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An Integrated Review on Asphaltene: Definition, Chemical Composition,

Properties, and Methods for Determining Onset Precipitation

Article  in  SPE Production & Operations · October 2022

DOI: 10.2118/212310-PA

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Mohammed A. Ahmed Ghassan H Majeed

University of Technology, Iraq University of Baghdad
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 An integrated Review on Asphaltene: Definition, Chemical
Composition, Properties, and Methods for Determining Onset
Precipitation

Mohammed A. Ahmed, University of Baghdad; Ghassan H. Abdul-Majeed*, University of Baghdad; and

Ali K. Alhuraishawy, Ministry of oil-Iraq
*
Corresponding author; email: ghassan@uob.edu.iq

Summary
Asphaltene is a solid oil component with a wide range of molecular compositions and structures, making it one of the
oil's most complicated components. The deposition and precipitation of Asphaltene in several places along the oil
production line, such as the wellbore, reservoir, flow lines, tubing, and the separation unit at the surface, is one of the
most prevalent flow assurance challenges. Changes in pressure, composition, and temperature cause Asphaltene to
precipitate out of the oil continuum. Variations in operation condition are caused by various recovery processes (Gas
injection, Natural depletion, Chemical injection) in addition to the creation and blending of various oils during
transportation. This paper presents a complete review of Asphaltene precipitation and deposition, which in turn help
in understanding the governing mechanisms and thermodynamic behaviors in this field. This study consists of several
stages: analyzing the current state of Asphaltene research (Asphaltene characteristics, chemical nature, molecular
structure, Asphaltene crude oil phase behavior, solubility factors, and other factors); describing the phases of
Asphaltene (from its stability through its deposition in the reservoir pores, facilities, wellbore path in addition to the
reasons for their occurrence); clarifying the rheology and Asphaltene flow behavior in the reservoir; and finally
examining the advantages and disadvantages of most widely used strategies for determining Asphaltene onset
precipitation. In addition, some measured Iraqi Asphaltene data are demonstrated and analyzed. This work will
contribute to better knowledge of Asphaltene and will serve as a reference for future studies on how to properly
investigate and simulate Asphaltene.

Keywords: Asphaltene, Precipitation, Deposition, Asphaltene Onset Pressure

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