Gravimetric determination of zinc using anthranilic acid

Theory:
Gravimetric determination of zinc using anthranilic acid is a common quantitative analysis
method involving the precipitation of zinc ions from a solution using anthranilic acid, followed
by isolation, washing, and weighing of the precipitate. This method is based on the principle that
a known quantity of a substance can be determined by weighing the product of a chemical
reaction that forms a compound of known composition.
In this method, a sample containing zinc ions is dissolved in an acidic solution, and anthranilic
acid is added to form a precipitate of zinc anthranilate. The precipitate is then collected on filter
from the mass of the precipitate.
The gravimetric determination of zinc using anthranilic acid is a highly accurate method of
analysis that can be used to determine the zinc content of a variety of samples, including ores,
alloys, and biological materials. However, the method requires careful attention to detail, as even
small errors in measurement or handling of the sample can lead to inaccurate results.
Aim:
Its objective is to determine the amount of zinc using anthranilic acid and sodium bicarbonate.
Complex Zinc anthranilate:

Materials required:
Glasswares:

 Analytical balance: to weigh the sample, reagents, and precipitate with high accuracy.
Beakers and Erlenmeyer flasks: to hold and mix the solutions.
  Bunsen burner: to heat the solutions and evaporate water.
 Filter paper: to collect the precipitate.
 Funnel: to transfer the precipitate to the filter paper.
 Glass stirring rod: to mix the solutions.
 Graduated cylinder: to measure the volume of the solutions.
 Pipettes: to measure the volume of the solutions.
 Spatula: to transfer the sample and reagents.
 Wash bottle: to wash the precipitate

Chemicals:

 Zinc sulfate heptahydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O): to provide the zinc ions.

 Anthranilic acid (C7H7NO2): to form the precipitate of zinc anthranilate.
 Sodium bicarbonate

Procedure:
The general procedure for the gravimetric determination of zinc using anthranilic acid is as
follows:

1. Prepare the zinc sample solution that was Zinc sulphate solution.
2. Add anthranilic acid to the solution of sodium bicarbonate and stir until all the
precipetates get dissolve.Titrate the solution against zinc sulphate solution.
3. During titration fumes of Carbon dioxide evolved.
4. Then filter the precipetates.
5. Dry the filter paper and precipitate in an oven at 110°C for at least 30 minutes.
6. Cool the filter paper in a desiccator and weigh it to determine the mass of the zinc
anthranilate precipitate.
7. Convert the mass of the precipitate to the mass of zinc using stoichiometry.
8. Calculate the percentage of zinc in the original sample.
Calculations:
The molecular weight of zinc = 65.40g
The molecular weight of anthranilic acid= 137.14 g
Theoretical yield:
0.16
No. of moles of Zn = = 0.0024mol
65.4
3
No. of moles of anthranilic acid = = 0.021
137.14
For 2 Moles=
3
No. of moles of anthranilic acid = = 0.01 mole
274.28
Complex weight = 337.32g
To calculate the amount of Zn+2 :
337.32g of Zn-anthranilic acid complex contains Zn+2 = 65.40g
337.32 g
1g of Zn- anthranilic acid complex contains Zn+2 = = 5.2g
65.40 g
0.6g of Zn-anthranilic acid contains Zn+2 = 5.2g × 0.6 = 3.12g (Actual Yield)
20ml of Zn-anthranilic acid complex contains Zn+2 = x
x
1ml of complex contains Zn+2 =
20
x
1dm3 of complex contains Zn+2 = × 100 g/dm3
20
Conclusion:
Zinc anthranilate is a coordination compound formed by the reaction of zinc ions (Zn2+) and
anthranilic acid. The structure of zinc anthranilate is a complex of zinc ions coordinated to two
nitrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms from the anthranilate ligand. The zinc ion is in the center
of the complex, and the anthranilate ligand is bound to it through two nitrogen atoms and two
oxygen atoms. The structure of zinc anthranilate can be represented as [Zn(anthranilate)2].