Prominent Global Index and Reports E11

PROMINENT GLOBAL
INDEX AND REPORTS

E-BOOK XI
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Table of Contents:
1. CORRUPTION PERCEPTIONS INDEX
2. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK

 GEO - 6
3. WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT

 Every issue of the Report has:
 WIR -2019
4. WORLD DRUG REPORT

 WDR 2019
5. WORL D ECONOMIC OUTLOOK

 WEO 2019 -GLOBAL
 WEO 2019 - INDIA
6. GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX

 GHI 2019
7. END OF CHILDHOOD INDEX

 GCR 2019
8. GLOBAL FINANCIAL STABILITY REPORT
9. FINANCIAL STABILITY REPORT

 FSR – DECEMBER 2019
10. ASIAN DEVELOPMENT OUTLOOK

 ADO 2019
 ADO 2019 – INDIA
11. INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT INDEX

 IDI – INDIA
12. GLOBAL COMPETITVENESS INDEX

 GCI - GLOBAL
 GCI – INDIA
13. GENDER GAP INDEX

 GGI 2020 – GLOBAL
 GGI – INDIA
 Economic
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14. EASE OF DOING BUSINESS REPORT
 EODB – 2020
15. WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT

 WDR 2019
 Problem with the Informal sector
 Facts and Figures:
 Suggestion for Improvement
 Background
16. GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX

 GII 2019
 GII 2019 – INDIA
17. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX

 HDI 2019
 HDI 2019 – INDIA
18. GENDER INEQUALITY INDEX

 HDR – GII 2020
19. DEMOCRACY INDEX

 DI 2018 Democracy stagnates
 Political participation rises
 Women’s political participation makes progress
 Top and bottom
 Regional trends
 DI 2018 - INDIA
20. ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDEX

 EPI 2018
 EPI 2018 – INDIA
 Health
 Economy
 Measures taken
 C hallenges
 For example
 Way forward
21. GLOBAL PEACE INDEX

 GPI 2019
22. GLOBAL SLAVERY INDEX

 GSI 2018 - GLOBAL
 GSI 2018 – INDIA
 India’s stand

23. GLOBAL TERRORISM INDEX
 GTI 2019 - GLOBAL
 GTI 2019 - INDIA
24. WORLD HAPPINESS REPORT

 WHR 2019
 Significance of WHR
25. GLOBAL MULTID IMENSIONAL POVERTY INDEX

 GMPI 2019 – GLOBAL
 GMPI 2019 – INDIA
26. WORLD PRESS FREEDOM INDEX

 WPFI 2019 – GLOBAL
 WPFI 2019 – INDIA
27. GLOBAL NUTRITION REPORT

 GNR 2018
 GNR 2018 – RECOMMENDATIONS
 MALNUTRITION
28. GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECT REPORT

 GEP -Global 2020
 GEP -India 2020
29. MIGRATION AND REMITTANCE REPORT

 MRP-India
 MRP-Global
30. GLOBAL FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT

 Highlights of the report
31. REGULATORY INDICATORS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

 Key takeaways from RISE 2018 are as follows
32. LOGISTICS PERFORMANCE INDEX
33. GLOBAL HUMAN CAPITAL INDEX

 GHCI -India
 GHCI -Global
34. GLOBAL ENABLING TRADE REPORT
35. GLOBAL GENDER GAP INDEX

36. GLOBAL RISK REPORT
 The report sounds the alarm on
37. INTERNATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INDEX
38. GLOBAL LIVEABILITY INDEX

 GLI - Global
 GLI - India
39. GLOBAL TALENT COMPETITIVENESS I NDEX

 GTCI -India
 GTCI - Global
40. MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY STATUS
41. THE LIVING PLANET REPORT

 Important findings
42. THE ENERGY REPORT
43. GLOBAL PRESS FREEDOM INDEX
44. DEATH PENALTY REPORT
45. CLIMATE CHANGE PERFORMANCE INDEX
46. WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK

 Highlights of report
47. WORLD INTE LLECTUAL PROPERTY REPORT
48. WORLD MIGRATION REPORT
49. GREENHOUSE GAS BULLETIN
50. GLOBAL MANUFACTURING REPORT

 GMR- India
 GMR- Global
51. GLOBAL ENERGY ARCHITECTURE PERFORMANCE INDEX

REPORT
52. AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION REPORT

 Worldwide ambient air pollution accounts for

53. WORLD STATE OF FOREST REPORT
54. THE RISE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME REPORT
55. EMISSION GAP REPORT
56. THE WORLD EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL OUTLOOK
57. WORLD SOCIAL PROTECTION REPORT
58. LEVELS AND TRENDS IN CHILD MORTALITY REPORT

 Child mortality in India
59. WORLD’S CITIES REPORT

 Report by UN-Habitat
60. STATE OF WORLD POPULATION REPORT:
61. TRADE & DEVELOPMENT REPORT
62. GLOBAL CYBER SECURITY INDEX
63. WORLD WILDLIFE CRIME REPORT
64. GLOBAL EDUCATION MONITORING REPORT
65. TRAVEL AND TOURISM COMPETITIVENESS REPORT
66. GLOBAL INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY REPORT
67. WORLD OIL OUTLOOK (WOO)

 Some specific highlights from this year’s WOO include
68. WORLD WATER DEVELOPMENT REPORT

 Main Message
 Billions are being left behind
 Overcoming exclusion and inequality
69. ASIAN INFRASTRUCTURE FINANCE REPORT

 Transactions down
70. SAFETY REPORT
71. WORLD AIR QUALITY

72. ACTIONS ON AIR QUALITY
73. AGRICULTURAL MARKETING AND FARMER FRIENDLY

REFORMS INDEX
74. ANNUAL SURVEY OF EDUCATION REPORT
75. ASIAN ECONOMIC INTEGRATION REPORT
76. CHANGE THE WORLD LIST DATA
77. COMPOSITE WATER MANAGEMENT INDEX
78. EASE OF LIVING INDEX INDIA
79. MUNICIPAL PERFORMANCE INDEX
80. ECONOMIC FREEDOM INDEX
81. WORLDWIDE EDUCATING FOR FUTURE INDEX
82. E -GOVERNMENT DEVELOPMENT INDEX (EGDI)
83. FUTURE OF WORLD CHILDREN

 Methodology
84. GENDER PARITY INDEX
85. GLOBAL ASSESMENT REPORT
86. GLOBAL ASSESSMENT REPORT ON BIODIVERSITY AND

ECOSYSTEM SERVICES
87. G LOBAL FOOD POLICY REPORT 2020
88. TIME TO CARE
89. GLOBAL INEQUALITY REPORT
90. GLOBAL MONEY LAUNDERING REPORT & TERRORIST

FINANCING ASSESMENT
91. GLOBAL WAGE REPORT
92. GLOBAL REPORT ON TRAFFICKING IN PERSONS

93. TRAFFICKING IN PERSON REPORT
94. INDIA EXCLUSION REPORT
95. INDIA INNOVATI ON INDEX
96. INDIAN STATE OF FOREST REPORT

 Key Findings
97. INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT
98. NATIONAL AIR QUALITY INDEX
99. HEALTH INDEX : HEALTHY STATE PROGRESSIVE INDIA
100. NETWORK READINESS INDEX
101. QUALITY OF LIVING
102. RED DATA BOOK
103. REPORT CARD ON SWACCH BHARAT MISSION
104. REPORT O N REGULAR RESOURCES
105. RESIDEX
106. RULE OF LAW INDEX
107. SCHOOL EDUCATION QUALITY INDEX
108. SERVICE TRADE RESTRICTIVENESS INDEX
109. STATE OF FOOD SECURITY & NUTRITION
110. STATE OF GLOBALAIR
111. STATE OF GLOBAL CLIMATE REPORT
112. TECHNICAL COOPERATION REPORT
113. FUTURE OF RAIL REPORT
114. THE GLOBAL REPORT

115. STATE OF WORLD CHILDREN REPORT
116. TRENDS IN WORLD MILITARY EXPENDITURE
117. WOMEN BUSINESS AND LAW
118. DIGITAL COMPETITIVENESS
119. WORLD REPORT 2020
120. WORLD MALARIA REPORT
121. GLOBAL BURDEN OF DISEASES
122. FUTURE OF WORK
123. WORLD POPULATION PROSPECTS
124. CLIMATE RISK INDEX
125. SUST AINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOAL INDIA INDEX
126. GENDER SOCIAL NORM INDEX
127. A NEW ERA FOR GIRLS
128. STATE ENERGY EFFICIENCY INDEX
129. ALL INDIA SURVEY OF HIGHER EDUCATION

1. Corruption Perceptions Index
 Released annually by Transparency international since 1995.
 Ranks countries by their perceived levels of public sector corruption as
determined by expert assessments and opinion surveys.
 It defines corruption as ―the misuse of public power for private benefit.
 Currently ranks 180 countries on a scale from 100(very clean) to 0(highly
corrupt).
 2018 – Denmark(1st), New Zealand(2nd), Finland(3rd), India(78), South sudan
(178), Syria(178), Somalia(180).

2. Global Environment Outlook

Released by UN Environment Programme (UNEP) first released in 1997.
2019- 6th GEO published by UNEP with theme ―Healthy Planet, Healthy
People‖.
 It contains information needed to guide societies to a truly sustainable world
by 2050.
GEO- 6
 GEO-6 builds on the findings of previous GEO reports, including the six
regional assessments (2016), and outlines the current s tate of the environment,
illustrates possible future environmental trends and analyses the effectiveness
of policies.
 This flagship report shows how governments can put the world on the path
to a truly sustainable future.
 It emphasizes that urgent and inclusive action is needed by decision
makers at all levels to achieve a healthy planet with healthy people.
 It notes that East and South Asia have the highest number of deaths due to air
pollution; by one estimate, it killed about 1.24 million in India in 2017.
 As India‗ s population grows, it must worry that agricultural yields are
coming under stress due to increase in average temperature and erratic
monsoons.
 GEO-6 estimates that the top 10% of populations globally, in terms of
wealth, are responsible for 45% of GHG emissions, and the bottom 50% for
only 13%.
3. World Investment Report

 Released by UN Conference on Trade and Development(UNCTAD).
 The World I NVEstment Report focuses on trends in foreign direct investment
(FDI) worldwide, at the regional and countr y levels and emerging measures
to improve its contribution to development.
Every issue of the Report has:
 Analysis of the trends in FDI during the previous year, with especial
emphasis on the development implications.
 Ranking of the largest transnational corporations in the world.
 In-depth analysis of a selected topic related to FDI.
 Policy analysis and recommendations.
 Statistical annex with data on FDI flows and stocks at the country level
WIR -2019
 According to the (UNCTAD) World Investment Report 2019, I ndia received
foreign direct investments worth USD 42 billion in 2018 i.e. 6% increase in
investments.
 India attracted over 77% of the total foreign direct investments that came to
the South Asian region.


 However, India‘s rank as a source country for FDI fell one notch to the
10th position as it was overtaken by Spain.
 Among others in the South Asian region, FDI flows to Bangladesh and Sri
Lanka rose to a record level, to USD 3.6 billion and USD 1.6 billion,
respectively, while Pakistan witnessed a 27% de cline in investment to USD 2.4
billion.
 Of the 5,400 special economic zones (SEZs) in the world, more than 4,000
are in developing countries in Asia. In the developing countries in Asia,
China topped the list at 2,543 such zones, followed by Philippines (528),
India (373) Turkey (102), Thailand (74) among others.
 India has recently liberalised its rules on inward investment (an
investment that comes into a country from investors who live in other
countries) in several industries, including single -brand retail trading, airlines
and power exchanges.

4. World Drug Report

It is released by United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC).
UNODC was established in 1997 by merging of UN Drug Control Programme
and Centre for International Crime Prevention. It is head quartered in Vienna,
Austria.
 It is mandated to assist member states in their struggle against illicit drugs,
crime and terrorism.
 It relies on voluntary contributions, mainly from Governments, for 90% of its
budget.
WDR 2019
 In 2017, an estimated 271 million people, or 5.5 % of the global population
aged 15-64, had used drugs in the previous year. 
 The most widely used drug globally continues to be cannabis, with an
estimated 188 million people having used the drug in 2017.
 Globally, some 35 million people suffer from drug use disorder.
 Prevention and treatment continue to fall short with only one in seven people
with drug use disorders receiving treatment each year.
 Drug use increased by 30% in India in last decade.
5. World Economic Outlook

A Survey by the IMF staff usually published twice a year (biennial).
It presents IMF staff economists' analyses of global economic developments
during the near and medium term.
 consider issues affecting industrial countries, developing countries, and
economies in transition to market; and address topics of pressing current
interest.
WEO 2019 -GLOBAL
 The world economy is projected to grow only 3 per cent this year and 3.4 per
cent next year amid a ―synchronised slowdown―.
 China‗ s economic growth will slow down to 5.8 per cent next year.
 In the Euro area, growth is projected to be only 1.2 percent this year and 1.4
next year, with the German economy expected to grow by a dismal 0.5 per
cent this year. 
 United States is expected to slightly better with a 2.1 per cent growth
projected for this year and 2.4 per cent for the next.
 Reasons for slowdown: rising trade barriers, uncertainty surrounding trade
and geopolitics, and structural factors, such as low productivity growth and an
aging population in developed countries.

WEO 2019 - INDIA
 India retains its rank as the world’s fastest-growing major economy, tying
with China.
 It has a projected growth rate of 6.1 per cent for the current scal year, 
despite an almost one per cent cut in the forecast.
 However, India ‗ s economy is projected to pick up and grow by 7 per cent in
the 2020 scal year. 
 India‗ s sharpest cut in the economy is next to Saudi Arabia‗ s 1.7 percent in
2019 and 2020.
 The report suggests that India‗ s trade volume has reached its lowest level
since 2012. Also, It has reduced by 1% since 2012.
 The report highlights that India‗ s economic growth softened in 2019 because
corporate and environmental regulatory uncertainty, together with concerns
about the health of the nonbank financial sector, weighed on demand.
 Developing economies such as Brazil, India, China, Mexico and Russia and
some other countries are suffering from macroeconomic and financial stress.
6. Global Hunger Index

 The Global Hunger Index is a peer-reviewed annual report, jointly
published by Irish aid agency Concern Worldwide and German
organisation Welthungerhilfe , designed to comprehensively measure and
track hunger at the global, regional, and country levels.
 The aim of the GHI is to trigger action to reduce hunger around the world.
 GHI calculated using following four indicators, Child Mortality, Child
Wasting, Child Stunting and Undernourishment.
 Each indicator was given a standardized score on a 100 -point scale.
 The score of 0 (zero) is considered as best performing countries and 100 is the
worst.
GHI 2019
 India is ranked 102 of 117 countries in the Global Hunger Index 2019.
 Neighbouring countries like Nepal (73), Sri Lanka (66), Bangladesh (88),
Myanmar (69) and Pakistan (94), China(25).
 India‗ s GHI score has also decelerated — from 38.9 in 2005 to 32 in 2010 and
then from 32 to 30.3 between 2010 and 2019.
 The share of wasting among children in India rose from 16.5% in the 2008-
2012 periods to 20.8% in 2014-2018, according to the report.
 Just 9.6% of all children between 6 and 23 months of age are fed a
―minimum acceptable diet‖, it said.
 India‘s child wasting rate is extremely high at 20.8%, the highest for any
country in this report,‖ it said.
 Countries like Yemen and Djibouti , which are conflict-ridden and facing
severe climate issues respectively, fared better than India on that front,
according to the report.
 As per the report prepared by Welt Hunger Life, India is one of the 45
countries where hunger causes serious crisis.
 GHI highlights that the country has improved in some indicators such as
under-5 mortality rates and prevalence of undernourishment owing to
inadequate food.

7. End Of Childhood Index
 The End of Childhood Index is part of the Global Childhood Report released
by UK-based Save the Children, a non-profit organisation that works for child
rights.
The index evaluates countries on eight indicators to determine the wellbeing
of children and teenagers (0-19 years) : mortality among children under
five years of age, malnutrition that stunts growth, lack of education, child
labour, early marriage, adolescent births, displacement by conflict and
child homicide.
 A final score out of 1,000 is derived, and countries are ranked accordingly.
GCR 2019
 India ranks 113 of 176 countries on an index that evaluates countries on the
wellbeing of children.
 Between 2000 and 2019, India‗ s score rose from 632 to 769. India also
improved its rank from 116 of 172 countries in 2018.
 India ranked 4th among its neighbouring countries China (36), Sri lanka
(56), Bhutan (98), India (113), Bangladesh (127), Nepal (134), Pakistan (149).
 In the year 2000, an estimated 970 million children around the world were
deprived of their childhood. By 2019, that number fell 29% to 690 million.
 Child mortality rate reduced by 55% in the last two decades in India. It was
88 deaths per 1,000 live births in year 2000 now it was recorded 39 deaths per
1,000 live births in 2017.
 Low height for age, among children below age five, fell 25% globally from
198 million children to 149 million between 2000 and 2019.
 In India about 38% of children under five were stunted, the second-worst
performance compared to its neighbours after Pakistan (40.8%). China (6%)
had the lowest rate in the region, followed by Nepal (13.8%), Sri Lanka
(17.3%), Bangladesh (17.4%) and Bhutan (19.1%).
 Despite efforts at giving free universal education about 20% of them (aged 8-
16) were still out of school as of 2018.
 India halved its number of child marriages in 18 years to 2018, while
marriage rates for the poorest girls fell at least as much as for everyone else.
 India has managed to reduce adolescent births by 63% since 2000, which
has resulted in 2 million fewer young mothers.
 Adolescent birth rate (births per 1,000 girls aged 15-19 years)- In India, it
was 24.5 %, higher than that in China (6.5 %), Sri Lanka (14.8 %) and Bhutan
(22.1%), and better than that in Pakistan (37.7%), Nepal (62.1%) and
Bangladesh (84.4%) as of 2018.
 Schemes such as the Rajiv Gandhi Scheme for Empowerment of
Adolescent Girls (called SABLA), Kishori Shakti Yojana and Nutrition
Programme for Adolescent Girls have led to the improvement in the health

of Adolescent Girls.
8. Global Financial Stability Report

 The International Monetary Fund (IMF) releases the Global Financial
Stability Report (GFSR) and it is a semi-annual report.
 The GFSR provides an assessment of balance sheet vulnerabilities across
financial and non-financial sectors in advanced and emerging market
economies.
 It is released twice per year, in April and October.
 It draws out the financial ramifications of economic imbalances highlighted by
the IMF‗ s/World Economic Outlook.

 The GFSR issues recommendations for central banks, policymakers and others
who supervise global financial markets.
 The latest GFSR introduces a way to quantify vulnerabilities in the financial
system, encompassing six sectors: corporates, households, governments,
banks, insurance companies, and other financial institutions.
 There is high stock of non-performing assets (NPAs) in India. Portfolio
flows to emerging markets are influenced by benchmark -driven investors —
70% of country allocations of investment funds are impacted by benchmark
indices.
9. Financial Stability Report

 The report published by Reserve Bank of India twice a year one in June and
another in December.
 The FSR reflects the collective assessment of the Sub-Committee of the
Financial Stability and Development Council (FSDC) on risks to financial
stability.
 It gives a picture of the resilience of the financial system.
 The Report also discusses issues relating to the development and regulation of
the financial sector
 The report analyses the overall state of the various segments as well as
highlights the risk-related issues that could cause potential challenges.
FSR – DECEMBER 2019
 The revival of twin engines of India‗ s economic growth private consumption
and investment — while being vigilant about the events and developments
taking place in global financial markets remains a critical challenge.
 The aggregate demand has slumped in the second half of the current
financial year ending March 2020, adding to an already slowing economic
growth.
 While the outlook for capital inflows remains positive, India‗ s exports
could face headwinds in the event of sustained global slowdown but current
account deficit is likely to be under control reflecting muted energy price
outlook.
 India's financial system remains stable notwithstanding domestic growth.
 Bank‗ s gross non-performing asset (GNPA) ratio is expected to increase
from 9.3% in September 2019 to 9.9% by September 2020, primarily due to
change in macroeconomic scenario, marginal increase in slippages and the
denominator effect of declining credit growth.
 Reserve Bank has initiated policy measures to introduce a liquidity
management regime for NBFCs; to improve the banks‗ governance culture;
for resolution of stressed assets and for the development of payment
infrastructure.
10. Asian Development Outlook

The Asian Development Outlook is an annual publication produced by the
Asian Development Bank (ADB).
 It offers economic analysis and forecasts, as well as an examination of
social development issues, for most countries in Asia.
ADO 2019
 The ADO 2019 provides economic analysis and growth projections for 45
economies in Asia and the Pacific. Its theme chapter analyzes trend s in
disaster impacts and suggests policies to strengthen disaster resilience.
 Growth in developing Asia is projected to soften to 5.7% in 2019 and 5.6%

in 2020. Excluding Asia‗ s high-income newly industrialized economies,
growth is expected to slip from 6.4% in 2018 to 6.2% in 2019 and 6.1% in
2020.
 Since oil prices rose and Asian currencies depreciated, inflation edged up last
year but remained low by historical standards. In light of stable commodity
prices, inflation is anticipated to remain subdued at 2.5% in both 2019 and
2020.
 Only 20 of 45 individual economies are projected to see growth accelerate in
2019.
 By sub-region, aggregate growth rates in Central Asia, East Asia, and
Southeast Asia are expected to decelerate, while South Asia and the Pacific
will bounce back from slowdown in 2018. 
 In East Asian economy growth in East Asia decelerated by 0.2% to 6.0% in
2018, weighed down by weakening extern al trade and moderating investment
in the People‗ s Republic of China (PRC) but sustained by resilient domestic
consumption.
ADO 2019 – INDIA
 Growth rate: India‗ s growth forecast is cut to 7.2% for 2019-20 because of a
slower-than-expected pickup in investment demand. The growth rate in
Financial Year 2020 -21 is likely to be 7.3%.
 Recovery may be due to– agriculture and stronger domestic demand,
improved health of banks and corporations and implementation of a value -
added tax.
 The ination is expected to average around 4% in the first half of FY2019, and
therefore the Reserve Bank would have some room for lowering policy rates
further increasing credit.
11. Inclusive Development Index

 The IDI has been developed by the World Economic Forum (WEF) as a new
metric of national economic performance.
 It is seen as an alternative to GDP. 
 The Index on inclusiveness reflects more closely the criteria by which the
people evaluate their countries‘ economic progress.
 The index has three pillars of growth for global economies namely: growth
and development, inclusion, intergenerational equity and sustainability. 
 Accordingly, the parameters focus on the living standards of people and
future-proofing of economies by the WEF. 
 In the recent index, Norway tops the chart followed by Iceland and
Luxemburg in advanced economies.
 Lithuania, Hungary, and Azerbaijan are the toppers among the emerging
economies.
IDI – INDIA
 India has been ranked 62 out of 74 emerging economies.
 There has roughly been 2.3% improvement in the overall five -year trend of
the IDI for India.
 However, despite this, India is ranked below the neighbouring countries of
Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Nepal.
 Evidently, Pakistan has been ranked 47, Sri Lanka 40, and Nepal 22.
 Among G20 economies, India ranks second last.
 This is ahead of only South Africa and trails behind Russia (19), China (26) and
Brazil (37).
 Other South Asian economies such as Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia and
Philippines also ranked far better than India.

12. Global Competitiveness Index
 Released by World Ec onomic Forum (WEF).
 The World Economic Forum introduced the new Global Competitiveness
Index 4.0 in 2018.
 GCI 4.0 provides a detailed map of the factors and attributes that drive
productivity, growth and human development in the era of the Fourth
Industrial Revolution.
 The GCI 4.0 covers 141 economies, which account for 99% of the world‘s
GDP.
 The GCI 4.0 of 2019 reveal that, on average, most economies continue to be
far from the competitiveness ―frontier‖—the aggregate ideal across all
factors of competitiveness.
 A country‗ s performance on the overall GCI is reported as a ‗progress score‘
on a 0-to-100 scale, where 100 represents the ‗frontier‘, an ideal state
where an issue ceases to be a constraint to productivity growth.
 This edition of the report focuses on building shared prosperity (addressing
inequality) and managing the transition to a sustainable economy (addressing
environmental issues) along with competitiveness and growth.
 The report is based on 12 set of factors (pillars) that determine
productivity. These are: Institutions; Infrastructure; ICT adoption;
Macroeconomic stability; Health; Skills; Product market; Labour market;
Financial system; Market size; Business dynamism; and Innovation capability.
 The index has been an annual edition since 1979.
GCI - GLOBAL
 The world is at a social, environmental and economic tipping point. Subdued
growth, rising inequalities and accelerating climate change provide the
context for a backlash against capitalism, globalization, technology, and
elites.
 There is gridlock in the international governance system and escalating trade
and geopolitical tensions are fuelling uncertainty. 
 This holds back investment and increases the risk of supply shocks:
disruptions to global supply chains, sudden price spikes or inter ruptions in
the availability of key resources.
 Ten years on from the global financial crisis, the world economy remains
locked in a cycle of low or at productivity growth despite the injection of
more than $10 trillion by central banks.
GCI – INDIA
 Compared to last year, India has moved down 10 places to rank 68th. India
was ranked 58th last year. 
 It is among the worst-performing BRICS nations along with Brazil (ranked
even lower than India at 71st this year).
 India ranks high in terms of macroeconomic stability and market size, while
its financial sector is relatively deep and stable despite the high delinquency
rate, which contributes to weakening the soundness of its banking system.
 In innovation, India is well ahead of most emerging economies and on pa r
with several advanced economies.
 Major shortcomings: limited ICT (information, communications and
technology) adoption, poor health conditions and low healthy life expectancy.
 The healthy life expectancy, where India has been ranked 109th out of total
the 141 countries surveyed for the index, is one of the shortest outside Africa
and signicantly below the South Asian average. 
 With a ratio of female workers to male workers of 0.26, India has been
ranked very low at 128th place.

13. Gender Gap Index
 Released by World Economic Forum(WEF).
 The WEF published its first gender gap index in 2006.
 The Global Gender Gap Index benchmarks 153 countries on their
progress towards gender parity in four dimensions:
 Economic Participation and Opportunity,
 Educational Attainment,
 Health and Survival and
 Political Empowerment
 The Index aims to serve as a compass to track progress on relative gaps
between women and men on health, education, economy and politics.
Through this annual yardstick, the stakeholders within each count ry are able
to set priorities relevant in each specific economic, political and cultural
context.
 Over the Index, the highest possible score is 1 (equality) and the lowest
possible score is 0 (inequality).
GGI 2020 – GLOBAL
 Globally, the average (populatio n-weighted) distance completed to gender
parity is at 68.6%, which is an improvement since the last edition. It will take
99.5 years to achieve full parity between men and women at the current rate
of change.
 The largest gender disparity is in political empowerment. Only 25% of the
35,127 seats in parliaments around the world are occupied by women,
and only 21% of the 3,343 ministers are women.
 Iceland has been the frontrunner on the Global Gender Gap Index for 11
years in a row. It has closed almost 88% of its gender gap, followed by
Nordic neighbors Norway, Finland and Sweden.
 Yemen is ranked the worst (153rd), while Iraq is 152nd and Pakistan
151st.
GGI – INDIA
 India has slipped to the 112th spot from its 108th position in the last edition.
India was ranked relatively higher at 98th place in 2006 Report.
 India has been ranked below countries like China (106th), Sri Lanka
(102nd), Nepal (101st), Brazil (92nd), Indonesia (85th) and Bangladesh
(50th).
 Performance on Four Indicators: India has improved to 18th place on
political empowerment but it has slipped to 150th on health and survival, to
149th in terms of economic participation and opportunity and to 112th place
for educational attainment.
Economic
 Among the 153 countries studied, India is the only country where the
economic gender gap (0.354) is larger than the political gender gap
(0.411).
 India is among the countries with very low women representation on company
boards (13.8%), while it was even worse in China (9.7%).
 On health and survival, four large countries -- Pakistan, India, Vietnam and
China -- fare badly with millions of women there not getting the same access
to health as men.

14. Ease of Doing Business Report
Released by World Bank.
The report was introduced in 2003 to provide an assessment of objective
measures of business regulations and their enforcement across 190
economies on ten parameters affecting a business through its life cycle.
 The ten areas of study are defined as: starting a business, dealing with
construction permits, getting electricity, registering property, getting
credit, protecting minority investors, paying taxes, trading across borders,
enforcing contracts, and resolving insolvency.
EODB – 2020
 The World Bank recently released its Ease of Doing Business Report, 2020.
 The indicator measures the performance of countries across 10 different
dimensions in the 12-month period ending May 1, 2019.
 An 11th area — employing workers, is measured but not factored into the
score.
 According to the report, New Zealand retained its 1st position whereas
Somalia was ranked at 190th spot.
 India placed 63rd out of 190 countries — an improvement of 14 places from
its 77th position last year. The country ‗ s score improved from 67.3 last year to
71.0 this year.
 The 10 top ranking countries with respect to the indicator were: New
Zealand, Singapore, Hong Kong SAR China, Denmark, Korea, USA,
Georgia, United Kingdom, Norway, and Sweden.
 India also featured for the third consecutive year - in the list of ten
economies where business climates had improved the most.
 China (rank 31, score 77.9) made it to the top 10 list for the second such year.
 This list is comprised of Saudi Arabia, Jordan, Togo, Bahrain, Tajikistan,
Pakistan, Kuwait, China, India, and Nigeria.
 The country‗ s improved ranking was on the back of four reforms: starting a
business, dealing with construction permits, trading across borders and
resolving insolvency. 
 India continues to maintain its first position among South Asian countries. It
was 6th (in 2014).
 The World Bank will now include Kolkata and Bengaluru, besides Delhi and
Mumbai, for preparing ease of doing business report, in order to provide a
holistic picture of the business environment of the country.
 As far as India‗ s neighbourhood is concerned, Pakistan carried out the most
reforms in the South Asia.
 Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, the Maldives and Afghanistan made zero regulatory
changes.
 South Asian region generally underperforms with regard to enforcing
contracts and registering property, as per the Bank.
15. World Development Report

 The World Development Report (WDR) is an annual report published since
1978 by the World Bank.
 Each WDR provides in-depth analysis of a specific aspect of economic
development.
 Past reports have considered such topic s as agriculture, youth, equity, public
services delivery, the role of the state, transition economies, labour,
infrastructure, health, the environment, risk management, and poverty.

The reports are the Bank's best-known contribution to thinking about
development.
WDR 2019
 Making a case for creating more formal jobs, the World Bank in its draft World
Development Report 2019 said in India the pay-offs in the formal sector are
over twice as much as in the informal sector, which is among the largest in
the world.
 The Bank said regardless of how work may be changing, for low and middle -
income countries, it is persistent informality and low -productivity employment
that poses the greatest challenge.
 In another draft report titled Systematic Country Diagnostic (SCD) for India,
the World Bank said India needs to create regular, salaried jobs with
growing earnings rather than self-employed ones, in order to join the ranks
of the global middle class by 2047—the centenary of its independence.
Problem with the Informal sector
 The World Bank said informal workers show resourcefulness in handling the
constraints they face, but the businesses they run are too small to raise the
livelihoods of their owners.
 Informal firms are run by uneducated owners, serve low -income consumers,
and use little capital—informal firms add only 15% of the value per employee
of formal firms. They also rarely transition to the formal sector.
 The draft World Development report said that self -employment, informal
wage work with no written contracts and protections, and low -productivity
jobs more generally are the norm in most of the developing world.
Facts and Figures:
 The government on Wednesday released employment data from three social
security organisations which showed India added some 3.46 mil lion people to
the formal workforce between September last year and February 2018.
 However, it does not give a clear picture on whether these are new jobs or a
result of formalization of existing informal employment due to factors such as
the implementation of the goods and services tax (GST).
 The lack of credible and periodic data on job creation in the economy has
been a major weakness of India‗ s statistical system.
Suggestion for Improvement
 Improvements in infrastructure in towns and villages could enco urage formal
firms to establish themselves, near -poor workers.
 While small-scale informal enterprises are unlikely to formalize and grow, the
owners of informal firms can obtain formal jobs
Background
 In a report titled ‗Jobless Growth?‘ released earlier this month, the World
Bank said to keep employment rates constant, India needs to create 8
million jobs per year as it adds 1.3 million to the working -age population
every month.
16. Global Innovation Index

 The Global Innovation Index (GII) is an annual ranking of countries by their
capacity for, and success in, innovation.
 It is published by Cornell University, INSEAD, and the World Intellectual
Property Organization.
 The index was started in 2007 by INSEAD and World Business, a British
magazine.
 The GII relies on two sub-indices :

 Innovation Input Sub-Index.
 Innovation Output Sub-Index.
 These sub indices are built around several key pillars namely, Input pillar and
Output pillar:
Input pillars capture elements of the national economy that enable innovative
activities
 Institutions
 Human capital and research 
 Infrastructure
 Market sophistication
 Business sophistication.
Output pillars capture actual evidence of innovation outputs:
 Knowledge and technology outputs
 Creative outputs.
GII 2019
 The Government of India, has launched the Global Innovation Index (GII) in
New Delhi.
 This is the first time that the GII is being launched in an emerging economy. 
 The Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIIT) of
Ministry of Commerce and Industry, Government of India, World
Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) and Confederation of Indian
Industry (CII) are co hosting the event.
 The theme of GII- 2019 (12th edition) is ―Creating Healthy Lives - The
Future of Medical Innovation‖ which aims to explore the role of medical
innovation as it shapes the future of healthcare.
 Switzerland tops the GII index followed by Sweden, United States of America,
Netherlands, United Kingdom , Finland, Denmark, Singapore, Germany and
Israel.
GII 2019 – INDIA
 India‗ s ranking in the Global Innovation Index is 52 which shows an
improvement of 5 points from the last years ranking (57).
 India‗ s rankings has been consistently increasing over the last few years and
is among the top in the world in innovation drivers such as Information and
Communication Technology (ICT), services exports, graduates in science
and engineering, the quality of universities, gross capital formation (a
measure of economy-wide investments) and creative goods exports.
 India stands out in the world‗ s top science and technology clusters, with
Bengaluru, Mumbai, and New Delhi featuring among the top 100 global
clusters.
 India continues to be the most innovative economy in central and southern
Asia (a distinction held since 2011).
17. Human Development Index

 HDI emphasizes that people and their capabilities should be the ultimate
criteria for assessing the development of a country, not economic growth
alone.
 HDI measures average achievement of a country in three basic dimensions
of human development:
 A long and healthy life,
 Access to knowledge, and
 A decent standard of living.
 HDI is part of the Human Development Report that is published by the

United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
 The other indices that form the part of the 2019 Report are:
 Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI),
 Gender Development Index (GDI),
 Gender Inequality Index (GII) and
 Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI).
HDI 2019
 The focus of the 2019 Report is on ‗Inequality in Human Development‘.
 Norway, Switzerland, Ireland occupied the top three positions in that
order. 
 Germany is placed fourth along with Hong Kong, and Australia secured the
fifth rank on the global ranking.
 India was ranked 129 out of 189 countries on the 2019 Human Development
Index (HDI) improving from the 130th position in 2018.
 Sri Lanka (71) and China (85) were higher up the rank scale.
 Bhutan (134), Bangladesh (135), Myanmar (145), Nepal (147), Pakistan
(152) and Afghanistan (170) were ranked lower on the list.
 South Asia was the fastest growing region in human development progress
witnessing a 46% growth over 1990-2018, followed by East Asia and the
Pacific at 43%.
 Globally, there are 1.3 billion poor people.
 Around 661 million of these poor people live in Asia and the Pacific.
 South Asia constitutes 41% of the world‗ s poor.
HDI 2019 – INDIA
 India‗ s rank- 129. Last year ‗ s rank- 130.
 Despite lifting 271 million people out of poverty between 2005-15, India still
remains home to 28% (364 million) of the world’s poor. 
 Between 1990 and 2018, India‗ s HDI value increased by 50 per cent (from
0.431 to 0.647), which places it above the average for countries in the
medium human development group (0.634) and above the average for
other South Asian countries (0.642).
 This means that in the last three decades, life expectancy at birth in India
increased by 11.6 years, whereas the average number of schooling years
increased by 3.5 years. Per capita incomes increased 250 times.
 India is only marginally better than the South Asian average on the Gender
Development Index (0.829 vs 0.828), and ranks at a low 122 (of 162)
countries on the 2018 Gender Inequality Index.
 In Inequality-adjusted Human Development Index (IHDI) which indicates
percentage loss in HDI due to inequality  India‘s position worsened by one
position to 130 (as compared to the HDI Index 2019- 129) with a score of
0.477. Although, the IHDI score has improved from 0.468 in 2018.
 In Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) which captures the multiple
deprivations that people in developing countries face in their health,
education and standard of living India accounts for 28% of the 1.3 billion
multidimensional poor as per the index.
18. Gender Inequality Index

 It is part of the Human Development Report that is published by the United
Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
 GII presents a composite measure of gender inequality using three
dimensions:
 Reproductive health
 Empowerment
 The labour market.

HDR – GII 2020
 In GII, India is at 122 out of 162 countries. Neighbours China (39), Sri Lanka
(86), Bhutan (99), Myanmar (106) were placed above India.
 The report noted that group-based inequalities persist, especially affecting
women and girls and no place in the world ha s gender equality.
 The report notes that the world is not on track to achieve gender equality by
2030 as per the UN‘s Sustainable Development Goals (SDG -5). It forecasts
that it may take 202 years to close the gender gap in economic opportunity.
 The report presents a new ―social norms index‖ indicating how prejudices
and social beliefs obstruct gender equality, which shows that only 14% of
women and 10% of men worldwide have no gender bias.
 The report highlights that new forms of inequalities will manifest in future
through climate change and technological transformation which have the
potential to deepen existing social and economic fault lines.
19. Democracy Index

 The Democracy Index is an index compiled by the Economist Intelligence
Unit (EIU), a UK-based company.
 It intends to measure the state of democracy in 167 countries, of which 166
are sovereign states and 164 are UN member states.
 The index was first published in 2006, with updates for 2008, 2010 and later
years.
 The index is based on 60 indicators grouped in five different categories.
 electoral process and pluralism
 functioning of government
 political participation
 political culture
 civil liberties.
DI 2018 Democracy stagnates
 For the first time in three years, the Democracy Index did not deteriorate in
2018. But nor did it register any progress on a global scale. Across the
globe, deep disillusionment with the functioning of government was evident,
knocking confidence in political institutions, and ultimately in democracy
itself.
Political participation rises
 A host of indicators used to assess the scale of political participation improved
in 2018. On average, scores for voter turnout increased; there was also an
uptick in membership of political parties and organisations—even amid signs
that confidence in political parties had reached fresh lows during the year —
and growing engagement with politics in the news.
Women’s political participation makes progress
 While many indicators of political participation improved in 2018, none
improved more than wom en‗ s political participation—as measured by the
proportion of women represented in the legislature.
Top and bottom
 Norway came out on top and North Korea One of the more notable
improvements is of Costa Rica, the only country to join the ranks of ―full
democracies‖ in 2018, and to break into the top 20, rising three places
from 23rd to 20th.
 Western Europe continues to feature heavily among the index ‗ s ―full
democracies‖; apart from North Korea, the bottom 20 features countries
from the Middle East and North Africa, Sub-Saharan Africa and Eastern
Europe heavily. 

Regional trends
 After falling in 2017, Eastern Europe, Asia and Australasia, and Sub-Saharan
Africa all saw an improvement in 2018.
 In Latin America and Western Europe there were continued deteriora tions,
maintaining a trend that has been in evidence in both regions for three years.
 Eastern Europe remains the region that has deteriorated most since the
Democracy Index began in 2006
 Asia recorded the most progress from a low base.
DI 2018 - INDIA
 According to Democracy Index 2018, not much has changed in India. India is
ranked at 41 and improvement of one notch over the previous year.
 Among all the parameters in democracy index, India fared the worst when it
came to political culture.
 It is still classified as a ‗flawed democracy‘ according to the index. The
report defines a flawed democracy as a nation that have free and fair elections
and, even if there are problems (such as infringements on media freedom),
basic civil liberties are respected.
 India ranks below the US (ranked 25th in the index) and other so called
‗flawed democracies‗ like Italy, France, Botswana and South Africa.
 However, there are significant weaknesses in other aspects of democracy,
including problems in governance, an underdeveloped political culture and
low levels of political participation.
20. Environmental Performance Index

 EPI is a biennial report by Yale and Columbia Universities along with the
World Economic Forum. 
 The report ranks 180 countries on 24 performance indicators across ten
issue categories covering environmental health and ecosystem vitality.
EPI 2018
 Top rank in sustainability taken by Switzerland, followed by France,
Denmark, Malta and Sweden in the recent EPI.
 India ranks 177 among 180 countries in the Environmental Performance
Index 2018.
EPI 2018 – INDIA
 India at the 177th place is one of the bottom 5 countries on the index.
 The 177th place is a drop of 36 points from 141 in 2016.
 Emerging economies like Brazil and China ranks at 69 and 120.
 India is at the bottom of the environmental health category.
 In terms of air quality, India is at third last.
 Poor performance in the environmental health policy and high pollution-
related deaths are the major factors in the overall drop.
 Other major causes include pollution from solid fuels, coal and crop residue
burning and emissions from motor vehicles.
 Increasingly degrading air quality in India is attributed to the growth in
population, industrial production, and automotive transportation.
Health
 Air quality is the leading environmental threat to public health
 Over the past decade, the deaths due to a large rise in ultra-fine PM 2.5
particles in the country.
 An estimated 1.4 million premature deaths in India is due to Air pollution.

Economy
 Health impacts cause a serious loss in welfare equivalent to about 8% of
GDP in 2013.
 The cost of labor productivity became 1.8% of GDP. 
 Environmental degradation particularly affects the poor and further degrades
their standard of living.
Measures taken
 Over the past few years, the government has set some ambitious targets for
environmental protection as follows :
 Strict environmental standards for coal-fired power plants.
 Bharat Stage VI emission norms to be implemented from April 1, 2020.
 Initiatives to manufacture and sell electric vehicles in the country by
2030.
 Revision of National Solar Mission.
 Encouraging transition to renewable energy.
 The target for solar capacity revised from 20GW to 100 GW by 2022.
 Target to clean highly polluted Ganga by 2018.
Challenges
 There is a huge gap between policy goals and enforcement.
 On solar targets, India seems to be moving in the right path. However,
balancing it with other goals is seriously lacking.
For example,
 The government has relaxed its promise of implementing strict power plant
emission norms by December 2017.
 The 30% annual E-waste collection target by manufacturers has been
relaxed to 10%.
 The automobile industry has stated that full conversion to electric vehicles
is possible only by 2047 which is in contrast to the government ‗ s targets.
 In the clean Ganga initiative, there have been delays in creating an action
plan and lack of proper fund utilization.
Way forward
 In order to address the environmental problems, there is a need to recognize
the environmental costs of development.
 Subsidies shall be given in order to accelerate the transition to renewable,
particularly solar energy.
 More polluting fuels should be priced higher.
 The environmental standards for coal power plants should be strict.
 Petrol and Diesel should be priced higher in order to aid the transition to
electric vehicles.
 More political will is required to effectively implement the existing
environmental laws and regulations.
 Considering India‗ s poor performance in the index, the government should
take forward the environmental targets seriously. 
21. Global Peace Index

 The GPI was founded by Steve Killelea, an Australian technology
entrepreneur and philanthropist.
 It is released by Australian think tank Institute for Economics & Peace.
 It ranks countries according to their level of peacefulness based on three
thematic domains:

 The level of societal safety and security.
 The extent of ongoing domestic and international conflict.
 The degree of militarisation.
 Possible effects of climate change on peace is newly included in this
research.
 In the last five year, the global score of GPI has improved, with 86
countries improving and 76 recording deteriorations.
GPI 2019
 India's is ranked 141 among 163 countries on the Global Peace Index
2019. The ranking of India in 2018 was the 136th.
 Most peaceful: Iceland remains the most peaceful country in the world, a
position it has held since 2008.
 Other countries at top of the Global Peace Index (GPI) are New Zealand,
Austria, Portugal, and Denmark.
 Least peaceful: Afghanistan is now the least peaceful country in the world,
replacing Syria, which is now the second least peaceful. South Sudan,
Yemen, and Iraq comprise the remaining five least peaceful countries
 Position of South Asian countries: Bhutan topped the index with 15th rank, Sri
Lanka 72, Nepal 76, Bangladesh 101 and Pakistan 153rd on the index.
 Climate hazards: India together with the Philippines, Japan, Bangladesh,
Myanmar, China, Indonesia, Vietnam and Pakistan are the nine countries with
the highest risk of multiple climate hazards. India has the 7th highest OVErall
natural hazard score.
 Military expenditure: US, China, Saudi Arabia, Russia and India are the top
five countries with the largest total military expenditure.
22. Global Slavery Index

 It is published by the Australia-based human rights group Walk Free
Foundation .
 The estimation data were drawn from 54 surveys conducted in 48 countries
which included a module on Modern Slavery, with a total sample of 71,158
individual interviews.
 In the context of this report, modern slavery covers a set of specific legal
concepts including forced labour, debt bondage, forced marriage, slavery
and slavery-like practices, and human trafficking‖.
 It is used as an umbrella term which refers to situations of exploitation that a
person cannot refuse or leave because of threats, violence, coercion,
deception, and abuse of power.
GSI 2018 - GLOBAL
 North Korea is at the top of the list with 104.6 per 1,000 and Japan
registering the lowest prevalence rate of 0.3 per 1,000.
 Globally, nearly three-quarters (71 percent) of modern slavery‘s victims
are women and girls. There are more female than male victims across all
forms of modern slavery. 
 The 10 countries with the largest number of absolute numbers of people
in modern slavery include India, China, Pakistan, North Korea, Nigeria,
Iran, Indonesia, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Russia and the
Philippines. These 10 countries account for 60 percent of people liVINg in
modern slAVE ry.
 Findings from the Index highlight the connection between modern slavery
and two major external drivers – highly repressive regimes, in which
populations are put to work to prop up the government, and conict

situations which result in the breakdown of rule of law, social structures, and
existing systems of protection.
GSI 2018 – INDIA
 Among 167 countries, India ranked 53. However, in absolute numbers,
India topped the list on prevalence.
 The index estimates that on any given day in 2016 there were nearly 8 million
people living in ―modern slaveryǁ in India — a claim strongly contested by
the government on the grounds that its parameters were poorly defined and
too wide-ranging.
 The report said that in terms of prevalence, there were 6.1 victims for every
thousand people.
India’s stand:
 The Indian government questioned the definition of modern slavery used
in the research and also the sample size for interviews and the questions
posed to those surveyed. 
 Ministry of Women and Child Development termed the index flawed in its
interpretations and as the terminology used is very broad based and words
like ―forced labour‖ need a more detailed elaboration in the Indian context
where the socio-economic parametres are diverse and very nuanced.
23. Global Terrorism Index

 The Global Terrorism Index (GTI) is a report published annually by the
Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP), and was developed by IT
entrepreneur and IEP's founder Steve Killelea.
 The index provides a comprehensive summary of the key global trends and
patterns in terrorism.
 The report ranks 163 countries according to how impacted they are by
terrorism.
 The indicators include the number of terrorist incidents, fatalities,
injuries and property damage.
GTI 2019 - GLOBAL
 The deaths from terrorism have decreased by 15.2% in 2018 to 15,952
globally. This is the fourth consecutive year of improvement.
 However, 71 countries recorded at least one death from terrorism in 2018
which is the highest second number of countries since 2002.
 Afghanistan was the country most impacted by terrorism in 2018,
replacing Iraq which had held that position since 2004.
 The Taliban has overtaken ISIL to become the deadliest terrorist group in
the world recording a 71% increase in terrorism deaths.The group was
responsible for 38% of all terrorist deaths globally in 2018.
 The deaths in Europe has fallen by 70% with Western Euro pe recording its
lowest number of incidents since 2012.
 But there has been an increase in far-right terrorism for the third year running,
in Western Europe, North America and Oceania with deaths up by 52% in 2018.
 Further, the fall in terrorism has also been accompanied by a reduction in the
global economic impact of terrorism decreasing by 38% to US$33 billion in
2018.
GTI 2019 - INDIA
 India has been ranked 7th in the countries suffering the most deaths from
terrorism in 2018.
 India is ranked third in the countries with the greatest number of terrorist
attacks with nearly 748 recorded terror incidents in 2018.

 However,India has also recorded a slight improvement in the number of
terrorist attacks in the country while also recording a slight decrease in the
number of deaths.
24. World Happiness Report

 The Sustainable Development Solutions Network for the United Nations
releases the World Happiness Report on March 20, which was designated as
the World Happiness Day by the UN General Assembly in 2012.
 This is annual Report, which ranks the world‗ s 156 countries on ―how happy
their citizens perceive themselves to be‖.
 The report ranks countries on six key variables that support well-being:
 Income,
 Freedom to make life choices,
 Trust,
 Healthy life expectancy,
 Social support and
 Generosity.
 The happiness study ranks the countries of the world on the basis of questions
from the Gallup World Poll. The results are then correlated with other
factors, including GDP and social security.
WHR 2019
 This is UN‗ s seventh annual World Happiness Report.
 The focus of report was- "Happiness and Community: how happiness has
been changing over the past dozen years, and how information
technology, governance and social norms influence communities".
 The overall world happiness has fallen over the past few years, which has
mostly been fuelled by a sustained drop in India, which came in 140th place
this year (2019) compared with 133rd in 2018.
 There has been an increase in negative emotions, including worry,
sadness and anger.
 India featured in the five countries that had the largest drop since 2008 in the
index, along with Yemen, Syria, Botswana and Venezuela. 
 The list is topped by Finland for the second year in a row followed by
Denmark, Norway, Iceland and the Netherlands.
 Among India's neighbouring countries, Pakistan is ranked 67th, Bangladesh
125th, Bhutan 95th, Sri Lanka 130th and China is placed at 93rd.
 The US ranks at 19th place despite being one of the richest countries in the
world.
 People in war-torn South Sudan are the most unhappy with their lives,
followed by Central African Republic (155), Afghanistan (154), Tanzania
(153) and Rwanda (152).
Significance of WHR:
 Happiness has come to be accepted as a goal of public policy. And this
discourse has given a fillip to a new narrative wher e the interconnections
between law, governance and happiness are being searched.
 Experiences from several nations confirm that the countries with higher GDP
and higher per capita income are not necessarily the happiest countries and
there exists a link between the state of happiness and rule of law. 
25. Global Multidimensional Poverty Index

 The 2019 global Multidimensional Poverty Index was released by the UN
Development Programme.

 Multi-dimensional poverty defines poor not only on the basis of income, but
on other indicators, including poor health, poor quality of work and the threat
of violence.
 The MPI captures both the incident and intensity of poverty and tracks 101
countries on deprivations across ten indicators in health, education and
standard of living.
 Index is developed by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development
Initiative (OPHI) and the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP).
 As per report a single measure is not a sufficient guide to both inequality and
multidimensional poverty, and studies s uch as the MPI, Human
Development Index, and the Gini coefficient (which measures countries
wealth- income distribution), can contribute important and distinctive
information for policy action to effectively reduce poverty. 
GMPI 2019 – GLOBAL
 In the 101 countries studied – 31 low income, 68 middle income and 2 high
income – 1.3 billion people are multidimensionally poor.
 Bangladesh, Cambodia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Ethiopia, Haiti,
India, Nigeria, Pakistan, Peru and Vietnam (10 selected countries have a
combined population of around 2 billion people) have shown significant
progress towards achieving Sustainable Development Goal 1 i.e. ending
poverty in all its forms, everywhere. 
 Of the 10 selected countries, India and Cambodia reduced their MPI
values the fastest. India‗ s MPI value reduced from 0.283 in 2005-06 to 0.123 in
2015-16.
 Trends in poverty reduction is uneven in all 10 countries as rural areas are
poorer than urban areas.
 In Cambodia, Haiti, India and Peru poverty reduction in rural areas
outpaced that in urban areas.
 One in every three children (under the age of 10) and every second child
below the age of 18 years is multidimensionally poor in the world.
 About 34% of the world‗ s children and 17.5% adults covered under MPI
survey are multidime nsionally poor.
 One adult in six is multidimensionally poor compared with one child in
three, hence children are more prone to multidimensional poverty than
adults.
 Multidimensionally poor children are concentrated more in the Sub-Saharan
Africa and South Asia.
 In African countries such as Burkina Faso, Chad, Ethiopia, Niger and South
Sudan 90% or more children (under the age of 10) are multidimensionally
poor.
GMPI 2019 – INDIA
 India lifted 271 million people out of poverty between 2006 and 2016,
(reduced from 0.283 in 2005-06 to 0.123 in 2015-16) recording the fastest
reductions in the multidimensional poverty index values during the period
with strong improvements in areas such as assets, cooking fuel, sanitation
and nutrition.
 Among 10 selected countries India (and Cambodia) reduced their MPI values
the fastest and they did not leave the poorest groups behind.
 Jharkhand has reduced the incidence of poverty at a faster pace than other
regions (reduced the incidence of multidimensional poverty from 74.9% in
2005-06 to 46.5% in 2015-16).
 India (along with Ethiopia and Peru) significantly reduced deprivations in all

10 indicators, namely nutrition, sanitation, child mortality, drinking water,
years of schooling, electricity, school attendance, housing, cooking fuel and
assets.
 MPI reduced from 640 million people (55.1%) in 2005-2006 to 369
million people (27.9%) in 2015-16.
26. World Press Freedom Index

 Published annually by Reporters Without Borders since 2002, the World
Press Freedom Index measures the level of media freedom in 180 countries.
It is based on an evaluation of media freedom that measures pluralism,
media independence, the quality of the legal framework and the safety of
journalists.
 It also includes indicators of the level of media freedom violations in each
region.
 It is compiled by means of a questionnaire in 20 languages that is completed
by experts all over the world. This qualitative analysis is combined with
quantitative data on abuses and acts of violence against journalists during the
period evaluated.
WPFI 2019 – GLOBAL
 The index has been topped by Norway again for the third year, followed by
Finland and Sweden at second and third positions, respectively.
 Only 24 percent of the 180 countries and territories were classified as “good”
or “fairly good”, as opposed to 26 percent last year. 
 Of all the world‗ s regions, Americas (North and South) suffered the greatest
deterioration, falling by 3.6 percent, in its regional score.
 The Middle East and North Africa region continues to be the most difcult
and dangerous for journalists.
 Syria (174th) continues to be extremely dangerous for media personnel and
as does Yemen (168th).
 The Asia-Pacic region continues to rank third last. The number of
murdered journalists was extremely high in Afghanistan, India and Pakistan.
Disinformation is becoming a big problem in the region.
WPFI 2019 – INDIA
 India‗ s rank dropped down to 140th from 138th in 2018, two points below the
previous year.
 As per the Index, one of the most striking features of the current state of press
freedom in India is violence against journalists including police violence,
attacks by Maoist ghters, criminal groups and corrupt politicians.
 The media coverage in the sensitive regions like Kashmir continues to be
very difcult. Even the entry of foreign reporters is prohibited in Kashmir and
the Internet is often disconnected there.
27. Global Nutrition Report

 This report has been produced by the Independent Expert Group of the
Global Nutrition Report, supported by the Global Nutrition Report Stakeholder
Group.
 The Global Nutrition Report was conceived following the first Nutrition for
Growth Initiative Summit (N4G) in 2013. The first report was published in
2014.
 The Global Nutrition Report acts as a report card on the world‗ s nutrition—
globally, regionally, and country by country—and on efforts to improve it.
 It assesses progress in meeting Global Nutrition Targets established by the
World Health Assembly.
 The World Health Organization (WHO) is a Global Nutrition Report Partner.

GNR 2018
 In its fifth edition, the Global Nutrition Report highlights the worrying
prevalence and universality of malnutrition in all its forms. About a third
of the world‘s children suffer some form of malnutrition.
 According to the report there has been some progress in reducing
malnutrition, but it has been too slow and not spread across all forms of
malnutrition.
 Stunting in children under five years of age is declining at a global level but
numbers in Africa are increasing.
 Although, some progress is visible only against stunting, India still
holds almost a third of the world's burden for stunting. Of the three
countries that are home to almost half (47.2%) of all stunted children,
two are in Asia, with India having 46.6 million (31%) and Pakistan
having 10.7 million.
 India also accounted for 25.5 million children who are wasted, followed by
Nigeria (3.4 million) and Indonesia (3.3 million). More than half of the world's
children impacted by wasting (26.9 million) live in South Asia.
 Progress in addressing underweight and anaemia among women has been
extremely slow while overweight ((body mass index (BMI ≥25) and
obesity (BMI ≥30) among adults is getting worse, with higher rates of
obesity among women than men. Conversely, diabetes is more common
among men than women.
 India also figures among the set of countries that has more than a million
overweight children. The other nations are China, Indonesia, India, Egypt,
US, Brazil and Pakistan.
 Different forms of malnutrition continue to coexist with each other. Of the
141 countries analysed, 88% experience more than one form of malnutrition.
 In situations of crises arising from conflict, fragility, violence and
environmental change there is an urgent need to treat and prevent multiple
burdens of malnutrition while also building nutrition resilience.
GNR 2018 – RECOMMENDATIONS

 Break down silos between malnutrition in all its forms- Different forms of
malnutrition coexist which are being tackled at different rates, vary between
populations, and overlap with each other in various ways. Therefore they
require integrated approaches and cohesive work to address them.
 Prioritise and invest in the data and capacity to use them- The efforts
made to improve the collection and analysis of diet data must continue, and
the gap in micronutrient data must be addressed as a matter of urgency.
However, data collection and analysis i s not enough, all stakeholders also
need the capacity to use it to make evidence-based decisions.
 Increase financing for nutrition- Although nutrition financing have
increased over the years, especially in developing countries, they are not
adequate. Building on this progress, domestic investments must continue to
grow and international aid donors must keep investing.
 Galvanise action on healthy diets- Governments and business need to
implement a holistic package of actions to ensure food systems and food
environments are delivering healthy diets that are affordable, accessible
and desirable for all.
MALNUTRITION
 Malnutrition refers to deficiencies, excesses or imbalances in a person‘s

intake of energy and/or nutrients. It is often split into two broad groups of
conditions:
 Under nutrition, including stunting (low height for age), wasting
(low weight for height), underweight (low weight for age) and
micronutrient deficiencies or insufficiencies (a lack of important
vitamins and minerals).
 Overweight, obesity and diet-related non communicable diseases
(heart disease, stroke, diabetes, cancer, etc.).
 In April 2016, the United Nations General Assembly adopted a resolution
proclaiming the UN Decade of Action on Nutrition from 2016 to 2025.The
Sustainable Development Goal (SD Goal 2: Zero hunger) aims to end all
forms of hunger and malnutrition by 2030, making sure all people –
especially children – have access to sufficient and nutritious food all year
round. This involves promoting sustainable agricultural pract ices: supporting
small scale farmers and allowing equal access to land, technology and
markets.
28. Global Economic Prospect Report

 Released annually by World bank group
GEP-Global 2020:
 Global growth is set to rise by 2.5% in 2020, a small uptick from 2.4% in 2019,
as trade and investment gradually recover the World Bank s semi-annual
Global Economic Prospects forecasts.
 Advanced economies are expected to slow as a group to 1.4% from 1.6%,
mainly reflecting lingering weakness in manufacturing.
 Emerging market and developing economies will see growth accelerate to
4.1% from 3.5% last year
 Total debt among these economies climbed to about 170% of GDP in 2018
from 115% of GDP in 2010. Debt has also surged among low -income countries
after a sharp drop over 2000-2010
GEP-India 2020:
 Growth in India is projected to decelerate to 5 percent in FY2019/20 amid
enduring Financial sector issues
29. Migration And Remittance Report

 Released by world bank
MRP-India:
 India retained its position as the world's top recipient of re mittances with its
Diaspora sending a whopping USD 79 billion back home in 2018, the World
Bank said in a report
 India was followed by China (USD 67 billion), Mexico (USD 36 billion), the
Philippines (USD 34 billion), and Egypt (USD 29 billion)
 Over the last three years, India has registered a significant flow of remittances
from USD 62.7 billion in 2016 to USD 65.3 billion 2017
MRP-Global:
 According to the report, Remittance flows to low - and middle-income
countries (LMICs) are expected to reach $551 billi on in 2019, up by 4.7
percent compared to 2018, remittances to low -and middle-income countries
USD 529 billion in 2018, an increase of 9.6 per cent over the previous record
high of USD 483 billion in 2017.
 Global remittances, which include flows to high -income countries, reached
USD 689 billion in 2018, up from USD 633 billion in 2017

 The Bank said, remittances to South Asia grew 12 per cent to USD 131 billion in
2018, outpacing the six per cent growth in 2017
30. Global Financial Development Report

 Released by World Bank group 
Highlights of the report:
 Developing countries have increased their minimum capital requirements to
help curb risks, but greater information disclosure and supervisory capacity
are needed.
 Effective regulation and supervision need to harness the power of market
discipline to curb excessive risk-taking by private parties.
 Bank regulations need to be compatible with incentives, but designing and
enforcing such regulations are complex tasks. 
 Less complex regulations may mean more effective enforcement by
supervisors and better monitoring by stakeholders.
 Globalization and technological change are important trends that make it even
more challenging to provide effective oversight of banks.
31. Regulatory Indicators For Sustainable Energy

 Report published by World Bank
 RISE 2018 charts global progress on sustainable energy policies and shows
that policies matter – they are a leading indicator and building block of the
world‗s transition to sustainable energy. 
 The report finds that the world has seen a huge uptake in sustainable energy
policies. However, progress is still far from where it needs to be for the world
to reach global climate goals and the Sustainable Development Goal on
Energy (SDG7).
 RISE 2018 rates 133 countries from 2010-17 on electricity access, renewable
energy, energy efficiency and access to clean cooking to provide useful data
to policymakers and help the private sector make informed decisions about
investing in energy projects
Key takeaways from RISE 2018 are as follows:
 From 2010-2017, the number of countries with strong policy frameworks for
sustainable energy more than tripled – from 17 to 59.
 Many of the world s largest energy-consuming countries have significantly
improved their renewable energy regulations while adopting c lear targets for
both renewable energy and energy efficiency in the run -up to the 2015 Paris
Agreement.
 Progress is no longer contained to developed countries: there are strong
performers in every region of the developing world.
 The world is only about half way towards the adoption of advanced policy
frameworks for sustainable energy. This puts at risk the achievement of SDG7
by 2030 and hinders progress towards the goal of keeping the rise in global
temperatures to well below 2 degrees
32. Logistics Performance Index:

 Released by world bank group
 Logistics comprises a network of services that supports the physical
movement of goods within and across borders. It is a $4.3 trillion industry.
The 2018 Logistics Performance Index (LPI) scores countries on how efficiently
they move goods across and within borders.
 India ranked 44 in 2018 LPI.

33. Global Human Capital Index
GHCI-India:
 Published by World Economic Forum
 India ranks 103, lowest among BRICS economies in 2017 global human
capital index
 India has been placed at a low 103 rank, the lowest among BRICS economies,
on the WEF's Global Human Capital Index, which has been topped by
Norway
 India also ranks ―among the lowest in the world" when it comes to the
employment gender gap, but has fared well when it comes to development
of skills needed for the future with a rank of 65 out of total 130 countries
surveyed. 
 The list compiled by Geneva-based World Econo mic Forum (WEF) takes into
account ―the knowledge and skills people possess that enable them to create
value in the global economic system" to measure the ‗human capital‗ rank of a
country.
 India was ranked 105th on this list last year, while Finland was o n the top
which has pushed by Norway to second place this year. 
GHCI-Global:
 The WEF said India is ranked lower than its BRICS peers, with Russian
Federation placed as high as 16th place, followed by China at 34th, Brazil at
77th and South Africa at 87th place.
 Among the South Asian countries also, India was ranked lower than Sri Lanka
and Nepal, although higher than neighbouring Bangladesh and Pakistan.
34. Global Enabling Trade Report

 Released by World Economic Forum
GET-India
Rank 102nd / 136
Enabling Trade Index2016
Key Indicators, 2015
Source: International Monetary Fund; World Economic Outlook Database (April
2016); World Trade Organization, Merchandise Trade Statistics (22 November 16)
Population

Millions 1,334.2
GDP
US$ billions
2,611.0
GDP per capita
US$
2,036.2
Trade openness
% GDP
31.8
Share of world trade
% world total
1.99
Merchandise trade balance
US$ billions
-124.83
35. Global Gender Gap Index

 India slips four ranks on World Economic Forum’s Global Gender Gap
Index 2020
 According to the report, Nordic countries continue to lead the way to gender
parity
 India ranked 18th in political empowerment and 4th in the number of years a
female or a male ruled a state
 India has slipped to the 112th spot from its 108th position in 2018 in the World
Economic Forum‗s Global Gender Gap Index 2020, which covered 153
economies
 Among the 153 countries studied, India is the only country where the
economic gender gap is larger than the political gender gap
 Female political representation is low: women make up only 14 .4% of the
parliament (122nd) and 23% of the cabinet (69th)
36. Global Risk Report

 World Economic Forum released its Global Risks Report . Under the
report, the Forum has identified the global risks.
 Severe threats to our climate account for all of the Global Risks Report s top
long-term risks, with ―economic confrontationsǁ and ―domestic political
polarizationǁ recognized as significant short-term risks in 2020
 It warns that geopolitical turbulence and the retreat from multilateralism
threatens everyone s ability to tackle shared, critical global risks
 Without urgent attention to repairing societal divisions and driving sustainable
economic growth, leaders cannot systemically address threats like the climate
or biodiversity crises, the report warns
The report sounds the alarm on:
 Extreme weather events with major damage to property, infrastructure and
loss of human life
 Failure of climate -change mitigation and adaptation by governments and
businesses.
 Human-made environmental damage and disasters, including env ironmental
crime, such as oil spills, and radioactive contamination.
 Major biodiversity loss and ecosystem collapse (terrestrial or marine) with
irreversible consequences for the environment, resulting in severely depleted
resources for humankind as well as industries.
 Major natural disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions, and
geomagnetic storm

37. International Intellectual Property Index
 Prepared by the Global Innovation Policy Centre (GIPC) of the US
Chambers of Commerce
 India has increased ―substantially" its score in the International Intellectual
Property (IP) Index, ranking 44th among 50 nations
 Despite improvement in the score, India continues to remain towards the
bottom of the ladder. It now ranks 44 out of 50 countries. Last year, India
ranked 43rd out of 45 countries in the Index
 India‗s overall score has increased substantially from 25% (8.75 out of 35) in
the 5th edition of the Index to 30% (12.03 out of 40) in the 6th edition,"
according to the annual report prepared by the Glo bal Innovation Policy
Centre (GIPC) of the US Chambers of Commerce
38. Global Livability Index

 Prepared Economist Intelligence Unit's Global Liveability Index 2019
 The survey ranks countries across indicators including stability, healthcare,
education, infrastructure, culture and environment.
GLI- Global:
 Vienna in Austria, Melbourne and Sydney in Australia make the top three
cities in the list
GLI- India:
 In India, New Delhi and Mumbai rank 118th and 119th out of 140 cities
according to the Economist Intelligence Unit's Global Liveability Index 2019
 According to the report deterioration in culture and environment scores is of
concern including the quality of air in cities like New Delhi
 Mumbai‗s rank also fell in this year‗s index by two places, as a result of a
downgrade in its culture category
39. Global Talent Competitiveness Index

GTCI-India:
 India ranks 80 in Global Talent Competitiveness Index 2019
 The 2019 GTCI report, published by INSEAD, the Business School for the
World, in partnership with the Adecco Group and Tata Communications
 India scores well on growing talent, which is the only pillar where the country
is positioned above the median
GTCI- Global:
 In the 2019 GTCI, 6 Asia-Pacific countries rank in the top 30: Singapore (2nd),
New Zealand (11th), Australia (12th), Japan (22nd), Malaysia (27th) and South
Korea (30th)
 India remains the laggard in the BRICS (Brazil, Russia, India, China and South
Africa) region and was ranked 80 even as Singapore retained its leading
position in the Asia-Pacific region for the sixth consecutive year in the Global
Talent Competitiveness Index (GTCI) 2019
40. Multidimensional Poverty Status

 Global Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) from the UN Development
Programme (UNDP), the Oxford Poverty and Human Development
Initiative (OPHI)

 India lifted 271 million people out of poverty between 2006 and 2016,
recording the fastest reductions in the multidimensional poverty index values
during the period with strong improvements in areas such as ―assets, cooking
fuel, sanitation and nutrition,ǁ a report by the United Nations
 The report said that in the 101 countries studied — 31 low income, 68 middle
income and 2 high income - 1.3 billion people are ―multidimensionally poorǁ ,
which means that poverty is defined not simply by income, but by a number of
indicators, including poor health, poor quality of work and the threat of
violence
 Ethiopia, India and Peru significantly reduced deprivations in all 10 indicators,
namely nutrition, sanitation, child mortality, drinking water, years of
schooling, electricity, school attendance, housing, cooking fuel and assets.
41. The Living Planet Report

 The Living Planet Index (LPI) is an indicator of the state of global biodiversity
and the health of our planet.
 It was first published in 1998 by world wildlife fund
 WWF‗s flagship publication released every two years, is a comprehensive
study of trends in global biodiversity and the health of the planet.
 The Living Planet Report 2018 is the twelfth edition of the report and provides
the scientific evidence to what nature has been telling us repeatedly:
unsustainable human activity is pushing the planet s natural systems that
support life on Earth to the edge.
 Through multiple indicators including the Living Planet Index (LPI), provided
by the Zoological Society of London (ZSL), the report shows us the urgent need
for a new global deal for nature and people with clear, ambitious goals,
targets and metrics, to reverse the devastating trend of biodiversity loss
currently impacting the one planet we all call home
Important findings:
 The WWF Living Planet Report 2018, a science-based assessment of the health
of the planet, says that global wildlife populations have fallen by 60% in
just over four decades, thanks to accelerating pollution, deforestation,
climate change and other man-made factors.
 More than 4,000 species of mammals, birds, fish, reptiles and amphibians
declined rapidly between 1970 and 2014, the report said.
 The report also found that 90% of seabirds have plastics in their stomachs,
compared with 5% in 1960, while about half of the world‗s shallow-water
corals have been lost in the past three decades.

 Animal life dwindled the most rapidly in the tropical areas of Latin America
and the Caribbean, with an 89% fall in populations since 1970, while species
that rely on freshwater habitats, like frogs and river fish, declined in
population by 83%.
 The WWF has called for an international treaty, modelled on the Paris climate
agreement, to be drafted to protect wildlife and reverse human impacts on
nature.
42. The Energy Report

 World Wildlife Fund , in collaboration with energy consultants at Ecofys,
prepared The Energy Report which explores how to power the world entirely
by renewable energy by the middle of this century
 The Ecofys scenario, contained within The Energy Report, concludes that it is
technically feasible to supply everyone on Earth with the energy they need by
2050, with 95 per cent of this energy coming from renewable sources utilizing
technologies current or in development today. 
 In its report, WWF indicates how its vision of a 100 per cent renewable and
sustainable energy supply could be realized.
 In 2050, ambitious energy saving measures result in total energy demand
being 15 per cent lower than in 2005 - despite population, industrial output,
passenger travel and freight transport rising as projected.
 As far as possible electrical energy is used instead of solid or liquid fuels.
Wind, solar, geothermal and hydropower are the main sources of electricity,
with solar and geothermal sources, as well as heat pumps providing a large
share of heat for buildings and industry.
 Bioenergy (liquid biofuels and solid biomass) is used as a last resort where
other renewable energy sources are not viable - for aircraft, ships and truck
haulage and industrial processes requiring very high temperatures.
 By 2050, we save nearly $5.4 trillion globally each year through energy
efficiency and reduced fuel costs over a "business-as-usual" scenario.
 Under the Ecofys scenario, fossil fuels, nuclear power and tradition al biomass
are almost entirely phased out by 2050.
43. Global Press Freedom Index

 Published every year since 2002 by Reporters Without Borders (RSF), the
World Press Freedom Index is an important advocacy tool based on the
principle of emulation between states.
 The Index ranks 180 countries and regions according to the level of freedom
available to journalists. It is a snapshot of the media freedom situation based
on an evaluation of pluralism, independence of the media, quality of
legislative framework and sa fety of journalists in each country and region.
 It does not rank public policies even if governments obviously have a major
impact on their country s ranking. Nor is it an indicator of the quality of
journalism in each country or region.
 India has dropped two places on a global press freedom index to be
ranked 140th out of 180 countries in the annual Reporters Without Borders
 The World Press Freedom Index 2019', topped by Norway, finds an increased
sense of hostility towards journalists across the world, wi th violent attacks in
India leading to at least six Indian journalists being killed in the line of their
work last year 
 Paris-based Reporters Sans Frontieres (RSF), or Reporters Without Borders, is

a non-profit organisation that works to document and comba t attacks on
journalists around the world. In its 2019 index, RSF finds that hatred of
journalists has degenerated into violence, contributing to an increase in fear
around the world.
 In reference to India, it found an alarming rate of coordinated hate ca mpaigns
waged on social networks against journalists who dare to speak or write about
subjects that annoy Hindutva
44. Death Penalty Report

 Amnesty International recorded at least 690 executions in 20 countries in
2018, a decrease of 31% compared to 2017 (at least 993). This figure
represents the lowest number of executions that Amnesty International has
recorded in the past decade.
 Most executions took place in China, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Viet Nam and Iraq –
in that order.
 China remained the world’s leading e xecutioner – but the true extent of the
use of the death penalty in China is unknown as this data is classified as a state
secret; the global figure of at least 690 excludes the thousands of executions
believed to have been carried out in China.
 The authorities of Viet Nam indicated in November that 85 executions had
been carried out during 2018, placing the country among the world‗s top five
executioners.
 Excluding China, 78% of all reported executions took place in just four
countries – Iran, Saudi Arabi a, Viet Nam and Iraq
45. Climate Change Performance Index

 The Climate Change Performance Index published by Germanwatch, CAN
International and the NewClimate Institute evaluates and compares the
climate protection performance
 Published annually since 2005, the Climate Change Performance Index (CCPI)
tracks countries efforts to combat climate change. As an independent
monitoring tool it aims to enhance transparency in international climate
politics and enables comparison of climate protection efforts and progress
made by individual countries

 India for the first time ranks (rank 9) among the top ten in this year’s
CCPI. The current levels of per capita emissions and energy use are still
comparatively low and, along with ambitious 2030 targets, result in high
ratings for the GHG Emissions and Energy Use categories.
 While the country receives an overall medium rating in the Renewable Energy
category, India s 2030 renewable energy target is rated very high for its well-
below 2°C compatibility.
46. World Energy Outlook

 Published by international energy agency every year based on objective
data and dispassionate analysis, The World Energy Outlook (WEO) provides
critical analysis and insights on trends in energy demand and supply, and
what they mean for energy security, environmental protection and economic
development.
 The International Energy Agency examines the full spectrum of energy
issues including oil, gas and coal supply and demand, renewable energy
technologies, electricity markets, energy efficiency, access to energy,
demand side management and much more.
 Through its work, the IEA advocates policies that will enhance the reliability,
affordability and sustainability of energy in its 30 member countries, 8
association countries and beyond.
 The first WEO was published in 1977 and it has been an annual publication
since 1998. The detailed projections are generated by the World Energy
Model, a large-scale simulation tool, developed at the IEA over a period of
more than 20 years
Highlights of report:
 Total primary energy demand is set to expand by a robust 25% between 2018
and 2040.
 All forms of energies will be required in the future to help to meet expanding
demand in a sustainable way, balancing the needs of people in relation to
their social welfare, the economy a nd the environment.
 Natural gas witnesses the largest demand growth in absolute terms, and
renewables the largest growth in percentage terms.
 Oil is expected to remain the fuel with the largest share in the energy mix
throughout the forecast period to 2040.
 Oil demand is forecast to reach 110.6 mb/d by 2040
47. World Intellectual Property Report

 The World Intellectual Property Report is published every two years by
world intellectual property organisation with each edition focusing on
specific trends in an area of IP
 The WIPR 2019 examines how the geography of innovation has evolved over
the past few decades. Drawing on millions of patent and scientific publication
records, the report shows that innovation is increasingly global and
intertwined.
 The macro analysis of global trends is complemented by two case studies of
technological fields undergoing rapid change – autonomous vehicles and
agricultural biotechnology. 
 The report's findings make the case for economies to stay open in the pursuit
of innovation.

48. World Migration Report
 Global Migration Report 2020 has been released by International
Organisation for Migration’s (IOM)
 The number of international migrants globally in 2019: 272 million (3.5% of
the world s population)
 52 per cent of international migrants were male; 48 per cent were female 74
per cent of all international migrants were of working age (20 –64 years).
 India continued to be the largest country of origin of international migrants
 India had the largest number of migrants living abroad (17.5 million),
followed by Mexico and
 China (11.8 million and 10.7 million respectively).
 The top destination country remained the United States (50.7 million
international migrants).
 India is the leading recipient of remittances. International remit tances in 2018
(2020 report) reached $689 billion, out of which India received $78.6 billion
from the 17.5 million living abroad.
 Remittances received by India have consistently increased between the 2005
and 2020.
49. Greenhouse Gas Bulletin

 Released by Wor ld Meteorological organization
 Levels of heat-trapping greenhouse gases in the atmosphere have reached
another new record high, according to the World Meteorological
Organization. This continuing long-term trend means that future generations
will be confronted with increasingly severe impacts of climate change,
including rising temperatures, more extreme weather, water stress, sea level
rise and disruption to marine and land ecosystems.
 The WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin showed that globally averaged
concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) reached 407.8 parts per million in
2018, up from 405.5 parts per million (ppm) in 2017.
 Isotopes confirm the dominant role of fossil fuel combustion in increasing
levels of atmospheric carbon dioxide:

50. Global Manufacturing Report
GMR- India:
 The World Economic Forum (WEF) has ranked India at 30th position on a
global manufacturing index -- below China's 5th place but above other BRICS
peers, Brazil, Russia and South Africa.
  India has been placed in the 'Legacy' group along with Hungary, Mexico,
Philippines, Russia, Thailand and Turkey, among others. China figures among
'leading countries', while Brazil and South Africa are in 'nascent' ones
GMR- Global:
 Japan has been found to have the best structure of production in the Gen eva-
based WEF's first 'Readiness for the future of production report' and is
followed by South Korea, Germany, Switzerland, China, Czech Republic, the
US, Sweden, Austria and Ireland in the top 10
 Among BRICS nations, Russia is ranked 35th, Brazil 41st an d South Africa at
45th place
 The report, which analyses development of modern industrial strategies and
urges collaborative action, has categorised 100 countries into four groups --
Leading (strong current base, high level of readiness for future); High
Potential (limited current base, high potential for future); Legacy (strong
current base, at risk for future); or Nascent (limited current base, low level of
readiness for future).
51. Global Energy Architecture Performance Index Report

 India has marginally improved its position to 87th place on a global
energy architecture performance index, but ranks among the worst for
pollution, a survey showed today. 
 Switzerland topped the annual list released by Geneva- based World
Economic Forum (WEF) and was followed by Norway, Sweden, Denmark
and France in the top five. India's rank improved three places from 90th last
year.
 According to the findings, the world's biggest energy consumers struggle to
take leading positions on the index as they grapple with inherent challe nges
of their large, complex energy systems and are outperformed by more nimble
economies.
 "Overall, some of the largest consumers of energy such as China (95th), India,
Japan (45th), the Russian Federation (48th) and the United States (52nd) have
either slipped in the rankings or experienced only marginal gains," it added.
52. Ambient Air Pollution Report

 Released by World health organisation
 Ambient air pollution kills about 3 million people annually and is affecting
all regions of the world, although Weste rn Pacific and South East Asia are the
most affected. About 90% of people breathe air that does not comply with the
WHO Air Quality Guidelines.
 An estimated 4.2 million premature deaths globally are linked to ambient air
pollution, mainly from heart disease, stroke, chronic obstructive pulmonary
disease, lung cancer, and acute respiratory infections in children.
Worldwide ambient air pollution accounts for:
 29% of all deaths and disease from lung cancer
 17% of all deaths and disease from acute lower respira tory infection
 24% of all deaths from stroke

 25% of all deaths and disease from ischaemic heart disease
 43% of all deaths and disease from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
 Pollutants with the strongest evidence for public health concern, include
particulate matter (PM), ozone (O3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur
dioxide (SO2).
53. World State of Forest Report

 Managing forests in a sustainable way, halting deforestation and restoring
degraded forests around the world are actions that are urgently requ ired in
order to avoid potentially damaging consequences for the planet, according
to the latest State of the World’s Forests (SOFO) report published by FAO
 The report summaries the results of the Global Forest Resources Assessment,
which had found that ―the world’s forest area decreased from 31.6 percent
of the global land area to 30.6 percent between 1990 and 2015,ǁ but added
that ―the pace of loss has slowed in recent years.ǁ 
 It goes on to suggest that forests are now being managed more sustainably;
however, this progress is not evenly distributed.
 This trend has been very uneven across continents. The rate of forest loss has
decreased, indeed, but still with a huge difference between regions
 Progress had been made in a number of countries. North America and Europe
had increased their respective forest areas in proportion to their total land
from 40.3 percent in 1990 to 41 percent in 2015.
 Also, Eastern and South Eastern Asian countries had increased their forests
from 28.5 percent to 29.6 percent during the same time frame.
 According to Muller, regions such as Europe typically relied on a strong
tradition of sustainable forest policies, whereas in Asia, China played a major
role by ―making incredible efforts in reforestation and forest management.ǁ 
 Other regions saw a reduction in forest coverage, including Sub -Saharan
Africa, which declined from 30.6 percent to 27.1 percent and Latin America
and the Caribbean, from 51.3 percent to 46.4 percent.
 Forests in Northern and Western Africa decreased slightly, fro m 3.9 percent to
3.8 percent, as well as New Zealand and Australia, which shrank from 17.4
percent to 17 percent
54. The Rise of Environmental Crime Report

 The Rise of Environmental Crime Report released by UNEP and
INTERPOL
 The report revealed that environme ntal crime grew up by 26 per cent larger
than previous estimates of 2014. Environmental crime is the world's fourth -
largest criminal enterprise after drug smuggling, counterfeiting and human
trafficking
 The crime includes the illegal trade in wildlife, co rporate crime in the forestry
sector, the illegal exploitation and sale of gold and other minerals, illegal
fisheries, the trafficking of hazardous waste and carbon credit fraud.
 The report finds that weak laws and poorly funded security forces are
enabling international criminal networks and armed rebels to profit from a
trade that fuels conflicts, devastates ecosystems and is threatening species
with extinction.
 The vast sums of money generated from the environmental crimes keep
sophisticated international criminal gangs in business, and fuel insecurity
around the world.
 The report recommends the world to come together to take strong national
and international action to combat environmental crime

55. Emission Gap Report
 It is crucial to track progress towards globally agreed climate goals. For a
decade, UNEP’s Emissions Gap Report has compared where greenhouse
gas emissions are heading against where they need to be, and highlighted the
best ways to close the gap.
 The report presents the latest data on the expected gap in 2030 for the 1.5°C
and 2°C temperature targets of the Paris Agreement.
 It considers different scenarios, from no new climate policies since 2005 to full
implementation of all national commitments under the Paris Agreement. For
the first time, it looks at how large annual cuts would need to be from 2020 to
2030 to stay on track to meeting the Paris goals
 At 1.5°C, over 70% of coral reefs will die, but at 2°C virtually all reefs will
be lost.
 Insects, vital for pollination of crops and plants, a re likely to lose half their
habitat at 1.5°C but this becomes almost twice as likely at 2°C.
 The Arctic Ocean being completely bare of sea ice in summer would be a
once per century likelihood at 1.5°C but this leaps to a once a decade
likelihood at 2°C.
 Over 6 million people currently live in coastal areas vulnerable to sea level
rise at 1.5°C degrees, and at 2°C this would affect 10 million more people by
the end of this century.
 Sea-level rise will be 100 centimetres higher at 2°C than at 1.5°C.
 The frequency and intensity of droughts, storms and extreme weather events
are increasingly likely above 1.5°C.
 The Emissions Gap Report 2019 shows that we are on the brink of missing the
1.5°C target and condemning humanity to a future of serious climate change
impacts. Countries cannot wait until they submit their updated Paris pledges
in one year s time to act. They need to do much more, starting now. Cities,
regions, businesses and individuals must all play their part too
56. The World Employment and Social Outlook

 Published by International Labour Organization (ILO)
 Almost half a billion people are working fewer paid hours than they would like
or lack adequate access to paid work, according to a new International
Labour Organization (ILO) report.
 The annual WESO Trends report analyses key labour market issues, including
unemployment, labour underutilisation, working poverty, income inequality,
labour income share and factors that exclude people from decent work.
 Trends 2020 (WESO) shows that unemployment is projec ted to increase by
around 2.5 million in 2020. Global unemployment has been roughly stable for
the last nine years but slowing global economic growth means that, as the
global labour force increases, not enough new jobs are being generated to
absorb new entrants to the labour market.
 Moderate or extreme working poverty is expected to edge up in 2020-21
in developing countries, increasing the obstacles to achieving Sustainable
Development Goal 1 on eradicating poverty everywhere by 2030.
 Currently working poverty (defined as earning less than US$3.20 per day in
purchasing power parity terms) affects more than 630 million workers, or one
in five of the global working population

57. World Social Protection Report
 This ILO flagship report provides a global overvi ew of recent trends in social
protection systems, including social protection floors.
 Based on new data, it offers a broad range of global, regional and country
data on social protection coverage, benefits and public expenditures on social
protection.
 Despite significant progress in the extension of social protection in many parts
of the world, the human right to social security is not yet a reality for a majority
of the world spopulation.
 Only 45 per cent of the global population are effectively covered by at least
one social protection benefit, while the remaining 55 per cent – as many as
4 billion people – are left unprotected (figure 1).
 ILO estimates also show that only 29 per cent of the global population are
covered by comprehensive social sec urity systems that include the full range
of benefits, from child and family benefits to old-age pensions.
 Yet the large majority – 71 per cent, or 5.2 billion people – are not, or are only
partially, protected.
 Coverage gaps are associated with a significant underinvestment in
social protection, particularly in Africa, Asia and the Arab States
58. Levels and Trends in Child Mortality Report

 Estimates developed by the UN Inter-agency group for child mortality
estimation
 The United Nations Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation (UN
IGME) produces estimates of child and young adolescent mortality annually,
reconciling the differences across data sources and taking into account the
systematic biases associated with the various types of data on child and
adolescent mortality.
 This report presents UN IGME s latest estimates– through 2018 – of neonatal,
infant and under-five mortality as well as mortality among children aged 5 –14
years.
 It assesses progress in the reduction of child and young adolescent mo rtality
at the country, regional and global levels, and provides an overview of the
methods used to estimate the mortality indicators above.
 Worldwide, one child/young adolescent died every 5 seconds in 2018, says
UN inter-agency group
Child mortality in India:
 India is among the few countries in the world where, in 2018, the mortality
under-5 years of girls, exceeded that of boys, according to the ‗ Levels and
Trends in Child Mortality report by the United Nations (UN) inter-agency
group for child mortality. 
 The global report states that in 2018 fewer countries showed gender
disparities in child mortality, and across the world, on average, boys are
expected to have a higher probability of dying before reaching age -5 than
girls. But this trend was not refle cted in India.

59. World’s cities report:
Report by UN-Habitat
 The analysis of urban development of the past twenty years presented in this
maiden edition of the World Cities Report shows, with compelling evidence,
that there are new forms of collaboration and cooperation, planning,
governance, finance and learning that can sustain positive change. The Report
unequivocally demonstrates that the current urbanization model is
unsustainable in many respects.
 It conveys a clear message that the pattern of urbanization needs to change in
order to better respond to the challenges of our time, to address issues such
as inequality, climate change, informality, insecurity, and the unsustainable
forms of urban expansion
 India is in the midst of a major urbanization boom. As per Census 2011, 377
million Indians comprising 31.1% of the total population lived in urban areas.
 This is estimated to have risen to 420 million in 2015 (UN-Habitat ―World
Cities Report 2016"). India‗s level of urbanization is lower than its peer group
of developing countries: China (45%), Indonesia (54%), Mexico (78%) and
Brazil (87%). Going ahead, by 2030, India s urban population is projected to
increase to 600 million.
 However, this positive trend is also accomp anied by its own unique set of
issues. Indian cities face challenges in terms of deficits in infrastructure,
governance and sustainability. With rapid urbanization, these problems are
going to aggravate, and can cumulatively pose a challenge to India s growth
trajectory..
60. State of World Population Report

 This report was developed under the auspices of the United Nations
Population Fund (UNFPA) Division of Communications and Strategic
Partnerships
 Remarkable gains have been made in sexual and reproductive health and
rights since 1969, when UNFPA was established. But despite progress,
hundreds of millions of women today still face economic, social, institutional
and other barriers that prevent them from making their own decisions
 According to a report by the United Nations Population Fund, India s
population grew at an average annual rate of 1.2 per cent between 2010 and
2019 to 1.36 billion, more than double the annual growth rate of China.

 As per the report, the Indian population grew at average annual rate of 1.2
per cent between 2010 and 2019.
In comparison, China‗spopulation stood at 1.42 billion in 2019, growing from
1.23 billion in 1994 and 803.6 million in 1969. China‗s population grew at an
average annual rate of 0.5 per ce nt between 2010 and 2019.
 In India, total fertility rate per woman was 5.6 in 1969, dropping to 3.7 in 1994
and 2.3 in 2019.
 The life expectancy at birth in 1969 was 47 years, growing to 60 years in 1994
and 69 years in 2019.
 The report said 27 per cent of the country s population was in the age bracket
of 0-14 years and 10-24 years each, while 67 per cent of the country s
population was in the 15-64 age bracket. However, six per cent of the
country‗s population is of the age 65 andabove
 Report says that the world spopulation in 1969 was growing at about 2 per
cent a year. At that rate, it would almost double within the next 25 years.
61. Trade & Development Report

 Released by United Nations Conference on Trade and Development
 The Trade and Development Report (TDR), launched in 1981, is issued every
year for the annual session of the Trade and Development Board.
 The Report analyses current economic trends and major policy issues of
international concern, and makes suggestions for addressing these issues at
various levels
 The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) has
forecast India s growth to moderate to 6%in 2019 from 7.4% in 2018 due to
lower-than-targeted tax collections and limited public spending.
 Together with a projected decelerat ion in the rate of growth in 2019 for India,
where below-target collections from the recently introduced Goods and
Services Tax (GST) have combined with fiscal consolidation efforts to limit
public spending, will further slow growth in the Asian region as a whole
62. Global Cyber Security Index

 India ranks 47 in global cyber security index 2018
 The Global Cyber security Index (GCI) is a composite index produced,
analysed and published by the International Telecommunication Union
(ITU) to measure the commitment of countries to cybersecurity in order to
raise cybersecurity awareness.
 The GCI is rooted in the ITU Global Cybersecurity Agenda (GCA) that was

launched in 2007, and reflects its five pillars: legal, technical,
organizational, capacity building, and cooperation.
 The GCI combines 25 indicators into one benchmark measure to monitor the
cybersecurity commitment of 193 ITU Member States and the State of Palestine
to the five pillars endorsed by the Global Cybersecurity Agenda (GCA)
 In 2017, the global commitment level had a distribution in all the six regions of
ITU, eliminating geographical theories of commitment. In 2018, only three
regions are represented with countries having the most level of commitment:
six countries from the Europe region, three from the Asia-Pacific region, and
two from the Americas region.
63. World Wildlife Crime Report

 The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) on 24 May 2016
launched its inaugural World Wildlife Crime Report. The report highlights
how the poaching and illegal trade of thousands of different species across the
globe present real environmental dangers.
 The report also urges shared responsibility in tackling this crime given how
products made from illicit flora and fauna such as fashion items, furniture,
food, and pets, may be hidden in plain sight.
 The report is a part of UNODC's ongoing Global Programme on Wildlife and
Forest Crime
 The World Wildlife Crime Report sheds light on seven specific areas which
best illustrate the scale of wildlife and forest crime. They are seafood; pets,
zoos and breeding; food, medicine and tonics; art, décor and jewellery;
cosmetics and perfume; fashion; and furniture.
 The report additionally highlights how gaps in legislation, law enforcement
and criminal justice systems present serious issues
64. Global Education Monitoring Report

 The Global Education Monitoring Report (the GEM Report, formerly known as
the Education for All Global Monitoring Report) is an editorially independent,
authoritative and evidence-based annual report published by UNESCO.
 Its mandate is to monitor progress towards the education targets in the new
Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) framework. The substance of the GEM
Report is developed and its quality assured by an experienced team under the
leadership of the GEM Report Director.
 The GEM Report is a singular, comprehensive, analytical and
authoritative reference for the global follow-up and review of education.
 With 15 reports produced since 2002, the Report has acquired extensive
experience in monitoring and policy analysis and a global reputation for
excellence, covering themes ranging from inequality, gender and teaching

and learning to conflict, literacy and early childhood care and education.
 The GEM Report influences national, regional and international policy-makers
in education and finance as well as planners, policy analysts, aid agencies,
foundations, UN organizations, NGOs, teachers, experts, researchers, the
media and students.
 The first report in this series, launched in the fall of 2016, Educ ation for people
and planet, situated education s role in the post-2015 sustainable development
agenda and design a framework for the monitoring of internationally agreed
targets in education.
 The Report s Advisory Board has already confirmed the theme of the 2017
GEM Report, the vital issue of accountability, and the 2018 GEM Report:
migration
65. Travel and Tourism Competitiveness Report:

 For over a decade the World Economic Forum engaged leaders in travel and
tourism to carry out an in-depth analysis of the travel and tourism (T&T)
competitiveness.
 Published biennially, Travel & Tourism Competitiveness Report and Index
benchmarks the T&T competitiveness of 140 economies and measures the set
of factors and policies that enable the sustainable development of the Travel &
Tourism (T&T) sector, which in turn, contributes to the development and
competitiveness of a country Covering 140 economies, the Travel & Tourism
Competitiveness Index measures the set of factors and policies that enable the
sustainable development of the travel and tourism sector, which contributes to
the development and competitiveness of a country.
 India's ranking improved from 40th to 34th, the greatest improvement over
2017 among the top 25 per cent of all countries ranked in the report
 "India showed the greatest percentage improvement to its overall Travel &
Tourism Competitiveness Index (TTCI) score, which has helped it become the
only lower-middle income country in the top 35," the report said and lauded
its natural and cultural assets and price competitiveness

 Japan remains Asia's most competitive travel and tourism economy,
ranking 4th globally, while China is by far the largest travel and tourism
economy in Asia-Pacific and 13th most competitive globally (up two spots).
66. Global Information Technology Report

 2016 edition of The Global Information Technology Report assesses the state
of networked readiness of 139 economies using the Networked Readiness
Index (NRI) and, under the theme ―Innovating in the Digital Economy,ǁ
examines the role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in
driving innovation.
 Consists of an extensive data compendium with the detailed performance of
each economy in the NRI and rankings for each of the 53 individual indicators
included in the NRI
 India ranks 91 on the Networked Readiness Index 2016, a key component of
the World Economic Forum's The Global Information Technology Report
2016

67. World Oil Outlook (WOO)
 Released by The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
 The 2019 OPEC World Oil Outlook (WOO) was launched in Vienna, Austria.
The 13th edition of the WOO presents an in-depth review of the OPEC
Secretariat s medium- to long-term projections and assessment for the global
oil and energy industry.
 This includes analysis of the industry s various linkages and its shifting
dynamics, providing insights into energy and oil demand, oil supply and
refining, the global economy, policy and technology developments,
demographic trends, environmental issues and sustai nable development.
Some specific highlights from this year’s WOO include:
 Total primary energy demand is set to expand by a robust 25% between 2018
and 2040.
 All forms of energies will be required in the future to help to meet expanding
demand in a sustainable way, balancing the needs of people in relation to
their social welfare, the economy and the environment.
 Natural gas witnesses the largest demand growth in absolute terms, and
renewables the largest growth in percentage terms.
 Oil is expected to remain the fuel with the largest share in the energy mix
throughout the forecast period to 2040.
 Oil demand is forecast to reach 110.6 mb/d by 2040.
 The non-OECD drives oil demand with growth of 21.4 mb/d by 2040
(compared to 2018), whereas the OECD region is expected to contract by 9.6
mb/d.
 Long-term demand growth comes mainly from the petrochemicals (4.1 mb/d),
road transportation (2.9 mb/d) and aviation (2.4 mb/d) sectors.
 The total vehicle fleet – including passenger and commercial vehicles – is
estimated to grow by more than 1 billion by 2040 to around 2.4 billion.
 The long-term share of electric vehicles in the total fleet is projected to reach
a level of around 13% in 2040, supported by falling battery costs and policy
support, but the majority of the growth continues to be for conventional
vehicles. 
 Non-OPEC liquids supply is projected to grow by 9.9 mb/d between 2018 and
2024, the majority coming from US tight oil, but from the mid -2020s non-OPEC
sees a steady decline.
 Demand for OPEC liquids is projected to increase to around 44.4 mb/d in
2040, up from 36.6 mb/d in 2018.
 Crude distillation capacity additions of around 8 mb/d are expected between
2019 and 2024, with over 70% in the Asia -Pacific and the Middle East. This is
close to 50% of the total capacity additions required in the long -term to 2040.
 Global crude oil and condensate trade is estimated to remain relatively static
at around 38 mb/d between 2018 and 2025, before increasing to around 42
mb/d by 2040.
 The US & Canada is expected to increase crude and condensate exports in the
medium-term.
 Over the entire forecast period, the major oil trade route remains the Middle
East to the Asia-Pacific.
 In the period to 2040, the required global oil sector investment is estimated at
$10.6 trillion.
 Energy poverty remains a major global challenge, with almost one billion
people still without access to electricity and three billion lacking access to
clean fuels for cooking. 

 OPEC remains fully engaged and supportive of the Paris Agreement on
climate change. 
 The world needs to look for cleaner and more efficient technological solutions
everywhere, across all available energies. 
 The oil industry has to be part of the solution to climate change; it possesses
critical resources and expertise that can help unlock our carbon-free future.
68. World Water Development Report

 The United Nations World Water Development Report is a global report that
provides an authoritative, comprehensive assessment of the world s
freshwater resources. It is produced annually by the World Wat er Assessment
Programme and released by UN-Water 
 The United Nations World Water Development Report, Leaving no one
behind, launched 19 March 2019 during the 40th session of the United Nations
Human Rights Council (UNHRC), and in conjunction to the World W ater Day,
demonstrates how improvements in water resources management and access
to water supply and sanitation services are essential to addressing various
social and economic inequities, such that ‗ no one is left behind‗when it comes
to enjoying the multiple benefits and opportunities that water provides
 Safe drinking water and sanitation are recognized as basic human rights, as
they are indispensable to sustaining healthy livelihoods and fundament al in
maintaining the dignity of all human beings International human rights law
obliges states to work towards achieving universal access to water and
sanitation for all, without discrimination, while prioritizing those most in need.
 Fulfilment of the human rights to water and sanitation requires that the
services be available, physically accessible, equitably affordable, safe
and culturally acceptable. 
 ‗Leaving no one behind’ is at the heart of the commitment of the 2030 Agenda
for Sustainable Development, which aims to allow all people in all countries
to benefit from socio-economic development and to achieve the full
realization of human rights
Main Message:
Billions are being left behind
 Access to safe, affordable and reliable drinking water and sanitation
services are basic human rights. Billions still lack safe water and sanitation
facilities, and people are being left behind for reasons related to their gender,
ethnicity, culture and/or socioeconomic status, among others. Exclusion,
discrimination, entrenched power asymmetries, poverty and material
inequalities are among the main obstacles to fulfilling the human rights to
water and sanitation and achieving the water-related goals of the 2030 Agenda
for Sustainable Development 
 The wealthy generally receive high levels of service at very low price,
while the poor often pay a much higher price for services of similar or
lesser quality. Rapid urbanization means that pockets of slum areas will
continue to emerge. People living in informal settlements (‗ slums‗) with no
formal physical address are regularly excluded from reticulated water and
sanitation networks and therefore must rely on (usually more costl y)
alternatives, such as water vendors. While larger centralized water and
sanitation systems provide opportunities for resource-sharing and economies
of scale in high-density urban communities, less costly decentralized systems
have been shown to be successful in smaller urban settlements. The basic
principle in terms of selecting the most appropriate technologies is not one of
‗ best practice , but rather one of‗ best fit .

 Equitable access to water for agricultural production, even if only for
supplemental watering of crops, can make the difference between
farming as a mere means of survival and farming as a reliable source of
livelihoods. Three-quarters of people living in extreme poverty live in rural
areas. The vast majority of the rural poor are smallholder family farmers.
While they constitute the backbone of national food supplies – contributing to
more than half of the agricultural production in many countries – they
themselves often suffer from food insecurity and malnutrition
 Refugees and internally displaced people often face barriers in accessing
water supply and sanitation services. By the end of the year 2017, an
unprecedented 68.5 million people have been forcibly displaced from their
homes as a result of conflict, persecution, or human rights violations. Another
18.8 million people were displaced by sudden-onset disasters – a situation
that is likely to worsen because of climate change. Mass displacement places
strain upon natural resources and water -related services at transition and
destination points for both existing populations and new arrivals, creating
potential inequalities and a source of conflicts among them.
Overcoming exclusion and inequality

 International human rights law obliges states to work towards achieving
universal access to water and sanitation for all, without discrimination,
while prioritizing those most in need. Human rights define individua ls as
rights-holders entitled to water and sanitation, and states as dutybearers that
have to guarantee access to WASH for all, using the maximum of their
available resources. Fulfilment of the human rights to water and sanitation
requires that the service s be safe, available, physically accessible, equitably
affordable and culturally acceptable. A human rights -based approach
advocates for the fundamental standards, principles and criteria of human
rights frameworks 
 Investing in water supply and sanitation in general, and for the
vulnerable and disadvantaged in particular, makes good economic
sense. Evidence suggests that the return on investment in water supply and
sanitation services can be considerably high, especially when broader
macroeconomic benefits are taken into account. Although the support of the
international donor community will remain critical in the developing world, it
will remain incumbent upon national governments to dramatically increase
investments. States and utilities are obligated to r egulate payments
mechanisms to ensure that services are affordable for all. Well -functioning
accountability mechanisms help institutions with sufficient capacity fulfil their
mandates to monitor and enforce the obligations of service providers.
Accountability and improved financial performance can help attract additional
external sources of financing and facilitate private sector involvement
 Accountability, integrity, transparency, legitimacy, public participation,
justice and efficiency are all essential features of ‘good governance’.
States have the obligation to facilitate public participation and protect
peoples‗ rights to participate in decisions that affect them. Good governance
rises above vested interests and exclusionary practices by moving away fro m
hierarchical power structures and guaranteeing a fair and equitable allocation
of water resources to all. Subsidies that promote greater community
participation empower vulnerable groups to allocate resources based on their
own priorities.

 Responses that are tailored to specific target groups help ensure that
affordable water supply and sanitation services are available to all . As
poor and vulnerable groups are not homogeneous, policies regarding water
supply and sanitation need to distinguish between different populations and
design specific actions to address each of them. Disaggregated data (with
respect to gender, age, income groups, ethnicity, culture, geography, etc.)
and social inclusion analyses are key tools in determining which groups are at
greatest risk of being ‗left behind‗, and why. Wh en resources are l imited, it
makes sense to target areas where populations have the least access to
services.
69. Asian Infrastructure Finance Report

 China-led Asian Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) expects the cost of
infrastructure financing in India to increase over the next one year.
 The bank, in its Asian Infrastructure Finance 2019 report, said it sees slowing
global economy, higher borrowing costs and geopolitical tensions leading to
greater uncertainty among investors.
 While the bank expects a marginal increase in the cost of infrastructure
financing cost in India, it also noted that geopolitical shocks or commodity
price fluctuations could intensify any increases in cost of financing even
further.
 Infrastructure financing scenario in India, similar to other countries in
the region, has been dominated by public spending, while significant
breakthrough in the mobilisation of private capital for infrastructure is yet to
be seen, AIIB report noted. 
 It said the reliance on on government funding through EPC and annuity -based
infrastructure financing models in India reflects the weak balance sheets of
some domestic commercial banks
 At the same time, according to Rajat Misra, Investment Operations Manager at
AIIB, India s movetowards using innovative PPP structures like hybrid annuity
model and Toll-Operate-Transfer model in the road sector could lead to
revival of private sector interest in infrastructure.
Transactions down
 For eight countries studied by AIIB, which includes India, China, Bangladesh,
Pakistan among others, the total value of infrastructure market transactions
reaching financial closure fell in 2017 and would likely to have also registered
a small decline in 2018, compared to 2016, the report said.
 India’s infrastructure transaction activity, after reaching $72.7 billion in
2014, dropped to $48.9 billion in 2015 and to $40.4 billion in 2016.
 While in 2017, it bounced back to $81.3 billion due to surge in transaction in
oil and gas segment, other sectors continued to see decline. In the nine
months of 2018 (till October), the total closed and ongoing transaction value
reached $46.4 billion.

70. Safety Report
 Released by International Civil Aviation Organisation
 The Annual ICAO Safety Report provides updates on safety indicators,
including accidents and related risk factors.
 Improving the safety of the global air transport system is ICAO s guiding and
most fundamental strategic objective. The Organization works constantly to
address and enhance global aviation safety through coordinated activities and
targets outlined in its Global Aviation Safety Plan (GASP).
 The GASP initiatives are monitored by ICAO s appraisal of global andregional
aviation safety metrics on the basis of established risk management principles
— a core component of contemporary State Safety Programmes (SSP) and
Safety Management Systems (SMS). In all of its coordinated safety activities,
ICAO strives to achieve a balance between assessed risk and the
requirements of practical, achievable and effectiv e risk mitigation strategies
 The air transport industry plays a major role in global economic activity and
development. One of the key elements to maintaining the vitality of civil
aviation is to ensure safe, secure, efficient and environmentally sustainab le
operations at the global, regional and national levels
 A specialized agency of the United Nations, the International Civil
Aviation Organization (ICAO) was established in 1944 to promote the safe
and orderly development of international civil aviation throughout the
world.
 ICAO promulgates Standards and Recommended Practices (SARPs) to
facilitate harmonised regulations in aviation safety, security, efficiency and
environmental protection on a global basis. Today, ICAO manages over 12
000 SARPs across the 19 Annexes and five Procedures for Air Navigation
Services (PANS) to the Convention on International Civil Aviation (Chicago
Convention), many of which are constantly evolving in tandem with latest
developments and innovations. ICAO serves as the primary forum for co-
operation in all fields of civil aviation among its 193 Member States. 
 Improving the safety of the global air transport system is ICAO s guiding and
most fundamental strategic objective. The Organization works constantly to
address and enhance global aviation safety through the following coordinated
activities:
 Policy and Standardization;
 Monitoring of key safety trends and indicators;
 Safety Analysis; and
 Implementing programmes to address safety issues.

71. World Air Quality
 Released by the pollution tracker IQAir and Greenpeace
 Comparison based on PM 2.5 levels
 Most polluted country is Bangladesh with 83.3 micrograms/cubic metre
followed by Pakistan, Mongolia, Afganistan respectively.
 India is at fifth position with 58.08 microgram/cubic metre
 21/30 worst polluted cities are in India with 6 out of the top 10 also from India
 National air pollution in India decreased by 20% from 2018 to 2019, with 98%
of cities experiencing of varying levels of improvement
 Indian cities, on average, exceed the World Health Organisation (WHO) target
for annual PM 2.5 exposure by 500%.
 For example, Mumbai‘s annual PM 2.5 concentration is 45.3
micrograms/cubic metre, when it should be 10 micrograms/cubic metre
according to the WHO.
72. Actions on Air Quality

 Launched at the second session of the UN Environment Assembly (UNEA-2) in
Nairobi, Kenya
 The report titled ‗Actions on Air Quality‘ focuses on ten measures to improve
air quality, organized around six categories: indoor air pollution, public
transport, fuels and vehicles, industry, waste burning, and air quality laws and
regulations.
 More than 80 percent of people living in urban areas that monitor air pollution
are exposed to air quality levels that exceed WHO limits, threatening lives,
productivity and economies.
 The report found improvements in some areas such as access to cleaner
cooking fuels and stoves, renewables, fuel sulphur content and public
transport - pointing to a growing momentum for change.
 However, action in other areas is less impressive and will not halt the increase
in air pollution that is threatening to claim many more lives.
73. Agricultural Marketing and Farmer Friendly Reforms Index

 The National Institution for Transforming India i.e. NITI Aayog has released the
Agricultural Marketing & Farm Friendly Reforms Index (AMFFRI) 2019. The
first-ever index was released in October 2016. AMFFRI is an index which
compares the status of reforms in the agriculture sector across all the states
and UTs in the country.
 The index is broadly based on three actions taken by a state or UT -
1. Implementation of Agricultural marketing reforms
2. Action to facilitate and liberalise lease in and lease out of agricultural
land

3. Liberalization of regulation on felling and transit of trees grown on private
land
 On the basis of these three actions, a state/UT is given a score out of 100.
 The agriculture marketing reforms are divided into various dimensions of
agriculture marketing which include 10 indicators representing different
areas of reform in e-NAM, APMC market, market charges and specific
treatment in the marketing of fruit and vegetable.
74. Annual Survey of Education Report

 Released by NGP Pratham since 2015
 It is an annual survey conducted every year in all rural districts of India
 ASER is a household-based rather than school-based survey.
 The report thus include all students including the drop outs
 Only 16% of children in Class 1 in 26 surveyed rural districts can read text at
the prescribed level, while almost 40% cannot even recognise letters
 Only 41% of these children could recognise two digit numbers
 Counter-intuitively, the report argues that a focus on cognitive skills rather
than subject learning in the early years can make a big difference to basic
literacy and numeracy abilities.
 The survey shows that among Class 1 children who could correctly do none or
only one of the tasks requiring cognitive skills, about 14% could read words,
while 19% could do single digit addition. However, of those children who
could correctly do all three cognitive tasks, 52% could read words, and 63%
could solve the addition problem.
 large number of factors determine the quality of education received at this
stage, including the child‘s home background, especially the mother‘s
education level; the type of school, whether anganwadis, government schools
or private pre-schools; and the child‘s age in Class 1.

 Of six-year olds in Class 1, 41.5% of those in private schools could read words
in comparison to only 19% from government schools.
 Similarly, 28% of those in government schools could do simple addition as
against 47% in private schools. This gap is further exacerbated by a gender
divide: only 39% of girls aged 6 -8 are enrolled in private schools in
comparison to almost 48% of boys.
75. Asian Economic Integration Report

 Released By Asian Development Bank
 This report reviews economic cooperation and integration in Asia and the
Pacific and looks at how technology could boost productivity in aging
economies.
 This publication examines trade and global value chains, cross -border
investment, financial integration, the movement of people, and subregional
cooperation.
 The theme chapter of this year‘s report explores the potential of technology to
boost productivity in aging economies. It discusses how countries can
promote and adopt innovations to turn demographic challenges into
opportunities. The report covers the 49 member count ries of ADB in Asia and
the Pacific.
76. Change the World List Data

 Fortune‘s Change the World list focuses on companies that are addressing
social challenges through their core business activities.
 Most of the companies on that list are relatively large, with $1 billion or more
in annual revenue, which helps them both pay for and scale their efforts to do
well by doing good.
77. Composite Water Management Index

 To supplement the efforts of Jal Shakti Ministry, NITI Aayog has prepared the
second Round of Composite Water Management Index (CWMI 2.0)
 NITI Aayog first launched and conceptualized the Composite Water
Management Index in 2018 as a tool to instill the sense ofcooperative and
competitive federalism among the states. This was a first ever attempt at
creating a pan-India set of metrics that measured different dimensions of
water management and use across the lifecycle of water. The report was
widely acknowledged and provided actionable guidance to States on where
they were doing well absolutely and relatively and what they needed to focus
on to secure their water future.
 Gujarat hold on to its rank one in the reference year (2017 -18), followed
byAndhra Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Goa, Karnataka and Tamil N adu. In
North Eastern and Himalayan States, Himachal Pradesh has been adjudged
number 1 in 2017-18 followed by Uttarakhand, Tripura and Assam. The Union
Territories have first time submitted their data and Puducherry has been
declared as the top ranker.

78. Ease of Living Index India
 Launched by Ministry Of Housing and Urban Affairs
 Index is designed to assess quality of life of citizens in 100 Smart Cities and 14
other Million Plus Cities
 Ease of Living Index is aimed at providing a holistic view of Indian cities -
beginning from the services provided by local bodies, the effectiveness of the
administration, the outcomes generated through these services in terms of the
liveability within cities and, finally, the citizen perception of these outcomes.
 The key objectives of the Ease of Living Index are four-folds, viz. a) generate
information to guide evidence-based policy making; b) catalyse action to
achieve broader developmental outcomes including the SDG; c) assess and
compare the outcomes achieved from va rious urban policies and schemes;
and d) obtain the perception of citizens about their view of the services
provided by the city administration.
 Measurement: 100 point scale across 78 indicators on following factors
 Institution and Governance - 25 pts
 Social Infrastructure – 25 pts
 Economic Factors – 5 pts
 Physical infrastructure – 45 pts
 For the first time, as part of the Ease of Living Index Assessment, a Citizen
Perception Survey is being conducted on behalf of the Ministry (which carries
30% of the marks of the Ease of Living Index). This is a very important
component of the assessment exercise as it will help in directly capturing
perception of citizens with respect to quality of life in their cities.
 Greater Mumbai ranked first among mega cities in EO LI 2018 and 3rd overall
 Overall Rankings are as follow
1. Pune
2. Navi Mumbai
3. Greater Mumbai
4. Tirupati
5. Chandigarh
6. Thane
7. Raipur
8. Indore
9. Vijayawada
10. Bhopal

79. Municipal Performance Index
 Municipal Performance Index (MPI) 2019 was launched by the Ministry of
Housing & Urban Affairs
 Designed to assess quality of life of citizens in 100 Smart Cities and 14 other
Million Plus Cities.
 With the Municipal Performance Index 2019, the Ministry has sought to assess
the performance of municipalities based on five enablersnamely Service,
Finance, Planning, Technology and Governance which have been further
divided into 20 sectors which will be evaluated across 100 indicators.
 This will help Municipalities in better planning and management, filling the
gaps in city administration, an d improving the liveability of cities for its
citizens.
80. Economic Freedom Index

 The Heritage Foundation published its 26th annual edition of Economic
Freedom Index 2020 to measure the level of economic freedom in 186
countries.
 Hong Kong lost its title as the number one freest economy due to a decline in
its score for investment freedom. Hong Kong's total score fell from 90.4 to 89.1
whereas Singapore maintained its 2019 score of 89.4 to take the 2020 title.
 The index is based on 12 factors which is grouped into 4 pillars namely, Rule
of Law- property rights, government integrity, judicial effectiveness;
Government Size- government spending, tax burden, fiscal health; Regulatory
Efficiency- business freedom, labor freedom, monetary freedom; Open
Markets- trade freedom, investment freedom, financial freedom
 It is graded on a scale of 0-100 which indicates,
 80–100 Free,
 70–79.9 Mostly Free
 60–69.9, Moderately Free
 50–59.9 ,Mostly Unfree
 0–49.9 Repressed
 Although India is ranked in 120th position in the study, it has been slowly but
steadily making progress. It improved its score by 1.3 points from 2019 to
tally 56.5 in 2020 due to improvements in the business freedom score. India's
score in 2017 was 52.6. It is the 28th freest economy among 42 countries in the
Asia-Pacific region in the 2020 study.
 China, India's strategic regional rival is in 20th position in Asia -Pacific and
103rd globally.
81. Worldwide Educating for Future Index

 The Worldwide Educating for the Future Index (WEFFI) 2019, as per a report
published by The Economist Intelligence Unit.
 Finland topped the index followed by Sweden.
 The index ranks countries based on their abilities to equip students with skill-
based education. The report analyses education system from the perspective
of skill-based education ―in areas such as critical thinking, problem-solving,
leadership, collaboration, creativity and entrepreneurship, as well as digital
and technical skills.
 It is the first comprehensive global index to evaluate inputs to education
systems rather than outputs such as test scores and concentrates on the 15-24
age band in 35 economies.

 India ranked 35th on the overall index in 2019 with a total score of 53, based
on three categories – policy environment, teaching environment and overall
socio-economic environment. The country ranked 40th with an overall score of
41.2 across categories in 2018.
 In 2019, India scored 56.3 in policy environment falling from a 61.5 score in
2018.
 India‘s score of 52.2 in the teaching environment category and 50.1 in the
socio-economic environment category increased significantly from 32.2 and
33.3 in 2018 respectively.
 The 2018 WEFFI report had highlighted the shortcomings in India‘s education
system emphasizing upon its inability to utilise the opportunity of
internationalising its higher education system.
82. E-Government Development Index (EGDI)

 The E-Government survey is released by United Nations Department of
Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA) every two years. The 2018 edition:
'Gearing E-Government to Support Transformation towards sustainable and
resilient societies' was launched on July 19, 2018.
 The E-Government Development Index (EGDI) is a composite index based on
the weighted average of three normalised indices:
 Telecommunications Infrastructure Index (TII): The index is based on data
provided by the International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
 Human Capital Index (HCI): It is based on data provided by the United Nations
Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
 Online Service Index (OSI: It is based on data collected from an independent
survey questionnaire, conducted by UNDESA, which assesses the national
online presence of all 193 United Nations Member States.
 Denmark, with an index value of 0.9150, topped the 2018 E -Government
Development Survey . It was followed by Australia with 0.9053 score and the
Republic of Korea with a value of 0.9010.
 The United Kingdom with 0.8999 value and Sweden with 0.8882 value took up
the 4th and 5th positions respectively.
 India, which was ranked 118 in 2014, jumped 11 places to be ranked 96 in
2018.
 India scored well on the Online Services sub-index with a score of
0.9514.However, it performed poorly in the Telecommunication Infrastructure
Index, with a score of 0.20091.On Human Capital Index, India scored far
below the world average with a score of 0.6627.India‘s overall score was
0.5484.
83. Future of World Children

 No single country is adequately protecting children‘s health, their
environment and their futures, finds a landmark report released today by a
Commission of over 40 child and adolescent health experts from around the
world. The Commission was convened by the World Health Organization
(WHO), UNICEF and The Lancet.
 The report, A Future for the World‘s Children?, finds that the health and future
of every child and adolescent worldwide is under immediate threat from
ecological degradation, climate change and exploitative marketing practices
that push heavily processed fast food, sugary drinks, alcohol and tobacco at
children.
 The report calculates the Flourishing Index and Sustainability Index of 180
countries.

 India secures 131st rank on a flourishing index that measures the best chance
at survival and well-being for children.
 Further, India ranked 77th on a sustainability index that takes into account per
capita carbon emissions and the ability of children in a nation to live healthy
lives.
Methodology
 Flourishing is the geometric mean of Surviving and Thriving.
 The parameter of Surviving considers maternal survival, survival in children
younger than 5 years ol d, suicide, access to maternal and child health
services, basic hygiene, sanitation, and lack of extreme poverty.
 The parameter of Thriving considers educational achievement, growth and
nutrition, reproductive freedom, and protection from violence.
84. Gender Parity Index

 The Gender Parity Index (GPI) is a socioeconomic index usually designed to
measure the relative access to education of males and females.
 GPI is released by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization (UNESCO) as a part of its Global Education Monitoring Report.
 In its simplest form, it is calculated as the quotient of the number of females by
the number of males enrolled in a given stage of education (primary,
secondary, etc.).

 A GPI equal to one signifies equality between males and females. A GPI less
than one is an indication that gender parity favors males while a GPI greater
than one indicates gender parity that favors females.
 The closer a GPI is to one, the closer a country is to achieving equality of
access between males and females. It is used by interna tional organizations,
particularly in measuring the progress of developing countries.
 India‘s GPI for the year 2018-19 at different levels of School Education is as
under:
 Primary Education: 1.03
 Upper Primary Education: 1.12
 Secondary Education: 1.04
 Higher Secondary Education: 1.04.
 India‘s GPI indicates that the number of girls is more than the number of boys
at all levels of school Education.
85. Global Assesment Report

 A Global Assessment Report on Disaster Risk Reduction (GAR) by the United
Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) has warned of new and
much larger threats due to extreme climate changes to economies,
in particular the Asia Pacific.
 About $5.2 billion was spent on reducing disaster risk between 2005 and 2017,
representing just 3.8 % of total humanitarian spending.
 Development aid used for things such as early warning systems, building
stronger schools and hospitals, and helping farmers grow hardier crops in
drought-prone areas was minuscule compared with funding for disaster
response.
 It identifies a range of major threats to human life and property, including air
pollution, diseases, earthquakes, drought and climate change.
 There is also growing potential for one type of disaster to produce or
exacerbate another as happens often in the case of heavy rains which trigger
landslides and mudslides following wildfires or periods of long drought.
 It warns that failure to act more urgently to manage intertwined risks could
slow or even reverse progress towards the UN goals on sustainable
development, which include eradicating poverty and hunger.
 Human losses and asset losses relative to gross domestic product tend to be
higher in the countries with the least capacity to prepare, finance and respond
to disasters and climate change, such as Sm all Island Developing States.
 Economic losses to the extent of 4% of GDP annually are projected, if
countries don‘t invest in DRR (Disaster Risk Reduction).
 It has been estimated that an annual investment of $6 billion in DRR strategies
would generate benefits of up to $360 billion each year.
 The report urges governments to put the Sendai Framework into
action, shifting focus from disaster management to reducing risk.
86. Global Assessment Report on Biodiversity and

Ecosystem Services
 First ever comprehensive report of this kind released by Global Assessment
Report on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services
 Nature is declining globally at rates unprecedented in human history — and
the rate of species extinctions is accelerating with grave impacts on
people around the world now likely,
 One million animal and plant species are under extinction. More to it,
thousands of these would extinct within decades.

 Since the beginning of the last century (1900), availability of native
species in most of the land-based habitats has declined by 20 per cent.
Similarly, 40 per cent of the amphibian species are threatened with
extinction.
 If one tracks back extinction of species to the 16th century, 680 vertebrate
species have been pushed into extinction since then, while 9 per cent o f
all domesticated breeds of mammals used for food and agriculture went
extinct by 2016. Add to it, 1,000 more such breeds are under threat of
extinction.
 Almost 33 per cent of reef-forming corals and more than a third of all
marine mammals are threatened. Ecosystems, species, wild populations,
local varieties and breeds of domesticated plants and animals are
shrinking, deteriorating or vanishing. The essential, interconnected web
of life on Earth is getting smaller and increasingly frayed.
 Reasons: This loss is a direct result of human activity and constitutes a
direct threat to human well-being in all regions of the world.
 Human-induced loss in ecosystems: Three-quarters of the land-based
environment and about two-thirds of the marine environment have been
significantly altered by human actions, says the assessment. Nearly 75
per cent of all freshwater resources are now used for crop and livestock
rearing activities.
 Impacts: productivity in 23 per cent of global land has reduced due to
land degradation. Up to $577 billion in annual global crops are at risk
from pollinator loss and 100-300 million people are at increased risk of
floods and hurricanes because of loss of coastal habitats and protection.
87. Global food Policy Report 2020

 Theme : Building inclusive food system
 The report highlights central role that inclusive food systems play in meeting
global goals to end poverty, hunger, malnutrition
 The rapid spread of COVID-19 and efforts to contain it are generating growing
concerns that food insecurity, malnutrition, and poverty may escalate,
particularly among marginalised people in the developing world. To build
more resilient, climate -smart, and healthy food systems that help people
withstand these types of shocks policymakers must prioritise making them
inclusive, according to the 2020 Global Food Policy Report, released by
the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI).
 The report highlights the central role that inclusive food systems play in
meeting global goals to end poverty, hunger, and mal nutrition, and offers
recommendations for making food systems more inclusive for four
marginalised groups – smallholders, women, youth, and conflict -affected
people – as well as analysis on transforming national food system.
 More than 60 per cent of people in low income countries are employed in
agriculture and smallholders comprise more than 70 per cent of farm units in
Africa south of the Sahara and 85 per cent of farms in South Asia. The rapid
expansion of food markets across Africa and Asia offers tremendous potential
for many of these smallholders to benefit if they can increase farm production
or engage themselves in food distribution, processing and other parts of the
supply chain where ample well -paying employment opportunities will
emerge.
 Women are already making significant contributions throughout food systems,
but these contributions are often not formally recognised, and women often
face constraints that prevent them from engaging on equitable terms.

Increasing women‘s decision-making power and control over resources and
assets such as credit, land, and training helps empower them to contribute to
food systems in ways that benefit both men and women.
 Political instability and conflict have been fundamental drivers to the recent
surge in global hunger numbers, with more than half of all undernourished
people living in conflict-affected countries
 Across the developing world national food systems are already transforming
rapidly, creating challenges and opportunities to make them more inclusive to
all these groups. Case studies of these transformations in Bangladesh,
Ethiopia, Nigeria, and Vietnam provide useful examples of the drivers and
components of change, as well as the promising entry points for actions that
can increase inclusion
 The report also features chapters analysing developments in agri -food
systems in Africa south of the Sahara, the Middle East and North Africa,
Central Asia, South Asia, East and Southeast Asia, and Latin America and the
Caribbean.
88. Time to Care

 The report is prepared by Oxfam and released at the WEF meet at Davos.
 The world‘s 2,153 billionaires have more wealth than the 4.6 billion people
who make up 60 percent of the planet‘s population
Oxfam‘s report, ‗Time to Care‘, shows how our sexist economies are fuelling the inequality
crisis —enabling a wealthy elite to accumulate vast fortunes at the expense of ordinary
people and particularly poor women and girls:
The 22 richest men in the world have more wealth tha n all the women in Africa.
Women and girls put in 12.5 billion hours of unpaid care work each and every day —a
contribution to the global economy of at least $10.8 trillion a year, more than three times
the size of the global tech industry.
Getting the richest one percent to pay just 0.5 percent extra tax on their wealth over the
next 10 years would equal the investment needed to create 117 million jobs in sectors such
as elderly and childcare, education and health.
 The pressure on carers, both unpaid and paid, is set to grow in the coming
decade as the global population grows and age. An estimated 2.3 billion
people will be in need of care by 2030 —an increase of 200 million since 2015.
Climate change could worsen the looming global care crisis —by 2025, u p to
2.4 billion people will live in areas without enough water, and women and
girls will have to walk even longer distances to fetch it.
 The report shows governments are massively under -taxing the wealthiest
individuals and corporations and failing to collect revenues that could help lift
the responsibility of care from women and tackle poverty and inequality.
 At the same time, governments are underfunding vital public services and
infrastructure that could help reduce women and girls‘ workload. For
example, investments in water and sanitation, electricity, childcare,
healthcare could free up women‘s time and improve their quality of life.
89. Global Inequality Report

 The World Inequality Report (WIR) 2018, published by the World Inequality
Lab, has thrown up data that calls for critical reflection on the income and
wealth trends and patterns across the globe. The objective of the report is "to
contribute to a more informed global democratic debate on economic
inequality".
 One of the key findings is that income inequality has increased all over the
world, but in varying degrees and speed. Income inequality was lowest in

Europe and highest in the Middle East regions in 2016. The report highlights
the role of public discussions and political institutions in shaping economic
policies
 The WIR 2018 analysed income inequality from a historical perspective,
connecting social, economic and political dimensions.It focused on emerging
and developing nations such as BRICS-Brazil, China, India, Russia, South Africa
-- and the Middle East
 The report suggests that governments boost up investments in education,
healthcare and other basic public goods, including environmental
sustainability.
 The WIR 2018 report has important lessons not only for India but also for other
emerging and developing economies.
 Enhancing the role of progressive taxation; there has to be stringent laws
and policies, along with institutional systems, to ensure that the elites don't
capture the highest growth benefits; checks and balances against those
who evade taxes; and most importantly, sensitising citizens about the
interlink between paying taxes and their role in nation -building
 Transparency in the tax policy systems; GST provides one such opportunity
to enhance transparency to taxpayers, but it nee ds to overcome systemic
constraints, such as financial inclusion and accurate databases
 Adequate budgetary allocations to education, health and social sectors on a
priority basis. The unequal access to education and health sectors creates
incentives for private players to accumulate wealth in these sectors
 Investing in the future, that is, reaping the full potential of the demographic
dividend.
90. Global Money Laundering Report &

Terrorist Financing Assessment
 Released by Financial Action Task Force
 The Global Money Laundering and Terrorist Financing Threat Assessment
(GTA) report provides an assessment of the global systemic ML/TF threats.
The document is aimed at raising the level of understanding of these threats
and their negative impact, and help governmen ts to take decisive action to
minimise the harms they can cause.
 GTA does not examine all ML/TF techniques, but offers a simplified approach
by recognising that most of the ML and TF activities utilise at least one of the
five features analysed.
 GTA provides explanations on why criminals and terrorist financers conduct
their activities utilising these features and consider what factors allow for
successful ML and TF.
 GTA analyses the impact and effect of successful ML and TF on the
international financial system and on individuals, non -financial business, local
communities and national and international interests.
 GTA does not quantify the ML/TF threats; but recognises the components of
ML/TF, the harms caused and the need for global action.
 The report is based on the in-depth typologies studies and the FATF's
Strategic Surveillance Initiative. This initiative was established in 2008, with
the following objectives:
 detect and share information on the types of criminal or terrorist activities
that pose an emerging threat to the financial system.
 develop a more strategic and longer -term view of these threats.
This initiative involves the use of a detailed questionnaire which both FATF
and FSRB members respond to on a yearly basis.

91. Global Wage Report
 According to Global Wage Report 2018-19 published by International Labour
Organization (ILO), women are paid most unequally in India, compared to
men, when it comes to hourly wages for labour.
 India recorded the highest average real wage growth in South Asia duri ng
2008-17, according to a report by the International Labour Organisation (ILO).
 Reflecting more rapid economic growth than in other regions, workers in Asia
and the Pacific enjoyed the highest real wage growth among all regions over
the period 2006-17, with countries such as China, India, Thailand and Vietnam
leading the way, the Global Wage Report 2018/19 said.
 In South Asia, India led the average real wage growth in 2008 -17 at 5.5 against
a regional median of 3.7. Following India was Nepal (4.7), Sri La nka (4),
Bangladesh (3.4), Pakistan (1.8) and Iran (0.4).
 The Global Wage Report 2018/19 said that all emerging G20 countries, except
Mexico, experienced significant positive growth in average real wages
between 2008 and 2017.
 Wage growth continues in Saud i Arabia, India and Indonesia, whereas in
Turkey, it declined to around 1 per cent in 2017.
 South Africa and Brazil experienced positive wage growth starting from 2016
after a phase of mostly zero growth during the period 2012 -16, with negative
growth in Brazil during 2015-16.
 Russia suffered a significant drop in wage growth in 2015, again owing to the
decline in oil prices, but had since then bounced back with moderate, though
positive, wage growth.
 The Global Wage Report 2018/19 also noted that a number of countries had
recently undertaken measures to strengthen their minimum wage with a view
to providing more adequate labour protection.
 South Africa announced the introduction of a national minimum wage in 2018,
while lawmakers in India were examining the possibility of extending the
legal coverage of the current minimum wage from workers in ‗scheduled‘
occupations to all wage employees in the country, the Global Wage Report
2018/19 said.
 The Global Wage Report 2018/19 added that wages grew higher and fast er in
less well-off countries last year than in richer nations, but salaries were still far
too low in the developing world.
 Pay rose by just 0.4 per cent during last year in advanced economies, but
grew at over four per cent in developing countries.
 Wages in developing countries are increasing more quickly than those in
higher-income countries.
 Overall, global wage growth declined to 1.8 per cent in 2017 from 2.4 per cent
in 2016. The findings are based on data from 136 countries.
 In the last 20 years, ave rage real wages have almost tripled in emerging and
developing G20 countries, the Global Wage Report 2018/19 also found, while
in advanced G20 countries, they increased by just nine per cent.
 For the first time, the Global Wage Report 2018/19 also focused on the global
gender pay gap, using data from 70 countries and some 80 per cent of
employees worldwide.
 Its findings indicated that despite some significant regional differences, men
continue to be paid around 20 per cent more than women —ǁperhaps the
biggest single injustice in the world of work , Ryder said.
 In high-income countries the gender pay gap was at its biggest in top-salaried
positions.

 In low- and middle-income countries, however, the gap was widest among
lower-paid workers, the Global Wage Repo rt 2018/19 found.
 Its data also suggested that traditional explanations for this—such as
differences in the levels of education between men and women who work —
played only a limited role in explaining gender pay gaps.
 The wages of both men and women also tend to be lower in enterprises and
occupations with a predominantly female workforce.
 To reduce gender pay gaps, more emphasis should be placed on ensuring
equal pay for women and men, and on addressing the lower value placed on
women‘s work.
92. Global Report on Trafficking in Persons

 A Global Report on Trafficking in Persons launched by the United Nations
Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) provides new information on a crime
that shames us all.
 Based on data gathered from 155 countries, it offers the first global assessment
of the scope of human trafficking and what is being done to fight it.
 It includes: an overview of trafficking patterns; legal steps taken in response;
and country-specific information on reported cases of trafficking in persons,
victims, and prosecutions.
 According to the Report, the most common form of human trafficking (79%) is
sexual exploitation. The victims of sexual exploitation are predominantly
women and girls. Surprisingly, in 30% of the countries which provided
information on the gender of traffickers, women make up the largest
proportion of traffickers. In some parts of the world, women trafficking women
is the norm.
 The second most common form of human trafficking is forced labour (18%),
although this may be a misrepresentation because forced labour is less
frequently detected and reported than trafficking for sexual exploitation.
 Worldwide, almost 20% of all trafficking victims are children. However, in
some parts of Africa and the Mekong region, children are the majority (up to
100% in parts of West Africa).
 The United Nations Protocol against Trafficking in Persons - the foremost
international agreement in this area - entered into force in 2003. The Report
shows that in the past few years the number of Member States seriously
implementing the Protocol has more than doubled (from 54 to 125 out of the
155 States covered). However, there are still many countries that lack the
necessary legal instruments or political will.
93. Trafficking in Person Report

 There are 25 million adults and children suffering from labour and sex
trafficking all over the world. In 77% of the cases, victims are trafficked within
their own countries of residence, rather than across borders.
 The number of victims trafficked domestically was high compared to foreign
victims being trafficked in all regions of the world except Western and
Central Europe, the Middle East, and certain East Asian countries.
 Victims of sex trafficking were more likely to be trafficked across borders
while victims of forced labour were typically exploited within their own
countries.
 The report stresses on the implementation of the Palermo Protocol. The
countries need building legal frameworks to prosecute traffickers and
provide care for survivors

 India is placed in Tier 2: The government demonstrated overall increasing
efforts compared to the previous reporting period. The report highlights
efforts by the government to crack down on trafficking and convicting
traffickers.
The government took some action following reports of government co mplicity
in forced labour and sex trafficking, although the systemic failure to address
forced labour and sex trafficking in government-run and government-funded
shelter homes remained a serious problem. The report also highlighted the
government‘s failures in this regard.
 Recommendations for India: It includes amending the definition of trafficking
in Section 370 of the Penal Code to include forced labour trafficking and
ensure that force, fraud, or coercion are not required to prove a child sex
trafficking offence,
 To establish Anti-Human Trafficking Units in all districts with dedicated
funding and clear mandates.
94. India Exclusion Report

 Released by Centre for Equity studies on the 70th anniversary of the Indian
Constitution, the report studies the role o f the state and non-state actors in
facilitating exclusion of several sections of the society and denying them
access to public goods.
 The report studies the role of the state and non-state actors in facilitating
exclusion of several sections of the society and denying them access to the
public goods, something that must be measured from the stand point of the
values enshrined in the Constitution.
 On the exclusion of the social groups being deprived of the public goods and
services, the IXR found that the dalits, adivasis, Muslims, women, and persons
with disabilities are the are prime targets.
 To speak of the numbers, the report notes that around 44% of children
belonging to ST communities are stunned while it is no different for the SC
community where the figure stands at 43%.
 On the jobs front, according to the report, members of India‘s disadvantaged
communities continue to face structural bias as far as access to jobs is
concerned and enjoy lower earnings than their upper-caste counterparts.
 In addition to this, further studies published in the report underscores the
significance of public transport to socially include marginal sections of the
society. In this regard, the author also criticises the structures of an Indian city
where distance to bus stops has increased for 72% of the households and the
bus frequency has decreased giving rise to the exclusion of the low income
groups.
95. India Innovation Index

 NITI (National Institution for Transforming India) Ayog with the Institute for
Competitiveness has released the India Innovation Index 2019.
 The index goes beyond traditional approaches for measuring innovation such
as patents per million of population, publication in scientific journals,
percentage of GDP spending on research and adds parameters that are
specific to the Indian economy (eg. Demographic dividend), to give it a
more holistic coverage.
 The India Innovation Index 2019 is calculated as the average of the scores of
its two dimensions - Enablers and Performance.
 The Enablers examine innovative capacities: Human Capital, Investment,
Knowledge Workers, Busin ess Environment, and Safety and Legal
Environment.

 The Performance captures benefits that a nation derives from the inputs:
Knowledge Output and Knowledge Diffusion.
 Karnataka‘s top position is partly attributed to its top rank in the Performance
dimension.
 Maharashtra performs the best in the dimension of Enablers
 The top ten major states are majorly concentrated in southern and western
India.
 Among the North-Eastern states and Union territories, Sikkim and
Delhi occupy the top spots respectively.
 Delhi, Karnataka, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Telangana, and Uttar Pradesh are
the most efficient states in translating inputs into output.
 In terms of attracting investment, Karnataka topped the index among major
states, followed by Maharashtra, Haryana, Kerala, Tam il Nadu, Gujarat,
Telangana, Rajasthan, and Uttar Pradesh.
96. Indian State of Forest Report

 The report is published by the Forest Survey of India (FSI) which has been
mandated to assess the forest and tree resources of the country including wall -
to-wall forest cover mapping in a biennial cycle. Starting 1987, 16 assessment
have been completed so far. ISFR 2019 is the 16th report in the series
 The total forest and tree cover of the country is 80.73 million hectare which is
24.56 percent of the geographical area of the country.
Key Findings:
 Area-wise Madhya Pradesh has the largest forest cover in the country
followed by Arunachal Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Maharashtra. In
terms of forest cover as percentage of total geographical area, the top five
States are Mizoram (85.41%), Arunachal Pradesh (79.63%), Meghalaya
(76.33%), Manipur (75.46%) and Nagaland (75.31%).

 The Mangrove ecosystems are unique & rich in biodiversity and they provide
numerous ecological services. Mangrove cover has been separately rep orted
in the ISFR 2019 and the total mangrove cover in the country is 4,975 sq km.
An increase of 54 sq Km in mangrove cover has been observed as compared
to the previous assessment of 2017. Top three states showing mangrove cover
increase are Gujarat (37 sq km) followed by Maharashtra (16 sq km) and
Odisha (8 sq km).
 The total growing stock of India‘s forest and TOF is estimated 5,915.76 million
cum of which 4,273.47 million cum is inside the forests and 1,642.29 million
cum outside. There is an increase o f 93.38 million cum of total growing stock,
as compared to the previous assessment. Out of this the increase in growing
stock, there is an increase of 55.08 million cum inside the forests and 38.30
million cum outside the forest areas.
 The extent of bamboo bearing area of the country has been estimated 16.00
million hectare. There is an increase of 0.32 million hectare in bamboo
bearing area as compared to the last assessment of ISFR 2017. The total
estimated green weight of bamboo culms is 278 million tonnes, slowly an
increase of 88 million tonnes as compared to ISFR 2017.
 Under the current assessment the total carbon stock in country‘s forest is
estimated 7,124.6 million tonnes and there an increase of 42.6 million tonnes
in the carbon stock of country as compared to the last assessment of 2017. The
annual increase in the carbon stock is 21.3 million tonnes, which is 78.2 million
tonnes CO2 eq.
 Wetlands within forest areas form important ecosystems and add richness to
the biodiversity in forest areas, both of faunal and floral species. Due to
importance of wetlands, FSI has carried out an exercise at the national level to
identify wetlands of more than 1 ha within RFA. There are 62,466 wetlands
covering 3.8% of the area within the RFA/GW of the country.
97. Industrial Development Report

 Published by United Nation Industrial Development Organization
 Theme : Industrializing in the Digital Age
 The emergence and diffusion of advanced digital production (ADP) technologies
clustered around the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) is radically altering the
nature of manufacturing production, increasingly blurring the boundaries
between physical and digital production systems. The significant requirements
of ADP technologies are opening questions on whether industrialization is still a

feasible or even a desirable strategy to achieve economic development. IDR
2020 contributes to this debate by presenting fresh analytical and empirical
evidence on the future of industrialization in the context of a technological
paradigm shift. It argues that industrialization continues to be the main avenue
for successful development and analyses how developing counties can leverage
the salient features of the emerging technologies to their advantage. According
to the report, it is pre cisely by engaging with industrialization that countries can
build and strengthen the skills and capabilities needed to compete and succeed
within the new technological paradigm.
98. National Air Quality Index

 The National Air Quality Index (AQI) in India was launched on 17 September
2014 in New Delhi under the Swachh Bharat Abhiyan
 The air quality index is composed of 8 pollutants ((PM10, PM2.5, NO2, SO2,
CO, O3, NH3, and Pb).
99. Health Index : Healthy State Progressive India

 The report has been developed by NITI Aayog, with technical assistance from
the World Bank, and in consultation with the Ministry of Health and Family
Welfare (MoHFW) .
 The report ranks states and Union territories innovatively on their year -on-year
incremental change in health outcomes, as well as, their overall performance
with respect to each other.
 It aims to establish an annual systematic tool to measure and understand the
heterogeneity and complexity of the nation’s performance in Health .
 The Health Index is a weighted composite Index, which for the larger States, is
based on indicators in three domains: (a) Health Outcomes (70%); (b)
Governance and Information (12%); and (c) Key Inputs and Processes (18%),
with each domain assigned a weight based on its importance.
Performance
 Kerala has emerged as the top-ranking state in terms of overall health
performance.
 Uttar Pradesh is the worst when it comes to overall health performance.
 Gujarat, Punjab and Himachal Pradesh stood at fourth, fifth and sixth spots.
 Kerala, Andhra Pradesh and Ma harashtra have emerged as the top ranking
states based on historical performance across health indicators.
 Haryana, Rajasthan and Jharkhand top the index based on incremental
performance.
 Among the UTs, Chandigarh jumped one spot to top the list with a sco re of
(63.62), followed by Dadra and Nagar Haveli (56.31), Lakshadweep (53.54),
Puducherry (49.69), Delhi (49.42), Andaman and Nicobar (45.36) and Daman
and Diu (41.66).

 Only about half the States and UTs showed an improvement in the overall
score between 2015-16 (base year) and 2017-18 (reference year).
 Among the eight Empowered Action Group States, only three States —
Rajasthan, Jharkhand and Chhattisgarh — showed improvement in the overall
performance.
100. Network Readiness Index

 The World Economic Forum's Networked Readiness Index (NRI), also referred
to as Technology Readiness, measures the propensity for countries to exploit
the opportunities offered by information and communications technology
(ICT). It is published in collaboration with INSEAD, as part of their
annual Global Information Technology Report (GITR). The report is regarded
as the most authoritative and comprehensive assessment of how ICT impacts
the competitiveness and well-being of nations.
 The Network Readiness Index 2019 ranks a total of 121 economies. A total of
62 indicators have been identified for the NRI 2019. Of these indicators, 40 are
hard/quantitative data, 12 are index/composite indicator data, and 10 are
survey/qualitative data.
 Sweden, Singapore and Netherland occupied the first three position in that
order
 In 2019, due to some internal reorganizations and changed priorities , the WEF
handed over the production of the NRI to its original editors Soumitra
Dutta and Bruno Lanvin.
101. Quality of Living

 Released by Mercer
 Globally, Vienna tops the ranking for the 10th year running, closely followed
by Zurich, the runner -up.
 This year, Mercer provides a separate ranking on personal safety. Western
Europe dominates the ranking, with Luxembourg named as the safest city in
the world.
 London has been named the UK‘s best city to live in.
 Indian cities: Chennai, the capital of Tamil Nadu is ranked at 105 in Mercer‘s
Quality Of Living Index and is the number one city from India. Bengalur u was
the second best with the ranking of 149.
102. Red Data Book

 The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, founded in 1964, is the world‘s most
comprehensive inventory of the global conservation status of biological
species.
 When discussing the IUCN Red List, the official term ―threatened is a
grouping of three categories: Critically Endangered, Endangered, and
Vulnerable.
 The pink pages in this publication include the critically endangered species.
 As the status of the species changes, new pages are sent to the subscribers.
 Green pages are used for those species that were formerly endangered but
have now recovered to a point where they are no longer threatened.
 With passing time, the number of pink pages continue to increase.

 The list is updated by Zoological Survey of India (ZSI) from time to time as per
the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), 1996.
 BirdLife International is the official Red List authority for birds, for the
International Union for Conservation of Nature.
 Red list for Plants is published by Botanical Survey of India
103. Report Card on Swacch Bharat Mission

 Prepared by Quality Council of India
 a survey was conducted in 4626 villages from May to June, 2017, spread out
across all states of India. In addition, 200 Namami Gange villages were also
assessed to check the actual coverage of rural sanitation. The survey was
aimed at providing a third-party evaluation for the implementation of the SBM-
G and also validate or repudiate the data received by the Ministry from
various other surveys and sources.
 Of the 4626 villages surveyed, it was observed that overall toilet coverage is
62.45%.
 It was observed from the survey results that, of the households having access
to a toilet, 91.29% households use it.
 There are several reasons for the households having access to a toilet and yet
they still defecate in open. The most prevalent reason for open defecation
despite having access to a toilet is Habit of the households (51.02%). The
second most prominent response for reason of open defecation is Any Other
(31.97%) which include reasons like Under-Construction toilets, Broken toilet
seat, Overflowing pits etc. The following charts details the prominent reasons,
as given by the households, for practisin g open defecation despite having
access to toilet.
104. Report on Regular Resources

 UNICEF‘s Regular Resources (RR) are unearmarked and flexible funds that are
invaluable in fulfilling the vital mandate of the organization. This report
presents key results achieved with RR in the course of the year, highlights
revenue and expense trends, and acknowledges the generosity of
government and private-sector donors.
105. Residex
 It is the country‘s first official housing price index (HPI). It captures
movements in the prices of resdential real estate prices.
 It is prepared by National Housing Bank
106. Rule of Law Index

 The World Justice Project Rule of Law Index® is the world‘s leading source for
original, independent data on the rule of law. Covering 128 countries and
jurisdictions, the Index relies on national surveys of more than 130,000
households and 4,000 legal practitioners and experts to measure how the rule
of law is experienced and perceived worldwide.
 Denmark, Norway, and Finland topped the WJP Rule of Law Index
rankings in 2020.
 India dropped 7 places to 69th rank with a scoe of 0.51
 More countries declined than improved in overall rule of law performance for
a third year in a row, continuing a negative slide toward weakening and
stagnating rule of law around the world. The majority of countries showing
deteriorating rule of law in the 2020 Index also declined in the previous year,
demonstrating a persistent downward trend. This was particularly

pronounced in the Index factor measuring Constraints on Government
Powers.
 The declines were widespread and seen in all corners of the world. In every
region, a majority of countries slipped backward or remained unchanged in
their overall rule of law performance since the 2019 WJP Rule of Law Index.
107. School Education Quality Index

 National Institution for Transforming India (NITI) Aayog has released the first
edition of the School Education Quality Index (SEQI) to evaluate the
performance of States and Union Territories (UTs) in the school education
sector.
 Developed through a collaborative process including key stakeholders such
as the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD), the World Bank and
sector experts, the index consists of 30 critical indicators that assess the
delivery of quality education.
 Larger States : Topped by Kerala and Uttar Pradesh was last
 Smaller States : Manipur became first
 Union Territories: Chandigarh emerged first
 West Bengal refused to participate

108. Service Trade Restrictiveness Index
 Launched in 2014, the OECD‘s Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (STRI)
provides information on regulations affecting trade in services in 22 sectors
across all OECD member countries and Brazil, the People‘s Republic of China,
Costa Rica, India, Indonesia, Malaysia, the Russian Federation, and South
Africa. The countries and sectors represent over 80% of global trade i n
services.
 The 22 sectors include computer services, air transport, legal services,
construction etc.
 Composite STRI indices for each country and sector in the STRI that quantify
restrictions on foreign entry and the movement of people, barriers to
competition, regulatory transparency and other discriminatory measures that
impact the ease of doing business (see country and sector notes below).
 Composite STRI indices to measure the regulatory environment for digitally
enabled services (Digital STRI) and the European Economic Area (intra-EEA
STRI).
 The OECD Digital Services Trade Restrictiveness Index (Digital STRI) is a new
tool that identifies, catalogues, and quantifies cross -cutting barriers that affect
services traded digitally. It consists of two compon ents, the regulatory
database and indices, which bring together comparable information from 46
countries..
 The STRI indices take values between zero and one, one being the most
restrictive.
 The regulatory database and indices are updated annually in December.
 Grievances by India:
 A study commissioned by the Commerce Ministry has found that this index
has a large number of design issues that render it impractical for use.
 For example, the index seems to show the Indian services sector as one of the
most restrictive, particularly in policy areas like foreign entry. This seems
surprising as since 1991, the one area that has seen maximum liberalisation in
India is FDI.
 India has approached several developing countries during the recently -
concluded WTO talks in New Delhi to try to build consensus around the new
method of measuring trade restrictiveness in the services sector.
109. State of Food Security & Nutrition

The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World is an annual flagship
report jointly prepared by Food and Agriculture Organization of the United
Nations (FAO), the International Fund for Agricultural Development (IFAD),
the United Nations Children‘s Fund (UNICEF), the World Food Programme
(WFP) and the World Health Organization (WHO) to inform on progress
towards ending hunger, achieving food security and improving nutrition and
to provide in-depth analysis on key challenges for achieving this goal in the
context of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. The report targets a
wide audience, including policy-makers, international organizations,
academic institutions and the general public.
 The 2019 edition continues to signal that significant challenges remain in the
fight against food insecurity and malnutrition in all its forms.
Among other highlights, this edition finds that:
 More than 820 million people in the world were still hungry in 2018,
underscoring the immense challenge of achieving the Zero Hunger target by
2030.

 Hunger is on the rise in almost all African subregions, making Africa the
region with the highest prevalence of undernourishment. Hunger is also
slowly rising in Latin America and the Caribbean, while Western Asia shows a
continuous increase since 2010, with more than 12 percent of its population
undernourished today.
 A greater focus on overweight and obesity, including child overweight and
adult obesity, is needed to better understand the different dimensions of these
nutrition challenges.
 The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2019 also presents an in-
depth analysis of the impacts of economic slowdowns and downturns on food
security and nutrition.
 The report calls for action to safeguard food security and nutrition through
economic and social policies that help counteract the effects of such
slowdowns and downturns – including guaranteeing funding of social safety
nets and ensuring universal access to health and education. It calls for action,
as well, to tackle inequalities at all levels through multisectoral policies
making it possible to more sustainably avert foo d insecurity and malnutrition.
110. State of Global Air

 US based institutes Health Effects Institute (HEI) and Institute for Health
Metrics and Evaluation (IHME) jointly released the report
 Overall long-term exposure to outdoor and indoor air pollution contributed to
nearly five million deaths from stroke, diabetes, heart attack, lung cancer and
chronic lung disease in 2017
 Nearly half of the world‘s population, a total of 3.6 billion people — were
exposed to household air pollution in 2017.
 India and China are collectively accounted for more than 50% of global 5
million deaths due to air pollution.
 Major PM2.5 sources in India include household burning of solid fuels; dust
from construction, roads, and other activities; industrial and power plant
burning of coal; brick production; transportation; and diesel-powered
equipment.
 An estimated 846 million people in India (60% of the population) and 452
million people in China (32% of the population) were exposed to
household air pollution in 2017.
111. State of Global Climate Report

 On the sidelines of the 25th Conference of Parties (CoP25) of the UN Climate
Conference in Madrid, the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) had
released a provisional statement on the State of Global Climate Report.

 According to the report, the year 2019 will become the second or third most
warmest year on record.
 In 2019, the average global temperature was 1.1° Celsius above the pre -
industrial period (1850-1900).
 It cited the 48°Celsius temperature recorded in June 2019 in New Delhi and
other such extreme temperatures across the country as an example for
unusual temperature rise across the globe.
 As per the report, 2019 may not breach 2016‘s record for being the most
warmest year on record as many European countries recorded normal
temperatures.
 But the report noted that the average five -year period between 2015-19 and
the ten-year period between 2010-19 are certainly to be the warmest periods
on record.
 From retreating ice and rising sea levels, the report noted that 2019 ends a
decade of exceptional global heat.
 It further noted that the world is fast exhausting its carbon budget. In 2018, the
concentrations of the CO2 in the atmosphere reached 407.8 parts per million
(ppm) and it continued to rise in 2019.The carbon budget is the tolerable
amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
 According to Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), for a 50%
chance of avoiding temperature rise by 2°C or more above pre -industrial
levels, the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere should remain under 450
parts per million.
 From 277 ppm in 1750 to 405 ppm in 2017, the increase was 46%. In 2018, it
was 407.8 ppm and scientists are estimating that it could have reached 410
ppm in 2019.
 This means the will soon exhaust its carbon budget if immediate steps are not
taken to reduce carbon emissions.
112. Technical Cooperation Report

 The IAEA annually issues a Technical Cooperation Report to its Board of
Governors, typically in June, to cover the preceding year. A summary of the
report is issued to highlight the main achievements and developments.

113. Future of Rail Report
 A report published by the International Energy Agency (IEA) has stated that
Indian railways will account for nearly 40% of total global rail activity by 2050.
 The IEA prepared the report titled The Future of Rail in conjunction with the
International Union of Railways (UIC).
 Investments in Indian urban rail infrastructure are estimated to reach nearly
$190bn by 2050. Along with the development of high -speed rail, fuel
expenditures are estimated to reduce by nearly $450bn.
 As a result, India can save up to $64bn on fuel expenses by that time.
 The report stated that the rail sector carries 8% of passengers across the
world and 7% of global freight movement. However, it utilises 2% of the total
transport energy demand in the world, signifying its efficiency.
114. The Global report

 The Global Report presents the work carried out by UNHCR in 2018 to protect
and improve the lives of tens of millions of people of concern—refugees,
returnees, internally displaced people, stateless persons, and others of
concern.
 This Report highlights the year‘s achievements, as well as challenges fa ced by
the organization and its partners, in attempting to respond to multiple life-
threatening crises and ever-growing humanitarian needs.
115. State of World Children Report

Flagship report of the UNICEF
 2019 theme is Children, food and nutrition: Growing w ell in a changing world
 For the first time in 20 years, UNICEF‘s flagship report examines the issue of
children, food and nutrition, providing a fresh perspective on a rapidly
evolving challenge.
 This 2019 edition of The State of the World’s Children (SOWC) examines the
issue of children, food and nutrition, providing a fresh perspective on a
rapidly evolving challenge. Despite progress in the past two decades, one
third of children under age 5 are malnourished – stunted, wasted or
overweight – while two thirds are at risk of malnutrition and hidden hunger
because of the poor quality of their diets. At the center of this challenge is a
broken food system that fails to provide children with the diets they need to
grow healthy. This report also provides new da ta and analyses of malnutrition
in the 21st century and outlines recommendations to put children‘s rights at
the heart of food systems.
 Globalization, urbanization, inequities, humanitarian crises and climate shocks
are driving unprecedented negative chang es in the nutrition situation of
children around the world.
India specific:
 In India, every second child is affected by some form of malnutrition.
 35% of Indian children suffer from stunting due to lack of nutrition, 17% suffer
from wasting, 33% are underw eight and 2% are overweight.
 Among countries in South Asia, India fares the worst (54%) on prevalence of
children under five who are either stunted, wasted or overweight.
 It has the highest burden of deaths among children under five per year, with
over 8 lakh deaths in 2018.
 One in five children under age 5 has vitamin A deficiency, which is a severe
health problem in 20 states.
 Every second woman in the country is anaemic, as are 40.5% children.
 One in ten children are pre -diabetic.

 Poverty, urbanisation as well as climate change are some of the factors that
are driving poor diet.
116. Trends in World Military Expenditure

 Worldwide, military expenditure rose by 2.6% from 2017 to reach $1.8 trillion
in 2018, according to SIPRI data. The U.S. registered a substantial rise in
spending for the first time since 2010.
 India's spending rose by 3.1%, while Pakistan's military spending rose by
11%.
 The five biggest spenders were the U.S., China, Saudi Arabia, India and
France. Saudi Arabia was third on the list despite spending 6.5% lesser than
2017.
117. Women Business and Law

 Women, Business and the Law (WBL) is a World Bank Group project
collecting unique data on the laws and regulations that restrict women‘s
economic opportunities.It analyzes laws and regulations affecting
women‘s economic inclusion in 190 economies.
 Indicators : Mobility, Workplace, Pay, Marriage, Parenthood,
Entrepreneurship, Assets, and Pension
 No economy in ‗East Asia and the Pacific‘, ‗Europe and Central Asia‘, or
‗Latin America and the Caribbean‘ were among top reformers, the
report claimed.
 Only eight economies scored a perfect 100 —Belgium, Canada, Denmark,
France, Iceland, Latvia, Luxembourg, and Sweden. Those countries have
ensured equal legal standing to men and women on all the eight
indicators of the index.
 The global average was 75.2 — a slight increase from 73.9 in the previous
index released in 2017.
 India is placed 117th among 190 countries.
118. Digital Competitiveness

 The Ranking, produced by the International Institute for Management
Development (IMD) World Competitiveness Center, measures the capacity
and readiness of 63 nations to adopt and explore digital technologies as a key
driver for economic transformation in business, government and wider
society.
 To evaluate an economy, WDCR examines three factors:
 Knowledge: the capacity to understand and learn the new technologies;
 Technology: the competence to develop new digital innovations;
 Future readiness: the preparedness for the coming developments.
 India has jumped four places from 48th place in 2018 to 44th rank in 2019 in
World Digital Competitiveness Ranking (WDCR).
 The US was ranked as the world's most digitally competitive economy,
followed by Singapore in second place.
119. World Report 2020

 World Report 2020 is Human Rights Watch‘s 30th annual review of human
rights practices around the globe.
 The 652-page volume reviews human rights practices and trends in nearly 100
countries.

 The report remarked on the Indian Government actions on Kashmir, the
National Registry of Citizenship exercise in Assam, Supreme Court ruling in
February 2019 to evict all those whose claims under the Forest Rights Act etc
120. World Malaria Report

 Published by World health Organistion
 The report provides a comprehensive update on global and regional malaria
data and trends including prevention, diagnosis, treatment, elimination and
surveillance.
 228 million cases of malaria are observed worldwide, down fro m 251 million
cases in 2010
 Incidence rate: It has declined globally between 2010 and 2018, from 71 to 57
cases per 1000 population.
 Deaths: The number of deaths due to malaria has decreased globally. (405,000
deaths in 2018 from 416,000 deaths in 2017).
 Incidence rate: India reported 2.6 million fewer cases in 2018 compared to
2017. Thus the overall incidence of malaria in the country has reduced.
 However, 7 states (Uttar Pradesh, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, West Bengal,
Gujarat, Odisha and Madhya Pradesh) account for about 90% of the burden of
malaria cases in India.
 Deaths: Overall number of deaths due to malaria in India have reduced.
121. Global burden of Diseases

 The study was initiated in the 1990s as a collaborative effort of hundreds of
experts worldwide, including researchers at the World Health Organization
(WHO), and the World Bank.
 ICMR conducted a survey as part of the study found that Child and maternal
malnutrition is still a leading cause of:
 Death Rate: Although, the death rate attributable to malnutrition in under -5
children, has dropped by two-thirds from 1990 to 2017. Malnutrition is,
however, still the underlying risk factor for 68% of the deaths, ranging
between a high of 72.7% in Bihar and a low of 50.8% in Kerala.
 Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALY): DALY rate attributable to
malnutrition in children varies 7-fold among the states — a gap between a
high of 74,782 in Uttar Pradesh and a low of 11,002 in Kerala.
 Anaemia: The prevalence of anaemia in women was at 54% in 2017.
122. Future of Work

 Published by International labour Organisation titled ǁWork for a brighter
futureǁ
 According to ILO, Globally 190 million people are unemployed, while 300
million workers live in extreme poverty. At the same time wage gaps are
growing at a time of declining wage growth.
 Technological advances – artificial intelligence, automation and robotics – will
create new jobs, but those who lose their jobs in this transition may be the
least equipped to seize the new opportunities.
 Adopting sustainable practices with clean technologies will create millions of
jobs but other jobs will disappear as countries scale back their carbon- and
resource-intensive industries.For example:
 Implementing the Paris Climate Agenda could create 24 million new jobs,
but it could still be brutal to the 6 million workers expected to lose their
jobs in the transition to a greener economy.
 Changes in demographics are significant as expanding youth populations in
some parts of the world and ageing populations in others may place pressure

on labour markets and social security systems, yet in these shifts li e new
possibilities to afford care and inclusive, active societies.
 The future of work requires a strong and responsive social protection
system based on the principles of solidarity and risk sharing, which supports
people‘s needs over the life cycle
 There is an urgent need to seize the opportunities presented by these
transformative changes to create a brighter future and deliver economic
security, equal opportunity and social justice – and ultimately reinforce the
fabric of our societies.
123. World Population Prospects

 'The World Population Prospects 2019: Highlights', published by the
Population Division of the UN Department of Economic and Social Affairs, said
the world's population is expected to increase by two billion people in the
next 30 years, from 7. 7 billion currently to 9.7 billion in 2050.
 India, projected to surpass China as the world's most populous country around
2027, is expected to add nearly 273 million people between now and 2050 and
will remain the most populated country through the end of the current century
 The world's population could reach its peak around the end of the current
century, at a level of nearly 11 billion, according to the study, which presents
the main results of the 26th round of the UN's global population estimates,
projections and global demographic patterns.
 More than half of the projected increase in the global population up to 2050
will be concentrated in just nine countries, led by India and followed
by Nigeria, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Tanzania,
Indonesia, Egypt and the US.
124. Climate Risk Index

 Released by environment think tank German watch
 India is the fifth most vulnerable country to climate change,
 In the Climate Risk Index 2020, India‘s rank has worsened from the 14th spot
in 2017 to 5th in 2018 in the global vulnerability ladder.
 India has also recorded the highest number of fatalities due to climate change
and the second highest monetary losses from its impact in 2018. India‘s high
rank is due to severe rainfalls, followed by heavy flooding and landslide that
killed over 1000 people.
 The report shows that extreme weather, linked with climate change, is not
only affecting poorer countries like Myanmar and Haiti, but also some of t he
world‘s richest countries. Japan is the worst -hit country in 2018 (the last year
covered by the data), while Germany and Canada were both also in the
‗bottom 10‘, that is, the most affected.
125. Sustainable Development Goal India Index

 Second edition released by Niti Aayog
 Measures progress made by India‘s States and Union Territories towards
achieving the 2030 SDG targets (16 out of 17 SDG against last year 13 out of17
SDG).
 States /UTs are classified based on the SDG India Index Score as follows:
Aspirant: 0–49
 Performer: 50–64
 Front Runner: 65–99
 Achiever: 100
 India's composite score improved from 57 in 2018 to 60 in 2019-20 with major
success in water and sanitation, power and industry.

 However, nutrition and gender equality continue to be problem areas for
India, requiring a more focused approach from the government
 The ranks of 14 states have dropped in the index compared to 2018.
 All states and union territories except for Delhi have scored above 65.
126. Gender Social Norm Index

 Released by UNDP
 How big and thick is the Glass Ceiling? New analysis suggests that it covers
all aspects of women‘s lives – including the household – and that it is
constructed, not of glass, but of pervasive bias and prejudice against women
held by both men and women worldwide.
 This index measures how social beliefs obstruct gender equality in areas like
politics, work, and education, and contains data from 75 countries, covering
over 80 percent of the world‘s population
 This new analysis reveals that, despite decades of pro gress closing the
equality gap between men and women, close to 90 percent of men and
women hold some sort of bias against women, providing new clues to the
invisible barriers women face in achieving equality, and a potential path
forward to shattering the Glass Ceiling
 According to the index, about half of the world‘s men and women feel that
men make better political leaders, and over 40 percent feel that men make
better business executives and that men have more right to a job when jobs
are scarce. 28 perc ent think it is justified for a man to beat his wife.
 This new analysis sheds light on why enormous ―power gaps still exist
between men and women in our economies, our political systems, and our
corporations despite real progress closing gender inequali ties in basic areas
of development like education and health; and the removal of legal barriers to
political and economic participation.
 2020 marks the 25th anniversary of the Beijing Declaration and Platform for
Action (Beijing+25), the most visionary agenda on women‘s empowerment to
date.

127. A New Era for Girls
 ‗A New era for girls: Taking stock on 25 years of progress‘ is a report recently
unveiled by UNICEF, Plan International and United Nations Women.
 Girls born today are expected to live eight years longer, yet we are still far
from the vision of gender equality set out in 1995. This report demonstrates
the need to focus on the realities girls face today and addresses the critical
issues of making sure girls have access to 12 years of education and the skills
they need for the workforce; ending gender -based violence, child marriage
and female genital mutilation (FGM); and improving girls‘ health and nutrition.
 The report reveals that though the rate of drop -outs for girls in schools has
decreased from 20% to 13.5% from 2008 to 2018, a greater empowerment has
not taken place. It also states that many girls still face an unequal violent
environment and one in every 20 girls in the age group of 15 -20 has
experienced rape, both within and outside marriage.
128. State Energy Efficiency Index

 The index has developed by the Bureau of Energy Efficiency (BEE) in
association with the Alliance for an Energy Efficient Economy (AEEE).
 It tracks the progress of Energy Efficiency (EE) initiatives in 36 states and union
territories based on 97 significant indicators.
 For a rational comparison, the States or Union Territories are grouped into four
groups based on the aggregated Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES) required
to meet the state‘s actual energy demand (electricity, co al, oil, gas, among
others) across sectors.
 The Index categorises states as ‘Front Runner’, ‘Achiever’, ‘Contender’ and
‘Aspirant’ based on their efforts and achievements towards energy efficiency
implementation.
 There isn‘t any ‘front runner’ state this y ear.
 Karnataka, HP, Haryana and Puducherry were the best performers.
 Manipur, Jharkhand, Rajasthan and Jammu and Kashmir were the least
performers.
129. All india Survey of Higher Education

 Published by Ministry Of Human resource and Development
 The female students constituted almost half (approx. 48.6%) of the total
enrolment in higher education.
 In U.P and Karnataka, more girls were enrolled than their male counterparts in
the higher education of the state.
 The number of female students per 100 male students has gone up from 90
(2017-18) to 95 in 2018-19.
 For the survey, 944 out of 993 universities listed on the AISHE portal, uploaded
the information during the 2018-19 survey.
 According to the findings, the total enrolment in higher education has been
estimated at around 37.4 million, with a marginal increase in the gross
enrolment ratio.
 The highest number of students are enrolled at the undergraduate level (at
around 79.8 %), followed by post -graduation (10.8 %). But a surge was
observed in integrated degree programmes.
 Integrated programmes are becoming more popular as they provide a better
foundation for the subject knowledge and practice.
 At the undergraduate level, the highest number of students were enrolled
in Arts/Humanities/Social Sciences courses (approx. 35.9%), followed
by Science (16.5%), Commerce (14.1%) and Engineering and Technology
(13.5 %).

 Only 2.5% of the total number of colleges were running Doctorate
programmes and 35% had Post-graduate level courses.
 Out of the total number of colleges in India, only 11.04% are exclusively there
for female students.
 According to the report, the percentage of women saw a steady rise in
language courses, while on the other hand, men are opting for courses which
can fetch them immediate employment, like tha t of courses in the field of
Science and Technology.
 The share of female students was the lowest in the Institutions of National
Importance

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PROMINENT GLOBAL

INDEX AND REPORTS

Join our Aim Civils PROMINENT GLOBAL

https://t.me/aimcivilservices INDEX AND REPORTS

TO ACCESS REGULAR RESOURCE MATERIALS

Join our ARAM IAS TownHall

TO ATTEND DAY TO DAY QUIZ

2. GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK

3. WORLD INVESTMENT REPORT

4. WORLD DRUG REPORT

5. WORL D ECONOMIC OUTLOOK

6. GLOBAL HUNGER INDEX

7. END OF CHILDHOOD INDEX

8. GLOBAL FINANCIAL STABILITY REPORT

9. FINANCIAL STABILITY REPORT

10. ASIAN DEVELOPMENT OUTLOOK

11. INCLUSIVE DEVELOPMENT INDEX

12. GLOBAL COMPETITVENESS INDEX

13. GENDER GAP INDEX

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15. WORLD DEVELOPMENT REPORT

16. GLOBAL INNOVATION INDEX

17. HUMAN DEVELOPMENT INDEX

18. GENDER INEQUALITY INDEX

19. DEMOCRACY INDEX

20. ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE INDEX

21. GLOBAL PEACE INDEX

22. GLOBAL SLAVERY INDEX

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24. WORLD HAPPINESS REPORT

25. GLOBAL MULTID IMENSIONAL POVERTY INDEX

26. WORLD PRESS FREEDOM INDEX

27. GLOBAL NUTRITION REPORT

28. GLOBAL ECONOMIC PROSPECT REPORT

29. MIGRATION AND REMITTANCE REPORT

30. GLOBAL FINANCIAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT

31. REGULATORY INDICATORS FOR SUSTAINABLE ENERGY

32. LOGISTICS PERFORMANCE INDEX

33. GLOBAL HUMAN CAPITAL INDEX

34. GLOBAL ENABLING TRADE REPORT

35. GLOBAL GENDER GAP INDEX

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37. INTERNATIONAL INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY INDEX

38. GLOBAL LIVEABILITY INDEX

39. GLOBAL TALENT COMPETITIVENESS I NDEX

40. MULTIDIMENSIONAL POVERTY STATUS

41. THE LIVING PLANET REPORT

42. THE ENERGY REPORT

43. GLOBAL PRESS FREEDOM INDEX

44. DEATH PENALTY REPORT

45. CLIMATE CHANGE PERFORMANCE INDEX

46. WORLD ENERGY OUTLOOK

47. WORLD INTE LLECTUAL PROPERTY REPORT

48. WORLD MIGRATION REPORT

49. GREENHOUSE GAS BULLETIN

50. GLOBAL MANUFACTURING REPORT

51. GLOBAL ENERGY ARCHITECTURE PERFORMANCE INDEX

52. AMBIENT AIR POLLUTION REPORT

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54. THE RISE OF ENVIRONMENTAL CRIME REPORT

55. EMISSION GAP REPORT

56. THE WORLD EMPLOYMENT AND SOCIAL OUTLOOK

57. WORLD SOCIAL PROTECTION REPORT