Nouns & Pronouns overview tions of 2 ‘Noun ol. Func ov, Noun Suffixes o>, Positions of aNoun ott, Types of Nouns ob. Some and Any + Noun ob. Personal Pronouns oF: possessive Adjectives Pronouns: ob. Reflexive Pron s & possessive oUNS: ry in the TOEIC Test @ Common: vocabuler tions OEIC ‘Actual Ques ctA NOUN is aword used to name a person, place, thing, or an abstract idea. A.noun can function.as.a subject, an-object, or-a complement in a sentence. "~@ My father is a teacher. “Sibet —____Conplement_ APFONOUN is used to replace a noun or anoun phrase: There ate personal pronouns (he, she, it, etc.), possessive pronouns (his, Fists, etc’), reflexive pronouns (myself, yourself, etc.) 6tc —-A personal-pronoun replaces a-specific person or thing that has——-—— been mentioned. A possessive pronoun substitutes a noun phrase that indicates __a possession relation, oo A reflexive pronoun is used to emphasize that itis the subject 1 oF to show that the object of a verb is the same person or thing_as the subject of a sentence. 444 __¢-He has a meeting this afternoon. (Personal pronoun) * His proposal is better than mine. (Possessive pronoun) * The président gave a speech himself. (Reflexive pronoun ~ to _emphasi 1 president who did it) a ae, *. Ho cut himself. Refexive pronoun ~ to show thatthe object is the Baie person as the subject) — ahEE cH PINT eH ‘@ Functions of a Noun ° What is a noun? ‘A noun is a word used to name a person, place, thing, or an abstract idea. E.g.: company, computer, puppy, Sam, the Republic of Korea, music, kindness, New York, hamburger Functions of a noun In a sentence, a noun has one of the following functions: THEE ‘A Choose the correct noun in brackets for each sentence. Then, name its function. 1. The (meeting / meet) will be delayed, olay 2. The event was a huge (success / succeed). huge 3. What we need now is your (cooperation / cooperate), = cooperate 4, The (manager / manage) is not fulfling his job, —___ ‘um 5. We need to arrange a (gathering / gather), arrange 6. My boss is satisfied with his (employ / employees), be satis with B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. Unfortunately, the _Subiect__ is out of order. unfortunately out of order copier ® copier ® copy © copying © to copy 2. The R&D Department at Info Tech is looking for —_Object__, look for specialize ® special ® specialize © specializing © specialists www.nhantriviet.com, Section 1 © Chapter 2~394 1 | t | i \ | IL | Noun Suffixes When a noun suffix Is added to a verb or an adjective, a noun will be formed. Below are some common noun suffixes. ete © Noun suffixes indicating occupations or people When the suffix -ant, -or/-er, or -ee is added to a verb or an adjective, a noun which means “a person who does an action” is formed. ‘A. Choose the correct noun from the adjective or verb given. 4. significant > (significance / significature) 6. distribute ~ (distributor / distributence) 2. fulfill > (fulfltion / fulfillment) 7. conduct (conductor / conductant) 3. invest ~ (investition / investment) 8. train > (trainee / trainment) 4. safe > (safety / safer) 9. apply > (applicant / applier) 5. arrive > (arrivence / arrival) 140. supervise ~ (superviser / supervisor) B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 4, ________ can get a brochure on the second floor. brochure on the second flor ® To participate © Participate © Participants © Participating in computer courses has increased for the past few years. enroll for thé past fow years ® To enroll © Enrollment © Enrolls © Enrolled 40 ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comcite Positions of a Noun In a sentence, a noun is usually found after an article, an adjective, a possessive adjective, or a preposition. ia A Look at the following sentences and place the nouns in brackets in the correct position — (A), (B), (C), or (0). 1. (applicant) The @ is not ® qualified © for © the job. 2. (supervisor) ® Your ® will inform © you © next week. 3. (campaign) An @ aggressive ® will © be effective ©. 4, (renovations) The ® shop @ is closed © for ©. 5. (accountant) An ® experienced © will © be hired ® soon. 6. (Gatisfaction) We will try @ to solve your ® problem © to your ©. B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. An early _____is required, especially in this kind of situation. early be roquied @ decide © decision © to decide © decided 2. We are looking for someone with two years of ______ in the marketing field, ‘experience field @® experiencing © to experience © experience @ experienced wwwenhantriviet.com Section 1 * Chapter 2-41There are two types of nouns: countable nouns and uncountable nouns. * Countable nouns are people or things that can be counted. They include common nouns (‘eferring to a person or thing in a general sense, e.g. article, company, discount) and collective nouns (naming a group of people or things, e.g. family, committee). Uncountable nouns are people or things that cannot be counted. They include concrete nouns (naming anything that you can perceive by your physical senses: touch, sight, taste, hearing, or smell, e.g. air, salt), abstract nouns (opposite to conorete nouns, e.g. advice, satisfaction, diligence), and proper nouns (naming a specific person, place, or thing, e.g. America, Monday, Mr. Johnson). - Countable nouns are used in the structures a/an/the + singular noun and (the +) ‘plural noun, : eee - Uncountable nouns cannot follow the article a/an and cannot be used in the plural form. Its | structure is (the +) singular noun. Ee A. Choose the correct noun in brackets for each sentence. The book provides general (information / informations) on health. 1 2. Your country should sign (agreement / an agreement) 3. My boss is always late for (meeting / meetings). 4, You cannot carry a lot of (luggages / luggage). B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 4. You need to wear protective __________ at the construction site. @ cloth clothe © clothings © clothing 2, The research shows that this _______ can cause big noise problems. @® some machineries @ machineries © machinery © a machinery 42~ ABC TOBIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comathe H -® Some and Any + Noun ‘Some and any are quantifiers used to refer to an indefinite quantity. Some and any have the following features: 1. Some and any come before a noun and function as an adjective indicating an indefinite quantity. ‘Some people complained about overtime work. If you need any help, e-mail me. 2, Some and any can be used with both countable nouns and uncountable nouns. Some candidates were not present at the campaign event, I need some advice from you. You cannot use any services without my permission. 8. Some is mostly used in affirmative sentences, while any is used in negative, interrogative, and conditional sentences, | have some questions to ask you. | don’t have any questions. If you have any problems, let me know. A. Fill each gap with some or any. 1, —_____ companies make a lot of profits in this economic situation, make profits 2, The management doesn't want to fire ________ employees next year. management fre 8. Do you have ______ concerns about your new job? concern 4. Our office needs _____ equipment before we start a new project. equipment 5. You should not touch _____ furniture in this lobby. touch furniture 6. Mr. Norris found _______ mistakes in the final report. mistake final report B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. The trainees didn’t have — questions about the new systeri trainee @ theirs @® any © some Oa 2. The engineers reported that @® they ® some © any Oa machinery has critical problems, machinery ottical www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 Chapter 2~ 43,eee) ) Personal Pronouns What is a personal pronoun? - A personal pronoun refers to a specific person or thing by using words like 1, me, you, he, him, she, her, it, etc. There are subject pronouns and object pronouns. © Types of personal pronouns Rie Person acuta oi A Choose the correct personal pronoun in brackets for each sentence. 1, Please give (I / me) some advice. advice 2. (You / Me) should submit your résumé by Friday. submit résumé 3, Do you often contact (he / him) at work? contact 4, Diana is from the UK. (She / Her) is English. 5. After many years, (they / them) returned to their homeland. homeland 6. | was surprised to see (she / her) at the conference. bbe upricad to conference B Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. [finished writing up the report, but _______ hasn't finished ‘it yet. ® him @®he © they Ober 2. Please inform _______ of any schedule changes. 6! @ my © mine Ome 44— ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.com{ | LL Possessive Adjectives & Possessive Pronouns Possessive adjectives A possessive adjective comes before a noun and modifies that noun. Is that your book? ‘This is their house. Possessive pronouns A possessive pronoun is used to substitute a noun phrase that indicates a possession relation. This is your car and that is hers. He is a friend of mine. Note: We cannot use a/an/the, this/these, that/those, no, some, any, every, etc. in front of a possessive adjective. He is.a friend of mine. (0) He is @ my friend. () YS PP ‘A Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence. 4. Do you have (his / him) contact information? contact inormation 2. Here is my identification, and now | need to see (your / yours). idenetion 3. (Our / Us) new software program has become popular. sofware program 4, They are going to make some changes in (you / your) proposal. proposal 5. We want to see (it / its) historical monuments. historic! monument 6. He did his assignment, and she did (her / hers). ssignment B_ Choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 4. These are my teachers. names are Paul and Rita. ® They ® Their © Them © Theirs 2. Her mobile phone is broken. She borrowed . @! ® my © mine Ome www.nhantriviet.com Section 1 » Chapter 2~ 45Reflexive Pronouns -| _ Reflexive pronouns are formed by adding the suffix -self (or -selves to plural forms) to the object pronouns or possessive adjectives. we ~ ourselves you ~ yourselves, they = themselves | Reflexive pronouns are used to show that the object of a verb is the same person or thing as the subject of a sentence. Dr. Patel introduced himself before the speech. (himself Dr. Patel) Reflexive pronouns are also used to emphasize that it Is the subject who does/did the action. | completed it myself. © Common expressions with reflexive pronouns EEE A Look at the underlined parts, then choose an appropriate reflexive pronoun for each sentence. 1. The manager will contact the applicants (herself / myself). 2. The president delivered the document by (himself / themselves). 3. She has to reserve a hotel (on herself / for herself). 4, Ms. Sanchez will give a tour of the factory (himself / herself). 5. Suddenly, the new copy machine started to work of (yourself / itself). 6. Martha and Kevin made up the plan (them / themselves). B Look at the hints printed in bold and choose the correct option to complete each sentence. 1. Jennifer Lee said that she prefers traveling by _______ to traveling with lots of people. prefer Ato B @ herself © himself © itself © her 2, The executives of the board __________ decided to conduct the analysis. executive board — conduct analysis @ himselt @ herself © themselves © their 46 - ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension www.nhantriviet.comCommon Vocabulary inthe [OEIC Test Nouns A. Match the words in the left columin with their corresponding words in the right column. e 1, account @ speaker 3 2. customer © schedule @ 3. a reliable © rates e 4. safety @ information $ e 5. a production © analysis s ee 6. interest @ technician 2s 7. a. computer @ satisfaction 5 8. a keynote @® measures i B Fit the gaps with the nouns in the box to form correct collocations. - i | appointment organization renovations contract + 1. make a(n) . g | 2, close for $ | 3. sign a(n) | 4, establish a(n) convenience agreement transportation consultant 5. at your 6, public 7. reach a(n) 5 8. work as a(n) i wwwinhantriviet.com Section 1» Chapter 2-47Practice with TOEIC Actual Questions Decide which of the choices - (A), (B), (C), or (D) ~ best completes the sentence. 1, Ms. Nora decided to find a solution for the problem by ____. (A) her (8) hers (©) herself (0) she decide ID to 2. Make sure you bring open an account. (A) you (8) your (©) yours (0) yourself make eure ‘open an account 3, ________ for the job must pass a very difficult test. (A) Applying (8) Apply (C) To apply (0) Applicants 4, | need to find —___ this business. investors for (A) any (8) some (C) yours (0) yourself noed investor 48 ~ ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension 5. Your ____ in this matter will be appreciated. (A) cooperation (8) cooperating (C) cooperate (0) to cooperate ‘cooperation appreciate The recent ____ conducted by Today's Report showed some surprising results. (A) researching (8) research (©) to research (0) researched recent conduct surprising . The _ will inform you of any changes happening here. (A) managing (®) manager (©) managed (0) manage inform A of 8 it costs a lot of money to conduct a(n) ________ to find out customers’ needs. (A) office (8) ourselves (C) survey (0) equipment ost find out customer's needs www.nhantriviet.com9, We asked Ms. Lee if wants to come back later. (A) she (8) her (C) hers (0) hersett 10. The assistant decided to deal with the problem by (A) he 8) him (©) his (0) himsett ‘deal with 41. The was established in 1977 to help poor children in the world, (A) consultant (8) agreement (C) transportation (D) organization be established poor chilaren | www.nhantriviet.com 12. 13. 14. It is always better to use public during rush hour. (A) transportation (8) convenience (C) appointment (0) agreement during rush hour The company is going to hire a to help us with our management problems. (A) consultant (8) trainee (C) candidate (0) contractor You can make a call or send an e-mail to make a(n) with Dr. Stewart. (A) development (8) possibility (C) renovation (0) appointment make a call Section 1 ®Chaptor 2-49Questions 15-16 refer to the following advertisement. Do you want to get some new home appliances? Sears can help you. Enjoy our special offer! This weekend, we are offering a special ______ on home appliances such as 415. (A) discounts (8) discount (C) discounting (0) to discount refrigerators, washing machines, and dishwashers. The offer lasts only for three days. _________ should hurry up. This offer ends on 16. (A) You (8) Your (©) Yours (D) Yourself March 3. Visit Sears today and get the home appliances you want. home appliances special offer washing machine dishwasher last «end 50 - ABC TOEIC Reading Comprehension ‘www.nhantriviet.com}: = 3 ». 4 FR a ob jj 3-)- Things You Should Know about Nouns 1. Nouns which are usually in the plural form Nouns referring to things that are made from two parts are always used in the plural form and followed by plural verbs, glasses pants scissors jeans Confusing nouns with an -s ending Nouns referring to a subject or knowledge area end in -s, but they are actu- ally singular nouns and followed by singular verbs, ‘economics mathematics linguistics . Nouns having the same singular and plural forms The following nouns remain the same in both singular and plural forms. a means -a.lot of means a species ~ many species aseries - three series }. The meanings of some nouns change depending on their singular or plural Choose the correct option in brackets for each sentence, 1. Mathematics (is / are) useful for my job. 2. I need to buy a pair of (glass / glasses). 3. English is one of the (means / mean) of communication, 4, There (aren't / isn't) enough room here. 5. We discussed the matter three (time / times).