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Science/VIII Chemical effect of electric current 1 of 12

 Electric current

Science/VIII Chemical effect of electric current 2 of 12

 Electric current

Electric Current It is defined as the flow of charge due to electrical energy.

Ampere

It is the rate of flow of electrons in a metal wire.

Science/VIII Chemical effect of electric current 3 of 12

 Potential difference
ItItis
isthe
alsoamount
knownof
aswork done to move
the difference a unit
between thecharge from
electric one point
potential to points.
of two
another.

How is
What does
the current
SI unit If there is a potential difference between two points, the
flowof due
What to change
is meant by
potential
indifference?
the potential
electrical current will flow because positive charge will flow
potential
difference?
difference?
from a higher potential point to a lower potential point.

Volt Higher
potential Cu
r ren
t

ele
ct r
on
Po s
ten
dif Lower
fer tial
en potential
ce

Science/VIII Chemical effect of electric current 4 of 12

 Electric current
Read the conversation and choose who among
them is incorrect?
The rate of flow of charge The difference between the Positive charges in an electric
through the copper wire is electric potential of two points is current flow from lower
known as electric current. known as potential difference.  potential to higher potential.

Correct Correct Incorrect

Tina
Melisa Ruhi

Science/VIII Chemical effect of electric current 5 of 12

 Classification of materials
Copper posses properties like:
Which
Why aremetal
metalis Materials
used to
wires make
coated
electric wires?
with plastic? Allow electricity to Do not allow electricity to
flow through
To avoid people them
High melting
getting flow
point
an electric through
shock, them
metals that
make up electricConductors Insulators
wires are covered with materials that
Metals act as insulators.
Non-metals
Low resistivity

Copper
Plastic
Plastic is an insulator, hence,
High electric wires are coated with
conductivity
plastic.
Copper is a good conductor of electricity, hence it is used to
make electric wires.
Science/VIII Chemical effect of electric current 6 of 12
 Conductors and Insulators
Which of the given materials should be placed between the two clips, in place of ‘X’
so that the bulb will glow?

Observe the diagram.

Material  electricity
Conducts
Conductors
Bulb glows 
Insulators
tested
Rubber  Which typeof
material will
Leather  
make the bulb
glow?
Aluminium  
Glass  

Let’swhich
Aluminium is a metal, checkis
alla the
goodmaterials.
conductor of electricity.

Science/VIII Chemical effect of electric current 7 of 12

 Conductors and Insulators
ld be p laced
n on - m etal shou make the Materials Metal Non-metal
Which wo c lip s, to

the t
between bulb glow
? Sulphur

Graphite
 
Lead
Mercury
 
 
What type of materials
Do all
Which
should non-metals
benon-metal
placed
between allow
allows electricity
electricity
the clips, so thatto
pass
theto passthrough
Let’s check all the materials.
bulb through
will glow?them?
it?
Bulb glows

Graphite is a non-metal which allows electricity to pass through it.

Conductors/metals
Not if
Hence, allgraphite
non-metals allowbetween
is placed electricity
thetotwo
pass
clips it will make the
through them.
bulb glow.

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 Conductors and Insulators
Which
Why ispart of the
tungsten
bulb to
used glows
make and
the
emits of
filament light?
a bulb? Tungsten
Filament

When electricity passes through the bulb it’s filament gets heated and it gives light.
Tungsten has a high melting point, and hence it does not melt even when the
temperature is very high.

Science/VIII Chemical effect of electric current 9 of 12

 Conductors and Insulators
Click on the given objects one by one to check whether the bulb will glow or not
glow.

Glass Copper wire Eraser Nickel coin

Science/VIII Chemical effect of electric current 10 of 12
 Conductors and Insulators

The copper wire and the nickel coin

allow electricity to pass through them.

The eraser and the glass do not allow

electricity to pass through them.

Glass Copper wire Eraser Nickel coin

Science/VIII Chemical effect of electric current 11 of 12
 Conductors and Insulators
Metals in the solid state conduct electricity.
Do liquids also conduct electricity?
Impure water contains free Distilled water does not contain
ions, hence it allows electricity Yes free ions, hence it does not allow
to flow through it. electricity to flow through it.
Can you think of a
Can you
Now thinkthink
of a of a
liquid
liquid that does not
liquid
as that
suchconduct conducts
salt water, does it
electricity?
containelectricity?
free ions or not?

Salt water allows electricity to

flow through it.
Impure water Some liquids conduct electricity. Distilled water

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