430 |||| CHAPTER 6 APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION

we would have obtained the integral

L2 L2h
V苷y
h
2
2 h  y dy 苷
0 h 3

EXAMPLE 9 A wedge is cut out of a circular cylinder of radius 4 by two planes. One
plane is perpendicular to the axis of the cylinder. The other intersects the first at an angle
of 30 along a diameter of the cylinder. Find the volume of the wedge.
SOLUTION If we place the x-axis along the diameter where the planes meet, then the
base of the solid is a semicircle with equation y 苷 s16  x 2 , 4  x  4. A cross-
section perpendicular to the x-axis at a distance x from the origin is a triangle ABC,
as shown in Figure 17, whose base is y 苷 s16  x 2 and whose height is
BC 苷 y tan 30 苷 s16  x 2
s3 . Thus the cross-sectional area is

C
1 16  x 2
Ax 苷 21 s16  x 2 ⴢ s16  x 2 苷
0 y s3 2s3
A y=œ„„„„„„
16-≈ and the volume is
B
4
16  x 2
V 苷 y Ax dx 苷 y
4 4
x dx
4 4 2s3
C

苷
1
s3
y0
4
16  x 2  dx 苷
1
s3

16x 
x3
3
4

30° 128
苷
A y B 3 s3

FIGURE 17 For another method see Exercise 64. M

6.2 EXERCISES
1
1–18 Find the volume of the solid obtained by rotating the region 10. y 苷 4 x 2, x 苷 2, y 苷 0; about the y-axis
bounded by the given curves about the specified line. Sketch the
region, the solid, and a typical disk or washer. 11. y 苷 x, y 苷 sx ; about y 苷 1
1
1. y 苷 2  x, y 苷 0, x 苷 1, x 苷 2;
2 about the x-axis
12. y 苷 e x, y 苷 1, x 苷 2; about y 苷 2
2
2. y 苷 1  x , y 苷 0; about the x-axis
13. y 苷 1  sec x, y 苷 3; about y 苷 1
3. y 苷 1
x, x 苷 1, x 苷 2, y 苷 0; about the x-axis
14. y 苷 1
x, y 苷 0, x 苷 1, x 苷 3; about y 苷 1
4. y 苷 s25  x 2 , y 苷 0, x 苷 2, x 苷 4; about the x-axis

5. x 苷 2sy , x 苷 0, y 苷 9; about the y-axis 15. x 苷 y 2, x 苷 1; about x 苷 1

6. y 苷 ln x, y 苷 1, y 苷 2, x 苷 0; about the y-axis 16. y 苷 x, y 苷 sx ; about x 苷 2

3
7. y 苷 x , y 苷 x, x  0; about the x-axis
17. y 苷 x 2, x 苷 y 2; about x 苷 1
1 2 2
8. y 苷 x , y 苷 5  x ;
4 about the x-axis
18. y 苷 x, y 苷 0, x 苷 2, x 苷 4; about x 苷 1
9. y 2 苷 x, x 苷 2y ; about the y-axis
 SECTION 6.2 VOLUMES |||| 431

19–30 Refer to the figure and find the volume generated by 43.  y  y 4  y 8  dy 44.  y
1 
2
1  cos x2  12  dx
rotating the given region about the specified line. 0 0

y
C(0, 1) B(1, 1) 45. A CAT scan produces equally spaced cross-sectional views of
y=œ„x a human organ that provide information about the organ other-
wise obtained only by surgery. Suppose that a CAT scan of a
T™
human liver shows cross-sections spaced 1.5 cm apart. The
T£ liver is 15 cm long and the cross-sectional areas, in square
T¡
centimeters, are 0, 18, 58, 79, 94, 106, 117, 128, 63, 39, and
y=˛
0. Use the Midpoint Rule to estimate the volume of the liver.
O A(1, 0)
x
46. A log 10 m long is cut at 1-meter intervals and its cross-
sectional areas A (at a distance x from the end of the log) are
19. ᏾1 about OA 20. ᏾1 about OC listed in the table. Use the Midpoint Rule with n 苷 5 to esti-
mate the volume of the log.
21. ᏾1 about AB 22. ᏾1 about BC
23. ᏾2 about OA 24. ᏾2 about OC x (m) A (m2 ) x (m) A (m2 )

25. ᏾2 about AB 26. ᏾2 about BC 0 0.68 6 0.53

1 0.65 7 0.55
27. ᏾3 about OA 28. ᏾3 about OC 2 0.64 8 0.52
29. ᏾3 about AB 30. ᏾3 about BC 3 0.61 9 0.50
4 0.58 10 0.48
5 0.59
31–36 Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral for the volume of
the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by the given 47. (a) If the region shown in the figure is rotated about the
curves about the specified line. x-axis to form a solid, use the Midpoint Rule with n 苷 4
31. y 苷 tan 3 x, y 苷 1, x 苷 0; about y 苷 1 to estimate the volume of the solid.
y
32. y 苷 x  2 4, 8x  y 苷 16; about x 苷 10 4
33. y 苷 0, y 苷 sin x, 0  x   ; about y 苷 1
2
34. y 苷 0, y 苷 sin x, 0  x   ; about y 苷 2
35. x 2  y 2 苷 1, x 苷 3; about x 苷 2
0 2 4 6 8 10 x
36. y 苷 cos x, y 苷 2  cos x, 0  x  2 ; about y 苷 4
(b) Estimate the volume if the region is rotated about the
y-axis. Again use the Midpoint Rule with n 苷 4.
; 37–38 Use a graph to find approximate x-coordinates of the CAS 48. (a) A model for the shape of a bird’s egg is obtained by
points of intersection of the given curves. Then use your calcula-
rotating about the x-axis the region under the graph of
tor to find (approximately) the volume of the solid obtained by
rotating about the x-axis the region bounded by these curves. f x 苷 ax 3  bx 2  cx  ds1  x 2
37. y 苷 2  x 2 cos x, y 苷 x4  x  1 Use a CAS to find the volume of such an egg.
38. y 苷 3 sinx 2 , y 苷 e x
2  e2x (b) For a Red-throated Loon, a 苷 0.06, b 苷 0.04, c 苷 0.1,
and d 苷 0.54. Graph f and find the volume of an egg of
this species.
CAS 39– 40 Use a computer algebra system to find the exact volume
49–61 Find the volume of the described solid S.
of the solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by the given
curves about the specified line. 49. A right circular cone with height h and base radius r
2
39. y 苷 sin x, y 苷 0, 0  x   ; about y 苷 1 50. A frustum of a right circular cone with height h, lower base
1x
2 radius R, and top radius r
40. y 苷 x, y 苷 xe ; about y 苷 3
r

41– 44 Each integral represents the volume of a solid. Describe h

the solid.
41.  y 42.  y y dy R

2 5
cos 2 x dx
0 2
530 |||| CHAPTER 8 FURTHER APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION

y y

1
s(x)

N Figure 8 shows the interpretation of the arc

length function in Example 4. Figure 9 shows the

1 P¸ 0 x
1
graph of this arc length function. Why is sx y=≈- 18 ln x
negative when x is less than 1?
s(x)=≈+18 ln x-1
0 1 x x

FIGURE 8 FIGURE 9

8.1 EXERCISES

1. Use the arc length formula (3) to find the length of the curve 15. y 苷 ln1  x 2 , 0  x  21
y 苷 2x  5, 1  x  3. Check your answer by noting that
the curve is a line segment and calculating its length by the 16. y 苷 sx  x 2  sin1 (sx )
distance formula.
17. y 苷 e x, 0x1
2. Use the arc length formula to find the length of the curve
y 苷 s2  x 2 , 0  x  1. Check your answer by noting that
the curve is part of a circle. 18. y 苷 ln

ex  1
ex  1
, a  x  b, a0

3–6 Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral for the length of the
curve.
3. y 苷 cos x, 0  x  2 ; 19–20 Find the length of the arc of the curve from point P to
point Q.
2
4. y 苷 xex , P (1, ), Q (1, )
1 1 1
0x1 19. y 苷 2 x 2, 2 2

5. x 苷 y  y 3, 1y4 20. x 2 苷  y  43, P1, 5, Q8, 8

x2 y2
6. 2  苷1
a b2
; 21–22 Graph the curve and visually estimate its length. Then find
its exact length.
2
7–18 Find the length of the curve. 21. y 苷 3 x 2  132, 1x3
7. y 苷 1  6x 32
, 0x1 x3 1 1
22. y 苷  , 2 x1
2
8. y 苷 4x  4 , 3
0  x  2, y0 6 2x

x5 1
9. y 苷  , 1x2 23–26 Use Simpson’s Rule with n 苷 10 to estimate the arc
6 10x 3
length of the curve. Compare your answer with the value of the
y4 1 integral produced by your calculator.
10. x 苷  , 1y2
8 4y 2 23. y 苷 xex, 0x5
11. x 苷 sy  y  3,
1
1y9
3
24. x 苷 y  sy , 1y2
12. y 苷 lncos x, 0  x  3
25. y 苷 sec x, 0  x  3
13. y 苷 lnsec x, 0  x  4
26. y 苷 x ln x, 1x3
1
14. y 苷 3  2 cosh 2x, 0x1
 SECTION 8.1 ARC LENGTH |||| 531

the distance traveled by the prey from the time it is dropped

; 27. (a) Graph the curve y 苷 x s4  x , 0  x  4.
3

(b) Compute the lengths of inscribed polygons with n 苷 1, 2,
and 4 sides. (Divide the interval into equal subintervals.)
Illustrate by sketching these polygons (as in Figure 6).
(c) Set up an integral for the length of the curve.
(d) Use your calculator to find the length of the curve to four
decimal places. Compare with the approximations in
part (b).
; 28. Repeat Exercise 27 for the curve
until the time it hits the ground. Express your answer correct
to the nearest tenth of a meter.
38. The Gateway Arch in St. Louis (see the photo on page 256)
was constructed using the equation
y 苷 211.49  20.96 cosh 0.03291765x
for the central curve of the arch, where x and y are measured
 
in meters and x  91.20. Set up an integral for the length
of the arch and use your calculator to estimate the length
y 苷 x  sin x 0  x  2 correct to the nearest meter.
CAS 29. Use either a computer algebra system or a table of integrals to
39. A manufacturer of corrugated metal roofing wants to produce
find the exact length of the arc of the curve y 苷 ln x that lies
panels that are 28 in. wide and 2 in. thick by processing flat
between the points 1, 0 and 2, ln 2.
sheets of metal as shown in the figure. The profile of the roof-
CAS 30. Use either a computer algebra system or a table of integrals to ing takes the shape of a sine wave. Verify that the sine curve
find the exact length of the arc of the curve y 苷 x 43 that lies
between the points 0, 0 and 1, 1. If your CAS has trouble
evaluating the integral, make a substitution that changes the
integral into one that the CAS can evaluate.
31. Sketch the curve with equation x 23  y 23 苷 1 and use sym-
metry to find its length.
32. (a) Sketch the curve y 3 苷 x 2.
(b) Use Formulas 3 and 4 to set up two integrals for the arc
length from 0, 0 to 1, 1. Observe that one of these is
an improper integral and evaluate both of them.
(c) Find the length of the arc of this curve from 1, 1
to 8, 4.
33. Find the arc length function for the curve y 苷 2x 32 with
starting point P0 1, 2.
1 3
; 34. (a) Graph the curve y 苷 3 x  14x, x  0.
(b) Find the arc length function for this curve with starting
point P0 (1, 127 ).
(c) Graph the arc length function.
35. Find the arc length function for the curve
y 苷 sin1 x  s1  x 2 with starting point 0, 1.
36. A steady wind blows a kite due west. The kite’s height above
ground from horizontal position x 苷 0 to x 苷 80 ft is given
by y 苷 150  401 x  502. Find the distance traveled by the
kite.
37. A hawk flying at 15 ms at an altitude of 180 m accidentally
drops its prey. The parabolic trajectory of the falling prey is
described by the equation
x2
y 苷 180 
45
until it hits the ground, where y is its height above the ground
and x is the horizontal distance traveled in meters. Calculate
has equation y 苷 sin x 7 and find the width w of a flat
metal sheet that is needed to make a 28-inch panel. (Use your
calculator to evaluate the integral correct to four significant
digits.)
2 in
w 28 in
40. (a) The figure shows a telephone wire hanging between
two poles at x 苷 b and x 苷 b. It takes the shape of a
catenary with equation y 苷 c  a coshxa. Find the
length of the wire.
; (b) Suppose two telephone poles are 50 ft apart and the
length of the wire between the poles is 51 ft. If the lowest
point of the wire must be 20 ft above the ground, how
high up on each pole should the wire be attached?
y
_b 0 b x
41. Find the length of the curve
y 苷 x1x st 3  1 dt 1x4
; 42. The curves with equations x  y 苷 1, n 苷 4, 6, 8, . . . , are
n n
called fat circles. Graph the curves with n 苷 2, 4, 6, 8, and
10 to see why. Set up an integral for the length L 2k of the fat
circle with n 苷 2k. Without attempting to evaluate this inte-
gral, state the value of lim k l  L 2k .
 SECTION 8.2 AREA OF A SURFACE OF REVOLUTION |||| 537

we have

S 苷 y 2 y
1

0
  1
dy
dx
2
dx 苷 2 y e x s1  e 2x dx
0
1

苷 2 y s1  u 2 du
e
(where u 苷 e x )
1

苷 2 y

sec 3
d
(where u 苷 tan
and 苷 tan1e)
4

N Or use Formula 21 in the Table of Integrals.
1
[
苷 2 ⴢ 2 sec
tan
 ln sec
 tan


]
4
(by Example 8 in Section 7.2)

[
苷  sec tan  lnsec  tan   s2  ln(s2  1) ]
Since tan 苷 e, we have sec 2 苷 1  tan 2 苷 1  e 2 and

[
S 苷  es1  e 2  ln(e  s1  e 2 )  s2  ln(s2  1) ] M

8.2 EXERCISES

1– 4 Set up, but do not evaluate, an integral for the area of the 17–20 Use Simpson’s Rule with n 苷 10 to approximate the area
surface obtained by rotating the curve about (a) the x-axis and of the surface obtained by rotating the curve about the x-axis.
(b) the y-axis. Compare your answer with the value of the integral produced by
your calculator.
1. y 苷 x 4, 0x1 2. y 苷 xex, 1x3
17. y 苷 ln x, 1x3 18. y 苷 x  sx , 1x2
3. y 苷 tan x, 1
0x1 4. x 苷 sy  y 2
x 2
19. y 苷 sec x, 0  x  3 20. y 苷 e , 0x1

5–12 Find the area of the surface obtained by rotating the curve
about the x-axis. CAS 21–22 Use either a CAS or a table of integrals to find the exact
area of the surface obtained by rotating the given curve about the
5. y 苷 x 3, 0x2 x-axis.
2
6. 9x 苷 y  18, 2x6 21. y 苷 1x, 1x2 22. y 苷 sx 2  1 , 0x3
7. y 苷 s1  4x , 1x5
8. y 苷 c  a coshxa, 0xa CAS 23–24 Use a CAS to find the exact area of the surface obtained
by rotating the curve about the y-axis. If your CAS has trouble
9. y 苷 sin  x, 0x1 evaluating the integral, express the surface area as an integral in
3
x 1 1 the other variable.
10. y 苷  , 2 x1
6 2x 23. y 苷 x 3, 0y1 24. y 苷 lnx  1, 0x1
1 2 32
11. x 苷  y  2 ,
3 1y2
12. x 苷 1  2y , 2
1y2

25. If the region ᏾ 苷 x, y x  1, 0  y  1x is rotated

about the x-axis, the volume of the resulting solid is finite
(see Exercise 63 in Section 7.8). Show that the surface area is
13–16 The given curve is rotated about the y-axis. Find the area infinite. (The surface is shown in the figure and is known as
of the resulting surface. Gabriel’s horn.)
y
13. y 苷 s
3
x, 1y2
1
y= x
14. y 苷 1  x 2, 0x1
15. x 苷 sa 2  y 2 , 0  y  a2
0 1 x
1 2 1
16. y 苷 x  ln x,
4 2 1x2
538 |||| CHAPTER 8 FURTHER APPLICATIONS OF INTEGRATION

26. If the infinite curve y 苷 ex, x  0, is rotated about the CAS 32. Use the result of Exercise 31 to set up an integral to find the
x-axis, find the area of the resulting surface. area of the surface generated by rotating the curve y 苷 sx ,
0  x  4, about the line y 苷 4. Then use a CAS to evaluate
27. (a) If a  0, find the area of the surface generated by rotating
the loop of the curve 3ay 2 苷 xa  x2 about the x-axis.
(b) Find the surface area if the loop is rotated about the
y-axis.
28. A group of engineers is building a parabolic satellite dish
whose shape will be formed by rotating the curve y 苷 ax 2
about the y-axis. If the dish is to have a 10-ft diameter and a
maximum depth of 2 ft, find the value of a and the surface
area of the dish.
29. (a) The ellipse
x2 y2
the integral.
33. Find the area of the surface obtained by rotating the circle
x 2  y 2 苷 r 2 about the line y 苷 r.
34. Show that the surface area of a zone of a sphere that lies
between two parallel planes is S 苷  dh, where d is the diam-
eter of the sphere and h is the distance between the planes.
(Notice that S depends only on the distance between the
planes and not on their location, provided that both planes
intersect the sphere.)
2  苷1 ab
a b2 35. Formula 4 is valid only when f x  0. Show that when
is rotated about the x-axis to form a surface called an f x is not necessarily positive, the formula for surface area
ellipsoid, or prolate spheroid. Find the surface area of this becomes
ellipsoid.
(b) If the ellipse in part (a) is rotated about its minor axis (the S 苷 y 2 f x s1   f x 2 dx
b

y-axis), the resulting ellipsoid is called an oblate spheroid. a

Find the surface area of this ellipsoid.

36. Let L be the length of the curve y 苷 f x, a  x  b, where
30. Find the surface area of the torus in Exercise 63 in
f is positive and has a continuous derivative. Let S f be the
Section 6.2.
surface area generated by rotating the curve about the x-axis.
31. If the curve y 苷 f x, a  x  b, is rotated about the If c is a positive constant, define tx 苷 f x  c and let St
horizontal line y 苷 c, where f x  c, find a formula for the be the corresponding surface area generated by the curve
area of the resulting surface. y 苷 tx, a  x  b. Express St in terms of S f and L .

D I S COV E RY ROTATING ON A SLANT

PROJECT
We know how to find the volume of a solid of revolution obtained by rotating a region about a
horizontal or vertical line (see Section 6.2). We also know how to find the surface area of a sur-
face of revolution if we rotate a curve about a horizontal or vertical line (see Section 8.2). But
what if we rotate about a slanted line, that is, a line that is neither horizontal nor vertical? In this
project you are asked to discover formulas for the volume of a solid of revolution and for the
area of a surface of revolution when the axis of rotation is a slanted line.
Let C be the arc of the curve y 苷 f x between the points P p, f  p and Qq, f q and let ᏾
be the region bounded by C, by the line y 苷 mx  b (which lies entirely below C ), and by the
perpendiculars to the line from P and Q.

y Q
y=ƒ

P C y=m x+b

Îu

0 p q x
 APPENDIX I ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES |||| A91

Exercises 3.
2
1. (a) 8 (b) 5.7
y y

y=ƒ y=ƒ
2 2

6 6
0 2 x 0 2 x

5. 162
y y
y=9
7. f is c, f  is b, x0x f t dt is a (6, 9)
1
3.
4
2 5. 3
9 21
9. 37 11. 10 13. 76 15. 4 17. Does not exist x=0
1
19. 3 sin 1 21. 0 23. 1x  2 ln x x C   x=2œ„
y
25. sx 2 4x C 27.
1(2
 sin 2
t C
29. 2e sx C
1
31.  2
lncos x 2 C
0 x 0 x
1 4
33. 4 ln1 x  C 35. ln 1 sec  C  23
37. 3 
39. 2 s1 sin x C
64
41. 5 43. Fx 苷 x 1 x 3 
2

45. tx 苷 4x 3 cosx 8  47. y 苷 (2e x  e sx )2x 7. 4

21 y y
49. 4  x13 sx 2 3 dx  4 s3 55. 0.280981 (1, 1)
57. Number of barrels of oil consumed from Jan. 1, 2000, through
Jan. 1, 2008 y=x
59. 72,400 61. 3 63. c  1.62 y=˛
2
65. f x 苷 e 2x1 2x1  ex  71. 3
0 x 0 x

PROBLEMS PLUS N PAGE 413

1
1.
2 3. f x 苷 2 x 5. 1 7. e2
9.
1, 2
1 1 1
11. (a) n  1n
2 (b) b2b  b  1  2 a2a  a  1
2
17. 2(s2  1) 9. 64
15 y y

¥=x
CHAPTER 6 (4, 2)

x=2y
EXERCISES 6.1 N PAGE 420
0 x 0 x
32 10 1 1
1. 3 3. e  1e 3 5. 19.5 7. 6 9. ln 2  2
1 59 32
11. 3 13. 72 15. 2  2 ln 2 17. 12 19. 3 11.
6 y y
8 1 2
21. 3 23. 2 25.
 3 27. ln 2 29. 6.5
31. 2 s3  1
3
33. 0.6407 35. 0, 0.90; 0.04 37. 8.38
1
39. 12s6  9 41. 117 3 ft 43. 4232 cm2 y=1
y=œ„
x (1, 1)
45. (a) Car A (b) The distance by which A is ahead of B after
1 minute (c) Car A (d) t  2.2 min
y=x
47. 5 s3
24
49. 4 23 51. 6 0
53. 0  m  1; m  ln m  1 x 0 x

13. 2
( 3
 s3 )
4
EXERCISES 6.2 N PAGE 430
y
1. 19
12 π y=3 π y
y 1 y ”_ 3 , 3’ ” 3 , 3’
y=2- 2 x

1 y=1+sec x
x=1
x=2
y=1 y=1
0 1 y=0 2 x 0 x

0 x 0 x
A92 |||| APPENDIX I ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES

15. 16
兾15 y
x=1
y 5.
共1  1兾e兲
x=1
y y
x=¥ (1, 1)
1 y=e_≈

0 x 0 x

0
0 1 x x
(1, _1)
x

7. 16

y y
17. 29
兾30 y=4(x-2)@
7 y=≈-4x+7
y y
(1, 4) (3, 4)
x=¥ (1, 1) 0 2 x 2 x
x
y=≈

_1
0 x 0 x 9. 21
兾2
x=_1

19.
兾7 21.
兾10 23.
兾2 25. 7
兾15

兾4
27.

5 兾14 29. 13
兾30 31.
x0
共1  tan3 x兲2 dx

33.
0 关1  共1  sin x兲 兴 dx
x 2 2

35.
x2s2
2s2
[
5  (s1 y 2 2)
2 2
] dy
37. 1.288, 0.884; 23.780 39. 8
2
11

41. Solid obtained by rotating the region 0  y  cos x,

0  x 
兾2 about the x-axis
43. Solid obtained by rotating the region above the x-axis bounded
by x 苷 y 2 and x 苷 y 4 about the y-axis
49. 3
r 2h
1
45. 1110 cm 3 47. (a) 196 (b) 838
51.
h (r  3 h)
2 1 2 2 3
53. 3 b h 55. 10 cm 57. 24
1 8
59. 3 61. 15

63. (a) 8
R x sr 2  y 2 dy
r
0
(b) 2
2r 2R 11. 768
兾7 13. 16
兾3 15. 7
兾15 17. 8
兾3
65. (b)
r h
r 69. 8 x0r sR 2  y 2 sr 2  y 2 dy 19. 5
兾14 x12 2
x ln x dx
2 5 3
67. 12 21.
23. x01 2
共x 1兲关sin共
x兾2兲  x 4 兴 dx
EXERCISES 6.3 N PAGE 436
25. x0
2
共4  y兲 ssin y dy 27. 3.68
29. Solid obtained by rotating the region 0  y  x 4, 0  x  3
1. Circumference 苷 2
x, height 苷 x 共x  1兲2;
兾15
about the y-axis
31. Solid obtained by rotating the region bounded by
(i) x 苷 1  y 2, x 苷 0, and y 苷 0, or (ii) x 苷 y 2, x 苷 1, and y 苷 0
about the line y 苷 3
35. 32
3 37. 8
39. 2
共12  4 ln 4兲
1
33. 0.13
41. 3
43. 3
r 3 45. 3
r 2h
4 4 1

EXERCISES 6.4 PAGE 441

3. 2

15
1. 588 J 3. 9 ft-lb 5. 180 J 7. ft-lb 4

⬇ 1.04 J 11. W2 苷 3W1

25
9. (a) 24 (b) 10.8 cm
1875
13. (a) 625 ft-lb (b) 4 ft-lb 15. 650,000 ft-lb
17. 3857 J 19. 2450 J 21. ⬇1.06  10 6 J

23. ⬇1.04  10 5 ft-lb 25. 2.0 m 29. Gm1 m2 冉 冊

1
a

1
b
 APPENDIX I ANSWERS TO ODD-NUMBERED EXERCISES |||| A97

sin x s4  sin 2 x  2 ln (sin x  s4  sin 2 x )  C 9. 2s1   2  2 ln (  s1   2 )

1 21
57. 2 11. 2 
13. 27 (145 s145  10 s10 )
1
61. No 15.  a 2
63. (a) 1.925444 (b) 1.920915 (c) 1.922470 17. 9.023754 19. 13.527296
65. (a) 0.01348, n  368 (b) 0.00674, n  260 1
[
21. 4 4 ln(s17  4)  4 ln(s2  1)  s17  4 s2 ]
67. 8.6 mi
69. (a) 3.8 (b) 1.7867, 0.000646 (c) n  30
[
23. 6 ln(s10  3)  3 s10
1
]
71. C 73. 2
3
75. 16  2 27. (a) 3 a 2
1
(b)
56
45  s3 a 2

PROBLEMS PLUS N PAGE 521 29. (a) 2 b 2  a b sin1(sa 2  b 2a)

2

sa 2  b 2

1. About 1.85 inches from the center
7. f  苷 2
13. 2  sin1 (2s5 )
11. b baa 1bae1
3. 0

(b) 2 a 2 
ab 2 sin1(sb 2  a 2b)
sb 2  a 2

31. xab 2 c  f x
s1  f x
2 dx 33. 4 2r 2
CHAPTER 8

EXERCISES 8.1 N PAGE 530 EXERCISES 8.3 N PAGE 547

1. (a) 187.5 lbft 2
x y (b) 1875 lb (c) 562.5 lb
4
1. 4s5 3. 2
s1  sin 2 x dx 5. s9y 4  6y 2  2 dy
0 1 3. 6000 lb 5. 6.7
10 4 N 7. 9.8
10 3 N
7.
2
243 (82 s82  1) 9.
1261
240 11.
32
3 9. 1.2
10 4 lb
2
11. 3  ah 13. 5.27
10 5 N
13. ln(s2  1) 15. ln 3  2
1 15. (a) 314 N (b) 353 N
17. (a) 5.63
10 3 lb (b) 5.06
10 4 lb
17. s1  e  s2  ln(s1  e 2  1)  1  ln(s2  1)
2
(c) 4.88
10 4 lb (d) 3.03
10 5 lb
19. s2  ln (1  s2 )
46
21. 3 23. 5.115840 19. 2.5
10 5 N
23
21. 230; 7 23. 10; 1; (21 , 21 )
1 10

25. 1.569619
27. (a), (b) L 1 苷 4,
L 2  6.43,
25. 0, 1.6 27.  1
e1
,
e1
4
 29. ( 209 , 209 )
L 4  7.50
31. ( s2  4
,
1
4 s2  1) 4 (s2  1)
33. (2, 0)
35. 60; 160; ( 3, 1) 41. (0, 12 )
8 1
37. 0.781, 1.330
1
45. 3 r 2h

(c) x04 s1  43  x34  x23 

2 dx (d) 7.7988 EXERCISES 8.4 N PAGE 553

29. s5  ln ( (1  s5 ))  s2  ln (1  s2 ) 1. $38,000 3. $43,866,933.33 5. $407.25

1
2
31. 6 7. $12,000 9. 3727; $37,753
1  kb 2k  a 2k 
11.
2
3 (16s2  8)  $9.75 million 13.
2  kb 1k  a 1k 
15. 1.19
104 cm 3s
17. 6.60 Lmin 19. 5.77 Lmin

EXERCISES 8.5 N PAGE 560

1. (a) The probability that a randomly chosen tire will have a
33. sx 苷 27 [1  9x32  10 s10 ] 35. 2 s2 (s1  x  1)
2
lifetime between 30,000 and 40,000 miles
37. 209.1 m 39. 29.36 in. 41. 12.4 (b) The probability that a randomly chosen tire will have a
lifetime of at least 25,000 miles
EXERCISES 8.2 N PAGE 537 3. (a) f x  0 for all x and x

f x dx 苷 1
(b) 1  8 s3  0.35
3

1. (a) x01 2 x 4 s1  16x 6 dx (b) x01 2 x s1  16x 6 dx 5. (a) 1 (b) 12

7. (a) f x  0 for all x and x


1 f x dx 苷 1 (b) 5
3. (a) y 2 tan1 x
1
1 dx 11. (a) e42.5  0.20 (b) 1  e22.5  0.55 (c) If you
0 1  x 2  2
aren’t served within 10 minutes, you get a free hamburger.
(b) y 2 x
1

0
 1
1
1  x 2  2
dx 13. 44%
15. (a) 0.0668 (b) 5.21%
5. 27  (145 s145  1)
1 98
7. 3  17. 0.9545