7/26/23, 12:27 PM MTH 102-: Review Lesson (mandatory): Scientific Writing: Identification of correct Scientific article sections

Below are sample paragraphs, from two different scientific articles.

Match each sample paragraph, with the name of the  scientific article section where they belong to:

Our study does provide insight into the effect of ageing on immune system dynamics in adults and children on ART compared to healthy
individuals. The ratio model provides a more accurate estimation of CD4+ count reconstitution than the asymptotic model as well as the ability
to compare different immune system outcomes, for both healthy and HIV-treated individuals. Using scaled CD4+ T-cell counts allows for the
evaluation of CD4+ counts trajectories, which is not possible with unscaled CD4+ T-cell counts. We found large variations in CD4+ T-cell growth
rates and scaled carrying capacities between individuals, highlighting the need to evaluate ART outcomes on an individual level. This calls for
improved patient monitoring strategies. The strong inverse correlation between baseline scaled CD4+ T-cell count and the scaled carrying
capacity emphasizes the importance of early ART initiation, regardless of age or state of disease progression. We found that post-ART CD4+ T-
cell growth rate is not associated with a patient’s age, but it is associated with a higher baseline viral load. With the expansion of an aging
population on ART, understanding long-term effects of the treatment on the immune system are critical to ensure that the best care is
delivered to HIV-infected patients.

Conclusion

The outcome variables of this study are food security and income poverty. The former is a dichotomous variable representing the status of
households in the model, taking a value of 1 if a household is food secure and 0 otherwise. This study chose a cut-off point of a minimum
average daily calorie intake below which rural households are recorded as food insecure. According to Fatima and Yoshida (2018), this cut-off is
set at 2,500 kcal per day per-adult equivalent (AE) and is used as the food security threshold. In monetary terms, the 2,500 kcal/ day/AE is
equivalent to 105,064 Rwandan francs (RWF) per AE per year using end of January 2017 prices (i.e. RWF 288 per-AE per day). This is the cost of
enough food to provide an adequate number of calories. Thus, a household that spends at least RWF 105,064 on food per year is food secure;
otherwise, it is food insecure.

Methods

The rural youth who pursued agriculture only were young females (69.23%) aged 23 years old and were insufficiently educated. They came from
households with high median land holding size. The findings further show that pursuing agriculture is also associated with living relatively far
from urban centres for a median distance of 2 kilometres. The rural youth engaged in non-farm wage employment were mostly males with high
level of education and living close to the urban centres. It is a fact that distance and education are critical elements for accessing nonfarm
livelihood strategies. This is because they require information that can be mostly found in urban centres and high level of technical skills. The
rural youth who combined more than one livelihood strategies were mostly older youths who were heads of households. This is because
provision of food and shelter to the dependants requires more responsibilities and maturity, both of which are normally correlated to age.

Results

Previous studies have found that adult males and females spend a similar time on therapy before reaching their rebound set-point CD4+ T-cell
count (EuroSIDA group et al., 2003; Patterson et al., 2007). We do not consider this a contradiction of our results as an individual with a higher
baseline CD4+ T-cell count will have a lower cell growth rate compared to an individual that started ART with a low CD4+ count. Thus, after an
equivalent period following ART initiation similar increases in CD4 + T-cell counts may have occurred. We believe that the diverging opinions
regarding the effects of sex on immune outcomes in adults post-ART initiation might be explained by variations in the definitions of
‘immunological outcomes’ by different authors and variations in analyses conducted.

Discussion

In a quest for understanding youths’ livelihood choices, some scholars such as Holden (2018) furthered research attention on how choices of
livelihood activities influence some variables such as income. Empirical investigations have, therefore, been undertaken to verify the link between
livelihood choices and poverty, livelihood choices and food security and between income diversification and food security. For instance, in their
study that aimed at assessing the effect of crop diversification on household food security, Adjimoti and Kwadzo (2018) and Mango et al. (2018)
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7/26/23, 12:27 PM MTH 102-: Review Lesson (mandatory): Scientific Writing: Identification of correct Scientific article sections

reported a positive effect on household food security status. Similarly, scholars such as Atuoye et al. (2019), Etea et al. (2019) and Ntwalle (2019)
analysed the impact of income diversification on household food security and found that individuals and households with diversified income are
more likely to be severely food insecure. Generally, recent findings on choices of livelihood activities conclude that although income
diversification is a necessary strategy for survival, it does not seem to alleviate food insecurity (Etea et al., 2019; Ntwalle, 2019).

Introduction

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