29 July, 2022 | created using FiveFilters.

org

Blood, treasure and

than 6.16 million refugees from Ukraine recorded across Europe,
with the biggest numbers in Poland, Russia and Germany,

chaos: the cost of according to the agency’s data.

Russia’s war in Ukraine * Ukraine

Besides the human losses, Ukraine has lost control of around

Jul 29, 2022 04:02AM
Russia’s Feb. 24 invasion of Ukraine has left tens of thousands of
dead, displaced millions and sown economic strife across the
world. Following are the main impacts of the war:
* Death
22% of its land to Russia since the 2014 anexation of Crimea,
according to Reuters calculations.
It has lost a swathe of coastline, its economy has been crippled
and some cities have been turned into wastelands by Russian
shelling. Ukraine’s economy will contract by 45% in 2022,
according to the World Bank and International Monetary Fund.

Since Feb. 24, 5,237 civilians have been recorded as killed and
The true dollar cost to Ukraine is unclear. Prime Minister Denys
7,035 as injured, though the actual casualties are much higher,
Shmyhal said this month that the total rebuild after the war would
the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights said on
cost approximately $750 billion. It may be much more.
July 25. Most of those killed or injured were the victims of
explosive weapons such as artillery, missile and air strikes, the It is unclear how much Ukraine has spent on fighting.
OHCHR said.
A couple sit on a bench next to banners hanging in a storefront
Neither Russia nor Ukraine have given details on the military window on a busy shopping street in Kyiv, Ukraine, Thursday, July
deaths in the conflict. 28, 2022. (AP Photo/​David Goldman)

Subscriber Only Stories * Russia

US intelligence estimates that some 15,000 Russian soldiers have

The war has been expensive for Russia too – though Russia does
been killed so far in Ukraine and three times that wounded –
not disclose the costs, which are state secrets.
equal to the total Soviet death toll during Moscow’s occupation of
Afghanistan in 1979–1989. Besides the military costs, the West has tried to punish Russia by
imposing severe sanctions – the biggest shock to Russia’s
Ukrainian military losses are also significant but probably a little
economy since the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union.
less than Russia’s, US intelligence believes, CIA Director William
Burns said this month. Russia’s central bank now forecasts $1.8 trillion economy will
contract by 4%-6% in 2022, less than the 8%-10% contraction it
Ukrainian servicemen rest in a basement between fightings with
forecast in April.
Russian forces at the frontline in Kharkiv region, Ukraine,
Wednesday, July 27, 2022. (AP Photo/​Evgeniy Maloletka) Still the impact on Russia’s economy is severe – and not yet fully
clear. It has been excluded from Western financial markets, most
The conflict in eastern Ukraine began in 2014 after a pro-​Russian
of its oligarchs are sanctioned, and it is experiencing problems
president was toppled in Ukraine’s Maidan Revolution and Russia
sourcing some items such as microchips.
annexed Crimea, with Russian-​backed forces fighting Ukraine’s
armed forces. Russia last month defaulted on its foreign bonds for the first time
since the calamitous months following the 1917 Bolshevik
About 14,000 people were killed there between 2014 and 2022,
revolution.
according to OHCHR, including 3,106 civilians.
* Prices
* Misery
The invasion and Western sanctions on Russia led to steep rises
Since Feb. 24, one third of Ukrainians – which has a population of
in the prices of fertiliser, wheat, metals and energy, feeding into
more than 41 million – has been forced from their homes, the
both a brewing food crisis and an inflationary wave that is
largest current human displacement crisis in the world, according
crashing through the global economy.
to the United Nations Refuge agency. There are currently more
Russia is the world’s second largest oil exporter after Saudi
Arabia and the world’s biggest exporter of natural gas, wheat,
nitrogen fertiliser and palladium. Shortly after Russia’s invasion
of Ukraine, international oil prices spiked to their highest levels
since the records of 2008.
Attempts to reduce reliance on Russian oil, gas and oil products –
or even to cap their prices – have exacerbated what is already the
most severe energy crunch since the Arab oil embargo in the
1970s.
After Russia cut flows through the Nord Stream 1 gas pipeline to
Germany, prices for wholesale gas soared in Europe.
A complete cut off would tip the euro area into a recession, with
sharp contractions in both Germany and Italy, according to
Goldman Sachs.
Paper planes carrying anti-​Russia hashtags lie on the pavement
during a protest by Ukrainian refugees in Bucharest, Romania,
Saturday, July 23, 2022. (AP Photo/​Vadim Ghirda)
* Growth
The International Monetary Fund now forecasts the world’s
economy will grow 3.2% this year, down from 6.1% last year,
and significantly lower than its April forecast of 3.6%, its January
forecast of 4.4% and its October forecast of 4.9%.
Under a “plausible” alternative scenario that includes a complete
cut-​o ff of Russian gas supplies to Europe by year-​end and a
further 30% drop in Russian oil exports, the IMF said global
growth would slow to 2.6% in 2022 and 2% in 2023, with growth
virtually zero in Europe and the United States next year.
Global growth has fallen below 2% only five times since 1970 IMF
Chief Economist Pierre-​Olivier Gourincha said – recessions in
1973, 1981 and 1982, 2009 and the 2020 COVID-​19 pandemic.
The United States is forecast to grow 2.3% in 2022 and 1.0% for
2023. The Fund deeply cut China’s 2022 GDP growth forecast to
3.3% from 4.4% in April.
Since the outbreak of war, the European Commission has
downgraded GDP growth projections for the 27-​nation bloc to
2.7% this year and 1.5% in 2023 from 4.0% and 2.8% respectively,
from what was expected before the Russian invasion on Feb 24th.
* Western weapons
The United States has provided about $7.6 billion in security
assistance to Ukraine since Feb. 24 including stinger anti-​aircraft
systems, Javelin anti-​armour systems, 155mm Howitzers and
chemical, biological, radiological, nuclear protective equipment.
The next biggest donor to Ukraine is Britain, which has provided
2.3 billion pounds ($2.8 billion) in military support. The European
Union has agreed 2.5 billion euros in security assistance to
Ukraine.
https://indianexpress.com/article/explained/russia-ukraine-war-
death-toll-displacement-damage-growth-prices-explained-
8058154/