Differentiability Left Hand Derivative (LHD) fla—h) — ff im Ha=h)—fla) Differentiability ey] , Oa A function f(x) is said to be differentiable A function f(x) 's sakd to be differentiable over (a, b) if It is differentiable at each {over (a, b) Hf: and every point c € (a, b). © itis differentiable in (a, b). ® Itts right differentiable at x =a. © itis left differentiable at x = b.Pia ma |) SY Stim AW Lim fic An- fl) ..) —> Instantaneous rata of change of tk AMO Ay St-D Ax yvento ETUC ttm ect d d d — (fil gixll = — + sie mi (fd gil = fod ii (gid) + gid a {fia} d d o| ome gb [ma] ae () -MoS (ot0) dx | gta] (gua)? 2| chan mute ity = fil’ h.u = gtd then 2% = SY ae dx du de UE Cm me UGG i rent) ot cB Da Di ¥ bd TS ae) Tate = Stans sectx 1+ = (sec x)= secx.tan: ae nxt a sec X.tanx a rxeER, nERe> a . " a * gy (Cosecx) = -cosecx.cot x ay I" aMinasa>0,aFt da ester 1st A = oe 8 ae ay HOB 1x1 = loge A = a 1 = (cos) = . = a ay OF ») a Ix)= z d rm (constant) = 0METHOD OF DIFFERENTIATION Samm a Un fH), 2 = ats) % fix) & g(x) are differentiable at x= a ft im fi r Lim 108) Um £00, Lim TOD. sn ue indeterminate a0 rc) 9°00 “form vanishes. ere Wy = (xe! => Imy = a(x) Im [f(xy] 4 dy a dy qd a Init = wv. 04 ee ake a {ave ntti) } ae = Moor {é Tots) In 1009) ie uae Oia iar lal il) Wx = f(t) & y =a(t) th apa ae ey sgt)then, a dul dt dx 1 . 1 ¥ f(x) and x= gly) are inverse function of ench other => = = oF WI Fag, (fat) hin) where f,g,h,|,m,n,u,v.w are differentiable function of x then Weo= [C16 me ne) (ut) vie) wiz) (we ga) ht fo) gi) hoe ti) gi) ba Foe] led mid nod | + 1 (0G mod nod) | +] Toomey ny uid) v(x) wi) ui) vod win) u(x) vd) wie)NDEFINITE INTEGRAL ™ i= J f(gix)) g'lx) dx Let g(x) =u then wee = six) = St x x i= Jr ) g'(x) dx t=] (uy dis ee aa) 12 J fe). ghadx mp 1= tf gooex— J F18. ( Jota) dx A helpful rule of thumb is ILATE. Choose f(x) based on which of these comes first: Inverse Logarithmic Algebraic Trigonometric Exponential Trigonometric Functions Functions Functions Functions Functions Euler's substitutions for integration 1= | R(x, fax?#bx +0) dx Substitutions 1, fat+bxec=t+ fax ; a>0 3. faxt+oxte etx + fe jc>0. 2, fax? +bxt+c = Ja(x—xi)(x—xo) = t(x— x1) = UK - x2),Cg UVa AHL Expressing complicated algebraic fractions into ‘Partial Fractions". Partial Fractions with ‘Repeated Linear Factors’ in the denominator, DE EL est ee ie f(x) ae oe (x) een ears eae (x+a)? xta(x+aj? (x+a)* Quadratic term | a BE (which cannot be factored) | (ax? + bx + c)(gx + h) axt+bxtc gxth Repeated linear factors CURE a Ee ALG (ax +b)"** J sirmax +b) dx=— ‘cos(ax +b) +C a(n +1) 4 nz-1,neR J costax+ by dx = — sin(ax +b)+C A a J to +b)" de= che In (ax +b) AED) Se 4 J sectax+ b) dx= — tan(ax + b)+C ax+b a a J cosec? (ax +b) dx = retin +b)+C) a J cosee x cot x dx=-cosecx+e dx frais lee (ax+b) /px+q Put:x=acos’@+bsin?@ Put: x=asec*@-btan?g Put px+q=t*laa) baa A Definite Integral represents the exact area under the curve between points ‘a’ and ‘b’. J fea ax = [F(x]! = F(t) - F(a) Is called the definite Integral of f(x) between the limits a and b. cuca! (F{x)) = (xc) TR ue cil Rana e eats Lota ah Fre UOLUeaUesye ne eit iea)er at) rf] DEFINITE INTEGRAL AS LIMIT DF A SUM b [vex = = h[f(a) + f(a +h) + fla + 2h) +....4 fa +n — Lh] La b-a = lim fh} fla + rh) where h=—— _ ((n=1)(n=3)...1 or 2] [(m-1)(m=3)...1 or 2] oe ee ee i (m+n)(m+n-2)(m+n-4)....1 or 2] ur de ee even (m,né€N); otherwise K = 1ry 7 @ TTS LiCgT Pema a ry add two intervals ti | tonex = f Cae es rat emer f(a = x)dx i tb f(x)dx + | f(x)dx 2 | f(x) dx ; If f(2a-x) = f(x) CMa art oe ey] at flxjdx = nl foxydx 4 Z Le. f(c+ 1) = f00 where 'T’ is the period of the function | tix); where f(x) is periodic with period T & nexTANGENT & NORMAL sss TANGENT Tangent is a limiting case of a secant NORMAL A litio that is perpendicular to a tangent line at the point of tangoney.