Unit I

Mobile Application
Introduction of Mobile Applications
Examples: Whatsapp, Instagram, swiggy, etc

Mobile apps are majorly developed for 3 Operating System. :

1. Android
2. IOS
3. Windows

There are 3 different ways to develop Mobile apps: –

1. 1st Party Native App development

2. Progressive web Application
3. Cross-Platform Application
1st Party Native App development
● runs only in the OS that it is specifically designed for
● android apps are normally coded using Java or Kotlin languages
○ IDE- Android Studio
● IOS apps are generally coded in Swift language or Objective-C
○ IDE - XCode

Advantages of 1st Party Native App development:

● The performances of these apps are very high, these apps are very fast compared to
any other apps.
● We have easy access to all the features and APIs.
● The community is widespread so all your doubts and errors can be discussed and
solved easily.
● Updates are available on the same day.
Disadvantages of 1st Party Native App development:

● The development speed is too slow as we have to code it again for different OS.
● And this category doesn’t support open source.
Progressive web Application
● These are website which runs locally on your device
● The technologies used are Microsoft Blazor, React, Angular JS, Native Script, Iconic

Advantages of Progressive web Application:

● Its development speed is fast the same code base is used for IOS, Android, web
applications.
● The web development team can be repurposed to develop the mobile application.
● No installation required.
Disadvantages of Progressive web Application:

● They don’t have access to all the feature and so the user experience is not that good
IOS does not support all the features of PWA
● The UI for development is bespoke i.e. the buttons, edit texts need to be programmed
which was not necessary for the 1st party native Apps.
● The community is not that wide spread.
● No extra room for business model i.e. it is still a challenge to develop a revenue model
or advertising opportunities for PWAs. At the moment, there are fewer options than
among native apps to subscribe to.
 Cross-Platform Application
● allow developing total native applications which have access to all the native features
of IOS and Android but with the same code base
● These apps run on both Android and IOS.
● So normally the development speeds of these apps are very fast and the maintenance
cost is low.
● The performance speed is comparatively low to 1st party native apps but faster than
PWA.
Cross platform solution Languages IDE

Xamarin (Microsoft) C#, F# Visual Studio

React Native (Facebook) JavaScript WebStrom & Visual Studio

Code

Flutter (Google) Dart Android Studio, IntelliJ IDE,

and Visual Studio Code
Advantages of Cross-Platform Application:

● The apps’ development speed is very high as they use the same code base for both
Android and IOS.
● The apps’ maintenance cost is low as the errors and updates as to be countered only
once.

Disadvantages of Cross-Platform Application:

● Slow Code Performance With Limited Tool Availability.

● Limited User Experience i.e. these apps does not have access to Native only features.
Embedded Systems
● a combination of computer hardware and software designed for a specific
function
● programmable or have a fixed functionality
● range from having no user interface (UI) to complex graphical user
interfaces (GUIs) and some systems use remote user interfaces
● Chip manufacturers for embedded systems -Apple, IBM, Intel and Texas
Instruments
● Examples of embedded systems:
○ Automobiles
○ Mobile phones
○ Industrial machines
○ Medical equipments
 How does Embedded Systems work?

● Embedded systems always function as part of a complete device

● They are low-cost, low-power-consuming, small computers that are
embedded in other mechanical or electrical systems.
● They comprise a processor, power supply, and memory and communication
ports
● The processor may be a microprocessor or microcontroller
● SoCs include multiple processors and interfaces on a single chip. They are
often used for high-volume embedded systems.
● Some example SoC types are the application-specific integrated circuit
(ASIC) and the field-programmable gate array (FPGA).
● use a real-time operating system (RTOS) to communicate with the hardware
● stripped-down versions of the Linux operating system are commonly
deployed
Characteristics of Embedded Systems
● The main characteristic of embedded systems is that they are task-specific.

Additionally, embedded systems can include the following characteristics:

● typically, consist of hardware, software and firmware;

● can be embedded in a larger system to perform a specific function, as they are built for
specialized tasks within the system, not various tasks;
● can be either microprocessor-based or microcontroller-based -- both are integrated
circuits that give the system compute power;
● are often used for sensing and real-time computing in internet of things (IoT) devices,
which are devices that are internet-connected and do not require a user to operate;
● can vary in complexity and in function, which affects the type of software, firmware
and hardware they use; and
● are often required to perform their function under a time constraint to keep the larger
system functioning properly.
Structure of embedded systems

Three main elements of embedded systems:

● Hardware
● Software and Firmware
● Real time OS
Types of Embedded Systems
● Mobile embedded systems
● Networked embedded systems
● Standalone embedded systems
● Real-time embedded systems

Embedded systems can also be categorized by their performance

requirements:

○ Small-scale embedded systems

○ Medium-scale embedded systems
○ Sophisticated-scale embedded systems
Market and Business Drivers for Mobile
Applications
● USD 187.58 billion in 2021
● Projected to grow at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 13.4% from 2022 to
2030
● Market drivers -gaming, mobile health and fitness, music and entertainment, social
networking, retail and e-commerce, and others
● Technology drivers-smart phones, internet usage, AI and ML
● E-commerce
● Games such as Pokémon Go use sensors such as motion sensors, gyroscopes, and
accelerometers in tablets and smartphones to ensure the capability of Augmented
Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR)
● three revenue models - in-game purchases, paid game applications, and in-app
advertisements
● 5 to 10% of gamers are willing to pay for game applications, which is a double-digit
increase from 2018.
● Example of in-app purchases - Pokémon GO, Candy Crush Saga, and Clash of Clans
● recent coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak, the social media-, gaming-, and
entertainment-based applications had the highest number of downloads compared to
other applications.
● Furthermore, the demand for e-commerce, healthcare, and educational applications
has also witnessed strong growth.
● In educational apps, the shift to remote learning has provided lucrative growth
opportunities to several online portals and tech companies such as Google Classroom,
Zoom, and Microsoft Teams.
● Store Type Insights
○ The Apple Store segment had the largest market share, accounting for more than
62.88 percent of global revenue in 2021.
○ in terms of the number of downloads, the Google Play store segment accounted
for the highest share in 2021
● Application Insights
○ gaming application segment - more than 42.94% in 2021
○ the three main Operating System (OS) platforms used to create mobile games
are iOS, Android, and Windows
○ The number of games downloaded on Android OS in 2019 was large, but iOS
generated more revenue because paid games are more prevalent.
○ The music and entertainment application segment is projected to exhibit a
significant CAGR of around 13.9% from 2022 to 2030.
○ The segment includes music and entertainment applications such as Netflix, HBO
NOW, Tinder, Spotify, YouTube, Amazon Prime, and Hulu among others.
○ Live streaming apps such as Netflix, YouTube, and Instagram enable users to
broadcast live videos to a broader audience as well as engage them on daily
basis.
● Regional Insights
○ North America dominated the market and accounted for over 31.83% of the
revenue share in 2021. The high market share is accredited to the presence of
several players in the region, such as Apple Inc.; Hewlett Packard Enterprise;
Google LLC; Netflix Inc.; and Microsoft Corporation.
○ The Asia Pacific is expected to emerge as the fastest growing regional market
○ India and China are anticipated to remain the major markets
■ growing disposable income coupled with government initiatives such as
Digital India
■ availability of low-cost data usage packs and advancements in
networking
Publishing and Delivering Mobile
Applications
● Currently places for Android and iOS apps are,
respectively, Google Play and Apple’s App Store.
● significant user base is very important
● So, Publishing and Marketing is must
● App development partner assists in publishing
● As the App Owner should be aware of:
○ Launch A Beta Version Of Your App
○ Launching Your App
How Can You Submit Your App In The
App Store And Google Play Store?
Apple Store submission processes:

● Create an iOS profile & distribution certificate

● For your app create an iTunes Connect record
● Archive & upload your mobile app by Xcode
● Configure your mobile app’s metadata and other details in the iTunes
Connect record
● Submit your application for review
● Check on the app status
Google Play Store submission process:

● Get your mobile app information ready

● Upload the APK or mobile app bundle files for your application
● Set your mobile app’s content rating
● Set app’s pricing and
● Set a distribution plan
● Publish your application
Post Launch Activity

● Marketing
○ making attractive and informative videos that can show your app’s functionality
○ Spread it through social media/digital platforms
Requirements
Gathering and
Validation for
Mobile Application
Advantages to doing market research:

● It helps you to maintain a better understanding of your customers

● Get a clear idea about your competitors
● Helps you assess your product carefully before launch
● Helps you define how you can reach the audience?
● Identify the business opportunities
● Get a chance to discover the feature list and demands of the users
Well-known Techniques
● Brainstorming
● Document Analysis
● Focus Group
● Interface analysis
● Interview
● Observation
● Prototyping
● Requirement Workshops
● Reverse Engineering
● Survey/Questionnaire