Part Arthur It. Tambong, FPSAE Engineering Board Examination— ~~ -inthe’PhilippinesABE Board Exam Reviewer Part II Copyright © 2022 by Arthur It. Tambong, FPSAE All Rights Reserved. GENERAL COVERAGE Soil and Water Resources Development and Conservation, Irrigation and Drainage, and Allied Subjects SPECIFIC COVERAGE BASED ON PRC TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS 1. Hydrology (10%) — Page 3 IL Irrigation and Drainage Engineering (45%) — Page 8 Soil and Water Conservation Engineering (30%) — Page 20 IV. Mathematics, Agricultural Statistics and Operations Research (10%) — Page 28 'Y. Agricultural and Fishery Sciences (5%) - Page 32 ESTIMATED COMPOSITION OF EXAMINATION QUESTIONS BY DEGREE OF DIFFICULTY Easy - 40% Moderate — 30% Difficult -30%BOARD REVIEW QUESTIONS INSTRUCTIONS: Select the best answer. Shade the corresponding box of your answer in your answer sheet (provided during the exam). Give only one answer for each question. Do not make any unnecessary marking in your answer sheet. I. Hydrology (10%) Easy Questions 1. Area which contributes runoff or drains water into the reservoir (AMTEC, 2016 - PAES 609:2016). iver basin B. Runoff reservoir _C, Watershed D. Drainage divide 2. A thermometer that has a constriction above the bulb that permits the mercury to rise in the capillary tube but does not allow it to descend the capillary tube unless the thermometer is reset (PAGASA, 2022). A. Minimum thermometer B. Maximum thermometer C. Air thermometer D. Constrithermometer Answer: B 3. The science that encompasses the occurrence, distribution, movement and properties of the waters of the earth and their relationship with the environment (USGS, 2022). A. Meteorology B. Hydrometeorology C. Hydrology D. Limnology Answer: C 4, The study of the biological, chemical, and physical features of lakes and other bodies of fresh water (Oxford Languages, 2022). A. Meteorology B. Hydrology C. Hydrometeorology D. LimnologyAnswer: D 5. A branch of meteorology and hydrology that studies the transfer of water and energy between the land surface and the lower atmosphere (Wikipedia, 2022), A. Meteorology B. Hydrometeorology C. Hydrology D. Limnology Answer: B 6. Heavy rainfall or rain that accumulates at a rate of 3 tenths of an inch (0.3 inch or about 7.5 mm), or more, per hour (US National Weather Service, 2022), A. Storm B. Typhoon C. Torrential rain, Heavy rain Answer: C 7. Dominant form of precipitation in the Philippines. A. Flood B. Rainfall C. Runoff D. Evaporation Answer: B 8, Kind of thermometer with pin inside its tube which does not go with the expanding liquid when temperature increases. A. Maximum thermometer B. Minimum thermometer C. Air thermometer D. Soil thermometer Answer: B 9, Method of areal rainfall determination done by computing the weighted average, A. Averaging method —_B. Polygon Method _C. Arithmetic method D. Isohyetal method Answer: C 10. An instrument to measure depth of rainfall A. Rainfall dip stick _B. Rain gage C. Bucket D. Rainfall meter Answer: B11. Part of rainfall which runs off the soil as surface or subsurface flow. A. Flood B. Runoff C. Percolation D. Infiltration Answer: B 12. Ratio of runoff over rainfall A. Runoff ratio B. Runofffrainfall ratio C. Rainfall ratio D. Runoff coefficient Answer: D 13. The part of rainfall that is stored in the root zone and can be used by the plants (FAO, 2022). ‘This excludes rainfall that does not reach the soil and percolation below the root zone, For grassed soil surface, it is estimated that this rainfall is greater than 0.5 mm/day. A. Atmospheric rainfall B. Effective rainfall C. Precipitation —_D. Torrential rainfall Answer: B 14, The inverse of the probability of exceedance of a certain hydrologic event. A. Hydro probability B. Probability of inceedance C. Retum period D. Event probability, Answer: C 15. Airmass lifting process which is mountain-facilitated. A. Natural B. Convective C. Mountain lifting D. Orographic Answer: D 16, Airmass lifting process facilitated by sunlight or heating, A. Natural B. Convective ". Mountain lifting D. Orographic Answer: B 17. Indicates to what depth liquid precipitation would cover a horizontal surface in an observation period if nothing could drain, evaporate or percolate from this surface (Graf-Water, 2022).A. Precipitation B. Precipitation depth C. Rainfall depth D. Water depth Answer: B Moderate Questions 18, The precipitation depth that corresponds to a liquid quantity of | liter falling into a 1 square meter of ground area, A.0.5mm B.1mm c.2mm D.2.5mm Answer: B ‘Solution. Precipitation = (1 liter x 1,000,000 mm*/liter) / (1 m? x 1,000,000 mm?/m?) =1mm 19, Probability of occurrence in any year of hydrologic event recurring once in 4 years. A. 40% B. 25% C. 20% D. 50% Answer: B Solution: Probability = (1/Return Period) x 100% = (1/4) x 100% = 25% 20. What is the probability of occurrence in any year ofa hydrologic event recurring every year? A. 100% B. 10% C.20% D. 50% Answer: A Solution: Probability ~ (1/Return Period) x 100 ~ (1/1) x 100% ~ 100%Difficult Questions 21, Rainfall depths recorded were as follows: 8mm and 2mm for 8:00 A.M. and 2:00 P.M., respectively on 7-7-2022 and 5 mm and 9 mm for 8:00 A.M. and 2:00 P.M., respectively on 7-8-2022. What is the total rainfall depth on 7-7-2022? A.Smm B.2mm C.7mm D.9mm Answer: C Solution: The rainfall recorded at 8:00 AM of any day is counted as part of the total rainfall for the previous day, Rainfall on 7-7-2022 = Rainfall at 2:00 P.M. on 7-7-2022 + Rainfall at 8:00 A.M. on 7-8-2022 =2mm+Smm =7mm 2. The agrometcorological station uses electronic rain gage. The rainfall depths were recorded on June 1, 2022 as follows: 2 mm from 6:00 to 8:00 A.M., 7 mm from 8:00 to 10:00 A.M., 9 mm from 12:00 noon to 2:00 P.M. and zero rainfall for all other times of the day and the previous day. What is the rainfall intensity recorded on June 1, 2022? A.0.75 mnvbr B. 2 mm/hr C.4.mnv/hr D.3 mmv/hr Answer: C Solution: Intensity = Depth/Time, time is from 8:00 AM of current day to 8:00 AM of the next day = (7mm from 8:00 to 10:00 A.M, + 9mm from 12:00 noon to 2:00 P.M,)/(2hr +2 hr) =4mm/hr 23, Estimate the time of concentration of a certain watershed having a time lag of 1 hour. A. 1.43 hours B. 1.34 hours C. 14.3 hours D. 13.4 hours Answer: A Solution: Using the formula for time of concentration from PAES 609:2016 (AM1 1.0.70 =1hr/ 0.70 = 1.43 hrs TeIL. Irrigation and Drainage Engineering (45%) Easy Questions 1, The maximum permissible water velocity for clay loam canal surface based on PAES 603:2016 (AMTEC, 2016). A. 1.2 m/s B. 1 m/s C.0.9 mis D. 0.80 m/s Answer: D 2. The minimum permissible velocity for water with sediments in lined canals based on PAES- 603:2016 (AMTEC, 2016). A. 12 m/s B. 1 m/s C.0.9 mis D. 0.80 mis Answer: C 3. Application of water in the soil to supply moisture needed for plant growth. A. Flooding B. Sprinkling C. Irrigation D. Diverting Answer: C 4, Loss of water from a channel during transport due to seepage and percolation. ‘A. Channel loss. B. Seepage loss C. Percolation loss, Conveyance loss Answer: D 5, Depth of water flow where the energy content is at minimum hence, no other backwater forces are involved. A. Minimum depth B. Critical depth. Energy depth. Normal depth Answer: B 6. Ratio of the actual crop evapotranspiration to its potential evapotranspiration, A. Crop ratio B. ET ratio C. Crop coefficient. Evaporation ratioAnswer: C 7, Moisture content of the soil when gravitational water has been removed, A. Soil capacity B, Gravitational moisture C. Field capacity D. Specific capacity Answer: C 8, Number of days between irrigation applications. A. Irrigation interval B. Application interval C. Dry interval. Node interval Answer: A 9, Removal of excess water, A. Squeezing B. Run off C. Discharging D. Drainage Answer: D 10, Elevated section of open channel used for crossing natural depressions A. Parshall flume B. Flume C. Siphon D. Elevated channel Answer: B 11, Surveying instrument used for determining land areas in a topographic maps. A. Actometer B. Erometer C. Planimeter D. Lysimeter Answer: C 12. Elevation of water surface in a stream with reference to a certain datum, A Stage B. Surface elevation C. Contour D. Water elevation Answer: A14. 15. 16. 7. 18, Facility for determining water consumptive use of crops in an open field. A. Planimeter B. Lysimeter C. Consumeter D. Crop meter Answer: B Time required to cover an area with one application of water. ‘A. Imrigation interval __B, Imrigation period C. Supply duration _D. Application time Answer: B At optimal emitter spacing, drip emitter spacing is __ of the wetted diameter estimated from field test A. 100% B.90% C.80% D.85% Answer: C Reference crop evapotranspiration is the rate of evapotranspiration from a reference surface which is a hypothetical reference crop with an assumed crop height of 0.2 m and an albedo of (AMTEC, 2016 - PAES 602:2016), A. 023 B.0.25 €.0.30 D.032 Answer: A Manufacturer's coefficient of variation is the measure of the variability of discharge of a random sample of @ given make, model and size of emitter, as provided by the manufacturer and before any field operations or aging has taken place determined through a discharge test of a sample of 50 emitters under a set pressure at__ °C (AMTEC, 2016 - PAES 608:2016 Part B). A. 20 B. 100 ©.50 D.30 Answer: A Which one is the flattest canal side slope? All B.14 C.4:1 D.2:1 Answer: C 10Moderate Questions 19, 20. Determine the side slope angle © with the horizontal plane of an unlined canal with side slope ratio (run: rise) z of 2:1 A. 16.6° B. 26.6° c.45° D. 60° Answer: B Solution: tan Q = rise /run © — =aretan (rise /run) = arctan (1/2) = 26.6° Notes a) In specifying side slope, run is written first, ex. 4:1 means horizontal run is 4. b) In computing angles whether bed slope or side slope, rise is the numerator. ©) Some fluid mechanics and hydraulics books use © symbol for side angle with the vertical plane, not with the horizontal. In this case, subtract that book’s © from 90° to get the angle with the horizontal plane. If the most efficient concrete canal has its side angle © with the horizontal plane equal to 60°, what is the z value of the canal sides or the side’s horizontal run in meters per 1 meter ris This value is commonly used in designing most efficient concrete canals. Since this value is used in computations, write the answer in 3 decimal places. A.0.775 B. 0.757 0.577 D. 1/0577 Answer: C Solution: tanO=1/z tan 60°= 1/7, 1.732= 1/7 z=0577 ulDifficult Questions First, review the criteria and formulas below for open channel design. OPEN CHANNEL DESIGN & CRITERIA DESIGN CRITERIA: EFFICIENT CANAL (For Concrete Only) “Efficient” means maximum discharge for a given volume of reinforced concrete a) Trapezoidal Canal, ©=60° (MOST EFFICIENT among trapezoidal & rectangular) © is the side angle with the horizontal (Note: Fuid Mech. & Hydraulics by Gillesania uses © symbol for side angle w/ vertical) A=1732@ (Note: 1.732 is square root of 3) R=a2 ) Rectangular Canal, 6-90° ¢) Triangular Canal, © = 45° (best angle w/ the horizontal for triangular canals) A-@ DESIGN CRITERIA: BEST HYDRAULIC CROSS-SECTION (or best b-4 proportion) a) Concrete Canals Base b relative to depth d at side angle with the horizontal 6: b=2d tan(@/2) ) Untined Canals (No Concrete) Base b: b=4dtan (2) Top Width t at water surface level: t=b+(2d/tan ®) Total Top Width T at total depth D level: T=b+(@D/tan®) 1221, What is the top width at water surface level of the most efficient concrete open channel if the design depth is 5 meters? The design discharge is 100 m'/s and velocity is 2 mis. A129 m B.9.12m C.129m D.19.2m Answer: C Solution: Hint: Ifthe canal is a trapezoidal concrete and side angle is not given, then it is a Most Efficient Canal (in which @=60° and 2=0.577). Specifying it as most efficient canal is often omitted in the board question. Q=AV 100=A (2) A=50m* tan O=1/z, tan 60°=1/z L732=1/z z=0577 A=bd+ 2d? A-zd’=bd b= (Aza) /d [50 — 0.577(5)7] / 5 =7.12m t=b+(2d/ tan 0) = 7.12 m+ [2(5)/ 1.732] =12.89m Checking 1: A=bd+ 2d? 50 = (7.12)(5) + 0.577(5)° 50=35.6+14.4 50=50 Checking 2: A=d[(t=by2] 5 (12.89+7.12)/2] 50 =5[10] 50=50 22, What is the total top width of the most efficient concrete open channel if design depth is 5 meters? Design discharge is 100 m'/s and velocity is 2 m/s. Use 15% freeboard. 13A129m B.13.8m C.18.3.m D.8.13m Answer: B Solution: Use the Design Criteria: Most Efficient Canal (=60° and z = 0.577) Q=av 100= A (2) A=50m? A=bd+ zd? Auzd?=bd b=(Ard)/d = [50 —0.577(5)7] /5 =7.12m t=b+(2d/tan ) = 7.12 m+ (265) / 1.732] = 12.89 m D= 115d = 1.156) =5.75m T=b+(2D/tan ©) = 7.12 + (265.75) / 1.732] =7.12 +6.64 =13.8m Checking 1: A=bd+ 2d? 50 = (7.12)(5) + 0.57715)? 50 =35.6+14.4 50=50 Checking 2: A=d[(t=by2] 50 =5 [(12.89+7.12)/2] 5023. What is the base of the most efficient trapezoidal concrete open channel if discharge is 100 m/s and velocity is 2 m/s? A.6.14m B.12.8m C.7.21m D.14.6m Answer: A Solution. Use the same approach as the previous problem but find the canal base. Q-av 100= AQ) A=50m? A= 1.732 50/1.732 = a d=54m Axbd+2d° b=(A-zd?)/d = [50-0.577(5.4)7]/5.4 =6.14m Checking 1: A= bd+ zd? 50 = (6.14)(5.4) + 0.577(5.4P° 50 = 33.2+16.8 50 24, What is the bottom width for the best hydraulic cross-section (best proportion) of concrete open channel if design depth is 5 meters and side slope is 45°? A3m B.4m C5m D.6m Answer: B Solution: Since the conerete canal has a side angle other than 60°, then use the design criteria: Best Hydraulic Cross-Section and use the formula for conerete canals (constant is 2 for concrete canals). b=2dtan (0/2) = 2(5) tan (45/2) =2(5) tan (22.5) =2(5) 041) -41m 1525. What is the bottom width for best hydraulic cross-section of unlined open channel for minimum seepage if design depth is 5 meters and side slope is 45°? A.3.15.m B.4.15m C.8.15 m D. 6.15 m Answer: C Solution: Since the canal is unlined or not concrete, then use the design criteria: Best Hydraulic Cross- Section and use the formula for unlined canals (constant is 4 for unlined canals). b=4 dtan (2) = 4 (5) tan (22.5) =8.2m 26. What is the bottom width for best hydraulic cross-section of unlined open channel with minimum seepage if design depth is 5 meters and side slope is 2:1? A472m B.7.42m C.247m D.7.24m Answer: A Solution: Compute for the side angle then use the design criteria: Best Hydraulic Cross-Section and then use the formula for unlined canals (constant is 4 for unlined canals). © = aretan (rise /run) = arctan (1/2) = 26.6 b=4dtan (02) = 4 (5) tan (26.6/2) = 4 (5) tan (13.3) = 4 (5) (0.236) 72m 27. Estimate the width and depth of concrete-lined rectangular open channel for water velocity of 2 mis and discharge of 10 m's. A.6.1m,23m B.3.2m, 16m C. 2.5m, 5.0m D.13.6m, 3.1m Answer: B Solution: 1628. It is specified that the concrete canal is rectangular. Hence, Efficient criterion. Use the design criteria: conerete-lined rectangular open channels. camot qualify for Most ficient Canal and then use the formula for Expressing b in terms of d. b=2d Determining A: Solving for b and d: A=bd 5=(2d)d B= 5/2 d=158m b=2(1.58) =3.16m ‘What should be the base and depth of concrete-lined rectangular open channel for a cross- sectional area of 50 m*? Design for efficiency over proportion. Al0m5m B.12m,6m C.25m,5m D.3m,6m Answer: A Solution: From this item until Item 32 in Irrigation and Drainage Engineering, determine what criteria to apply and what formulas to use as part of your practice in board problem analysis. A=28 50-2 d? d=5m b=2d b=2(5) b=10m Checking A=bd 50 = (10(5) 50=50 729, What should be the depth and side angle with the horizontal of concrete-lined triangular open channel for a cross-sectional area of 50 m? AS m, 16.6° B. 6m, 26.6° C.7m, 45° D. 8 m, 60° Answer: C Solution: A=& s0=@ d=7.1m © = 45° for efficient triangular canals, 30. What design depth of open channel would you recommend to carry 100 cumees or eubie meters/sec with a velocity of 5 mps? Use the most efficient of all trapezoidal cross-sections. A. 14m B.2.4m C.3.4m D.13m Answer: C Solution: A=QV = 100/5 = 20m? A=L732 a 20= 1.732 & d=34m 31. If the most efficient of all trapezoidal cross-sections can be used, what actual depth of open channel would you recommend to carry 100 cumecs with a velocity of 5 mps? Use 15% freeboard, A.3.9m B.3.5m C.3.6m D.13m Answer: A Solution. A- QV = 100/5 = 20m? A=1732 a2 20= 1.732 d D=L1Sd 115 3.4) =391m 4m 1832. If an unlined trapezoidal canal with best hydraulic cross-section can be used, what actual depth of open channel would you recommend to carry 10 cumecs with a velocity of | mps? Use 2:1 side slope and 15% freeboard. AL12m B.2.12m C.212m D.2.21m Answer: B Solution: A=QV =10/1 = 10m? © = arctan (tise /run) = arctan (1/2) = 26.565 b= 4d tan (6/2) =0.944d A=bd+zd* 10 = 0.944d + zd* but z= 2 10 = 0.944d + 2d? but z= 2 10 =2.944a? d=1.84m D=LIsd = 1.15 (1.84 m) 12m, Checking: tan (26.565°) = 0.5 b=0.944d = 0.944 (184m) =1.74m t=b+(2d/ tan ©) =1.74+ [20.8 4)/05] =9.11m A=d[(t+ by2] 10 = 1.84 [(9.1141.74)/2] 10=10 19IIL. Soil and Water Conservation Engineering (30%) Easy Questions 1. Slope of the upstream face of the embankment. A. Downstream slope B. Outside slope —_C. Inside slope D. Upstream slope Answer: C 2. Inside bottom or sill of the conduit. A. Invert B. Inside base C. Inside sill D. Bottom sill Answer: A 3. Closed conduit designed to convey canal water in full and under pressure running condition, to convey canal water by gravity under roadways, railways, drainage channels and local depressions. A. Close siphon B. Pressurized conduit C. Siphon D. Inverted siphon Answer: D 4. water requirement is the amount of water required in lowland rice production which includes water losses through evaporation, seepage, percolation and land soaking, A. Land preparation —_B. Irrigation c. D. Field Answer: A 5 ‘water requirement is the amount of water required in lowland rice production which is a function of the initial soil moisture and the physical properties of the soil. ‘A. Land preparation —_B. Irrigation D. Land soaking Answer: D 6. Spacing between irrigation laterals. A. Ditch spacing B. Lateral spacing C. Horizontal spacing D. Irrigation spacing Answer: B 207. Deep percolation of water beyond the root zone of plants, resulting in loss of salts or nutrients. A. Vertical percolation B. Root zone percolation C. Leaching _D. Salt leaching Answer: C 8. Canal with impermeable material (usually concrete) for channel stabilization and/or reduced, seepage. A. Line canal B. Lined canal Unlined canal, Impermeable canal Answer: B 9. Allowable pollutant-loading limit per unit of time, which the wastewater generator is permitted to discharge into any receiving body of water or land. A. Pollutant limit B. Loading limit. Allowable limit D. Wastewater limit Answer: B 10. Portion of the pipe network between the mainline and the laterals. A. Diversion pipe B. Manifold C. Main-lateral pipe D. Reducer Answer: B 11. Spillway which is not excavated such as natural draw, saddle or drainage way. A. Surface spillway B. Flood spillway —_C. Natural spillway. Earth spillway Answer: C 12. Constant flow depth along a longitudinal section of a channel under a uniform flow condition. A. Critical depth B. Constant depth —C. Laminar depth, Normal depth Answer: D 13. Maximum elevation of the water surface which can be attained by the spillway-type dam or reservoir without flow in the spillway. 2A. Normal storage B. Maximum Storage C. Critical elevation D. Design depth Answer: A 14, Maximum elevation of the water surface which can be attained in an open channel without reaching the freeboard. A. Normal storage B. Maximum Storage C. Critical elevation D, Design depth Answer: D 15. In what condition is the open channel freeboard used for water conveyance? A. Maximum flow B, Emergency flow C, Inundation D. Rainy days Answer: C 16. The primary purpose in limiting water flow not to go below minimum velocity. A. Avoid percolation B. Avoid sedimentation C. Avoid critical depth D. Optimize flow Answer: B 17. Open channel flow is water flow that is conveyed in such a manner that top surface is expos the atmosphere such as flow in canals, ditches, drainage channels, culverts, and pipes under flow conditions. A. Fall B, Partially full C. Normal, D. Critical Answer: B 18. Part of the system that impounds the runoff. A. Storage B. Reservoir C. Impounding D. Runoff collector Answer: B 19. Slope at the downstream face of the embankment. A. Outside slope B. Inside slope C. Side slope D. Soil gradient 22Answer: A 20. Ratio between reference evapotranspiration and water loss by evaporation from an open water surface of a pan. A. Pan coefficient B. Evaporation ratio C. Reference pan ratio D. ET ratio Answer: A 21, Rate of water loss by evaporation from an open water surface of a pan. ‘A. Surface evaporation B. Sunken evaporation C. Pan evaporation D. Evaporation loss Answer: C 22. Vertical flow of water below the root zone which is affected by soil structure, texture, bulk density, mineralogy, organic matter content, salt type and concentration, A. Leaching B. Percolation C. Infiltration D. Seepage Answer: B 23. Vertical flow of water to carry salts contained in water. A. Leaching B. Percolation C. Infiltration D. Seepage Answer: A 24, Method to determine the rate of flow under laminar flow conditions through a unit cross sectional area of soil under unit hydraulic gradient. A. Permeability test. B. Laminar test C. Flow test D. Hydraulic test Answer: A hhe process by which the soil is removed from its natural place. A. Soil removal B. Runoff. Soil erosion D, Leaching Answer: C 2326. 21. 28. 29. 32. A kind of terrace which consists of a series of flattened areas. A. Broad-base terrace B. Bench terrace. Conservation terrace D. Rice terrace Answer: B The practice where legumes are plowed or incorporated into the soil, ‘A. Legume incorporation B. Legume manuring C, Green manuring D. Manuring Answer: C Farming practice where plowing and harrowing are done along the contour. A. Contouring B. Stip cropping Crop row aligning D. Contour plowing Answer: A The simplest method of determining soil erosion over a period of time. ‘A. Catchment method —B. Erometer method C. Plumb bob method D. Pin method Answer: D Advanced form of erosion. A. Rill erosion B. Gully erosion CC, Sheet erosion —_D. Advanced erosion Answer: B Dam which resists water flow of water by its weight. A. Resisting dam B. Buttress dam. Gravity dam D. Are dam Answer: C Dam consisting of stones enclosed in cyclone wires which allows water passage. A. Gabion dam B. Stone dam C. Cyclone dam —_D., Interlink dam 24Answer: A 33, Material used to cover the soil to minimize evapotranspiration. A. Plastic B. Mulch C. Leaves D. Soil cover Answer: B 34. Geological formation shaped by the dissolution of a layer or layers of soluble bedrock, usually carbonate rocks such as limestone or dolomite. A. Geological layer __B, Dissolved layer. Soluble layer D. Karst topography Answer: D 35. Scientific name of carabao grass commonly used in vegetated open channels, A. Glerisedia sepium B. Paspalum conjugatum C. Cyperus rotundos D. Leucaena leucocepala Answer: B Moderate Questions 36. Philippine geographical constant for determining terrace vertical interval. AOS B08 co DLS Answer: A 37. Constant for soil erodibility and cover conditions for erodible soil and poor cover. AOS B08 cl DLS Answer: C \imate the peak runoff rate in cubie meters per second from a 20-hectare drainage basin if rainfall depth for 6 hours reached 60 mm. Use typical runoff coefficient of 0.35. AQ B.0.02 C.0.2 D.22 25Answer: C Solution: Determining rainfall intensity 7 1=60 mm/6 hrs = 10 mm/hr Determining Peak Runoff Rate, q = 0.0028 CIA = 0.0028 (0.35)(10 mm/hr)(20 has) = 0.2 cubie meters/second 39, Estimate the runoff volume in cubic meters from a 20-hectare drainage basin if rainfall depth for 6 hours reached 60 mm and duration of runoff is about 3 hours. Use typical runoff coefficient of 0.35. A. 1,080 B. 1,800 C. 1,008 D. 8,100 Answer: A Solution. Determining rainfall intensity 7 I= 60 mm/6 hrs = 10 mm/hr Determining Peak Runoff Rate, g 4 = 0.0028CIA = 0.0028 (0.35)(10 mnvhhr)(20 has) = 0.2 cubic meters/second Determining Total Runoff Volume, Q Q= 0.5 x Peak Runoff Rate x Duration =0.5qT = 0.5 (0.2 cu.m/s) (3 hrs x 3600 s/hr) 080 cubic meters 26Difficult Questions 40. A trapezoidal concrete gravity dam has vertical upstream wall. Water depth in the upstream side is 50 meters above the dam base. Freeboard of 15% based on design depth. What is the force of water exerted against dam per meter of dam width at deepest section? A. 1,100 tonnes B.1,150 tonnes ——C.1,200 tonnes. 1,250 tonnes Answer: D Solution. Determining the force of water P exerted against dam per meter of dam width at the deepest section, P P=0.5 x Water density x H? = 0.5 x1 tonne/m? x (50 m)? = 1,250 tonnes 41. A trapezoidal concrete gravity dam has vertical upstream wall. Water depth in the upstream side is 50 meters above the dam base. The base of dam is 78 meters along water flow. What is the uplift force of seepage water below the dam per meter of dam width at deepest section? A. 1,900 tonnes B.1,950 tonnes C.2,000 tonnes. 2,050 tonnes: Answer: B Solution: Uplift = 0.5 x Water density x Depth x Base Uplift = 0.5 x Water density x H x B = 0.5 x 1 tonne/m? x 50m x 78m = 1,950 tonnes 42. A trapezoidal concrete gravity dam has inclined upstream wall. Resisting moment relative to the dam toe is 263,953.2 tonne-meters while overtuming moment is 96,233.3 tonne-meters per meter of dam width at deepest section. What is the safety factor against overturning? Is it safe? A. 0.36, unsafe B. 2.74, safe C. 3. 96, safe D. 5.48, excessively safe Answer: B Solution. Determining the Factor of Safety against Overturning, Fo FSo = RM/OM = 263953.2/96233.3 = 2.74 Since F022, the dam is safe from overturning. 27IV. Mathematics, Agricultural Statistics and Operations Research (10%) Easy Questions 1, Based on PhilMech’s 2011 and 2012 agricultural statistics of Asian countries, the Philippine farm mechanization showed an upswing trend which recorded an average mechanization level of 1.23 hp/ha; rice and corn farms registered the highest level of available farm power at 2.31 hp/ha (Philippine Official Gazette, 2013). For the Philippines to level up with Japan, the leader in Asia, agricultural and biosystems engineers should know Japan’s statistics What was the average level of farm mechanization in Japan as of 2012? A. Thphha B. 8 hp/ha C. 9 hp/ha D. 10 hphha Answer: A 2, Based on the agricultural statistics survey of PhilMech in 2011 and 2012, ___ percent of the total farm power is available for use in production operations while the remaining percentage is used for postharvest operations. A. 60 B.70 C.80 D.90 Answer: B 3. An applied science that is concerned with quantitative decision problems that generally involve the allocation and control of limited resources (IEOR-Columbia, 2022). A. Operations research B. Management ——_C. Control D. Decision making Answer: A 4, You are the project engineer of an ABE company having a project involving 3 constraints, 5 stages and 18 locations. To minimize project duration, which technique will you us A. Dynamic programming B. Linear programming C.PERT/CPM —D. GANTT Charting Answer: C 5. The equivalence of In &*?, 28A.05(y42) B. (e*e¥)2 C.log2xe% ——D. In [(y#z)/2] Answer: A Solution: From the rules on natural logarithm, In e* =x Inc"? = (xty)/2 =0.5(xty) 6. The factorial of 10 less factorial of 9. A. 3,628,800 B. 362,880 C. 3,265,902 D. 3,265,920 Answer: D Solution 10! - 9! = 3,628,800 — 362,880 = 3,265,920 7. In an experiment, the total degrees of freedom increase as increases. A. Level of significance B. Replication D. Error D. Mean square Answer: B 8. In arice yield experiment, pre-experiment data shows varying soil fertility in the field. What experimental design should be used such that the effects of blocking can be determined? A. RCBD B.CRD D. Latin square D. DMRT Answer: A 9. A ranch is composed of 2,500 heads of Holstein-Friesian and 7,500 heads of Brown Swiss cattle. Thirty representative heads are to be selected at random for use in an experiment. What is the probability that a Brown Swiss will be randomly picked up at first selection? A. 25% B. 50% D. 75% D. 100% Answer: C Solution: 29Probability = Number of heads of Brown Swiss / Total Number of Heads x 100% = 7,500 / (2,500+7,500) x 100% = 15% Moderate Questions 10. A single-factor experiment using completely randomized experimental design results to the following statistical values: treatment sum of squares of 2,510.5, error mean square error of 13.4, error degrees of freedom of 12 and total degrees of freedom of 14, How many treatments are involved? AB B.4 D5 D.6 Answer: A Solution: ‘Tr DF = Total DF — Error DF = 14-12 =2 No. of treatments = Tr DF + 1= 241 =3 11. In random sampling for the location of different treatments in the field, the labels for Treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were placed inside a box. Treatment 3 came out in the first pick. What is the probability that you can pick Treatment 1 in the second pick? A. 20% B. 25% D. 33.3% D. 50% Answer: B Solution. Probability = 1/No. of Treatments Left Unpicked = 1/(5-1) = 0.25 = 25% 12. The return period of a flood stage of 5 meters or more is 2 years in a certain location, What is the probability that this event will be reached next year? A.% B. 20% D. 50% D. 75% Answer: C Solution: Probability = 1/ return Period = 4 = 0.5 = 50%Difficult Questions 12. In Analysis of Variance, what is the F value of an experiment having treatment sum of squares of 2,510.5, error mean square error of 13.4, treatment degrees of freedom of 2 and error degrees of freedom of 12? A. 1561 B.15.16 D. 93.86 D. 93.68 Answer: D Solution. ‘Tr MS = TrSS/Tr DF = 2510.5/2 = 1255.25 F = Tr MS/MSE = 1255.25/13.4 = 93.68 13. You need to present a graph of x values vs. y values. The x values are 0, 1, 2, 3,4 and 5. The y values are In 0, In 1, In 2, In 3, In 4 and In 5, respectively. Since In 0 results to a ‘mathematical error, what value will you use for In 0? Use 2 decimal places in your computations. A. 691 B.-4.61 D. Infinity D.691 Answer: B Solution: Since infinity cannot be used for graphing and computation is limited to 2 decimal places, use In 0.01 (closest to In 0) instead of In 0, then In 0.01 =-4.61 14, In a regression equation Y = 2.5 +3X, where X is the flood stage in meters at a certain location and Y is the estimated amount in million Php of damaged crops downstream. If flood stage is 20 meters, what is the estimated amount of damaged crops in million Php? A. 62.5 B. 65.2 D. 26.5 D. 25.6 Answer: A Solution: Y=25+3X =2.5 +3(20) np62.5 millionV. Agricultural and Fishery Sciences (5%) Easy Questions 1. Per Department of Agriculture Administrative Order No. 4, series of 2022, the minimum inorganic fertilizer rates should be __ bags/hectare (3 bags urea plus three bags 14-14-14 or three bags urea plus two bags 16-20-0 and one bag 0-0-60). AS B.6 7 D.8 Answer: B 2. Per BFAR standard, the intensive stocking density of tilapia is __ heads per square meter. A3 B. 4-8 C58 D. 3-5 Answer: C 3. Intensive fish stocking density needs feeds. A. Natural feeds B. Commercial C. Organic feeds D. Plankton Answer: B 4, Tilapia fingerlings daily need feeds equivalent to__% of body weight. AL 2S B. 5-10 C. 10-15 D. 15-30 Answer: C 5. Tilapia feeding frequency. A. Once in 2 days B. Once daily C.2-3 times daily. 3-4 times daily Answer: C 6. A marketable size tilapia weighs ___ grams/head. A. >76 B.>81 C.>86 D.>91Answer: D 7. Tilapia fry daily needs feeds equivalent to___% of body weight. AL 25 B.5-10 C.10-15 D. 15-30 Answer: D Moderate Questions 8, How many mango seedlings are needed to be purchased for 1 hectare area if the planting density is 10 meters by 10 meters? Give 5% allowance in the number of seedlings purchased. A. 100 B. 105 Cc. 150 D. 525 Answer: B Solution: No. of Seedlings = Safety Factor [Area in ha x 10,000 m*/ha / Planting Density in m x m] = 1.05 [1 ha x 10,000 m*/ha / (10 m x 10 m)} = 105 seedlings/hectare 9, If the recommended rate of nitrogen is 90 kg/hectare, how many kilograms of urea fertilizer are to be applied per hectare using 46-0-0 urea fertilizer alone? A. 195 B.196 C. 198 D.200 Answer: B Solution: ‘Computation procedure: To determine the fertilizer rate for a particular nutrient, multiply the rate of the desired nutrient by 100 and divide by the percentage of the mutrient in the fertilizer (Manitoba Soil Fertility Guide, 2022). Fertilizer rate = (Rate of Desired Nutrient x 100) / Percentage of the Nutrient in the Fertilizer = (90 kg/ha x 100) / 46 = 195.65 kg/ha10. Based on the experimental field’s soil analysis, the recommended fertilization rate for POs is 45 kg/ha. What should be the fertilization application rate of P:Os in kilograms/hectare if using 0-2-0 fertilizer alone? A. 200 B, 202 C.205 D. 207 Answer: C Solution: Fertilizer rate ~ (Rate of Desired Nutrient x 100) / % of the Nutrient in the Fertilizer = (45 kg/ha x 100) / 22 = 204.5 kg/ha 11. Based on the farm’s soil analysis, the recommended fertilization rate for K20 is 16.8 kg/ha. What should be the weight per unit arca in kilograms/hectare of K;O to be applied if using 0-0-60 fertilizer alone? A. 28 B. 82 C.28 D.82 Answer: A Solution: Fertilizer rate = (Rate of Desired Nutrient x 100) / % of the Nutrient in the Fertilizer = (16.8 kg/ha x 100) / 60 =28 kg/haDifficult Questions 12, If the recommended rate of nitrogen is 90 ky/hectare, how many bags of ur needed per hectare using 46-0-0 urea containing 50 kilograms per bag? AB B4 C5 D.6 Answer: B Solution: ‘Computation procedure: To obtain the number of bags of fertilizer, divide the fertilizer requirement in kg/hectare by the number of kilograms contained per bag, then round up (not, round off) to the nearest integer. Fertilizer rate = (Rate of Desired Nutrient x 100) / % of the Nutrient in the Fertilizer = (90 kg/ha x 100) /46 = 195.65 kg/ha Fertilizer Requirement in kg/hectare / No, of Kilograms Contained per Bag 195.56 kg/ha / 50 kg/bag = 3.91 bags/ha, round up to 4 bags/ha 13. If tilapia stocking relies only on natural food source, how many tilapia fingerlings should be stocked in each of 50 experimental cages, each cage has a diameter of | meter and depth of 1 ‘meter? Mortality safety factor is 7% for small cages. A2 B3 C4 D.S Answer: B Solution: Tilapia extensive stocking density (relies only on natural food source): 3 heads/m? Area of cage = 3.14 (1 m)"/4 = 0.785 m? Stocks = Density x Area x (1+ safety factor in ratio) = 3 x 0.785 x (1.07) = 3 heads/eage REFERENCES: Varied AMTEC Publications on AE Standards - PAES 601:2016 to PARS 615:2016 BFAR-CAR Reading Guide for Tilapia, Latest Edition Varied Statistics Books Used in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering Varied Math Books Used in Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering ABE-Related Online Learning Materials (Sources Indicated in the Review Questions)ABOUT THE AUTHO! a Engr Arthur Tambong, FPSAE, Is the author of Bytex Feasibility Analyzer, a PSAE-award winning feasibilty study making software compliant with the IAS andl IFRS international accounting standards. He received the Master of Engineering degree at the Asian Institute of Technology, Thailand, in 1986. Two years earlier, he received the Bachelor of Science in Agricultural Engineering degree, cum laude, at Visayas State College of Agriculture, now Visayas State University, Philippines. He specializes on feasibility studies. One of his scientific papers is entitled and ‘Riga Technical University, Latvia, Europe. His feasibility study making ‘software, related products and services are found at Pauhipcom/Bytex. He isa licensed Agricultural and Biosystems Engineer and a 16th placer in tthe Licensure Examination. He also authored the book Biogas Plant Design. He is the inventor of the DOST-award winning invention "300 Watt-Peak Solar Battery Charging Station’ and he has more than 2 dazens of ‘copyrights of software and their upgrades. He was awarded as the countrys 1994 Most Outstanding Agricultural Philippine Society of Agricuttural and Biosystems Engineers. In2021,he retired ac Profestor llat Vieayas State University, The author hhas also cerved as Professor of Agricultural Engineering at the main ‘campus of Mindanao State University, as Visiting Computer Consultant at ‘the IU, Malaysia, and as Trainer On-Call for Long-range Energy Alternatives Planning at the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok. Thailand. 36‘This material was sourced from Bytex Online Through Payhip in London, England, United Kingdom https:/payhip.com/bytex Digital Products, Online Courses and Services at Bytex Online: Feasibility Study Preparations Services https://payhip.com/b/MESYt Load plus free software Bytex Feasibility Analyzer, ver. 5.18 Copyrighted by Arthur Tambong, a software for quick preparation of any feasibility study Compliant with IAS & IFRS international standards https://payhip.conv/b/dlQ5p Sample Feasibility Studies Compliant with IAS & IFRS Intemational Accounting Standards by Arthur Tambong (varied studies and years) https://payhip.com/b/rYmPg ABE Board Exam Reviewer (Part I) by Arthur Tambong, 2022 https://payhip.com/b/GaT84 ABE Board Exam Reviewer (Part II) by Arthur Tambong, 2022 https://payhip.com/b/DZYze 12 Tips to Pass Board Exams with High Rating by Arthur Tambong, 2022 https://payhip.com/b/pxH13z Introduction to Software-Aided Feasibility Study Preparation by Arthur Tambong, 2022 hutps://payhip.com/b/Em308 Training Course on Software-Aided Feasibility Study Preparation https://payhip.com/b/Dt5q&