Freud's Theor A Paper read by M. D. Eder, Before the Psycho-Medical 5 London, July 4th, 1912.Freud’s Theory of Dreams. BY M. D. EDER. ———— ‘Mn. PRESIDENT, TLaptes ax GENTLEMEN; ‘Thowgh little has been presented in his seuntry on peyeo-anayaie mach of that tle is AN without value. Those ‘with but slight ‘knowledge of the ptbout TEINS geet hand acquaintance with, the Pee hoary nd mnt wah er enim; many PS Dawe bern pry tt aay have ral dew fae 0 anions £0 FFI ge ho unsavoury dit that cy no, Sp to ek an understanding of ens wants Ws Zame ater than to offer anal esis gga is. school regant the Tnterprtslon, of Drostgy Hh erown of his works 18 His aes Toy Dreams? a don to pavoholoes, and, 10 Deyehonr able, conti master tis, engage one, hat Fealy 79 Unlen pretend to an sderstanding of Pre Frees cin, x nee, 02 iy goin Ber eee, aaiyatveud replies by understandings Oy Necome an ans Fa gant amber of the Zentraliay tre diene aiyacteiving some, pratcal HESRONS 1 the Feychoann a eaten, Freud wnt — Yen vod pysician oy Mguery how could one Begone &, ett To a sone oma oT eT ye By, analysing ove for many Peeons but pot fr Ae i Moreover all persons do not succeed iteide help in. interpreting their own accede more of the many, servis ot Mirich school that re ie this consideration, more vise, e3 1a ‘that whoever wishes to Phe Whoover's serious int en geet a ee ae ar not ony a ine bec, Touring to know what is, cones Bethe primary bere realised in a fat shorter {ime and ot Fee er axponse, bk one Will gain impmensions bs emotions sige ov person that it were a, vain Te tiain by tho study of books and Yockures.” DieTraumdestong, by Prof Sigmund Freud 374 edition. tabla far Payehoanalyse, 1912, No 9 sr atton iy De Bug wl be published in the Astume Ty Guonoe Aut & SONS‘ saya that all hose who aro to-day acknowlged 93 mol 28, at ton havo eobmatied themselves tins dsefptine Profesor Fre fervent of stile ferme inner if of nant sa with a fnnenes wnaanal inthe most ch ate toy nagar me. of ik i epiion, ets (all yersonal inner Ie Siam) t9-deny aha mis of BS ameonscions 10th com his compettors, and sa fronds eho ih oman. Nuala Bren mening 0 pane rove the etal faye one Bs en be are ta tangas wl Nt cn mont if nor quotes, very payenologe ma manasa eee nea tory throw Hebe POM se nd seo Tight to an tronic ita Pron syne, reed, Te degen none ny nto unconseone sf hat dv seithin us al ssn ies at once the, object and the meritin ee sonra Gree for it is dosing sleep fT may fe areal oon, Ghat you catah tho wnconscious SV ile for me this evening to deal with Freud’s a gn order to make what The regards the conscious Tt is impossibl coneotion ofthe uneaneions follows cleat, I must just state that tevonly portion. of the paychical conten ‘another portion de to, what, ho terms the proconsustts and_ the eorerinder forms the unconseious. The ‘paychical stuff of romaindes Te unaware at any given moment, Bot ‘which ean which we or provoked. without any atiendans foie be evoked. qhe preconecious ; the wneonssions, thes deeply emotions ot of our psycho, can only be produced buried Pefal circumstances and we never Dechy of under FPee emotional reastion. | Buby and “here Ties the it witMfonding of the neuroses, the anconssions stands in Uae relationship to conscious phenomens ail sya we want to know tho springs of our conducs ye tho pokecions that we must lay bare; Shows: Se Son be the uneonoree way itis most roadily disclosed, ¢%8 our done in eve mag, without exaggeration, tale of the raling ‘passion strong in dream: Hero wo reecive, perhaps, the first and radest shook arena eivers~ dreams havo o meaning. The ‘rath ia that Frofor is more with the soothsayers, the magicians ° Die Traumdeutine, P76 5 superstitions, the common people than with the leamed, for Som the. dream is, as Binz said, “a physical process always useless, frequently morbid.” When onco we have surmounted this rude shock, when once we recognize that dreams have a meaning and a meaning to be interpreted, I do not, think that ehere is Anything elso in Froud's theory which is Wikely to play, the aaho havoc with our proconceptions, though there will be, fand should be, much to give us pause. Vor the analysis of dreams the same method is employed which served Freud in his early investigations of the Monroses ; the dreamer is required to give his free associn« fions, As tho dream is the composite of @ large number of pavehical images it is nearly always necessary to break it up Pep fragments and fo obtain the associations to cach part atthe dream. It will be often fond in practice unnecessary fh deal in such detail with every such fragment ; since parts bfthe dream, like history, repeat themselves. ‘The psychical Clements which are at. work in the dream transpose them- fhives in endless varieties and thus a few associations may five the key to the dream as a whole. ‘This transposition of the psychical elements, the dream symbolism, is the chief difficulty which confronts, the fnalyst in dreams. There ean be no unravelling of this Gluaive symbolism unless we constantly keep in mind that fhe dream which one remembers on awakening is but the superstructure; itis formed Froud says by the manifest dream fers; the ideas that have gone to the building up of the Greamh—thoeo which analysis should disclose Froud calls the Tatent dea ideas. peal import he, Sem er a ee aS ie organ Te our friends alone know. aieof the dream ‘how two dreams estate enor fel of Feral to intelligibility as Freud calls it. Tn, foe fRems no such attempt is made; the droam, #6 utterly dea no eh, at, ame the on Kinisago fant for he ntspe gre, The moro of Jose sensible mph vai 8 te oer re re ff nes gad id wo dream mia of cous PO te nent et Sag not always ess poses ° on eo ot to dal uly tix ovening withthe vd sigan Yee cuportetecgaeot the Oats he fnarntain of intend someting oot siete Dede denis sn aly, oe a inh fst stance a mastery ying Froud's great work “ Die Traumdentung” cy Suing pears teatro tho anes of aes dane Ra pregmation tt wa ser eine ade eb eee emphasing ply wills Hts extraordinarily easy 10 60 sumpasingy Sih inno reli : qe Fesponsible work Hee cognition of character sh i hi ‘ inguitive respon attban to athore. In conscits Tife so even toma en her eile am a woman who tind Rover rather remnzkah Gua with th facts of life frankly and wi feared to fae 0 enna woman a whom i 28006 courage aoe onttaiod a very complete se-koov edge. ‘rhe dam, Twas taking tea with my cousin (0188) en ita iy ehiaiood, Tsaid I would go upstairs to in tho hots of fet aoe him. Ashe opencd the dooe he al ye ei potorap ofa piste by Titan, He sa “Tt is really too small; you get no detail; cannot you get & (eis a FP roped “ou ea, but they a0 Yay Tanger Dholograp re ant onthe staircase he suid, cpening da? T yen Ubi hore is my wite coming” Shs camein Aho Ent do hid in a perarnbulator, Twas amaze wheoling her ag uho child up the Vietorian stone. step at ea cit 1 found the room im nter disor Going in to my ceivet afternoon a bright fire was DU ater the rom of Sige younger child jumped up say ony the hearted a splendid time with these pillows: T asked, “Where is Claude?” He replied, Look for him, he's hiding.” "The big elder boy, with a shrick of laughter, jumpod up quite naked from behind the pillows, T said, 2You must put your things on at onee; i's much too cold to-day.” I put my hand on his shoulder. His face tumed ‘blue and he almost fainted. T put him on the bed aud got him round, then asked,"Eavo you ever felt like this before?” He said, "Yes, iv happens recurrently; it's your cold hand ‘on my Heart.” ‘The dream had as usual made use of some recent materials. The cousin had made the remark sbout the Titian and on the day of the dream the lady had caught sight of a larger copy ina shop, and had then thought it ‘was quite true the larger copy was much better. She had Tong before been engaged to her cousin, and had naturally formerly pictured herself as his wife, Quite recently she had seen her cousin and his wife together, and had then sympathetically considered their relationship which at one time she feared was not a happy one. Although herself long since happily married she retained much affection for her cousin. ‘The dream reveals that there are many elements in the personality, hitherto quite concealed. Her unconscious self has not that maturity and balance of judgment which jher intellectual and conscious life suggests. Many conflicts which had seemed to her merely intellectual thus arose from far deeper sources. If we werd dealing with a neurosis it is, these deeper sources that we would have to explore; upon her whole self the dream casts a brilliant light ‘which suddenly, ina flash, illuminates a whole world hitherto Hinpenotrable, 12 ean if he ‘North Foreland light were suddenly turned on in the gloomy depths of a tropical forest. She is in the home of her cbildhood—that is she is still fachild. ‘The picture is too small, she is too youthful. But S larger one would be very dear, ‘It is very difficult to grow ip she wou be very“ dear wor she to do so, In dream fe this kind of punning is extremely common. Imay say without giving details that the picture clearly stood for elf. “Her husband and others have often commented on Tikeness to the picture. ‘The problem before her is of dringmg herself wp fiatly—henee the perambulator—another symbol of is brought upstairsthe attempt only partially successful. ‘The child faints—she turns away at the cold disclosures, as the cold hand is laid on the heart—on the root of the matter. fs = | saho ident here vith her cousin's wife eon tes ide an orlt—another reference o het woman muh young Scions, Aga there 18 et inmate runs ai ea dring ap the mmaripalator; sie is amazed that the child (hersel) cane era ee oe to ana mol In this dream many of the dream processes are again very clearly illustrated. Perhaps it is not without significance that the dreamer is a strong visualist; her thoughts are always represented very concrotely. Condensation is shown by the way in which the picture contains several references to herself. Displacement by the symbolic use of the peram- Dulator, the cousin's wifo, the children. Dramatisation by the way the numerous thoughts are cleverly illustrated by scones fhe nude child, the steps, the perambulator, the child fainting. The over-determination of the dream is seen in that co largo a number of incidents are used to light up the ‘one contral problem—that of the dreamer's immaturity. age of he Men from her as the Tact of Ber own : fron, This gl eon from berg her, “te jumps UP ‘The fullest analysis of a single dream is that given by rocking, eons vf dalgence which saved a8 hhave not yet touched upon, I will give an abstract of Rank's c maior analysis, Sonata aver roguated life. * You do enjoy it . compensation on et omover responsible you are Nee eae cence he rear een Jo. ae wedyas arcamer has al the ternble trathfelness of who begged Rank, halfin jest to exercise his art of inter- ‘Tho weenie dream gives each of Ut an enfant erble to Prtation upon her beautiful dream, "I was ina royal castle ‘blurt out unpleasant home truths. agnursomaid. The Queen, an ‘old woman, who wore @ : shim to get clothed. Ghfnese dross with a long’ train was about to go away. T ‘The child is nude and she tells him to get clothed Feed esionve the child to say good-bye to her.” 1 onght to dhood had been recently hare prostrated myself on the floor, but did nob wish to IAt Bast sho hnd_read the Mhen!ahe hit me in the fuce with a Bich. J thon lny quite ‘The problem of nudity in chi much debated by the dreamer. EO cation and Nakednoss” in Havelock Goon touching the ground with my nose, I thought. to Shape oS ES elation a Society? with, uel, Inyeelf; “That's a Ane place I've got ! Then sho hit me and ee an est. Later, however, it rather seemed to a me. Beet aba. gave a her ea which I kissed. The fempatiele inte a Seay was a diasd, ex ee raat rain Wi sastuct aoltore Br that this py tn ao ropony to ah carly stage Hise room whore entrance was otherwise forbidden. Twas Teast, On A hued noticed that, those who delight ory astonished as I came in to find that T was not of sexual tivate extravagantly fo ally. treated as it was an honour for me to see the Shersin, and to some extent alll who newhat_ebildlike fom. ‘The maid told mo that thore wore birds he fnd suddenly I saw a beautiful bird fly in who lay m beside ine, Te had a long tail and eame proudly and ily like a wagtail ; its colour was lilae like tho room. T aw green trees Like oleanders in blue. vases at onc auc fo the Toon and the sun shone,” Meanwhile the : ¢ the child clothed—to clothe her own tal slim man,had taken his farewell of the Queen She, wants the ch aa aged in. uprooting had also to visit. the room ; the Queen told him he must her nev a fill Lleft. He wanted to come in but the maid said in life in general, do betray a ho simple i goo not well ait ogee, Can i be type of ming grgunnont to dren that thes are pioiive inate not altogether suitable to a grown-up ‘world ; that they ways pine domands ofa civilized lite? mamatarity iguana prog Is nol 4 ito disconcerting, and4 es teeta seins sho must fie a Mina then the queen showed mo & Hau Fl ot tt Ft HE te ce ae gl Waning seal ive ert ae Sau Taree! i ng 2 aml oN oar oom pie Pa Wee ene a ed syel ant ey he eae han an ahr a8 NI, He room erat Th et Be an edhe sein oe eto ut Ka at he was al sg orn SHO ng te fa Bee ce estat atl go nacbnow Ba pak oe gan cer nl ener hom hoe gna 7 ee eae AE th dime of hee dream sho was ott of a lace and was eagerly looking for one. ‘She naturally a plage igo! place” in. a first-rate house (royal palace) ieee alles) cul re reece (ol ean a Bo i) a "Hada ene See a po ec nei anne Ferenc i dig Se Seo Finn es hn no a erie aida pn rl ne ese ss ti fp me oer e bottrine dream gives her this also, The king is young Gnd handsome. ‘The master of the house has a wife far Ae and for him and so the way is prepared for marriage —it NS casera ; Fe pmary m0 2s an ei seeing cre Se htt gs penton rpene aerated ne Kg sear ten nay ere See orci. qn (neha a Rib sen gan het a ac Team fl eibedeaa te am 4s tho typical relationship betwoon a loving fathor and the tenderness he has for his little daughter. The incost- phantasy whieh Froud has shown to be at the roat of all the neuroses determines also, quite normally, the erotic and social relationship of human beings in afterlife. ‘The choice of her royal milion arose from her infantile conceptions’; ‘again, the scene whore she is beaten is a scene devived from hor childhood. Again, she surprises her father at his toilet, fas she has often done in childhood ; although the characters are duplicated. He is not only her father, Dut represents also some of the servants in the house har he has been composite ports arw'eommen in This at first puzzling to understand why the mother should beat the child and then allow her to go in a forbidden room 5 decided contradiction to actuality, ‘we may sce if an explanation is not afforded by inverting the order of events ; “I went into a forbidden Yoom and. was punished by my mother whose pardon T then beazed.” Here wwe get an everyday scene of childhood. In the dream she is punished before the queen (her mother) goes away. But we know from her history that in reality, it was the dreamer who left home in order to get away ‘fom the strict guardianship of her mother, Tnverting the dream, we realise that she would have preferred her mother to leave the house. There. is good reason for believing that this is but the repetition of @ wish that was frequent to the child in early days. Tt turns up now becanse the dreamer is again in the world looking for a situation—the journey-complex: still pursues her. This inversion in the dream is an instance of a common experience to which Froud calls attention. “If it hhad only been the other way round “is often’ the way in which we would most have liked something to have happened." Tn this case the thoughts ran: If mother had died instead of father, I should not be obliged to go out. as amuse, but should have been long ago happily married, i.e. with the father (the king),here is the infantile marriage Phantasy. Wo see the desire that only the mother (queen) should eave and not the father in the exclamation "What fre going away.” This is a typical instance of a father mother complex. The sexual intent of the dream is yet seen in the character of the forbidden room; Rank elsewhere in the article that the Chinese Lilac room isa in a brothel, Rank then goes on with a second part of6 the dream, Seis too long to give with its analysis het ut the the ysis shows the beating iy a masochistic tendeney ; that analysis movmoreaver sadistic elements in bet nature, tere se also. identifies herself with Nor mother, the for abe cab io. the beating—ahe, st once te daughter octive eeother, Rank in this very Jone ‘analysis of and team —it rans to 76 pages of the Jabebuch — one aa ihat genorally “tho dream presente 06 realized actual states that gions ina copecaled und symbolic form ‘based erotic And by. the aid of matter derived. rom the ebildish tpn fife that las been repressed.” | For hi to ‘dveam has gexual ie Hedy analysed until chase ropressod thoughts have bee OE life, ‘There aro thors, howorer, who do not ton er if alwways, necessary to penetrate in on ry ease to consideNapeat Inyers.. Though no ease of Hewat will be these aepaed until these hidden roots have Ree nid bare, it ever am yays requisite to deal with thew, AX form, of the is not diame T have related to-night do shew, there are other fate dificalties with which we may be strigaling, for imino aton the analysis ofa dream may be invoked, jf of Jung's statement that Rank’s article isa farther pro the Innosses. of the neuroties are due to the sare complexes tho ines ue healthy have to fight, and ns Freud £93 “one Tithe most valuable of our psyeho-analy ie ‘investigations is of the miedge that the neuroses have bo epesia) ‘payebieal te oven to themselves. ‘The newrotice 0° "people content fies, not sharply to be differentiated. fren normal ersons, not easily to be separated 1m ‘childhood from those pereOnt, Det je romain normal”; a statement wTicd Twould who afte those. who rate about, degenerates take to tople ean have their dreams Toart—though 1 fear until such pe hoa ged_ by. Froud or Jung oF another, there ‘will be no. cessation to their cackling. iAs mother instance ofthe dream eymboliem, Ti) take an caine of figures in dreams from Freud.) ‘Shortly a end of ier cure a dy dreamt she, wel to pay defor gs her daughter takes 3 f 65k. owt of, et purse; some Esfghat are you doing ? it only costs, Sh ix" The Tady was a stranger v1 continaed ‘the school. {herewith would ond the cure, tMatress had asked her whet chil another year: wip sehool terin was to end in three week m + teaumdeutung, PAR? 275 Joa lett her daughter in Vienna and strand co long ns her daughter remained ‘The day before the heat nee sh’ would not, leave the Trang were to do so, she would be able s ecm ern oth nei wt tho yc na pet fy wat te endo a as ie a the foe Bh aya Hr points on that the lings of ‘he Se apa hae CoN Teal cea eae eerie eee ‘cular woman revealed in analysis as as omplex—tuat is io esy on infontilo 1 Scone ‘There is the whole psychology ing of dreames the eat otic ce tales aed dreams, and a great deal more of the Beare Thee oe Bite ee dos cn Phas daa very impefocly Tiaowy with a few sclected propositions. aaa What it was atleast my hope to br ve What iw Beer ee tet ea iy get vi et tha the ‘pale ofthe eam a arcu eons meine iain at He wicondcoe~-atuhi interesting everyday ie ut aloluelyessontial in any treater Besar “ya hte Renta Aer nyo botorcomo hy mh diligent say That pilestan ch feo and praca dy paca Hefneone ta hoeta be susan thes tanh of ce anol fom the capin who ota moder ship However faulty Hover fnity my exposition hw hein, T hope i Bhi iofonnie tidy hi country f to pete mths asin an daring ‘ong thos lve nto the nn. Tig only (eo probable scious, that this bret paper has given but little iden Wz importance of the subject. From they now say that no impar parely medical standpoint Twill om parely etyat mast admit the immense VAN of this metho tit etigation in dealing with the neve Froud, Jung ion in despot any Tonger be questioned have other and thei angecoded in treating eases total Jmown methods. But that is vital aspect of gly unamenable to any indeed the most only one aspect and not i We have hero ‘a much larger question. aspect of yo functioning of, tho sind, of oe his the wioieating. There isno man but Da ai one whole Mother in life, been haunted hy those “obstinate Seedafoninga,” ‘blind ralagivings Df aw creature © moving quostionier as not realised,” none who tes ‘at Teast in about vor deep areas and spiricual eonihey ‘been conscious momorgned depths he cannot, plu Here at last we of unsoa dm as it woro a plummet and wi ve may take seem ings into that mysterious get, he ‘human soul, in its past workings, in at mysterayths. in _pootry, in religion, fe Perea ohove all in the wind Of Top ourselves, our srt, os we live to-day in tho feos of the mysterious brothers, Sylare aurely on the threshold ‘of discoveries in Present chic, region comparable with the rift of new worlds: BF Rowe who have eiudied, Freud's ‘works, who have By g measure of their own trap eal darkness radiantly fome meagiy shall goem guilty of no extravagance when, say: sen felt ike some watcher of the skies When be soPaeetns into his KEN 5 When A Pont Cortes wien with eaale e¥Ct Fre stared at the ee The and all his me. He stared Zach other in a wild surmise” ‘The BIBLIOGRAPHY. reader of German will find the material in the sac fr cheng ond Peeples Fovehangs (Dati Cnn) Zana as Poe, goals (enn, een mage oe are io he Titeratur Brill, A ein English. A. Dreams and their celation to the Ni Nie Peet iedt ourals Apr Ferenczi, 8.: The Psychological Analysis of Dreams: The Jones, E ‘American Journal of Insanity, January, 1910. est: Froud's Dream Theory: Ameri See bee os (On the Nightmare: American jester ere Journal of Insanity, Freud's Theory of Dreams. Amer Psychology, April, r910. " ee ‘The Relationship between Dreams an Se ae ye aa mgt sanity, July, 1911. " Some instances. of the Inf ‘Waking Life: The Journal Snes alg i the Jura of Abnormal Po Remarks on Dr, Morton Prince’ Meshant apd Imereti of poe ea 1915, p. 328. ial Psychology, Feb.-March, A. Forgotten Dream + Jour Hee a a chology, al Scenic Methods, Oct 2,191Prince, Morton: ‘The Mi Dreams : Journ P. 139: Criticisms, detailed critical by Dr. Paychoanalytise shungea, Ul Band, rst part, B. 3 nce with Freud’s Ps Putnam, J. J, : Personal Exper iyticwor : Journal of Nervous and Mental Abnormal | portal Brill, Hart, Bernard : The F Journal ¢ Bp. A244 vb-conscious, espec ‘The Conception normal Psychol 360; Journal March, 190 Freud's Conception y Bulletin, A Patnam, J. J his Work Dec., 1909-J2 . 372, 657