*

HIV/AI
DSANDDRUGSABUSEEDUCATI
ON*

 Esti
mati
onof36.
7mi
l
li
onpeopl
eli
vewi
thHI
V/AI
D
vi
ruses

 Ther
ehasbeen1.
1mi
l
li
ondeat
hsasat2005

 Thesub-Shar
anAfr
icai
sthemostaff
ect
edwi
thr
egi
on
wit
h69%ofpeoplel
ivi
ngwit
hthevi
rus

 Thef
ir
stcaseofAI
DSi
nNi
ger
iawasi
n1986

 Fi
rstcaseofHI
V/AI
DSoccuri
nLosAngel
es,
USA i
n
1981

 Ther
ehadbeen39mi
l
li
ondeat
hfr
om 1981t
o2005

 Asat2014Ni
geri
abacamethesecondl
argestcount
ry
wi
thpeopl
eli
vi
ngwit
hHIV/AIDS

 Anest
imat
ed11.8mi
ll
ionyoungpeopl
ebet
weenages
15t
o24areli
vi
ngwit
hHI V/
AIDS

 Youngpeoplearet
hecentr
eoft
heHI
V/AI
DSbecause
ofthei
rsexual
behavi
our

 Sexual
i
tybegi
nsi
nadol
escent
sformosty
out
h

 Sexualrel
ati
onsamongyoungpeopl
ear
eof
ten
unplannedandsometi
mesforced

 Mostnewl
yinf
ectedyoungonesint
hesub-sahr
ah
r
egi
onarefemalesofage15-19

I
nAf
ri
ca55%ofPeopl
einf
ect
edwi
tht
hev
irusar
e
 f
emal
e

 St
ephenLewi
snotedt
hatt
hevir
ushasbecomeawar
onwomenandbecometheul
ti
matesymbolofgender
i
nequal
i
ty

 Anest
imat
ed15mi
l
li
onwomenar
eaf
fect
edi
nAf
ri
ca

 Thehighr at
eofinfecti
onofHI V/AI
DSamongwomen
areduet othefactthattheyar ephysi
ologicall
ymore
susceptibl
etocontactingitthroughthevagi nal
i
ntercourse,becauset hetissueofthev i
ginaarethi
n
andbr eakmoreeasi l
yiny oungerwomen

 Menar
eeightt
imesmor
eli
kel
ytot
ransmi
tHI
Vto
womenthanwomentomen

I
nLesot
ho51%womenhadt
hev
iruswhi
l
e23%wasf
or
men

I
nBot
swana45%y
oungwomen19%menhadt
hev
irus

I
nsouthAf
ri
ca31%y
oungwomen13%menhadt
he
v
irus

I
nSwazi
l
and47women18%menhadt
hev
irus

I
nZambi
a25%women10%men

 Factorscont r
ibuti
ngt othevul
nerabili
tyofyoungpeople
forcont r
acti
ngHI Var e:unemployment ,Pover
ty,
Danger ousmy t
h,Biol
ogicalf
actors,earl
ymar r
iage,
peer
pressure,sexindustry
,earl
ysexualexperi
ence,r
ape
cases,practi
ceofhomosexual iti
es/l
esbianism,
useof
 dr
ugs,
recei
vi
ngonscr
eenedbl
oode.
t.
c

 Preventi
onoft
hev
iruscanbedonebyusi
ngt
heABC
formular

 Ameansabst
ainf
rom sexunt
ilmar
ri
age

 Bmeansbef
ait
hful
toonepar
tner

 Cmeansconsi
stentandpr
operusenotl
atexcondom

 Theiri
sneedf oryoungpeopletobeinfor
m accuratel
y
soast ocurbtheinfect
ionofthevi
ruse.gdelaymentof
sexualact
ivi
ty,pr
actici
ngabstei
nance,avoid
experi
mentati
onwi thdrugs,
notinvol
vi
ngi ndrugabuse
e.t
.c

 Sympt omsofHI V/AIDSareasf ol

lows:
lossofwei
ght>
10%.,f ev
erforoveramont h,per
sist
ent
ti
redness,coughformorethanamont h,swol
lengl
ands
i
nt woormor epl
aces,di
arrhoea

 ThetransmissionofHI V/AI
DSi sbasicall
ythr
ough
sexuali
ntercoursewithaninfectedperson,shar
ingor
usingofunsteril
isedskinpi
erci
ngi nstr
umentsli
ke
blade,i
nfectedmot hertobabye. t
.c

 Eff
ectofHIV/AI
DSi nAfr
icaareasf
oll
ows: li
fe
Expect
ancy,chi
l
dmor tal
i
ty,pr
oduct
ivi
ty,
orphans,
Nati
onali
ncome, st
igmati
sati
on

 Protect
ivef
actor
sforcurbi
ngHI
V/AIDSi
nAfr
icaareas
fol
lows:posi
ti
verel
ati
onshi
pswi
thfamil
i
es,
feel
ing
 val
uedandaccepted,
posi
ti
veschool
env i
ronment
,
spi
ri
tual
bel
ief
s,Hopefort
hefut
uree.
.t.
c

 NAFDACnot
edt hatt
heuseoflici
tandil
l
ici
tdr
ugshas
f
ormedadol
escentssub-cul
tur
einNiger
ia

 Therei
sawiderangeofpsy
choact
ivesubstancesin
Afr
icat
hati
sbeenusedsuchasalcoholandmar i
juana

 Theadolescent
sdruguserhasbeencl
assi
fi
edinto
thr
eecategori
estheyar
e:Theexperi
menter
s,The
compulsi
veusersandtheFloat
ers

 TheFl
oatersworkbet
weentheexperi
mentersandt
he
compul
siveuser
sbyengagi
nginitint
ermi
ttent
ly

 Theexper i
mentersty
pical
l
yusedr
ugsinl
it
tl
eamount
anddosooccasi onall
yandar
edoneoutofpeer
pressur
e,boredom e.
t.
c

 Compul
siv
euser
sar
ethosewhoar
eal
readyaddi
cted
toi
t

 Dr
ugsar
etakeni
ntot
hebodyi
ndi
ff
erentway
s

 Al
cohol
,sedat
ivesandbar
bit
urat
esar
etakenor
all
y

 Mar
ij
uana,
nicot
ineandi
nhal
ant
sar
esmoked

 Her
oinei
sinj
ect
eddi
rect
lyt
othev
ein

 Cocai
nei
ssni
ff
ed

 Chemical
composi
ti
onofthedrugsdi
ff
erfrom each
ot
herandalsot
hei
rsoci
al,
psychol
ogi
calandmedi cal
 consequence

 Thecommonl yusedrugsareAlcohol
,
mari
juana,
sti
mulant
s,inhal
ant
sanddepressant

 Alcoholi
suseforst
rengt
heni
ngf
ri
endshi
p,wor
shi
pof
ancestr
algods

 Whenalcoholi
sconsumedi
tfunct
ionsasa
depr
essant,
i
thasalongdur
ati
onofacti
on

 AtaBAL(bloodalcohol
level
)of0.
5%ther
eis
al
ert
nessandasenseoffeeli
nggood

 At20%BALast
upori
sreached

 At30%and35%BALi sthemini
mum level
thatcan
resul
tindeat
hfr
om i
ntoxi
cat
ionofal
cohol

 Marij
uanainpreparati
onismadef r
om cannabisplant
whichistetr
ahydrocannabi
nol (THC)andi ti
s
concentr
atedintheresinofthepl ants,t
hepotency
dependsonhowmuchr esi
nt hatispr esent

 Dail
ysmokerofmari
j
uanaareconti
nual
lyhi
ghbecause
themari
j
uanaisnev
eroutofthei
rsyst
em

 St
imul
antef
fecti
stost
imul
atet
hecent
rener
vous
sy
stem

 Thewel
lknowncategor
iesofst
imulantsarecaf
feine,
amphet
aminesandcocaine(
deri
vedfrom cocaplant)

I
nhal
ant
sincl
udest
hef
oll
owi
ng:
glue,
gasol
i
ne,
 cl
eaningfl
uids,
aer
osal
..eachcompoundhav
evol
ati
l
e
hydr
ocarbon

 Depr
essantdepr
esst
hecent
ral
ner
voussy
stem

 Depressanti
nclude:bar
bit
urates,
mi nor
tr
anquil
izer
s,dr
ugsli
kediazepam (vali
um)

 Narcoti
csoropiatesaredrugswhosemainuseisas
analgesi
corpainkill
ers.
Theyincl
udenat
ural
substance
li
ke(opium,morphi ne,
codei
ne,
heroine,
per
codan,demor ol
)