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Oracle参数文件学习
Oracle参数文件学习
--========================
-->Oracle 参数文件
--========================
/*
参数文件(10g 中的参数文件)
主要用来记录数据库的配置文件,在数据库启动时,Oracle 读取参数文件,并根据参数文
件中的参数设置来配置数据库。
如内存池的分配,允许打开的进程数和会话数等。
两类参数文件:
令来修改
(alter system|session set parameter_name = values <>),
优先级别:
参数文件的路径:*/
spfle:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/spfile$ORACLE_SID.ora
pfile(10g):$ORALCE_BASE/admin/$ORACLE_SID/pfile /*仅当数据库初始化时使用*/
pfile:$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/init.ora /*默认*/
/*
参数文件之间的转化
由 pfile 生成 spfile
/*
演示:*/
File created.
total 56
orcl.__db_cache_size=251658240
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__shared_pool_size=142606336
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/
control02.ctl', '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_1='/u01/app/oracle/disk1'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_2='/u01/app/oracle/disk2'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=135266304
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=406847488
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'
正在使用*/
ERROR at line 1:
File created.
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__shared_pool_size=142606336
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump'
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump'
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0'
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/
control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump'
*.db_block_size=8192
*.db_create_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_1='/u01/app/oracle/disk1'
*.db_create_online_log_dest_2='/u01/app/oracle/disk2'
*.db_domain=''
*.db_file_multiblock_read_count=16
*.db_name='orcl'
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area'
*.db_recovery_file_dest_size=2147483648
*.dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=orclXDB)'
*.job_queue_processes=10
*.open_cursors=300
*.pga_aggregate_target=135266304
*.processes=150
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
*.sga_target=406847488
*.undo_management='AUTO'
*.undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump'
/*
转换后的使用:
假定修改了 initorcl.ora 中的参数,但 Oracle 启动是先读取 spfile ,故可以在启动的时候指
定用 initorcl.ora 来
open_cursors=600
processes=250
/*
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL> create spfile from pfile; /*修改的内容将会更新到 spfile*/
File created.
--查看参数文件的名字
--查看当前使用的哪个参数文件启动的
ISSPEC
------
FALSE
/*
以修改的*/
*
ERROR at line 1:
Database mounted.
Database opened.
ISSPEC
------
TRUE
FALSE
/*
再次尝试看看能否修改 spfile: */
System altered.
/*
参数文件的修改:
alter system|session set parametername = values scope = memory | spfile |both sid = 'sid' |
‘*’;
scope
memory : 只对当前实例有效,下次启动则失效
system :
-- 查询视图:v$parameter
-- sid:
sid :只对某一个实例
* :对所有的实例修改
ERROR at line 1:
SQL> /
System altered.
INSTANCE_NAME
----------------
orcl
SQL> alter system set sga_max_size = 350m scope = spfile sid = 'orcl';
System altered.
--只改内存
System altered.
-- 同时修改内存和参数文件,以下两条语句等效
System altered.
SQL> alter system set pga_aggregate_target = 130m ;
System altered.
--alter session
plsql_ccflags string
plsql_native_library_dir string
plsql_native_library_subdir_count integer 0
plsql_optimize_level integer 2
Session altered.
session 来修改。
-- TURE:可以该类型修改,FLASE:不支持该类型修改,IMMEDIATE:也是支持该类型修改
ERROR at line 1:
ERROR:
ORA-00096: invalid value 8 for parameter sql_version, must be from among MAX,
Session altered.
ISSYS_MOD
---------
scope*/
FALSE /*静态参数,不能直接修改到内存,alter system set <> = <> scope = spfile*/
ISSES
-----
TRUE
FALSE
--系统中的常用参数:
SQL> ho ls /u01/app/oracle/10g/dbs/
/*下面的参数描述了实例相关池的分配情况*/
orcl.__db_cache_size=251658240
orcl.__java_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__large_pool_size=4194304
orcl.__shared_pool_size=142606336
orcl.__streams_pool_size=0
*.audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/adump' /*警告日志路径*/
*.background_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/bdump' /*后台进程日志路径*/
*.compatible='10.2.0.1.0' /*版本兼容号*/
/*下面是控制文件的信息*/
*.control_files='/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control01.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/
control02.ctl','/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/control03.ctl'
*.core_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/cdump' /*服务器进程相关的日志路径*/
*.db_block_size=8192 /*内存块的大小*/
*.db_create_online_log_dest_1='/u01/app/oracle/disk1' /*联机日志文件路径*/
*.db_create_online_log_dest_2='/u01/app/oracle/disk2' /*联机日志文件路径*/
*.db_domain='' /域名/
*.db_recovery_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area' /*闪回路径*/
*.job_queue_processes=10 /*当前作业进程数*/
*.open_cursors=600 /*可打开的游标数*/
*.pga_aggregate_target=135266304 /*服务器进程大小*/
*.processes=250 /*描述当前可以运行的进程数*/
*.remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE' /*远程登陆是否要用密码文件*/
*.user_dump_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/orcl/udump' /**/
--11g 中的参数文件:
-- 隐藏参数:
ADDR RAW(4)
INDX NUMBER
INST_ID NUMBER
KSPPINM VARCHAR2(80)
KSPPITY NUMBER
KSPPDESC VARCHAR2(255)
KSPPIFLG NUMBER
KSPPILRMFLG NUMBER
KSPPIHASH NUMBER
--下面视图中为隐藏参数的值
ADDR RAW(4)
INDX NUMBER
INST_ID NUMBER
KSPPSTVL VARCHAR2(512)
KSPPSTDVL VARCHAR2(512)
KSPPSTDF VARCHAR2(9)
KSPPSTVF NUMBER
KSPPSTCMNT VARCHAR2(255)
--使用下面的命令来查看系统中的隐藏参数;
1* select ksppinm,ksppstvl from x$ksppi a,x$ksppcv b where a.indx = b.indx and ksppinm
like '%_allow%'
SQL> /
KSPPINM KSPPSTVL
---------------------------------------- ----------
_allow_level_without_connect_by FALSE
_asm_allow_only_raw_disks TRUE
_asm_allow_resilver_corruption FALSE
/*
参数的删除:
对于 pfile 直接编辑删除即可
System altered.
-- 修改会默认值后重新启动可以看到该参数的值由 M 变为 M
/*
更多 */
Oracle 数据库实例启动关闭过程
使用 OEM,SQL*Plus,iSQL*Plus 管理 Oracle 实例
SQL 基础-->常用函数
SQL 基础-->过滤和排序
SQL 基础-->SELECT 查询
2010/05/05/5559174.aspx