Eme,gency Communication Svstem using Wireless Mesh Technology with Mobile Application

f CHAPTER 3
Project Design Procedures

The Emergency Communication System consists of an Android Mobile Application IE-connect

A plication) for both user and rescuer to be use, Includes an administrator In managing the web application
topology.
w':,lch serves as command center of the system, and an implemented own network using mesh network

A. Hardware Development

: 100mete,s

.
Figure 3 .l System Block Diagram

P d' t nee between t he command center access

. The figure shows the system block . ram
d1ag . 50wherein
meters.theFrom
,s aRemote rou ter tetorouter
Remote1 isrouter 2 and
100 meters.
~,, •nd t ess point os uter 3 to Remo1
o every remote router ace . tance from Remote ro . sq. or 1 hectare. The
II mote router 4, has 70. 71 meters. The total dis ters Thus, the total area is 10. 's000
on the distance of each
"emote • I O 100 me · d' tances vane
system route, 4 to Remote router 2 1s as f implemen tatlon and is
, "" be movable depending on area O
I p ag e
ccess Points to each other from the command center.
10
 Emergency Communication System using Wireless Mesh Technology with Mobile Application
f CHAPTER 3

The 30-meter radius coverage area of the Access point is the theoretical value that a smart phone could
connect to the access point via Wi-Fi 2.4 Ghz.

The following are the computation of area of one network and area of one access point given in Figure
3.1.

a. Computation of Area of One Network

Formula:

Area= L x W

• L= 100 meters
• W= 100 meters

Area = 100 x 100 = 10, 000 sq. or 1 hectare

Using the (a) formula in finding the area of a space, wherein L is length and Wis width. Given the length
is 100 meters and width is 100 meters. Therefore, the total coverage area of one network is 10,000 sq. or
equivalent to 1 hectare.

b. Coverage Area of One Access Poin t

Formula:

Area= llr
• r= 30 meters
• fl= 3.1416

Area= 3.1416 x (302) = 2,827.44 sq.

In computing the (b) area of one access point, the area of a circle was used wherein R is the radius.
Given the radius of the access point is 30 meters and the pie value is 3.1416. Therefore, the total coverage area
of one access point is 2,827.44 square meters.

B. Software Development

each The E-Connect App11ca · t·10n, developed by the researchers • will allow the rescuers to communicate
. . with
.
has 50Other Without any carrier signals. It will also allow victims to request help from the_ admm. The a~phcat1on
rneI'functionalities/modu1es, [l] vie
(onry ap • w·,ng users connected to the network, [2] chatting and [3] calling users
Pies When the user is connected to the network)

ll! Page

lltll
Emergency Communication System using Wireless Mesh Technology with Mobile Application
CHAPTER 3
1. Conceptual Framework

The following are the conceptual frameworks of the system including the admin in the command
center's connection to the responders which is included in one of the functionalities of the system.

Request Help
Using Mobile APP

Admln
Displays all the Help
requests (from the Command Center forwards
VICtims) all the req1.1ests to the
Responder/s
Responder/a
Figure 3.2 The Overall Conceptual Framework of the System

Using the E- connect App,

the admin can communicate
to all responders and users
who are connected
Responderls

Responderls Responderls

Figure 3.3 Conceptual Framewor,k between the

d Admin in the
Command Center and of the respon ers.

12 I Pag e
 Emergency Communication System usin g w·1reless Mesh T h
ec nology w1'th Mobile Application
I CHAPTER3
The following figures shows th e fl owcharts of the
software,s system modules.

a. Flo wchart of the Rescue Application

Input name
No Input

Join Call
!
Conference

Leave Call Send Message

Confer ence

Message Sent

Exit App

Figure 3.4 Rescue Application Flow Chart

rescuer rnustThe figure above shows the rescue application wherein when the rescuer opens the application, the
• to . enter its name then tap the "Join"
oPtion . . button to enter to the conference. After It, the rescuer has the
the rescuer101 n to the ca II conference or to chat the other rescuers. When the rescuer leaves the call conference,
tan exit to : " exit the application. As well as when the rescuer sends the messages to the rescuers, the rescuer
1 e application.

13 IP a g e
 Emergency Communication Syste m usingW'
,
rreless Mesh T
echnology with M .
obrle Application f CHAPTER 3
b. Flowchart of the User App 1ICOtlOn
. .

Open
App

r Enter

~l
Connecting

Success

II I

Figure 3.5 User Application Flow Chart

I
I'

"1ter i~!~~re shows the user application wherein the user starts to open the application, the user must
IVlien the us:r O connect to the database of the system. If It's success then the user can now Join the chat page.
~, User tan seo ds message, s/he can send message and the admin/command center will receive it After it,
now tap th e "Are you safe?" button when s/he is safe.

14 I P a ge
 Emergency Communication System using w· 1
ire ess Mesh Technolo . .
gy with Mobile Application I CHAPTER 3
c. Flowchart of the Adm in Web ApP,1cat1
. .on

Username
Password

Verification

Login Success

Display List of Users ·.·_.. Display List of Rescuer Call Manage Web
· .• Safe· Users
Conference App

Reply Received .
Messages

Figure 3.6 Web Application Flow Chart

. The figure shows the web application for the administrator/command center wherein the admin will
click th e "log-in" button. The administrator now will enter the username and password. When it's success the
Web application will now display the lists of the user and can reply now the messages, also will show the lists of
lhe safe users, can join the call conference of the rescuers and can manage the web application.

15 I P a ge
 Emergency Communication System using Wireless Mesh Technology with Mobile Application
I CHAPTER 3
2_ Implementation

In implementing the system, the researchers are planni'ng to build an android application through a
platform called CORDOVA hybrid platform for two user interfaces -- the victims and rescuers . For the admin user
interface, the researchers will create a web application using NodeJS as the backend .and HTML. CSS, JavaScript
for the frontend.

c. Prot ot ype Developm ent

The system's materials needed to use in hardware prototyping are listed below in the Table 3.1 with the
following functions.

a. Hardware Materials

The table shows the hardware materials that the researchers used and its function.

Materials Function Image

Mikrotik Hap Mini Modem/Router/Access Point

L _______ _ _ ..J.._ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

I
'
1
'
Source: Mikrotik.com j
I

Mikrotik Metal 2shpn Modem/Router/Access Point

I
Source: Mikro~k.co~ _
'

Solar Panel
Power Source

source: Cdr-king.com
I'
- _ _J _ _ _ _ _I

16 I P a ge
 Emergency Communication System using Wireless Mesh Technology with Mobile Application
f CHAPTER 3
--
r
- -

- 7

Maintenance-Free
12V SAh Battery Power Storage
I

- ,---- -. . TI - -_,__-----,..___ Source: Alibaba.com

sv Power bank
Power Storage

/~----~ -~--;-- ~ Source:

~-- - - --
Alibaba.com

UTP Cable with RJ 45

Cable connection for networking

I
I

Source: Alibaba.com

PoE Cable Injector

For Mikrotik Metal 2~hpn
\- I,

Source: Bestbuy.com

Pole/Tripod/Stand
For the Access Point

--- ._J
i

17 I P a ge

WI
 Emergency Communication System using Wireless Mesh Technology with Mobile Application

f CHAPTER 3
--f - - ------- i
I I
Toolbox
I Will serve as compartment box for
routers, power bank with solar panel
/
I
•
'-
i
/
II .
--:-- ---L - - - - - - - - - - L_________ _j
I I

Table 3.1 List of Hardware Materials

b. Project Costing

The table shows the quantity, materials and amount of the project costing.

8 pcs
Cords
P 200.00
Foam II
____
-------- - --~-+-- P 130.00
1
~----- -
Rubber
P 90.00
1---- 1 Nylon
P 75.00
I
1 pack -~
r - - _ , _ ____ ~_ --- Cable tie P 32.50 '
1 ! Inverter & Charger
---,I I

----.:.._....____ ~.----!____ P 1,500.00

- 1
-
I
Solar Panel (Main) P 1,350.00
I - ----- ---.----- -------.----------

--
1 j
- ----J
!
Battery & Wires p 990.00 i
-·~--
I
- --+---- ---- I
1 --i
• I
Labor p 1020.00 I
--- I
-- -
- - - - - ~ - - - ------ -i
I

Printing p 300.00
tt 16,632.50

Table 3.2 List of Project CoS ting

18 I P a ge

w
EmergenCy communication System using Wireless Mesh Technology with Mobile Application
CHAPTER3
c. The Prototype

The following shows the actual images of the prototype and materials used in each part.

Solar Panel 6VSW

Casing/Enclosure

Pole/Stand

Figure 3. 7 Actual image of the remote access point.

19 I P age
 rg ency Communication System using Wireless Mesh Technology with Mobi'le A . .
Erne PP 11cat1on
CHAPTER 3

Mlkrotik Hapmini

use Connector
from Solar Panel to
Powerbank

POWERBARI'
use Connector
from Hapminl to
Powerbank

Powereank

Figure 3.8 The actual image inside the remote access point enclosure (Hapmini)

if
'

Figure 3.9 The actual image inside the remote access point enclosure (Hap/ite)

20 I Page
 n
cy Communication System using Wireless Mesh Technology with Mobile A • t ·
emerge pp 1ca 10n
1
I CHAPTER 3

Washer, Nuts,
and Bolts

[ Rubber Matting J Foam

Figure 3.10 Actual image of the enclosure's parts and materials used.

I
l
r

21 IP ag e

WI
 rgency communication System using Wireless Mesh T h .
Erne ec no 1ogy with Mobile Application
CHAPTER3

Mlkrottk Metal
Zshpn

CAT 6 Ethernet
Cable

[ Pole/Stand ]

Figure 3.11 Actual image of the main access point located at the command center.

22 I Pag e
 Emergency Communication System using Wireless Mesh Technology with Mobile Application
f CHAPTER4
Testing, Presentation and Interpretation of Data

A test plan documents is the strategy that w·11

1 b d •
. .. . .. e use to verify and ensure that the product or system
meets its design spec1f1catlon and fun~1on_aht1es. The goal in testing is to ensure the quality, usability, reliability,
and performance of the system or application.

• To define the hardware and software resources required.

• To ensure all functional and design requ1·rements
are implemented as specified in the
documentation

• To estimate the system testing process, to establish the process standards and to describe the tests
that should carried out.

• To describe the testing scope and activities. It is the basis for formally testing any software or
product in project.

A. Field Test of the Design

Some field tests were done to check if this design is functional and can successfully interact or
communicate with both mobile application to the server-web application. Coverage and signal strength test is to
see whether it is suitable for long range connection in open space. Network speed test is to see what the
throughput performance of the design is. Finally, switch-over time is to verify the seamless handover function
with numbers.

B. Software and Hardware Testing

1. User M obile Application . . .

To test the user mobile application, the researchers used different kinds of cellphone which 1s android
~ersion this includes Samsung, Xiaomi and Cherry Mobile. The application requires to install in smartphones and
it should connect to the E-connect Wi-Fi.

2
st- Rescue M obile Application · . . of cell hone which is android
v To te the rescuer mobile application the researchers used different kinds P h d
ersion th' 1nd
. ' . . ·res to install in smartp ones an
it shOUld co
is udes Samsung, Xiaomi and Cherry Mobile. The application requ,
nnect to the E-connect Wi-Fi.

Tot! th Admin Web Application . . enc Wi-Fi to connect to the server and
a Wind ows 10t lapt
e Web application , the researchers used Mikrotik/emerg Y
op.

23 I P age
Emergency Communication System using Wireless Mesh Technology with Mobile Application

4. Hardware f CHAPTER 4
th
To test
cases d uring thethe hardware,
testing phase. e researchers used the different materials needed as well as the different test

C. Summary of Test Results

1. Admin Software Test Results

· The admin software was able to meet its requirements to be

Funcdona//ty Te,ting , tested Which includes the logging In to the software and
/ able to send and receive message to the users and rescuers.
;· Th·e- actual -resu.lts- -;.;~t -~hie -t~ . meet t h; ~~pect~d -;
· repeated results on the software's response but the
! reliability testing was able to conduct with a "passed" i
Reliability Te,ting i output within respon,e Ume of less than 2 seconds for :
1 logging in to the software and sending/receiving message.
Viewing the rescue and safe user list requires 30 seconds ,
i response time. 1

. r The pertonnance t~stini wlthi~ ;,.;~as-ableto m~asure

Performance Testing ; and calculate the distance between the router and admin ;
__ _j with_a distance of 1 meter as tested. _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ . ___ _
Table 4.1 Summary of the Admin Software Test Results I

I.
2. Hardware Test Results

Functionality Each component was tested to determine if it is functioning ,

and able to be integrated with the other components of the /
j syster:!1·. __ . . ___ _

-
List of Components Tested
Mikrotik Hap Mini The users ·are able to ·c;;~-nect through the Wi-Fi I f
. routers. _ _, ______ .. ··- ,I
Mlkrotlk Metal 2shpn . The built=in·N~Male connector and pole attachments
, are able to attach an antenna ~irectly. _ . _
Solar Panel . The ~olar panel wa~ able to provide a power to the
battery. _ _ _
P(?le/Tripod/Stand
'-The· pole was able to support the tools. -·
Maintenance-free 12V 5Ah Battery " The batt;~ was able to store energy and supply power
energy. _ · · h
Sv Power Bank : The power bank was able to supply energy tot e
; route~ used. -- - dd . t to the
Poe Cable Injector . ' The cable was able to provide power an a a
command center. · - t b for -
Toolbox The to~lbox was able to serve as compartmen ox
1
routers, power _b k and solar
- -panel.
-- - _ the .
·th·
Micro use Cable Th; co~necting cables was able to connect w1 in
Mikrotik Hap Mini.
24 I P age
Erner
genCV Communication System using Wireless Mesh Te h

UTP Cable with RJ45

.
c no 1ogy with Mobile Application

The cab-I~
~etworks.
-was able to provide c~nnection for
CHAPTER 4
-
I
Table 4.2 List of Components Tested for the Hardware Testing
'I

Combination each of components/modules was tested and '

checked if the components/modules are working with
Integration • I
each other and if the design of the system is attainable.
The hardware was able to transmit and receive signal as
well as to transfer and receive data using the network '
provided. 1
'- - ---- --•-- --· --- - - - - ~. ~-.. . -----;:....:..i . . . . . . ., ---1
Rellablllty The hardware's response time was tested with a stable
transmission and receiving of signal and data within a
maximum response time of 1 second.
' Th~ hardw-;re-wis·t;sted a~d ap~~i~ ately- ~v;l~ted the
throughput to any remote points. It has been observed '
that if Mikrotik Hapmini and Haplite have a distance of SO
, meters from the main access point located in the ·
ICMP Bandwidth command center, there is a very stable signal and the
. signal interference caused by obstructions of cement walls ;
' and trees were negligible. If a remote router has a distance 1

of more than SO meters from the main access point, the

connection suffers a slight instability of signal transmitted i
1
to and received from the main access point. I
- --•--· - - -- - - · - - - - - - - - - - - -- - - . - - - I
The users/clients were able to have a stable connection to
' the access points at a distance of 30 meters. Exceeding 30 :
' meters up to SO meters, users/clients can still connect to 1
: the access points but suffer from slight instability and at !
ICMP Bandwidth (For User Hotspot)
· some point, they were disconnected and needs to re- ,
establish the connection again. This was perhaps due to :
iI their smartphone's antenna which is known to have a very '
' low received sensitivity.
· Table4.3 S~mmary~j theHardware TestResults ---

3. Victim App Software Test Result

d lopment in which software '.

; The process within softwa~e t~:: it conforms to all the ,
' was tested and ensur: l"ty of the victim applications :
· . The funct1ona 1
Functionality Testing ; requirements. . . as l00% working properly.
' ftware development testing w
so --- ,
l It includ~ .. ________ --- t_ t_e_d,_o_n ·,ts·;e; p0 ~; e time. The
· - -- -- f f n was es
; E ach software unc ,o bl to calculate the actual ,
· was be a e
reliability testing . 0 ening the app requires not ,
I response time of its action. p time which may be due to :
Reliability Testing . more than 13 ~econds_ application to the _mobile
the first time installa~10 h pplication only requires an
· inside t e a •
phone. Functions ond of its respons~!'.!!'~ ---
i ave rag~ of ~! l_s~~;range cl ar; ;;_,hether if it is
.., ____ - - ....
..... ..,... ___ - - ___ _,_. ,-- t ·include the coverag
Performance Testing 1 The tes 25 I p a g e
 rgenCV Communication System using Wireless Mesh Technology wi·th M b"I A . .
Erne o I e pphcat1on
I· CHAPTER 4
-, .,..__,,__ - ----- ...,. - -
I suitable_ in_ a longrange co;nection- short range-1 o,:-
connection in an open area and hindrance.
Tf'\e range 30 - 50 meters of the performance software 1 I
l--
1
---· -~---~-.,.__ - -- - 1 development was attained the exact distance from the
, router.
I
I ... ----- - ·- - - •. - --- · - -- - - - - - - - -l
I Combination each of modules was tested to check if the 1

1 modules are working with each other and if the design of 1

I the system is attainable. 1
1
1
Integration 1 The team was be able to test 100% working app and ;

i software within chat integration. In using the application, it /

/ requires 1.50 seconds response time. The test also includes 1
the response time of the application to the admin. It takes I
' 3.10 seconds for the user to receive the message sent by the j
__ _ ___ _ I admin. '
Table 4.4 Summary oitlie v;ctirn-APi,-sOftwa;e-fest Re5ults --· -- ·--- -

4. Rescue App Software Test Result

Type of Test Result

The first test did not work and encountered some •bugs as I
1

Functionality Testing / expected. Tl)e ov~rall functionapty testing of the application i

: on the second test passed the expected result of the /
____ ..•___ .Jd'un~!o~~l!!Y_~~sting. ·--~-. ·=~- _........._~.L~-'--!
: The first reliability test encountered a failure on the call 1
1 conferencing function of the software which requires time 1
Reliability Testing ! for the developers to fix. The following test passed all the 1
/ reliability testing. Response time of the application has an
1
/ average of 6 seconds on all the tested functions of the i
-- -- - -·-~----- -~--~----,-..,-,,
I application. __ _ _ _ _;.!
j _The ~eam tes!ed_the dist~r,ce range of eachr~outer u_sing
[ android phone to chat while the call conferencing features i
Performance Testing ·/ was not -able to test· because .tl'\ere was bug with the ~II /
during the first performance testing. During the succeeding ,
l·
test, the appllt~tion passed,1an expected result for the I

-----~~-L...£.~ - ·----
. t .:...~
-- · 1
p_elicaA!_grt to work. ,.:,. , . _;___;..,L...~~-- !
The integration testing chat response time was fine while :
,i
Integration
I the call feature failed to be tested because there was a bug.
I ftwas fixed during the second test and able to pass the ;
1 I
/ overall integration testing__otfhe c!f?Pl[~_~i~~- __ _
Table ;i-Xsummary o{the R~ci:ie App Software Test Results

See Append/
x Efor actual results of tests.

26 I P age
 E ergency Communication System using Wireless M h T
rn

D. Results and Discussions

es echnology
w,'th Mob'1le Application I CHAPTER 4
1. Hardware

Based on the results of the tests conducted M . . .

, ikrotik Hapm1n1 and Mikrotik Haplite as remote
routers/access points, were able to successfully establish a co . . . '
mmun1cat1on hnk to the command center from a
range of 50 meters. All routers were functioning as backh . k
11
au in s and at the same time are access points
catering all the clients/users within the 10, 000 sq. meters rectangular area.

It has been observed that if Mikrotik Hapmini and Hapl'ite hav d' t f so f ·
th e a 1s ance o meters rom the main
nd
access point located in e comma center, there is a very stable signal and the signal interference caused by
nd
obstructions of cement walls a trees were negligible. If a remote router has a distance of more than so meters
from the main access point, the connection suffers a slight instability of signal transmitted to and received from
the main access point.

The users/clients were able to have a stable connection to the access points at a distance of 30 meters.
Exceeding 30 meters up to SO meters, users/clients can still connect to the access points but suffer from slight
instability and at some point, they were disconnected and needs to re-establish the connection again. This was
perhaps due to their smartphone's antenna which is known to have a very low received sensitivity. See Appendix
Efor the detailed test result.

The researchers/developers were also able to observe that if the remote routers are re-arranged from
rectangular area to a linear direction, the speed or bandwidth connection was degraded by half from one access

point to another access point. First reason would be the nature of the Wireless Distribution System or WDS

where the antenna was used as transmitter and receiver for every access points it connects and deals with.

Thus, if the main access point and the first remote access point has a 150 Mbps Upload/Download bandwidth

speed, the moment the second remote access point join the link, the first access point is only able to establish a

comm unicat1on
· . link to the second remote access point
. wit
. h 75 Mb ps Upload/Download bandwidth speed.
I

Second reason would be due to the type of network radio antenna, a11 remot e access points have multiple-input-
. \1
I
lllultiple-output (MIMO) antenna where one antenna acts as the receiver
. an d the other one is the _transmitter.
.
While the main
. access point was single-input-single-output (SISO) w here only one can be used at a time, thus,

s1s0 cannot transmit. and receive at the same time .m which

.
translates
to slower communication.

27 I Pa g e
 rgency Communication System using Wireless M h T
Ern e es echnology w·th
1 Mob1le
• Application
CHAPTER4
2. Software

The E-Connect App had two versions intended for tw0 r .

c ients, one is for user/victim and the other one is for
rescuers. Both android app has a capability of sending
. . messages th rough chat. Only the rescuer app has the
groUP call functionality. See Appendix D for the actual screen shots of the application.
'I
Using the E-Connect App for the victim, the user was abl e to communicate
. and ask help to the command
center through chatting. At an average of 1.50 seconds, the v1·ct·1ms were able to send their. message to the
command center. It takes 3.50 seconds to transmit the reply commg
. from t he command center. It is because of
the main access point used by th e comma nd center has only a single-input-single-output (SISO) type of network
radio antenna and th e remote access points were multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO). Thus, the message
sent from the comma nd center needs to queue and wait for the main access point's antenna to be in transmit
mode then transmit all the data to their respective destinations.

The complete transaction of the victims, i.e. from opening the E-Connect App to receiving a reply from the 'I
1

command center took 28 seconds. :\

E-connect App for rescuers had a functionality of group call, establishing a group .call took 5.76 seconds 1\
which is quite faster than manually calling all the rescuers one by one using the traditional way of GSM Calls. :1

calls using the E-connect App were crisp and clear but tend to suffer echoes at some point, especially when
participants of the group call are just 1 meter near to each other. As the rescuers moved around the square area
of 100 meters by 100 meters, voices were delayed by an average of 1.5 seconds which is quite acceptable since
the network signal fluctuates at given location. There were cases during the testing, the group call became one-
to-many communication just like a radio station and the listeners. It was deemed failed and the necessary patch
was applied. The reason for that problem was due to the smartphone's outdated version of WebView.
Considering that WebRTC was the technology behind the group call, it works through the native browser of
Android smartphone, hence, an updated WebView is required in order for the group call to work efficiently.

E. Conclusion

The . . from hardware network testing down to

softw proJect were subjected to different kinds of teS t ranging d d that the optimal range or
are te t' . 'd
I titled an prove
distan s Ing. According to the test results, it has been en . ct'ion utilizing Mikrotik routers
ce betw bl signal mterconne
for th een the two access points that generates sta e h t the users can connect to the
estab1:h::sh_ technology is Fifty (SO) meters; the optimal hotspot range t a
wireless mesh network is Thirty (30) meters. A
ihe E - . . . from opening the E-Connect PP
·conn • f the v1ct1ms, 1.e.
to re .
ce,ving a
ect app for the victims' complete transaction °
conds which was goo
d since it is less than a
reply from the command center only took 28 se .
28 I P ag e
 fmersen CV Communication System using Wireless Mesh Technology with Mobile Application
CHAPTER 4
,nlnute. E-connect App for rescuers were able to establish group calls among them at 5.76 seconds and the calls
were qu lte crisps and clear and won't encounter voice echoing issues as long as the rescuers have a distance
,nore tha n 1 meter from each other. Android Web view was the reason behind of failure to establish calls in the
rescuers' app.

29 I Pa g e
ErnergenCV communication System using Wireless Mesh Technology wit. h Mobile
. Application CHAPTERS

A. conclusions

Based on the results of tests conducted, the researchers and deve1opers concluded that it Is possible to

use wireless mesh as an alternative means of communication instead of bemg

. depen dent on the existing
. .
uHFfVHF radio freque ncies. The researchers and developers successfully use and Integrate Mlkrotlk routers I.e.

Hapmini, Haplite and Metal 2shpn as access points which establish a communication link via wireless mesh
network technology with wireless distribution system (WDS) at an optimal range of 50 meters. The users/clients

have a stable connection to the access points at an excellent range of 30 meters.

The command center serves as the core of the rescue operations. This host all the essential equipment

responsible for the overall communication system such as the Web portal, developed using HTML, CSS,
JavaScript, PHP and MySQL, wherein help request coming from the victims were received and notify the rescue

team about the status and needs of the victims.

Cordova hybrid platform and Android Java were both used and integrated In the system for the

development of the mobile application. Through Cordova hybrid platform, the mobile application for rescuers
were able to establish group call and chat functionality within the same network. Using Android Java, supports
on older android versions such as Jelly Bean, Kitkat, and Lollipop enables the users to use the mobile application
during disaster. The users can communicate to the command center through the chat functionality of the mobile
application, thus, emergency rescue operations became more efficient. Although, the early development of the
mobile application encountered technical issues, this was resolved by using the updated version of the Android

Webview.

B. Reco mmendations

Upon the end of design, testing, and implementation, we recommend the following functionalities for

future integration of both hardware and software:

1. Software
• The user can communicate directly to the rescue app through VoIP.
• The admin can receive notification about incoming messages from the user's

application.
• The rescuer can have a list of other active users in the rescue application.

30 I Page

I,
,nergenCV communication Sy~te':1 using Wireless ~esh Technology with Mobile Application I CHA Pff R 5
E • Optimized web rte audio codec and try to implement video conferencing for both user
and rescue applications.

• Both user, admin and rescue app include typing status.

• Develop the existing android software with other mobile platform such as 10S, etc.

2. Hardware

• The hardware case should be shockproof and waterproof.

• Use dual chain or MIMO access points for better bandwidth speed of the network.
• Customized materials used for the whole hardware system .

• Use separate access points for backhaul linking and client hotspots .

• Drones can also be used for surveillance of the affected area. Drones can be connected
to the network and also use webrtc to transmit video stream.

• Future products based on Internet of Things should integrate the emergency

I
communication system in order to improve the existing systems and have a better I
disaster preparedness.

,j

31 I Pa g e

.J
 Emergency Communication Syst .
em usmgw· 1
ire ess Mesh Tech .
nology with Mobile Application

References

R. Austin, P. Bull, and S. Buttery, "Raspberry p· 8

• ased Scalable Soft
Disaster Relief Communication" Sch ware Defined Network Infrastructure for
' oo I of Computing and Di it I
v. Menon, J.P. Pathrose, and J. Priya, "Ensuring Rer b g a Technology, Birmingham, UK.
ia le Communication in o· st
Reliable Routing Technique" Coimbato • isa er Recovery Operations with
, re, 1nd1a Vol 201
' · 6, January 2016
A. Weinert, H. Hu, C. Spenksy, and B. Bullough, "Usin O _ ·
g pen source Hardware to s •
Communications" MIT Lincoln Lab L . upport Disadvantaged
' · exrngton: 2015.
s. Arimura, N. Uchida and.Y. Shibata, "Self-Power Supplied M· .
, . . icro Wireless Ballooned Network for Disaster
Recovery', Saitama Institute, Tech. Japan: 2013.

o.B. Arbia, M.M. Alam, A. Kadri, E.B. Hamida, and R. Attia, "Enhance d loT-Based End-To-End Emergency and
Disaster Relief System", J. Sens. Actuator Netw. 2017.

K. Mase, "How to deliver your message from/to a disaster area", IEEE communrcatlons
. Magazine: 2011.
A.8. Nguyen, F. Englert, S. Farr, C. Gottron, D. Bohnstedt, and R· Ste·inmetz, "H ybri•d communrcatron
. .
Architecture for Emergency Response -An Implementation in Firefighters Use case", Hessen,
Germany: March 2015.

Dr. N. Rajkummar, Ms. Malarvizhi and Dr. V. Kumar, "Smart Way of Communication for Disaster Recovery",
Anna University, Regional Campus, and Coimbatore: January 2015.

H. Lin, E. Schoenmackers, and R. Nichimura, "A Wi-Fi Public Address System for Disaster Management",

unpublished.
[Fox13J Fox, Zoe. Virginia Tech Shooting Survivor Launches Campus Safety App, Mashable. April 20, 2013,

http://mashable.com/2013/04/20/livesafe

Stranded hurricane survivors use Zelle app to get help,

http://money.cnn.com/2017/08/28/technology/volunteers-harvey-rescue-apps/index.html

R. Matos, S. Sargento, K.A. Hummel, A. Hess, K. Tutschku and H. de Meer, "Context-based Wireless Mesh
3 2013
Networks: A Case for Network Virtualization", Telecommunication SystemS, Vol. 52, Number • ·

Point to Point Wireless Network- How It Works, http://wifinotes.com/point-to-point-wireless.html

Dr. S. Chatta, "Wireless Mesh Network Architecture and Applications"·

[WEASJ Wireless Emergency Alerts System, https://www.ready.gov/alerts

IG00g1eJ G /h erespond.html
oogle Inc., https//www.google.org/crisisresponse oww .
AWirele net are down, unpublished.
ss Communication System That Works When Cellphones, Inter
B. Murray "l'i
1
[G ' e 360 Family Safety", 2013.
oogle] G /h 0 wwerespond.html
OOgle Inc., https//www.google.org/crisisresponse

iii IP age