWR2 ;\e)x3 )wR )"^2 oZ2 v R2 Y AWv R>ZijB &\ ijBPoZ5C)
O+) m 24!3 hsij31 AWv R>ZijB & \z.ACBPY 3_2 v 2 >q]b2Q+A 5Ci5 i \6)
>+) /@h Rf36>@AWo \ AW^IBPiCR024BPY+2 Y"z ^ >$ T AbBPY [Ci,Ri!^hR24QY9+)

>Z[j/+362l r deB(- oZ>@BP2!v ijB+BP2 v Rh>qiPBP>q^hR /+Q Y.AWR2Apoq[bij36>ZR \ 1 sh ij3,K!LM )


Ri yW2 24Q Rf3AWv y;iahR \ 2 eH2 >Z[ \ Rh2 Y ^f/+1Lih!Q+362 ]j>Zij/P^24336ij3[P3AWY+>Z24BCRh^4) O+/PRhRijB Q+362 ^24BbR2 Y R \ 2
AWoZ[Cij36>ZR \ 1<hsij3,R \ 2[C24BP243AWo0v4Ap^2ce \ 243_2 A 1,/PoqRh>cQPoZ2ij/PRfQ+/PRBP2 R0eHij3hy \ AW^Y+>:5"243624BbR!2433_ij36^!>@B
24AWv \ i h,>ZR^ij/PRfQ+/PR^ z AbBPY \ 24BPv 2 R \ 24362 >Z^R \ 2 BP2 2 Y Ri 1AW>@BCRfAp>cB ijBP22 oq>Z[C>@SP>ZoZ>@R65 Rf3Apv 2Q 243
BP2 0R eHij3hyij/PRfQ+/PR!AWR,24AWv \ eH2 >q[ \ R4)_b?ie 2 ]b243 z >cB R \ 2c,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[ h 3Ab1,2AeHij3yR \ 24362>Z^ijBPoZ5 A
^>@BP[CoZ2eR241!Q+iP3AWo.Y+6> 5"243624BPv 2e2433_ij3AWRt24AWv \ R>@1,2^R24Q%z(e \ >Zv \ >Z^0/P^2 YRi,/+Q+Y.AWRh2IR \ 22,.- ] Apoc/P2 ^?ih
kNAWv R>ZijBP^>cBJz"ACBPY \ 24BPv 2!362 ^ /PoqRh^e>cBR \  2 h Apv RIR \ ApR0ijBPoZ5 A^>@BP[CoZ2!2 oZ>Z[C>@SP>qoZ>@R65>Z^36 2 +/P>c3_2 c
Y hsij3
24AWv \ eH2 >Z[ \ R K ^2 2AbQ+Q+24BPY+> ; 2* M )
g \ 2,>@1!Q+iP36RfACBbRQ+iC>@BbRRi BPibR2,>q^JR \ AW6R N \3K R \ 2!S+AWv y -`Q+3_ijQ+AW[jAWRh2 Y iP/PRfQ+/PRe[j3AWY+>Z24BbR M>Z^
ijBPoZ5!v4AWoZv4/Po@AWR2 Y Y e0>ZR \ 3_2 ^fQ+2 v RHRiJR \ 20ij/PRfQ+/PRHQ+36iPY./Pv >cBP[R \ 2 ,.-)h /+BPv R>ZijB] AWo@/P.2 h iP3 R \ 20^h2 oq2 v Rh2 Y
AWv R>ZijB  \ ) b?24BPv 2CzH6> hR \ $ 2 ,.-)h /+BPv R>ZijB >Z^ S+2 >@BP[ 3624Q+362 ^h24BCR2 Y SC5  ^24Q+AC3hAWR2^>@BP[CoZ2ij/PRfQ+/PR
BP2 0R eHij3hyC^4z R \ 24B 8\I>Z ^
2436i h ij3,AWoZmo eH2 >Z[ \ Rh^!>@B;BP2 0R eHij3hyC^,iCR \ 243JR \ AbB R \ 2ijBP2AW^^iPv >@AWR2 Y
e0>ZR \ AWv R>ZijBA& \z"ACBPY^iR \ 2,2 oZ>Z[C>@SP>qoZ>@Rh>q2 ^ h ij3?R \ 2!R \ 2 ^2!BP2 0R eHij3hyC^eAC362D/P^R /+Q Y.AWR2 Y Apv v ij36Y+>@BP[
Ri.z
 \ L  \$- m K6T BV M
h

>
OBSTACLE GOAL

d goal

15deg Angle to goal

ROBOT
15deg

RANGE SENSORS

>Z[j/+36279+rG< \ AWR0R \ 236iPS+iCRIyPBPie0^0ACS+iP/PR0>ZR^I^ /+336ij/+BPY+>@BP[C^


g\ 2.h /PoZo%ijB(- oZ>@BP2AWoZ[CiP36>ZR \ 1 >Z^0^ \ ieIB>cB >Z[.)%TC);/ R >@Bb]CiCoZ]C2 ^0S+AWv y-`Q+3_ijQ+AW[jAWRh>cBP[JRi,v ij1!Q+/PR2
R \ 2IiP/PRfQ+/PRH[j3AWY+>Z24BbR^l; \ihsij3 R \ 2eAWv R>ZijBv \ iC^24B%z.ACBPY \ 24BPv 2/+Q+Y.ApR>@BP[!R \ 2^e 2 >Z[ \ RH2 oZ>q[b>cSP>ZoZ> -
R>Z2 ^4z.S+2 hsij362eR \ 2AWv R>ZijB>Z^ Apv Rf/+AWoZoZ5 Q+243!hsij31,2 Y") *0RHR \ 2BP2A;jR?R>@1,2e^R24Q%z.Apoqo ih R \ 22eH2 >Z[ \ R^IAC362
/+Q+Y.AWR2 YAWv v ij3_Y+>cBP[,RiJR \ 2R241!Q+iP3AWo+Y+>65"243624BPv 2e24336ij3t1,/PoqRh>cQPoZ>Z2 Y Sb5!R \ 2 >@3t2 oZ>Z[C>@SP>qoZ>@Rh>q2 ^ ) g\ 24362 -
h ij3_2CzWR \ 20ijBPoZ5,^Rij3hAW[C2 3_ 2 =/P>@36241,24BbR^AC3_2 hsiji 3 R \ 2BP24/+3AWo.BP2 R eHij3^y eH2 >Z[ \ Rh^ACBPY!2 oZ>Z[C>@SP>qoZ>@Rh>q2 ^ z.ACBPY
R \ 2eo@AW^R ,.-)h /+BPv R>ZijB] AWo@/P2+ \ACBPYQ+A45bi 5 \`)
,K!LM,/+Q+Y.AWRh>cBP[ >Z^ ^hoq>Z[ \ RoZ5;Y+6> 5"243624BCR z0ACBPY;Rf3ACBP^hocApR2 ^!>@BCRhi R \ 2 iP(B - oq>@BP2 /+Q+Y.ApR2^ 2 +/P24BPv 2
^ \ i eIBJ>cB >Z[.)Cl+) <?iCR2HR \ 20v \ ACBP[C20>@B,iP36Y+243 i h%^R24QPm^ JeACBPQ Y O^e \ >Zv \ 36 2 +/P>@362 ^R \ AWR R \ 2IBP2 R eHij3y
ij/PRfQ+/PR![j3hAWY+>Z24BCR^ z N \zHAC362^RiP362 Y S+2 R eH2 24B ^R24QP^4) g \ 2 AWoZ[CiP36>ZR \ 1 >Z^ R \ 24362 h iP362^oZ>Z[ \ Rhoq5
1,ij362v ij1!Q+/PRfApR>ZijB+AWoZoZ5 A2 ;+Q+24BP^>Z]C2JR \ ACB^RfACBPY.Ab36E
Y ,.- oZ24AC3hBP>cBP[ACBPY9 X ,.-0/ z+ACBPY AWoZ^i!36 2 +/P>@362 ^
R \ 2e^Rij3hAW[C2i h R \ 2e[j3AWY+>Z24BbR ^   \ AW^ eH2 oZo AW^0R \ 2BP2 R eHij37y eH2 >Z[ \ R^IACBPY2 oZ>Z[C>@SP>Zoq> R>Z2 ^4)
  J  . 6   O
/ Bij36Y+243 RhiR2 ^RtR \ 2IAWoZ[CiP36>ZR \ 1,^HY+>Z^v4/P^^2 Y"z.AJ3624AWoZ>Z^R>Zve1,ijSP>ZoZ236ijS+ibR Q+36ijSPoZ241 e0AW^v iPBP^>ZY+24362 Y")
g\ 2!36ijS+ibR1/P^hR^H BPY >ZR^40e A45Rhi8A[CiPAWo Q iC^>ZR>ZijB>@B Alpd 24Bb]P>c3_ijB+1,24BbR2e \ >Zoq^hRA ]CiC>ZY+>@BP[ ijS(-
^RfAWv oZ2 ^4zS+/PR,ijBPoZ5;362 v 2 >Z]C2 ^ Q+A 5Ci"5 ^,AWRR \ 224BPY;iah 24Apv \ Rf3_>cApo z%e \ 24B R \ 2ij/PRv ij1,2>Z^!yjBPieIB%)
g\ 2eijBPoZ5 >@B(sh ij31!ApR>ZijBA ] AW>Zo@ACSPoZ2,Ri,>qR?Y./+36>@BP[ A,Rf36>@AWo"AC3_2I^24BP^hij303624AWY+>@BP[C^ z.ACBPY>@B(h iP31!AWR>ZijB>ZR
\ AW^Hoq24Ab3BCR h 36iP1 Q+3_2 ]j>Zij/P^0R 36>@AWoZ^4)K/ BiP36Y+243tRi,24BP^f/+362eR \ 2ev ijBbRf36ibo Q+iboq>Zv 5oZ24AC3BbRH>Z^IAW^0[C24BP243hAWoZoq5
ACQ+QPoZ>qv4AbSPoq2AW^IQ+ib^^>@SPoZ2Cz.R \ 2,36ijS iCRH>q^Rf3Ap>cBP2 YijBA,^2 +/P24BPv 2iah 3AbBPY+ij1,oZ5[C24BP243AWRh2 Y24BC]P>@36ijB(-
1,24BCRh^4z0e >ZR \ 24AWv \ /P^2 Y h ij3 ijBPoZ5 A,^>@BP[CoZ2Rf3_>cApo )ta="5 2 v R>Z]C2 oZ5Cz.R \ >q^eQ+36iW]P>qY+2 Y h iP36v 2 Y2A=; QPoZij3hAWR>ZijB
ih BP2Ae 24BC]P>@36ijB+1,24BbR^ACBPY^>ZRf/+ApR>ZijBP^4z"ACBPY^iQ+36iW]j>ZY+2 Y A1,ij3_236ijS+/P^hR36ijS+ibRIv ijBbRf36ibo Q+iCoZ>Zv 5
R \ ACBv ij/PoZY S 2AWv \ >Z2 ]C2 Y iPBA4Hj; 2 Y24BC]P>@36ijB+1,24BbR4)
  3 
 9) 9O LRE Q9;E5 NO
g\ 2 36ijS+ibR>q^^h>c1,/Po@AWR2 Y 0e >ZR \ .H ]C2 3ACBP[b2cH BPY+>@BP[ >cB+Q+/PRh^ce \ >Zv \ [C>Z]C2 >ZR AWv v4/+3ApR2Y+>q^hRfACBPv 2
1,24AW^f/+3624124BCR^HRi,ijSP^hRf3/Pv R>ZijBP^4z e \ >Zv \ AC3_2e^fQ+AWv 2 Y AWv436ib^^HR \ 236ijS iCR^ h iP3 0e AC36Y AC3_vh 36ij1 9f]
U
Ri $29(]  AWRJTG  >@BbR2436]WAWoZ^QK ^2 26 >Z[.)+9fM )(/sReAWoZ^i AWo e0A 5j^IyPBPie0^R \ 2Y+>Z^RfAbBPv 2 ACBPY AbBP[CoZ2Rhi R \ 2
C[ ijAWo"362 o@AWR>Z]C2JRi,>ZR^Iv4/+3h3624BCRQ+iC^>ZR>ZijBACBPY h AWv >@BP[.)
g \ m2 eHij36oZYR \ 2 3_ijS+iCR iPv v4/+QP>q2 ^t>Z^A^ =/+Ab362 36iPij1ze?>qR \ 3hACBPY+ij1,oZ5QPo@AWv 2 Y!v ijBb]C2A;,Q+iCoZ5P[CijB+AWo
ijSP^RfAWv oZ2 ^H>@B>ZR4) g \ 2 3_ijS+iCRH^R AC36R^AWRHA,3ACBPY+ij1'Q+iC^>ZR>ZijB e?>qR \ A,3ACBPY+iP1 ij36>Z24BbRfAWR>ZijB%z+ACBPY \ AW^
Ri 3624AWv \ R \ 2e[CiPAWosz e \ >Zv \ >Z^IAWoZ^i AWRA!3ACBPY+ij1 Q+iC^>ZR>ZijB%)
g\ 2,36ijS+ibR1,iW]C2 ^ISb5 ^2 oZ2 v R>@BPY [ h 36ij1 AY+>q^hv4362 R2!^2 Ri h AWv Rh>qiPBPQ
^ K ^2 2,^2 v R>ZijB G+)x(l M ) / RIY+iP2 ^
R \ >Z^ /+BbR>Zo ACBAWv R>ZijB362 ^f/PoZR^>@B A,v iboqoZ>Z^>ZijB e0>ZR \ ACBijSP^RfApv oq2Cz%AC33_>q]P>@BP[8ApR R \ 2[CijApo zPij3?A,R>@1,2 -
ij/PR K R \ 2e36ijS iCR0>Z^IAWoZoZi eH2 YijBPoZ5 AoZ>@1,>ZR2 Y BP/+1S 243Hi h ^R24QP^0>@B e \ >Zv \ Ri!3624Apv \ R \ 2e[bijAWZo M ) g \ 2
Rf36>@AWo R \ 24B24BPY+^ACBPYR \ 2!36ijS iCRI362 v 2 >Z]C2 ^AQ+A 5Ci 5 S+AW^2 YijB>ZR^^ H B+AWo Q+ib^>ZR>ZijBAW^IY+2 ^hv436>@S+2 Y >@B
^2 v R>ZijcB G )xl+) g \ 2o@A 5Cij/PRHi h R \ 2,36ijiP1 >Z^R \ 24B 3hACBPY+ij1,>Z^2 Y"z.AbBPY R \ 236iPS+iCR0^hRfAC36R^0A!BPA2 e Rf36>@AWos)
XHijBP^ 2 +/P24BCRhoq5Cz R \ 2!ijBPoZ5>@(B h iP31!AWR>ZijBR \ ApReR \ 2 36ijS iCR \ AW^AW^eRhiR \ 2 =/+AWoZ>ZR65i h >ZR^,AWv R>ZijBP^e>Z^
R \ ^2 H B+AWo Q+A 5Ci 5>ZRI>Z^0[C>Z]C24B%z%ACBPY Y e \ ApR0>ZR \ AW^0oZ24AC3BbmR h 36ij1 Q+3_2 ]j>Zij/P^Rf36>@AWoZ^4)
2 L+ME7: Q5 NOP=@?A OPQ= 
/ BR \ 2mhsiCoZoZie0>@BP[ 362 ^f/PoZR^4zBeH2v ij1!Q+AC362?R \ 2I2 5"2 v R^Hih ACQ+QPoZ5P>@BP[!R \ 229Y+>65"243624BbR0/+Q+Y.AWR2e3/PoZ2 ^0ijB
R \ 236ijS iCR0oZ24AC3BP>@BP[RfAW^fyY+2 ^v436>@S+2 Y>@B^h2 v R>ZijBcG+) T 
OPRfAbBPY.AC36Y$,.- oZ24AC3hBP>cBP[_K 2 +/+AWR>ZijBcG(M0e >ZR \ L  ]`e \ 24BP2 ]C243eABPijB(- [j362 2 Y+5AWv R>ZijB>q^Q 243!-
hsij31,2 Y")
,K!LM2K 2 +/+AWR>ZijBT4l( M )
9iPY+>:.H 2 Y ,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[ K 2 +/+AWR>ZijBUf M )
/ B ApY+Y+>qRh>qiPB%zH e 2ev ij1!Q+Ab362eR \ 2e2 "5 2 v R0ih ACQ+QPoZ5j>@BP[R \ 2 ^2,/+Q+Y.AWR2 ^e/P^>@BP[S+iCR \ S+Apv y(0e AC36Y3624QPo@A45
K ^2 v R>ZijBY+9 ) THM ACBPY R \ 2eiPB(- oq>@BP2!AWoZ[Cij3_>qR \ 1 K ^2 v R>ZijBV' M )
g\ 20^h>c1,/Po@AWR2 Y36ijS+ibRe Ap^ Rf3AW>@BP2 Y0e >ZR \ J AWv R>ZijBP^A ]WAW>ZocAbSPoq2eRhie>qR r R /+3BJoq2 sh RIT G  zbRf/+3B!3_>q[ \ R
TG z.ij3?yW2 24QR \ 2^fAb1,2 \ 24AWY+>@BP[.z"ACBPY2 >qR \ 243e1,iW]C2^h iP3 0e AC36Y A4HP; 2 YY+>q^hRfACBPv 2.z ij3036241!Ap>cBijB
R \ 2H^fAC1,2H^fQ iCR4) g\ >Z^ 1,24AbBCR >ZR \ AWY!iPBP2 3_2 Y./+BPY.ACBCRHAWv R>ZijB B+AC12 oq5!BPiCR1i ]P>@BP[eij3 v \ ACBP[C>@BP[
\ 24AWY+>@BP[8AWRAWoZo R \ ApR 0e AW^0BP2 ]C243i /P^2 h /Po">@B AWv \ >Z2 ]j>@BP[>ZR^0iPSPD`2 v Rh>q]b2C)
/ BP^hR24AWY i0 h 362 v 2 >Z]j>@BP[ Q+A 5Ci"5 ^ \0AWRe24Apv \ R>@1,2^R24Q%z%R \ 236ijS+ibReijBPoZ5 362 v 2 >Z]C2 Y;AQ+A45bi5 AWR
R \ 2e24BPY ih 24AWv \ Rf36>@AWos) g\ 2^H B+AWo Q+A 5Ci5 362 v 2 >Z]C2 Y Y+24Q 24BPY+2 YijB \ ie R \ 2R 36>@AWo%v ijBPv o@/PY+2 Y"r
Q&R /@h R \ 236ijS iCRe1,iW]C2 Yc0e >ZR \ >@B A^f1!Apoqo=HP; 2 Y 3AWY+>@/P^eih R \ 2,[CiPAWo Q+ib^>ZR>ZijB%z AQ+A 5Ci5 [C>Z]C24B
e0AW^eTC)
  &?V g.\ 2 36ijS iCR 3_2 v 2 >q]b2 Y AQ+A 5Ci5 S+AW^h2 Y iPB>ZR^eY+>Z^RfACBPv 27h 36ij1 R \ 2,[CijApoke \ 24B>qRev43hAW^ \ 2 Y
>s)w2C)
i 
 ]1:G 2A+; Q+SK 0l 
#  M
e \ 243_2  0e AW^0R \ 2eoZ24BP[CR \ ih ijBP240e AWoZo iah R \ 2J^ +/+AC36236iPij1)
&! / h R \ 2Rf36>@AWo0R>@1,2 YB- iP/PR$K >@B;R \ 2 3_2 ^f/PoZR^ Q+362 ^24BbR2 Y;>@B;R \ >q^^2 v R>ZijB%zHR \ >Z^0e AW^!A sh R243!lf](]
^Rh24QP^ M zPR \ 236ijS iCRI362 v 2 >Z]C2 YR \ 2e^fAC12Q+A45bi 5 AW^ sh ij30AJv43AW^ \ z.S+/PR0e >ZR \ A $2] ):!9 S+iPBj/P^msh ij3
BPiCRHv43Ap^ \ >@BP[.)
/sRH^ \ ij/PoZYS+2eBPiCR2 YR \ AWR R \ 2eQ+A 5Ci5 h ij3 v43AW^ \ >@BP[70 e AW^ v \ iC^24B>cBA^h AW>@36oZ5 AC3hSP>qR 3AC36570e A 5^>@1!QPoZ5
Ri[C>Z]C2 A \ >Z[ \ 243JQ+A45bi5Nsh ij324BPY+>@BP[/+Q BP24AC36243eRhi R \ 2[CijAWosz AbBPYA1Aj; >@1,/+1 Q+A 5Cia5 ih iPBPoq5
+] ):+G )
g\ 2eY+>Z^v ij/+BbR.h AWv Rhij3 z e Ap^0^2 R0Ri +] )xUCU+zBe \ >Zv \ [C>Z]C2 ^eA \ >Z[ \ 243.He 2 >q[ \ R>@BP[Ri AWv Rh>qiPBP^0R \ AWR
oq24ApY Ri!R \ 2e[CijAWo%>@BR \ 2^sh 2AhHe 2 ^R0^Rh24QP^4)
T]
g 3AW>@BP>@BP[812 R \ ijY O+/Pv v 2 ^h^ h /Po 36ijS iCR^ \ Q+Y.AWR2 ^RfACyp24B g 36>@AWo"oZ24BP[CR \
Kh 36ij1 9fJfM Ks1,>ZoZoq>ZijBP^ M K h^ R24QP^ M
OPRfACBPY.AC36Y T J+):] OfG+) T
,K0L M T4l 9+) > G+TC6) J
9 X,.-0/ T V 9+:) ] Gf9+6) 9
g ACSPoZ2TCr,O+/+1!1!AC365ih0^f/Pv v 2 ^h^ h /PoH36ijS iCRE ^ K R \ iC^2 A ]C243hAW[C>@BP[!/8]1xU(GA4]b243AW[C2!Q+A 5Ci5;iW]C243eR \ 2
ocAp^RIT] z:]f]f]?Rf3AW>@BP>@BP[R 36>@AWoZ^ M zh 36ij1 9(JY+>:5"243624BbRL!ACBPY Jv ij1,SP>@B+AWR>ZijBP^tRf3AW>@BP2 Y /P^h>cBP[,S+AWv yfe0AC36Y
3624QPo@A45C)JXHiCo@/+1!BP^^ \ i e BP/+1S 243ih /+Q+Y.ApR2 ^1!ApY+2iW]C243?R \ 2,Rf36>@AWoZ^4z"AbBPY R \ 2A ]C243hAW[C2BP/+1S 243
ih ^hR24QP^I36 2 +/P>@362 Y Ri H BPY R \ 2e[CiPAWo"SC5R \ 2e24BPY")
g \ Q2 ,.-)h /+BPv R>ZijB e0AW^ 3_24Q+362 ^24BbR2 Y Sb5$JBP24/+3AWoBP2 R eHij3yb^4z%ijBP27hsij324AWv \ A ] Ap>qo@ACSPoZ2AWv R>ZijB%)
aAWv \ BP2 R eHij3y \ AWY lfJ>@B+Q+/PR^ z9 \ >ZY+Y+24B BPijY+2 ^4zHACBP-Y  A^>@BP[CoZ2 iP/PRfQ+/PR4zACBPY;/P^2 Y ^>Z[j1,iC>ZY.AWo
AWv R>Z] AWRh>qiPB h /+BPv R>ZijBP^!ih0R \ 2`hsij31KiM6 TD#K6T@$ M2e \ >Zv \ 362 ^Rf3_>qv Rh2 Y R \ 2ij/PRfQ+/PRJihIR \ 2
BP2 0R eHij3hyC^ RiS+2 R eH2 24 B ]eACBPYTC) g\ 2lfJ0>@B+Q+/PR^meH24362HY./P20Rie^ Q+3624AWY+>@BP[R \ 2Oe3624Apo+] AWo@/P2 Y^24BP^ij3
^RfAWR2 ^Apv436iC^^J^2 ]C243AWot>@B+Q+/PRBPiPY+2 ^,24AWv \ K)9 hsij324AWv \ i h0R \ E 2 G3ACBP[C2 ^ kz G hsij3R \ 2!Y+>Z^RfACBPv 2Ri
[CijAWoszjAbBPE Y Jhsij3 R \ 2eACBP[CoZ2RiR \ 2I[CiPAWZo M zj/P^>@BP[ A h iP31 i h"v ijAb36^2v ijY+>@BP[.F) Nij3 A2 ;+AC1!QPoZ2Cz.AJ3ACBP[C2
] AWo@/Pc 2 e0AW^^fQ+3624AWY AWv43_iC^Q ^ 9>@B+Q+/PR BPijY+2 ^AW^!6> h>Z R eH24362 AWv R>Z] ApR>@BP[ 9^h>cBP[boq2 - >@B+Q+/PR^>Z[j1,iC>ZY.AWo
/+BP>qRh^4z+24AWv \ e0>ZR \ AJY+6> 5"243624BbR SP>@AW^0]WAWo@/P2C) .g \ 2 ^22 eH24362ev \ ib^24B^i!R \ ApR Ap^0R \ 23ACBP[b2IY+2 v43624Ap^2 Y"z
R \ 2>@B+Q+/PR^>@BPv43624AW^2 YijBP2, A h Rh243HR \ 2ibR \ 2430/+BbR>Zo AWR?]C24365v oqib^2!3ACBP[C2eR \ 2 Y 5 eH24362Apoq o xijB  ) g \ >Z^
362 ^Rf36>Zv R2 YR \ 2e>@BPY+>Z]j>ZY./+AWo >@B+Q+/PR] AWo@/P2 ^eRi!A!3AbBP[C2ei h ],RiTC)
/ BR \ >q^
^ eHij3y,R \ 2e^>@1!QPoZ2ktiCoZ R
41!ACB+BQ+36ijS+ACSP>ZoZ>ZR65Y+>q^hRf36>@S+/PR>ZijB e0AW^0/P^2 Y Ri!Q+36iW]P>ZY+2Q+36ij(S -
ACSP>Zoq>ZR>Z2 ^^ hsij3H^2 oZ2 v R>@BP[ AWv Rh>qiPBP^4z
[ % [
K2& \ [N\)M  %( '*
)  
 [ %  K6T G(M
e \ 24362  AWYWD/P^R^!R \ 2 3hACBPY+ij1!BP2 ^^,i h^2 oZ2 v R>ZijB%) g \ >Z^ 1,24AbBP^!R \ AWR!AWv R>ZijBP`^ e0>ZR \_\ >Z[ \ 243 ,.-
] AWo@/P2 ^ \ A4]b2e[j3624AWR243HQ+36iPS+ACSP>Zoq>ZR65i h S 2 >@BP[ v \ iC^24B%z.S+/PR?iCR \ 2430AWv Rh>qiPBP^I1!A 5 S+2ev \ iC^24B>@BP^Rh24AWY")
*I^tR \ 2IACQ+Q+36i ;P>@1!AWR>ZijB,ai hR \ 2 ,.-)h /+BPv Rh>qiPB>c1Q+36iW]C2 ^4zjAbBPY!R \ 2IAC1ij/+BCR ai hA2 ;+QPoZij3AWRh>qiPB 36 2 +/P>@362 Y
[Cij2 ^eY+i eIB%zNR \ 2,] Apoc/P2i h >Z^362 Y./Pv 2 Y /+BbR>Zo R \ 2J[j362 2 Y+5 Apv R>ZijB \ AW^AWo@1,iC^ReQ+36ijS+AbSP>qoZ>ZR65 TJi h
S+2 >@BP[^2 oZ2 v R2 Y AWRe24AWv \ ^R24Q%) / BR \ 2 362 ^ /PoqRh^Q+3_2 ^24BCRh2 Y"z  e0AW^,362 Y./Pv 2 Y oq>@BP24AC3_oq5;S+2 R eH2 24B A
] AWo@/P2ai h%]+6) ]fG,ACBP$ Y ]+6) ]+Ti ]b243 (l ]+:z ]f]f]Rf36>@AWoZ^4z.A h R24 3 e \ >Zv \ >q.R e Apm^ H;j2 YAWR ]+:) ]+Tb)
 KJ  E=CO 
g\ 24362!AC362J^2 ]C243AWo \ 24/+36>Z^R>Zv Q+Ab3AC1,2 R243_^IR \ ApR 1,/P^ReS+2!^h2 RIY./+36>@BP[Rf3AW>@BP>@BP[ %R \ 2,] Apoc/P2 ^,/P^2 Y
h ij3?R \ 2,Y+>Z^v ij/+BbR^h Apv Rij3 ACBPYR \ 2,2A;=QPoZij3hAWR>ZijB] AWo@/P2  \ A ]C2!S+2 24BY+2 ^hv436>@S+2 Y ACS iW]C2C) g\ 2 ^2
e 243_2v \ iC^24B A h Rh243IA^f1AWh oZoAC1,ij/+BbRIiah 2A;+Q+2436>@1,24BbRfAWR>ZijB%z S+/PRBPi AWRhR241!QPR2e0AW^e1!AWY+2,Ri H BPY
ijQPR>@1!AWoN] AWo@/P2 ^ K 2C) [.) A2h AW^Rh243362 Y./Pv R>ZijB>@B! v4ACB!^ Q+2 2 Y /+Qv ijBC]b2436[C24BPv 2Ri!Ae^iCo@/PR>ZijBM ) g\ >Z^
oq24A ]C2 ^HR \ 2Rf3Ap>cBP>@BP[!3AWRh2 !ACBPY!R \ 2 g d Q+AC3AC1,2 Rh243mL"zfe \ >Zv \ eH24362mhsij/+BPY Rhi \ A ]C2IAJ^>Z[jBP>6H.v4ACBbR
2 5 2 v R iPBR \ 2 AbSP>qoZ>ZR65,i.h R \ 20BP24/+3AWo.BP2 R He ij3yb^ RhiIoZ24AC3B%zPACBPY,R \ 2 =/+Apoq>ZR65iah R \ 2H^iCo@/PR>ZijBP^HAC336>Z]C2 Y
AWR4)
g\ 2t[j3ACQ \ ^">@B >Z[.) V^ \ ie R \ 2t] AC36>@AWRh>qiPB>@BJA4]b243AW[C2Q+A 5Ci"5 ^"362 v 2 >Z]C2 Y!Sb536ijS+ibR^ A sh R243"S 2 >cBP[
Rf3AW>@BP2 YijB Gf+] z:](]fe] 3ACBPY+ij1oq5[C24BP243ApR2 Y83_ijij1^ /P^h>cBP[ %/ >@Bw^IS+AWv yf0e AC3_Y 3624QPo@A 58AWoZ[CiP36>ZR \ 1) g\ 2
[j3ACQ \ ^0>@B >Z[.) G ^ \ ie R \ 2,362 ^f/PoZR^^e \ 24BijB(- oZ>@BP2 /+Q Y.AWR2 ^K ^2 v R>ZijBV'0M AC362,/P^2 Y >@BP^Rh24AWY") g\ 2
v ijBCRhij/+3 QPoZiCR^ Ab362Hv ijBP^Rf3/Pv Rh2 Y7h 3_ij1 362 ^f/PoZR^tijSPRfAW>@BP2 Y7h 36ij1  +] ) TCzf+] ):+G zPTC):] zCl+):+] zf+9 )6+] zWV.):] ACBPY
TCT



 
    

  
  g  ;g 
 
 


4 1
0.98
3.5 0.97
0.96
0.95 0.8
3

Average reward
2.5 0.6
η 2
0.4
1.5

1
0.2
0.5 +
0

 !

 
 
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 10 20 30 40 50
  λ  Trials (thousands)

 g  ;g 
 
4 1
0.98
3.5 0.97
0.96
0.95 0.8
3
Average reward

2.5 0.6
η 2
0.4
1.5

1
0.2
0.5 +
0

!

  
& 
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 10 20 30 40 50
 λ Trials (thousands)
"$#  
% g  ;g 
 
4 1
0.98
3.5 0.97
0.96
0.95 0.8
3
Average reward

2.5 0.6
η 2
0.4
1.5

1
0.2
0.5 +
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 10 20 30 40 50
λ Trials (thousands)

>q[P/+362!V.rN Xn JXHijBbRij/+3eQPoZiCR^J^ \ ie0>@BP[ \ ie R \ 27H B+AWoQ+A 5Ci5 A hsR2432Gf]+z:](]f]!R 36>@AWoZ^]WAC36>Z2 ^2hsij3
24AWv \ ih R \ 2R \ 3_2 2/+Q+Y.ApR23/PoZ2 ^ACQ+QPoZ>Z2 Y /P^>@BP[ 0 &# 3 :;&8A  +4C.h ij3 Y+>:5"243624BbR] AWo@/P2 ^eih
 ACBPY
'

L) $  5 O+AC1!QPoZ2,Rf3Ap>cBP>@BP[v4/+36]b2 ^eRfACyW24BEh ij3?24AWv \ /+Q+Y.AWR2!3/PoZ2Cz%v ij3h362 ^fQ+iPBPY+>cBP[RiR \ 2]WAWo@/P2


ihs! ACBPYYL 1!Ab3yW2 Y Sb5 A $ ijB,24Apv \ v ijBbRij/+3 QPoZiCR4) g.\ 2IY+iCRhR2 Y!oZ>@BP2e>q^HR \ 2BPij31!AWoZ>Z^2 Y A ]C243Ap[C2
)( +* '

Bj/+1,S+243?ih ^hR24QP^0RfACyp24B>cB24AWv \ Rf36>@AWo sK 1A;j>@1,/+1 Rf3_>cApo"oZ24BP[CR \ 0e AW^Ilf](]^hR24QP^ M )

T4l



  
    Yg  1g

 

4 1
0.98
3.5 0.97
0.96
0.95 0.8
3

Average reward
2.5 0.6
η 2 +
0.4
1.5

1
0.2
0.5
0


0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 10 20 30 40 50

4
 λ

1
Yg  1g
Trials (thousands)

0.98
3.5 0.97
0.96
0.95 0.8
3
Average reward

2.5 0.6
η 2 +
0.4
1.5

1
0.2
0.5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 10 20 30 40 50

4
"$#

 
1
1g
Trials (thousands)
Yg  
0.98
3.5 0.97
0.96
0.95 0.8
3
Average reward

2.5 0.6
η 2 +
0.4
1.5

1
0.2
0.5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 10 20 30 40 50
λ Trials (thousands)

>q[P/+362QG+rN Xn JXHijBbRij/+3eQPoZiCR^J^ \ ie0>@BP[ \ ie R \ 27H B+AWoQ+A 5Ci5 A hsR2432Gf]+z:](]f]!R 36>@AWoZ^]WAC36>Z2 ^2hsij3
24AWv \ ih+R \ 2HR \ 362 2H/+Q+Y.AWRh2 3h/Poq2 ^HACQ+QPoZ>Z2 YD!-)k7+hsij3"Y+>65"243624BbR ] AWo@/P2 ^ ih^J ACBPYL") P   O+AC1!QPoZ2
'

Rf3AW>@BP>@BP[ v4/+3_]C2 ^0RfACyp24B7hsij3H24AWv \ /+Q+Y.ApR23/PoZ2Cz.v iP3362 ^fQ ijBPY+>@BP[ Ri,R \ 2e]WAWo@/P2,ih_  ACBPYNL1!AC3yW2 Y
( +* '

SC5 A $'ijB24AWv \ v ijBbRij/+3QPoqibR4) g \ 2,Y+iCRhR2 Y oZ>@BP2!>Z^eR \ 2BPiP31!AWoZ>Z^2 Y A ]C243Ap[C2Bj/+1,S 243ih^R24QP^


RfACyW24B>@B24Apv \ Rf3_>cApo Ks1!A;P>@1,/+1 fR 36>@AWo%oZ24BP[CR \ e Ap^ l(]f],^R24QP^ M )

T9
g 3AW>@BP>@BP[812 R \ ijY O+/Pv v 2 ^h^ h /Po 36ijS iCR^ \ Q+Y.AWR2 ^RfACyp24B g 36>@AWo"oZ24BP[CR \
Kh 36ij1 9fJfM Ks1,>ZoZoq>ZijBP^ M K h^ R24QP^ M
OPRfACBPY.AC36Y T > G+)@T GfO+) >
,K0L M lCl V.:) ] GCl+6) J
9 X,.-0/ lWV l+w) V VjU+6) J
g ACSPoZ2l+r,O+/+1!1!AC365ih0^f/Pv v 2 ^h^ h /PoH36ijS iCRE ^ K R \ iC^2 A ]C243hAW[C>@BP[!/8]1xU(GA4]b243AW[C2!Q+A 5Ci5;iW]C243eR \ 2
ocAp^RT]+z6]f]f]eR 3AW>@BP>@BP[!Rf36>@AWoZ^ M z>h 36iP1 9(JY+>65"243624BbR2L ACBPY v ij1,SP>cB+ApR>ZijBP^I/P^>@BP[ijB(- oZ>cBP2!/+Q Y.AWR2 ^4)
XHiCo@/+1!BP^^ \ ie BP/+1,S+243?ih /+Q Y.AWR2 ^1!ApY+2iW]C243HR \ 2eR 36>@AWoZ^4z AbBPY R \ 2,A4]b243AW[C2BP/+1,S+243?ih^R24QP^
36 2 =/P>@362 YR7i H BPYR \ 2e[CijAWo"Sb5 R \ 2e24BPY")

"$#
 
     
 
 



4 1
0.98
3.5 0.97
0.96 0.8
3 0.95
Average reward

2.5 0.6
η 2


 

0.4
1.5 

1 
0.2 
"$#  
0.5
0
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
λ Updates (millions)

>q[P/+362J+r N X  g \ 2Hv ijBbRij/+3 QPoZiCR ^ \ i e?^ R \ 2HQ+A 5Ci5!oZ2 ]C2 oZ^ AWv \ >Z2 ]C2 Y!SC5e9 X ,.-0/Rf3hAW>@BP2 Y36ijS iCR^
A h Rh243TC)6G 1,>ZoZoZ>ZijB /+Q Y.AWR2 ^4) P   g\ 2,^fAC1,2JR \ 362 2,2A;+AC1!QPoZ2![j3AbQ \ ^h 36ij1 >Z[.)3G+zNR \ >Z^eR>@1,2
'
( +* '
QPoqibRR2 Y Ap[jAW>@BP^R0/+Q+Y.AWRh2 ^ 3ApR \ 243HR \ ACBR 36>@AWoZ^4)
L8I]+):] zf]+)xlfG+z]+):G z ]+)6OfG+zf]+) >(G+zjTb):]mhsij3 24AWv \ ih R \ 2 R \ 362 2I/+Q+Y.ApR203/PoZ2 ^ /P^2 Y"zPACBPY!^ \ ie;R \ 2 H B+AWo
Q+A45bi 5 A ]C243Ap[C2 Y iW]C243tR \ 2Jo@AW^RT] z:]f]f]Rf36>@AWoZ^4) g\ 2J[j3ACQ \ ^?ijBR \ 236>Z[ \ R0^ \ ie R65+QP>qv4Apo oZ24AC3hBP>cBP[
v4/+36]C2 ^.h ij336ijS iCR^R \ AWR0oZ24AC3hB Rhi83624Apv \ R \ 2[CiPAWo"v ijBP^>Z^Rh24BCRoZ5C) /sR>Z^2eHij36R \ 36241241S 2436>@BP[R \ AWR
R \ 2e2A=; QPoZij3hAWR>ZijB h AWv RiP3  \ AW^I3624AWv \ 2 Y >ZR^1,>@BP>c1,/+1 ]WAWo@/P2ih ]+):]+TeAWR0lf] z:]f]f]JRf36>@AWoZ^4)
< 2^2 2 R \ AWRR \ 2 Q 243!h iP31!ACBPv 2i, h R \ 2 36ijS iCR^Rf3hAW>@BP2 Y /P^>@BP[ S+AWv y(e Ab36Y 3624QPo@A45 >Z^ ]b24365
^24BP^>ZR>Z]C2Ri R \ 2v \ ib>qv 2ieh oZ24AC3BP>@BP[ Q+AC3Ab1,2 R2436^ ;AbBPY "L z ?e >qR \ ^RfAbBPY.AC36Y,.- oZ24AC3hBP>cBP[;iPBPoq5
Q+36ijY./Pv >@BP[ijBP2,Rf3h/Poq5^ /Pv v 2 ^^ h /Po 36iPS+iCR4) g.\ 2362 ^f/PoZR^^sh ij3  ^f/Pv v 2 ^^ h /Po "36ijS+ibR^ K R \ ib^2A ]C243AW[C>@BP[
/8]x1 UfG Q+A 5Cia5 AWv436iC^^eR \ 2H B+AWoT+] z:](]f!] R 36>@AWoZ^ ,M AC362!^f/+11!AC36>Z^2 Y >@B RfAbSPoq2TCzie \ 24362>qRJv4ACB S+2
^2 24BR \ ApR 9 X,.-0/ ACBPYc,K!L0M Q 243!sh ij31 h AC3HS+2 RRh243HR \ ACB^R ACBPY.AC36Yc,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[.)
/ Bv iPBCRf3hAW^R4zPR \ 2ev ijBbRij/+3?QPoqibR^msh ij3HijB(- oZ>@BP2!/+Q+Y.AWR>@BP[NPK >Z[.)GfH M ^ \ ie h AC3HoZ2 ^^^24BP^>ZR>Z]j>ZR65Ri
R \ 2Iv \ iC>Zv 2i"h oq24Ab3BP>@BP[ Q+AC3AC12 R2436^4) *I^Hv4ACBS+2^2 24B h 36iP1 RfACSPoZ2el+zCR \ 2IBj/+1,S 243 AbBPYp +/+AWoZ>ZR`5ih
R \ 2e^f/Pv v 2 ^^ h /Po 36iPS+iCR^H>Z^0[j3_24AWRoZ5 >@BPv43624Ap^2 Y"z0e >ZR \ R \ 2S 2 ^RI362 ^ /PoqRh^mh iP39 X,.-0 / Rf3AW>@BP2 Y 36ijS iCR^
/P^>@BP[ ijB(- oZ>@BP2!/+Q+Y.AWRh2 ^4)
< \ 24B v iP1!Q+AC36>@BP[R \ 2Q+243!sh ij31!AbBPv 2 i0 h R \ 2ijB(- oZ>@BP2 Rf3hAW>@BP2 Y 36iPS+iCR^ z R \ 2 A ]C243AW[C2Q+A45bi"5 ^
362 v 2 >Z]C2 Y Sb5R \ 2 36iPS+iCR^eY+iBPiCR^ \ i e R \ 2e \ iCoZ2 QP>Zv Rf/+362C) g\ 2Bj/+1,S+243Jih ' +-A . R ACyW24B>@B
Gf+] z:]f](e] Rf36>@AWoZ^0]WAC36>Z2 ^0v ijBP^h>qY+243hACSPoZ5 S+2 R He 2 24BR \ 2eY+>65 243_24BCR0R 3AW>@BP>@BP[ 1,2 R \ iPY+^4)F >Z[.),J ^ \ i0e ^HR \ 2
^fAC1,2t[j3ACQ \ ^AW^ish ij3 >Z[.)fG z S+/PR0e >ZR \ R \ 2m;(`- AP; >q^ ^hv4AWoZ2 >@B,Rh2431,^ ih /+Q+Y.AWRh2 ^ 3AWR \ 243"R \ AbBBP/+1S 243
T V
9 A ;P>@1/+1 Rf36>@AWo a ;+QPoZij3AWR>ZijB *I]b243AW[C2 e( ijApo 0X 3Ap^ \ O+A h 2
oZ24BP[CR \ K ^Rh24QP^ M ] AWo@/P2  Q+A 5Ci5 K R>@1,2 Yij/PR M
T ]f] PB ijBP2 ]+)x&U >WV fU JCl G lf9
]+:) ]+T ]+)x&U >+T fU Jf] U l+T
fl ]f] BPijBP2 ]+)xUbU+T U >f] G TG
]+:) ]+T ]+)xUbfU 9 U >CU U l
Gf]f] BPijBP2 ]+)xUbU+T U >f] G TG
]+:) ]+T ]+)xUbfU 9 CU Uf] U T
g CA SPoZ2Q9 re9 X ,.-0/;Rf3hAW>@BP2 Y 36ijS iCReR2 ^R2 YijB T](]f]3ACBPY+ij1oq5[C24BP243hAWR2 Y 36iPij1,^4z+e0>ZR \ ] AC365P>@BP[
1!A;P>c1,/+1 R 63 >@AWo"oZ24BP[CR \ ^4zNACBPYce0>ZR \ AbBPYce0>ZR \ ij/PR?2A;=QPoZij3ApR>ZijB%)

>q[P/+3623O+r,N X  "*
' fR 3Ap>cBP2 Y36ijS iCRH>@BAR65+QP>Zv4AWo%Rf3AW>@BP>@BP[!24Bb]j>@36ijB+124BCR4) (P +*' g\ 2^fAC12 36iPS+iCR
>cBABPiW]C2 oN24BC]P>@36ijB+1,24BbRv iPBP^>Z^R>@BP[!ih"v >@36v4/Po@AC3tijSPD62 v R^>@BA36iPij1'l+):GR>@1,2 ^Ho@AC36[C243 R \ ACB,>ZR \ AW^
^2 24BY./+36>@BP[Rf3AW>@BP>@BP[.)
ih R 36>@AWoZ^4)*^v4ACB S 2^2 24B%zNR \ 2e9 X,.-0/ Rf3AW>@BP2 Y 3_ijS+iCRh^ \ A ]C2ev ijBb]C2436[C2 YRi A,^iboc/PRh>qiPB>@B e 2 oZo
/+BPY+243eA 1,>ZoZoZ>ZijB /+Q Y.AWR2 ^4zNv ij1!Q+Ab362 YRi!iW]C243l 1,>ZoZoZ>ZijB hsij3 ,K0L M?ACBPYV81,>ZoZoZ>ZijB hsij30^hRfACBPY.AC36Y
,.- oq24Ab3BP>@BP[.)
g i Q+/PRR \ >Z^,>@B Q+2436^ Q+2 v R>Z]C2Cz R \ 2!v ijBbRij/+3e1!ACQ>cB >Z[.)J 3_24Q+362 ^24BbR^eR \ 2 A ]C243Ap[C2!Q+A45bi5"^
362 v 2 >Z]C2 Y Sb5R \ 2!9 X ,.-0/ Rf3AW>@BP2 Y 36iPS+iCR^A h R243,Tb:) G1,>ZoZoq>ZijB;AbQ+QPoq>Zv4AWRh>qiPBP^!ih R \ 2 /+Q+Y.AWRh2 3/PoZ2 
R \ 2![j3AbQ \ ^^ h ij3R \ 2!iCR \ 2430R eHi1,2 R \ iPY+^AC3_2 BPiCRe^ \ i eIBAW^JR \ 2 5 AC362,]j>@36R /+AWoZoq5 SPocAbB+y>s)w2C) BPi
^RfACBPY.AC3_Q 5 9v ij1,SP>@B+AWR>ZijBP^0i hs!AbBPc
Y ,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[ R AC/P[ \ R36ijS+ibR^4zjAbBPY ijBPoZQ Y L7hsij3 ,K0L M z \ A4]b2IoZ2 Y
Ri A,36ijS iCR e \ >Zv \ A ]C243AW[b2 ^ AQ+A45bi 5 [j3_24AWR243tR \ ACY B ]+) fU G4e0>ZR \ >@B Tb:) G,1,>ZoqoZ>ZijB/+Q+Y.ApR2 ^4)
  IO ( 9;NO9;= 9N=D
 

OPi.ze \ AWR >Z^ R \ 20S+2 ^hR36ijS+ibR v ijBCR 36iCoZoZ243 R \ AWR v4ACB,S+2IAWv \ >Z2 ]C2 Ye0>ZR \ v ijB+BP2 v Rh>qiPBP>q^hR 362 >@B(hsij36v 241,24BbR
1,2 R \ iPY+^ g ACSPoZ2Q9^f/+1!1!AC3_>q^h2 ^eR \ 2362 ^ /PoqRh^^h ij3A36ijS+ibReRf3AW>@BP2 Y /P^>@BP[ijB(- oZ>@BP2!9 X,.-0/ e0>ZR \
A,Rf3AW>@BP>@BP[3AWR26ihl+):] z.ACBPY L2 =/+Apo Ri ]+)xlfG+zPijBYG(]+z:]f]f],3AbBPY+ij1,oZ5[C24BP243AWRh2 Y 36ijiP1,^4);< >ZR \


ijBPoZ5 T ]f]^R24QP^eA ] AW>Zo@ACSPoZ2!Ri3624AWv \ R \ 2[CijApo Q+iC^h>qRh>qiPB%z"R \ 2,36ijS+ibRh AW>ZoZ^l iahR \ 2,R>@1,2Y./P2,Ri



TG
R>@1,2 - ij/PR^4) g\ 2,Bj/+1,S+243?ihR>@1,2 - iP/PR^0Y.36ijQP^Ri Tb):G >6h lf]f]^R24QRf36>@AWoZ^eAC362,AWoZoqieH2 Y"z#e0>ZR \ BPi
3624AWo.>@1!Q+3_i ]b241,24BCR hsij3ApoqoZie0>@BP[!>@BPv43624AW^h2 Y Bj/+1,S+243_^0ih"^R24QP^4) <?iCR2R \ AWRtR \ 2I^h5j^Rh241 Q 243!hsij31,^

S+2 RR24^3 e?>qR \ A^ 1!AWoZo Ab1,ij/+BbRIihH2A;=QPoZij3hAWR>ZijB%z%2 ]C24B e \ 24B h /PoZoZ5 R 3AW>@BP2 Y") g\ >Z^e>Z^S 2 v4AC/P^2!R \ 2
oq>@1,>ZR2 Y^24BP^ij365e>@(B hsij31!ApR>ZijB,A4]WAW>Zo@ACSPoZ20RiR \ 2 36iPS+iCR 1!ACyW2 ^ R \ 20Q+36ijSPoZ241 BPijB(- 9 AC3yWiW]P>@ACB%z4^hiI>@B
^ij1,20^h>qR /+AWR>ZijBP^H>ZR >Z^0BPiCRtv oq24Ab!3 - v4/PmR e \ >Zv \ AWv R>ZijBRieRfACyp2C) / h R \ 2I3_ijS+iCRH1!ACyW2 ^HAeY+2 R243h1,>@BP>q^hR>Zv
Y+2 v >q^h>qiPB%+z e \ >Zv \ o@AWR243HoZ24AWY+^>ZR S+Apv yRiR \ 2e^fAC1,2J^RfAWRh2Czj>Z^R e0>ZoZo [C2 R?v4AC/P[ \ R0>@B AoqiPijQ%)H* oZ>qRhRoZ2
2A;=QPoZij3ApR>ZijB%z \ i eH2 ]C243 zPv4ACB \ 2 o@QR \ 2,36ijS+ibR iP/PR0i h ^f/Pv \ ^>ZRf/+AWR>ZijBP^eSb5 [C>Z]P>@BP[8A!Q+3_ijS+ACSP>ZoZ>qR65i h
Q+24!3 hsij31,>@BP[A,Y+6> 5"243624BCRAWv R>ZijB%)
>Z[.) O^ \ i e0^,R \ 2Rf3ApD`2 v RiP365RfACyW24B SC5 R \ 2 36iPS+iCR,>@B ijB;AR65=QP>Zv4AWoI3hACBPY+ij1,oZ5 [C24BP243AWR2 Y
Rf3AW>@BP>@BP[ 24Bb]j>@36iPB+1,24BCR z ACBPY >@B ABPiW]C2 o  v >c3_v oq2 eHij36oZY %24Bb]j>@36ijB+124BCR h ij^3 e \ >qv \ >ZR3_2 v 2 >q]b2 Y BPi
AWY+Y+>ZR>ZijB+AWo Rf3AW>@BP>@BP[.z+Y+241,iPBP^Rf3AWRh>cBP[R \ 2e[C24BP243AWoZ>ZR65i h >qRh^0v ijBbRf36iCo"Q+iboq>Zv 5C)

S
3


S 

Y L J 
]  

  E IOPQD 58 .O 6 


g\ 2 v ijBbRij/+3QPoZiCR^ iah >Z[.)HV ACBPY G ^ \ ie \ ie R \ 2 v \ iC>Zv 2 ihR 3AW>@BP>@BP[ 3AWRh2  ACBPY g d^-
 

oq24Ab3BP>@BP[83ApR72 L v4ACB2 5"2 v R0R \ 2e^f/+SP^2 +/P24BCR^f/Pv v 2 ^^0iP3 h Ap>qo@/+362Jih R \ 2e^h5j^Rh241 Ri,v ijBb]C2436[C2eRi!A
^f/Pv v 2 ^^ h /Po^iboc/PRh>qiPB%) OPij1,2,]WAWo@/P2 ^^h>c1QPoq5 362 ^f/PoZR>@B]C243_5 ^oZie v ijBb]C2436[C24BPv 2!Rh>c12 ^ iCR \ 2436^e>@B
v ij1!QPoZ2 R.2 h AW>Zo@/+362RieoZ24AC3B!A^f/Pv v 2 ^^ h /Po Q iCoZ>Zv 5C) g \ >Z^t>q^0S 2 v4AC/P^2ih R \ 2?[C24BP243AWoZ>Z^fAWR>ZijBQ+36ijQ 2436R65
ih BP24/+3AWo BP2 R e iP3yC^ 'z e \ >qv \ 1,24ACBP^eR \ ApR0>@(B h ij3h1!AWR>ZijBv4ACB S 2  h ij3_[CiCRR24B+AW^^eH2 oZo AW^oZ24AC3BbR4)$/@h
R \ 2 Q+Ab3AC1,2 R243_^v \ iC^24BY./+36>@BP[!Rf3AW>@BP>@BP[!AC362e/+BP^f/P>ZRfACSPoZ2Cz+R \ 2e36ijS iCmR e0>ZoZo hsij36[b2 R>@(B h iP31!AWR>ZijBAW^
h AW^hRIAW^0>ZRoq24Ab3BP^I>ZR4z%ACBPY^i S+2,/+B+ACSPoZ2,Ri!v ijBb]C2436[C2eiPB A,^f/Pv v 2 ^h^ h /Po ^iCo@/PR>ZijB%) .g \ >q^>Z^ e \ 5 BPi
Q+36ijai h ^ 5C2 R A2 ;P>q^hR 362 [jAb36Y+>@BP[eR \ 2Hv ijBC]b2436[C24BPv 20i h,.- oZ24AC3hBP>cBP[,ij3 g ^d -`AWoZ[Cij36>ZR \ 1,^ >@B,v ijB+BP2 v R>ZijBP>Z^R
^5j^hR241,^4)
XHijBP^h 2 =/P24BbRoZ5CzW>ZR >q^ Y+2 ^>@3ACSPoZ20Rhi /P^2HRf3hAW>@BP>cBP[e1,2 R \ iPY+^ R \ AWR AC362oZ2 ^^ ^h24BP^>ZR>Z]C20Ri0R \ 2 v \ iC>Zv 2
i h.Rf3AW>@BP>@BP[Q+AC3Ab1,2 R2436^4z Ri A ]Cib>qY \ A ]j>@BP[Ri Q 24!3 hsij31 3624Q+24AWRh2 YA2 ;+Q+243_>c124BCR^ Rhi02 ^RfACSPoZ>Z^ \ e \ >qv \
] AWo@/P2 7^ eHij3yS+2 ^hR4) g \ 2 362 ^ /PoqRh^Q+362 ^24BbR2 Y >@BR \ 2!o@AW^hRe^2 v R>ZijB^f/P[b[C2 ^ReR \ AW R !&-)8"e/+Q+Y.ApR2 ^
ACBPY R \ 2!/P^2Ji h9 X ,.-0/ ij3 ,K0L M z.AW^0ijQ+Q iC^2 YRi^RfACBPY.Ab36c Y ,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[ /+Q Y.AWR2 ^4z \ 2 o@Q 362 Y./Pv 2
R \ >Z^I^24BP^h>qRh>q]P>ZR65C)
g \ 2] AWo@/P2Ji h /P^2 YY e0AW%^ H;j2 YR \ 3_ij/P[ \ ij/PRHR \ 2A2 ;=Q 2436>@1,24BbR^IQ+362 ^24BbR2 Y AWR ]+) UCU+N) < >ZR \ BPi
Y+>q^hv ij/+BCRh>cBP[Nz.R \ 2,h 36ijS iCRHv4ACB AC3h36>Z]C2AWR0^iboc/PRh>qiPBP^IR \ ApR 3_24ACQ \ >Z[ \ H B+AWo Q+A 5Ci 5"^4z+S+/PR0Y+i BPibRI/P^2
2  v >Z24BCR,Rf3ApD`2 v Rhij36>Z2 E ^ KsAbBPY \ 24BPv 2R \ 2 36iPS+iCRJ>q^,i hsR24BRh>c12 BY - ij/PR M ) g i >ZoZo@/P^Rf3ApR2R \ >Z^4z >Z[.) >
^ \ i e0^HR \ 2eRf3AW>@BP>@BP[v4/+36]C2 m^ hsij3tR e i,36ijS iCR^I/P^>@BP[!9 X ,.-0/ e0>ZR \ ACBPY Y e?>qR \ ij/PR0Y+>Z^v ij/+BbR>@BP[.)t*I^
v4ACB S 2^2 24B%ztR \ 28/+BPY+>Z^v iP/+BCR2 Y 36ijS iCR,Y+ij2 ^,v ijBP^>ZY+243AbSPoq_ 5 eHij3_^2Cz 2 ^fQ+2 v >@AWoZoZ5 >@B R \ 2 A ]C243Ap[C2
Bj/+1,S+243?i h^Rh24QP^0RfACyW24BQ+243?Rf36>@AWoszNY+2 ^fQP>ZR2,R \ ^2 h Apv RIR \ ApR0R \ 24362J>q^ijBPoZ5 AT Y+6> 5"243624BPv 2,>cBR \ 2
/+Q+Y.AWR2 ^eS+2 >@BP[1!AWY+2AWR?24AWv \ Rh>c12^R24Q%)

>@B+AWoZoZ5Czj^hij1,2HR2 ^R^ \ A ]C2H^ \ i eIBJR \ ApR R \ 2?v ijBC]b2436[C24BPv 2Hi h R \ 2IBP24/+3AWo.BP2 R eHij3yb^ 3_2 oq>Z2 ^ \ 24A f] -
>qoZ5 ijBR \ 2A2 ;+QPoqiP3AWR>ZijB /P^2 Y;AWRe24AWv \ ^R AW[C2!i h0oZ24AC3BP>@BP[.H ) /@hI>ZR,>Z^RhijioZi e 24AC36oZ5ijB R \ 24B R \ 2
36ijS+ibR0v4ACB+BPiC.R H BPY>c1Q+36iW]C2 Y Q iCoZ>qv >Z2 ^4iz e \ >ZoZ^RI6> hH>qR>Z^IRhiji \ >Z[ \ AWRA!o@AWR243?^RfAp[C2eR \ 24BR \ 23AC(B -
Y+ij1!BP2 ^^0>@BbR24!3 hs24362 ^ e0>ZR \ R \ ^2 H BP2Rf/+BP>@BP[ 36 2 +/P>@362 Y Rhi \ A ]C23_2 oq>@ACSPoZ2,Q+iCoZ>Zv >Z2 ^R \ AWRH^f/Pv v 2 ^h^ h /PoZoZ5
oq24ApYRiR \ 2[CijApo G) < \ 24B/P^>@BP[ AktiCoZR
41!AbB+B!Y+>Z^Rf3_>cS+/PRh>qiPB%z.R \ 243_2 h ij3_2CzCR \ 2e3AWR2?i h"v ijBC]b2436[C24BPv 2
>q^Y+>@362 v RoZ5oZ>@B+yW2 Y e0>ZR \ R \ 23hAWR2ei h 3_2 Y./Pv R>ZijBi h )
XHoZ24AC36oZ5JR \ 24362 hsij362Cz R \ 2v \ iC>Zv 20i h.]WAWo@/P2 =^ h ij3 R \ 2 \ 24/+36>Z^R>ZvIQ+AC3Ab1,2 R2436^ /P^h2 Y>@BJv ijB+BP2 v R>ZijBP>Z^R
,.- oq24Ab3BP>@BP[ >Z^Jv436>ZR>Zv4AWo>@Bij3_Y+243eRi[j/+Ab3ACBbR2 2^f/Pv v 2 ^h^ h /Potv ijBb]C2436[C24BPv 2C) g \ 3h/+B ACBPY OPv \ e0AC3_R

K6T4UCfU 9(M Q+3_i ]P>ZY+2 Yoq>@1,>ZR^ h iP3 S+AW^2 YijBR \ 2Rf36>@AWo oq24BP[bR \ ACBPY BP/+1,S+243i hAWv R>ZijBP^A ] Ap>qo@ACSPoZ2,Ri
A^h5j^Rh241z+AW^^f/+1,>@BP[!iPBP2 - ^R24h Y Q ,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[>Z^IS+2 >@BP[/P^2 Y"z.S+/PRI1ij362[C24BP243AWo"362 ^f/PoZR^AC362AW^H5C2 R
/+B+A4]WAW>Zo@ACSPoZ2C)
TJ
g  m g
1 1

0.8 0.8
Average reward

Average reward
0.6 0.6

0.4 0.4

0.2 0.2

0 0
0 10 20 30 40 50 0 10 20 30 40 50
Trials (thousands) Trials (thousands)

>q[P/+362p>+re(3hACQ \ ^^ \ ie0>@BP[R \ 22 52 v Reiah R \ 2Y+>Z^v iP/+BCR4h AWv Rij3 )ktiCR \ 36ijS+ibR^2eH24362,Rf3AW>@BP2 Y
/P^>@BP[!9 X,.-0/ e0>ZR \ .'  TC):]AbBPY L  ]+):G+) g\ 2IY+ibRR2 Yoq>@BP2 ^^ \ ih e R \ 2BPiP31!AWoZ>Z^2 Y BP/+1S 243tih
^R24QP^IQ 2430Rf3_>cApo )
2  /=  D %+  7E=Q
  

g\ 2 3_2 ^f/PoZR^Hih R \ 2R2 ^R^%h iP3/P^>@BP[,ijB(- oZ>@BP2/+Q+Y.ApR>@BP[!v ij1!Q+AC3_2 Y Ri,S+AWv yfe0AC36Y3624QPo@A45AC3620>@BbR243!-


2 ^R>@BP[ +ij(B - oZ>@BP2 /+Q Y.AWR>@BP[ v iPBP^>Z^R24BbRoZ5 Q+243!hsij31,^1/Pv \ 1,ij3_2e^f/Pv v 2 ^^ h /PoZoq5iW]C243HA7e0>ZY+2433ACBP[C2
ih Rf3Ap>cBP>@BP[Q+AC3AC12 R2436^ h iP3 Apoqo=9/+Q Y.AWR2,3/PoZ2 ^4) g\ >Z^0>Z^( =/P>ZR2e^f/+3hQ+36>Z^>@BP[.z Ap^ S+Apv y(e0AC36Y3624QPo@A45
\ AW^!R \ 2 S 24BP2 H.Ri h \ A ]P>@BP[ AWoZo0^RfApR2 -`AWv R>ZijB;Q+AW>@36^^RiP362 NY hsij3,R \ 2Rf36>@AWosz0ACBPY S+2 >@BP[ /+Q Y.AWR2 Y
/P^>@BP[ ^f/+Q 2436]P>q^h2 Y oZ24AC3hBP>cBP[S+AW^2 YijBR \ ^2 H B+AWo 36A2 e0AC36Y") b?i e 2 ]b243 zP>q.R e iP/PoqY^2 241 R \ ApR0ij(B - oZ>@BP2
oq24Ab3BP>@BP[ \ AW^tR \ 20AWY+] ACBbRfAW[b2 R \ AWR R \ 2 2 oZ>Z[C>@SP>Zo@>ZR>@2 ^IApv R >cBA^>@1,>ZocAb3 e0A 5eRiARH !H  ' H R2431 z 
Q+36iW]j>ZY+>@BP[ /+Q Y.AWR2 ^R \ AWR 3_2 Y./Pv 2!R \ 2,24336ij3Rhi
2436iNz">@BP^R24AWYi hHv ijBb]C2436[C>@BP[ AW^5+1!QPRibR>Zv4AWoZoq5>@B
Q+36ijQ+iP36R>ZijBRi!R \ 21,24ACB2^ =/+AC3_2 Y24336ij3 )tm36iW]P>qY+>@BP[A!1,ij124BCRf/+1'R243h1 h iP3HR \ 2/+Q+Y.ApR2 ^ Q 24!3 -
h ij3h1,2 YY./+36>@BP[S+Apv (y e0AC36Y 3_24QPocA 5v ij/PoZY \ 2 o@Q AWv \ >Z2 ]C2R \ 2!^fAC122 5"2 v QR KsAp^e>qRJY+ij2 ^e>@B BPij31!Apo
^f/+Q+2436]P>Z^2 Y oZ24AC3BP>@BP[ R AW^fyb^ M zS+/PR Apoq^hi >@BCRf3_ijY./Pv 2 ^ACBPiCR \ 243 \ 24/+36>Z^Rh>qv Q+AC3hAC1,2 R243JR \ AW7R eHij/PoZY
BP2 2 Y ^2 RRh>cBP[Y./+36>@BP[ Rf3hAW>@BP>cBP[N)
KJ ;9 587>< 09; 9
A7l+O E=Q 
(
g\ 283_2 ^f/PoZR^,^ \ ie R \ 283_2 ocApR>Z]C28Q 243!hsij31!ACBPv 2ih0R \ 2E9Y+>65243_24BCR4hsij31,^eihI/+Q Y.AWR23/PoZ2C) / R>Z^


>c1Q+ij36R ACBCRtRi3_241,241,S+243 R \ AWR AWoZo+9eih"R \ 2 ^2/+Q+Y.AWR2e3/PoZ2 ^0AC36202A;+AWv RoZ5!2 +/P>Z] AWoZ24BbRe \ 24B1+4'8C
[j362 2 Y+5 Apv R>ZijBP^AC3_2RfACyp24B Y./+3_>cBP[ARf36>@AWos) g\ 2!Y+>65"243624BPv 2!>@BR \ 2!/+Q+Y.ApR2 ^iPv v4/+36^eijBPoZ5 e \ 24B
2A;=QPoZij3ApRij365AWv R>ZijBP^IAb362eRfACyW24B%)
\?^>@BP[^RfAbBPY.AC36Q
Y ,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP
[ e?>qR \ L!^2 RRhi
24362i hsij3BPiP(B -`Q+iCoZ>Zv 58Apv R>ZijBP^4fz eH2 >Z[ \ R2 oZ>Z[C>@SP>Zo@>ZR>@2 ^
AC362!ijBPoZ5;AWoZoZi eH2 Y Ri S+/P>ZoZY /+Q e \ 24B R \ 2 36iPS+iCRJRfACyW2 ^,A ^h 2 =/P24BPv 2i h0[j3_2 2 Y+5 Q+iCoZ>Zv 5;AWv R>ZijBP^
R \ 2 5 AC362
2436ij2 Y Y e \ 24B ACBA2 ;=QPoZij3ApRij365 Apv R>ZijB,>Z^0RfACyp24B%) .g \ >q^H^RhijQP^R \ 2e362 ^f/PoZR^Hi h"A2 ;+QPoZij3AWRiP365
AWv R>ZijBP^ h 36ij1 S 2 >@BP[  ^2 24BjSb5,24AC36oZ>Z243AWv R>ZijBP^ zjS+/PR Apoq^hi1,24ACBR \ AWR ^RfApR2 ^ ^2 2IAv ijBCRh>cBP/+AWo+iW]C24!3 -
2 ^R>@1!AWR>ZijBi h R \ 2Q+A 5Ci 5"^0A ] AW>Zo@ACSPoZ2Cz"AW^0R \ 2 58AC3_2AWo e0A 5j^HRf3Ap>cBP2 YijBR \ 21!A ;P>@1,/+1 +4%A&k# %A
,.- ] AWo@/P2 ApR24Apv \ ^R24I Q K g \ 3/+B ACBPY OPv \ e0AC3_R
T4UC(U 9fM c ) b?i e 2 ]b243 z >cB;Av ijB+BP2 v Rh>qiPBP>q^hR!^5P^R241z
[C24BP243AWoZ>Z^fAWR>ZijBiPv v4/+36^4(z e \ >Zv \ 124ACBP^R \ ApRR \ 202 5"2 v R^Hi h S+AWYA2 ;=QPoZij3ApRij365!AWv R>ZijBPm^ e0>ZoZo"S+2^2 24B
SC5 BP24AC3hSC5^R AWR2 ^02 ]C24B6> hL >Z^I^2 RRi
243_i RiRf365Ri8Q+3_2 ]C24BCR?R \ >Z^4z.^hi R \ >Z^>Z^ei h oZ>@1,>ZR2 Y ]WAWo@/P2Cz
ACBPY^>@1!QPoZ53_2 ^f/PoZR^e>@B R \ 2>@(B hsij31!ApR>ZijBoq24Ab3BCRSb5[CiPijYA2 ;+QPoZij3AWRiP365 AWv R>ZijBP^S 2 >cBP[/P^2 YoZ2 ^^
k@sJA<KM<DE$CpmA@;JAI E$C;@;n KM<6J ': GS>7<DEP@;>AIM2C@7g
 

TO
2 52 v Rh>q]b2 oq5C) g.\ 2iW]C243AWoZo%2 5"2 v RI>Z^R \ AWR0^hRfACBPY.AC36Yc,.- oZ24AC3hBP>cBP[v iPBC]C243_[C2 ^0oZ2 ^^( =/P>Zv yCoZ5Cz"ACBPYi ]b243
A^f1!AWoZoZ2433AbBP[C2!ihHRf3AW>@BP>@BP[ Q+AC3hAC1,2 R2436^K 2 ^fQ 2 v >@AWoZoq5;BPiCR>Zv4ACSPoZ2 e0>ZR \ S+AWv y(e Ab36Y 3624QPo@A 5MeR \ ACB
9.X ,.-0/ ijm3 ,K!LMHR65+Q+2/+Q Y.AWR2 ^4)
,K!LM >q^t>@B2 5"2 v RAv ij1,SP>@B+AWR>ZijBi h.^RfACBPY.Ab36Y,.- oq24Ab3BP>@BP[AbBPY9 X,.-0/ )fb0ieH2 ]C243 zC/+Q Y.AWR>@BP[
R \ 2!o@AW^RJ[j362 2 Y+5 Q+3_2 Y+>qv Rh>qiPB;S+AW^2 Y ijBR \ 2!BPA2 ;jR,Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijB%z Y+2 ^fQP>ZR2R \ 72 h AWv ReR \ AWReR \ 2!v ij3362 -
^fQ+ijBPY+>@BP[[j362 2 Y+5AWv R>ZijB e0AW^BPibRQ+24!3 hsij31,2 Y"z >Z^Av ij(B h /P^>@BP[ v ijBPv 24QPR z S+/PRAbQ+Q+24AC36^JRY i eHij3y
e 2 oZoH>@B Q+3hAWv R>Zv 2CzAWoZR \ ij/P[ \ >ZR>Z^ BPibRv oZ24AC43 e \ AWRJR \ 28Q+3_2 Y+>qv Rh>qiPBP^ 1!AWY+2 Sb5 >@BbR2431,2 Y+>@AWRY2 ,.-
h /+BPv R>ZijBP^HAWv Rf/+AWoZoZ5!3624Q+362 ^24BbR4) g \ 203/PoZ2>q^ ^hoq>Z[ \ RoZ5 \ AC3_Y+243 Rie>@1!QPoZ241,24BCRtR \ ACBJ2 >ZR \ 243 ^hRfACBPY.AC36Y
,.- oq24Ab3BP>@BP[ ij3t9 X ,.-0/ zNACBPY>@BR \ 2 ^2eA2 ;+Q+2436>@1,24BbR^eACQ+Q+24AC3_^0Ri,i 5"243BPi ApY+] ACBbRfAW[C2iW]C243H/P^>@BP[
R \ 2e9 X ,.-0/ R65+Q+2ei h/+Q+Y.ApR2 ^4)
< >ZR \ 9iPY+6> H.2 Y XHijB+BP2 v R>ZijBP>Z^Q R ,.- oZ24AC3hBP>cBP[NzR \ 2362 ^f/PoZR^,i h0A2 ;+QPoZij3AWRiP365 AWv R>ZijBP^!AC3_2!^2 24B
SC524AC36oZ>Z243e^hRfAWR2 ^4iz e \ >Zv \ R \ 24362 hsij362!oZ24AC3BR \ 2!A2 ;+Q+2 v R2 Y;Q+A 5Ci 5 A ] Ap>qo@ACSPoZ2>@B24AWv \ ^R AWR2,[C>Z]C24B
R \ 2!v4/+33624BbR,oZ2 ]C2 oi h0A2 ;+QPoZij3AWR>ZijB%)=a 5"2 v R>Z]C2 oZ5Cz R \ 2 3_>q^ yi h AQ+AC36R>Zv4/Po@AC3Jv ij/+36^h2 i hIAWv Rh>qiPBP^>Z^
S+/P>qoZR,>@B%z AW^e6> h ^hoq>Z[ \ RA2 ;+QPoZij3AWRh>qiPBv4ACBoZ24AWY RiY+>Z^fAW^Rh243 z%R \ 24BR \ 2Q+362 Y+>Zv R2 Y Q+A 5Cai 5.^ hsij3R \ AWR
^ 2 =/P24BPv 2i h AWv Rh>qiPBP3^ e0>ZoZo S 2!v ij3362 ^ Q+ijBPY+>@BP[CoZ5oZi eH243 z"/+BPoZ>@yW` 2 h iP3^RfACBPY.AC3_Y ,.- oZ24AC3hBP>cBP[Nkz e \ >qv \
AW>@1,^0ijBPoZ5Ri!oZ24AC3hBR \ 2Y+2 R243h1,>@BP>q^hR>Zv[P362 2 Y+58Q iCoZ>Zv 5C)
I2  3

S

/ B R \ >Z^83_24Q+ij36R zme 2 \ A ]C2 Q+362 ^24BbR2 Y 1,2 R \ iPY+^hsij3,iPB(- oq>@BP2 /+Q Y.AWR>@BP[ /P^>@BP[ BP24/+3AWoeBP2 R eHij3yb^
h ij3?362 >@B(h ij3_v 241,24BCReoZ24AC3hBP>cBP[N) g\ 2 ^2,1,2 R \ iPY+^ \ A ]C2,S+2 24BY+241,ijBP^hRf3AWR2 YijBA3624AWoZ>Z^R>Zv!1,ijSP>ZoZ2
36ijS+ibRQ+36ijSPoZ241ztACBPY \ A ]C2^ \ iIe BR \ AWRJijB(- oZ>@BP2oq24Ab3BP>@BP[ >Z^>@B h AWv RA1,ij3622 v >Z24BCR!1,2 R \ iPY
ih Q+243!sh ij31>cBP[/+Q+Y.AWRh2 ^eR \ ACBS+AWv yf0e AC36Y3624QPo@A 5 1,2 R \ iPY+^QK)/%>@B;T UCUClfM z >cBR2431,^eS+iCR \ iah^Rij3!-
AW[C2 362 +/P>@36241,24BbR^ ACBPY ^24BP^>ZR>Z]j>ZR65;RiRf3Ap>cBP>@BP[;Q+AC3AC12 R2436^4)_ed B(- oZ>@BP2 oZ24AC3hBP>cBP[ Apoq^hi \ AW^!R \ 2
AWY+] ACBbRfAW[b2R \ AWR>ZRev ij/PoZY S+2!/P^2 Y >cBv ijBbR>@BP/Pij/P^oZ5ijQ+243ApR>@BP[^5j^hR241,^^e \ 24362!BPi24BPYih Rf36>@AWo
v ijBPY+>ZR>ZijBP^IiPv v4/+3 )
/ B,AWY+Y+>ZR>ZijBRiIR \ >q^ zC^2 ]C243hAWojY+>6"
5 243624BbR/+Q+Y.AWRh2 3h/Poq2 ^ \ A ]C2 S 2 24B,v ijBP^>ZY+24362 Y"zb>cBPv o@/PY+>@BP[ ABP2Ae
h ij3h1 K 9 X,.-0/M S+Ap^2 Y81ij362H^Rf36iPBP[CoZ5iPB g d^- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[,R \ ACB,R \ 2 BPij3h1!AWo,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[!2 +/+AWR>ZijB%)
g\ >Z^ \ Ap^S+2 24B^ \ iIe B,Riev ijBb]C2436[b2 Rhi^iCo@/PR>ZijBP^t>@B!v ijBP^h>qY+243hACSPoZ57h 2AHe 243t/+Q+Y.AWR2 ^tR \ ACB,^hRfACBPY.AC36Y
,.- oq24Ab3BP>@BP[ iP3!R \ 2 ,K!LM /+Q Y.AWR2 3/PoZ2CzeACBPY Ri S 21ij362 36ijS+/P^RRhi R \ 2v \ iC>Zv 2 i,h Rf3AW>@BP>@BP[
Q+AC3AC1,2 Rh2436^4);/ Bv ij1!Q+AC3_>q^hijB?e >qR \ ,K!L M zb9 X,.-0/ w^HQ+243!sh ij31!AbBPv 2I>@1!Q+36iW]C24124BCRt>q^BPiCR^iJv oZ24AC3
v4/PR4z S+/PR^hR>Zoqo \ AW^,R \ 2 AWY+]WACBbRfAW[C2!ia?h Av ij1!Q+/PRfApR>ZijB+AWoZoZ5 ^>@1!QPoZ243!/+Q+Y.ApR283h/Poq2362 +/P>@36>@BP[ oZ2 ^^
^Rij3Ap[C2Cz+AW^me 2 oZo AW^0A,v oZ24AC36oZ5 Y+2 H BP2 YRfAC36[b2 R ,.-)h /+BPv R>ZijB sh ij3HACBC5[C>Z]C24BQ+iCoZ>Zv 5C)
d."h v ij/+36^2CzbR \ 2e362 ^f/PoZR^ Ap^ Aev iP1!Q+AC36>Z^ijBi"h Y+>:"5 243624BbR ,.- oZ24AC3hBP>cBP[/+Q+Y.AWR2e3/PoZ2 ^0AC362mh AC3ih 36ij1
v ijBPv o@/P^>Z]C2Cz AbBPYYh /+36R \ 243Hv ij1Q+AC3AWR>Z]C2^Rf/PY+>Z2 ^eBP2 2 Y Ri!S 21!AWY+2C) 0b iHe 2 ]C243 zPv4/+33624BbRoZ5 e iP3y,>Z^
S+2 >@BP[ v4AC3h36>Z2 Y iP/PRIRiv ij1!Q+AC362JR \ 2!Q+243!sh ij31ACBPv 2ih R \ 2Y+>6"5 243624BbR /+Q Y.AWR2!3/PoZ2 ^eijBAY+>q^hv4362 R2
^RfAWR2 - ^ Q+AWv 2 Q+36ijSPoZ241z%e \ 24362 Q+362 oZ>@1,>@B+AC365;362 ^f/PoZR^,^f/+Q+Q ij36R,R \ 2`h AWv RJR \ AWRJ9X.,.-0/ ACBPY ,K!LM
/+Q+Y.AWR2 ^eoZ24AWYRi`h AW^R243?v ijBb]C2436[C24BPv 2,R \ ACB^RfACBPY.Ab36Y$,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[_sK ACBPY h Ab3mh AW^R243 v ijBC]b2436[C24BPv 2
R \ ACB^>@1!QPoZ2,ijBP2 - ^R24QY,.- oZ24AC3hBP>cBP[B M )
 73    K  S P O  

g\ ACB+yb^ 1,/P^Rt[Ci,RiX \ 24B g\ AC1 AbBPY8-H>Zv \ O+/PRRhijB4sh ij3tR \ 2 >@3 \ 2 o@Q(h /Po"v ij1!124BCR^HijBR \ >Z^mHe ij3yN)
g\ >Z^ He ij3y>q^.h /+BPY+2 Y Sb58A,[P3ACBbR h 36ij1 R \ 2OPv >Z24BPv 2AbBPY aBP[C>@BP2 2436>@BP[ -H2 ^24Ab36v \ XHij/+BPv >Zos)

T>
 R Y
  
 Rm4
MS 
2S 
2
S   RT

.ij3Hv iP1!QPoZ2 R24BP2 ^^4z+R \ 2v4AWoZv4/Po@AWR>ZijBi_h 8; \ACBPY \ 24BPv 2R \ 2e2 oZ>Z[C>@SP>Zo@>ZR65 R 3AWv 2 ^0>Z^0[C>Z]C24B \ 24362C)
< 2,Y+2 H BP2 ABP24/+3ApoBP2 R0eHij3hy AW^eS+2 >@BP[ Av iCoZoZ2 v R>ZijB iah >@BCRh2436v ijB+BP2 v R2 Y '"" Ab33ACBP[C2 Y>@B
 &C   z=e \ >Zv \ eH2!o@ACS+2 o ! ! +11Z1Bh 36ij1#R \ 2 ij/PR Q+/PRo@A 5C243eRiR \ 2>cB+Q+/PRocA 5C243 ) * e 2 >Z[ \ RiPB A
v ijB+BP2 v R>ZijB h 36ij1 ocA 5C243
 Ri >Z^0o@ACS+2 oZoZ2 Y &  )atAWv \ /+BP>qReQ+2430h ij3h1,^0R \ 2^sh iCoZoZi ?e >cBP[`h /+BPv R>ZijB%z
  d K & )M   6K TJ(M
  6K TO(M
e \ 24362  >Z^0R \ 2iP/PRfQ+/PRmh 36ij1'o@A45b243ACBPY K 16MH>Z^IA    H?!&kA^h /+BPv R>ZijB%)
g\ 2eij/PR Q+/PR0[j3AWY+>Z24BbR   \ >Z^IY+2 H BP2 Y e)x3 )wR4)"R \ 2eij/PRfQ+/PR0o@A 5C243meH2 >Z[ \ R^IAW^4z
"   5 K  )M   K6T>(M
"'& 
e \ 24362 5 K 1:tM >Z^R \ 22H 36^hR0Y+>65 243_24BCR>@AWo ih R \ 2^h>q[P1,iC>ZYYh /+BPv R>ZijB%) g\ 24362 sh ij362Cz>h ij3 R \ 22H 36^hR \ >ZY+Y+24B
ocA 5C243 e 2 >Z[ \ R^4z R \ 2e[j3AWY+>Z24BbR0>Z^I^h>c1QPoq5Cz
"   5 K  AM &  5 K  M  e K6T4U(M
"'& e
g\ 2 ^2,] AWo@/P2 ^AC3_2AWY+Y+2 YRi!R \ 2v4/+33624BbR2 oq>Z[C>@SP>Zo@>ZR>@2 ^ )(24BP243AWoZoZ5Cz%R \ 243623He ij/PoZY S+2,ijBP2Jij/PRfQ+/PR
[j3AWY+>Z24BbR7h iP3,24AWv \ ij/PRfQ+/PRhzACBPY \ 24BPv 2e2 oZ>Z[C>@SP>Zoq> R>Z2 ^cHe ij/PoZY S 2 362 =/P>@362 Y sh ij3J24AWv \ e 2 >Z[ \ R4z
^i R \ ApR3e \ 24B 24AWv \ ij/PR Q+/PRw^eR241!Q ij3AWotY+>65 243_24BPv 224336ij3 zG_ 6z AC336>Z]C2 Y"z R \ 2`e 2 >Z[ \ R^Jv ij/PoZY S+2
.&  e ^ d _   e
/+Q+Y.AWR2 YAWv v ij36Y+>@BP[Ri.z
sK lf](M
e \ 24362   e >Z^ R \ 22 oq>Z[C>@SP>ZoZ>@R65 ijB He 2 >q[ \ R & e e \ >Zv \ v ij3362 ^ Q+ijBPY+^Riij/PRfQ+/PRh)?b iHe 2 ]C243 z >@B
,.- oq24Ab3BP>@BP[.z"R \ 243_2>Z^eijBPoZ5A!^>@BP[CoZ2!Rh241!Q+ij3hAWo"Y+>6"5 243624BPv 2!24336iP3e \ >Zv \ >q^ev4Apoqv4/Po@AWRh2 YNe )x3 ) R4)0R \ 2
ij/PRfQ+/PR e \ >Zv \ Q+36iPY./Pv 2 Y R \ 2v4/+33624BbR8Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijB \) ?b 24BPv 2 iPBPoq5 ijBP2 iP/PRfQ+/PR [P3AWY+>Z24BCR>Z^
v4AWoZv4/PocApR2 Y AWRH24AWv \ R>@1,2e^R24Q%zNACBPYijBPoZ5ijBP2e2 oZ>Z[C>@SP>qo >qR65>Z^ 3_2 =/P>@362 YQ+243.e 2 >Z[ \ R4)
J K  L m  

*Io@S+/P^4z.)"O%) _K T4U>+TM ) $kF $*5Wk!&'5&A (9!0 ! "#  z"k g a ktiPijyb^4z%9v4(3A em-0?b >Zoqosz%v \ ACQ(-
R243J z=Q+Q%) TC9 U! TCO U+)
dA45PACB%zjm )_K T4UCUClfM ) g\ 2v ijBb]C2436[C24BPv 2ih g dQK!LMih ij3 [C24BP243AWo="L z  #*k7 " j rW9 V.T">9(CJ l+)
%/ >@B%zk/ )6K T4UCUblf M )0OP2 o6hT- >@1!Q+3_i ]P>@BP[ 3624AWv R>Z]C2,AW[C24BbR^ S+Ap^2 YijB 362 >@B(sh ij36v 241,24BbReoZ24AC3BP>@BP[.z QPocAbB+BP>cBP[
ACBPYR24Apv \ >@BP[.zk # *5"
N" j rNlCUf#9 >9bl+TC)
%/ >@B%z / ) _K T4UCUf9fM ) (9" X !#1H 7N"Xn! (9!502!"%$N "'& '5(&  :;! 3 z m \ d R \ 2 ^>Z^4z
X0AC3hBP2 [C>Z292 oZoqiPB \BP>q]b2436^>ZR65Cz.m >ZRR^ S+/+36[ \ z.m 24B+BP^5PoZ] ACBP>@A+)
m 24BP[.z)N)ACBPY6< >ZoqoZ>@AC1,^ zI-e)*N) 6K T4UCUpV' M ) / BPv436241,24BbRfAWoI1,/PoZR>6- ^R24Q ,.- oZ24AC3BP>@BP[.z "B< ) XHi \ 24B
ACBPY Jb ) ?b >@36^ \ K 2 Y+^ M z #*k7 N%" ' !#%A" !X  *5+9W7 *-, & k!7
.K!.Xn#0/  )132#4Czj9ij3_[jACB65eAC/(h 1ACB+B%z.<?2Ae kH3/+BP^S0e >Zv y.z%<Nz.\IOP*,z.Q+Q%)%lClf#J +lfC9 l+)
T4U
-0/+1,2 o \ CA 36R4z d!)ja0) z'b?>cBbRijB%z+()=a?)jACBPY < >ZoqoZ>@AC1,^ z -e).)K6T U>fJfM )k 9&8&k    % 0 ' %A8 9!# %)
"jz iCos) TCzP9B/ g mt362 ^^4)
O+/PRRijB%zP-e)CO%) K6T4U>&>fM )/%24AC3BP>@BP[,RieQ+362 Y+>Zv R0SC5JR \ 2I1,2 R \ iPY+^iah R241!Q ij3AWoPY+>65"243624BPv 2 ^4z  # *5"
N%&%7k&  r.#U jVCVN)
O+/PRRijB%zP-e)CO%) K6T4U >bfU M -) / 1!QPoZ241,24BbRfAWRh>qiPB!Y+2 RfAp>qoZ^ti h R \ 2 g dQK!LM Q+3_ijv 2 Y./+362 h ij3 R \ 20v4AW^2Hih%]C2 v Rij3
Q+362 Y+>Zv R>ZijBP^ACBPY S+Apv yPQ+36ijQ+AW[PAWR>ZijB%z  %# *5"# ( +U!&% & )
1Wz.( g a /"AbS+ij3ApRij36>Z2 ^4)
g\ 3/+B%z O%) K_T4UCUW'V M )I*eB ACQ+Q+3_ijAWv \ Rhi oZ24AC3BP>@BP[ 36ijS iCReB+A4]P>Z[jAWR>ZijB%z 9!#  , ++)+ .Y! X 7#% !X
,%7 "  5 (9!502!" 7A Cn I H  zP9 /+BP>qv \ z%(e2431!AbBC5C)
g\ 3/+B%z%O%) ACBPYOPv \ e0AC36 R
Cz *k) K_T4UCfU 9fM K) /s^^ /P2 ^e>cB/P^>@BP[ h /+BPv Rh>qiPB AbQ+Q+36i ;j>@1!AWRh>qiPB hsij30362 >@(B hsij36v 2 -
1,24BbReoZ24AC3BP>@BP[.Fz !# !X *5 !&'5 *-.K!&# "!7 F !A 4' HR?H 4#*!!Z+z /" A eI3624BPv 2
a3hSPocAb/+1z b?>qoZoZ^Y.AWoZ2Cz < .)
g\ 3/+B%z0O%)HkI2) K6T4UbUCfl M ) a  v >Z24BCRA2 ;+QPoqiP3AWR>ZijB >@B 362 >@(B h ij3_v 241,24BCRoZ24AC3BP>@BP[. z  %# *5"#%& ( +-!%
.F $N)".) 1 @) Cz.X0Ab3BP2 [C>Z2 - 92 oqoZijB\BP>Z]C2436^>ZR65C)
< AWRfyb>@BP^4z+Xe) .) bJ)+Xe H C@%A (9:;A@ zjm \ d R \ 2 ^>Z^4z 5>cBP[ w^0XHiCoZoZ2 [C2Cz
) K6T4U >C(U M ) N"YXn!
X0AC1,S+36>ZY+[C2\BP>Z]C2436^>ZR65Cz%\ 5,)

lf]

You might also like