Практична робота 1

I:
1. What is marketing?
Marketing refers to any actions a company takes to attract an audience to the
company's product or services through high-quality messaging. Marketing aims to
deliver standalone value for prospects and consumers through content, with the
long-term goal of demonstrating product value, strengthening brand loyalty, and
ultimately increasing sales.
2. Core marketing terms (needs, wants etc.) 
1. Needs:
Existence of unmet needs is precondition to undertake marketing activities.
Marketing tries to satisfy needs of consumers. Human needs are the state of felt
deprivation of some basic satisfaction. A need is the state of mind that reflects the
lack-ness and restlessness situation.
2. Wants:
Wants are the options to satisfy a specific need. They are desire for specific
satisfiers to meet specific need. For example, food is a need that can be satisfied by
variety of ways, such as sweet, bread, rice, sapati, puff, etc. These options are
known as wants. In fact, every need can be satisfied by using different options.
3. Demand:
Demand is the want for specific products that are backed by the ability and
willingness (may be readiness) to buy them. It is always expressed in relation to
time. All wants are not transmitted in demand. Such wants which are supported by
ability and willingness to buy can turn as demand.
4. Product:
Product can also be referred as a bundle of satisfaction, physical and psychological
both. Product includes core product (basic contents or utility), product-related
features (colour, branding, packaging, labeling, varieties, etc.), and product-related
services (after-sales services, guarantee and warrantee, free home delivery, free
repairing, and so on). So, tangible product is a package of services or benefits.
Marketer should consider product benefits and services, instead of product itself.
5. Utility (value), Cost, and Satisfaction:
Utility means overall capacity of product to satisfy need and want. It is a guiding
concept to choose the product. Every product has varying degree of utility. As per
level of utility, products can be ranked from the most need-satisfying to the least
need-satisfying.
Utility is the consumer’s estimate of the product’s overall capacity to satisfy
his/her needs. Buyer purchases such a product, which has more utility. Utility is,
thus, the strength of product to satisfy a particular need.
Cost means the price of product. It is an economic value of product. The charges a
customer has to pay to avail certain services can be said as cost. The utility of
product is compared with cost that he has to pay. He will select such a product that
can offer more utility (value) for certain price. He tries to maximize value, that is,
the utility of product per rupee.
6. Exchange, Transaction, and Transfer:
Exchange is in the center of marketing. Marketing management tries to arrive at
the desired exchange. People can satisfy their needs and wants in one of the four
ways – self-production, coercion/snatching, begging, or exchanging.
Marketing emerges only when people want to satisfy their needs and wants
through exchange. Exchange is an act of obtaining a desired product from someone
by offering something in return. Obtaining sweet by paying money is the example
an exchange.
3. Classification of needs
Maslow's hierarchy of needs is a theory of motivation which states that five
categories of human needs dictate an individual's behavior. Those needs are
physiological needs, safety needs, love and belonging needs, esteem needs, and
self-actualization needs.
4. The evolution of marketing (main concepts)
According to the Evolution of Marketing Philip Kotler, marketing has progressed
through five stages since the dawn of the Industrial Revolution: the production era,
the product era, the selling era, the marketing era and the holistic era.
II:

1) a) Svitoch crackers- physiological needs

b) Adidas sneakers –Safety

c) car rental-self-actualization

d) ordering products through the Internet site- ego needs

2) a) Svitoch crackers-Physiological needs
b) Adidas sneakers-Security
c) car rental-Security
d) ordering products through the Internet site-Physiological needs

3) I think that, on the one hand, companies have the right to impose their products
and services, and on the other hand, no, because there are some vivid examples,
and one of them is when the company takes and involves in some charity or
something else, in this case the company wants to do good for someone and bad
This is if there will be Propaganda of dangerous objects

4)1)production 2)product 3)sales 4) marketing 5) social and ethical marketing

6)relationship marketing

5) consumer- an individual who buys, orders, uses, or intends to buy or order

products for personal needs not directly related to business activities or the
performance of the duties of an employee.
Commodity- a product of nature and human labor or only human labor in material
and immaterial substance and in the form of services, which due to its properties is
able to satisfy existing or anticipated social needs.
Product- the material or intellectual result of human labor, or a substance that
serves as a material for making or making something, or a commodity that satisfies
a want or need in a market.
Service- it is an action, the result of which is consumed in the process of its
execution.
Cost- the value of the goods estimated in monetary form, which appears as a result
of market interaction, that is, as a result of the interaction of demand and supply on
the market.Demand-
Supply- the amount of goods that consumers are willing and able to purchase at
various prices during a certain period of time
Marketing- it is an activity for the formation of demand and satisfaction of
consumer needs
marketing concept- is a system of views that determine the orientation of
entrepreneurial activity at certain stages of its development.
enterprise- it is an independent main link of the national economy;
target market- a market that would give the firm a major share of the overall
result of its activity.
supplier- any legal entity or individual that supplies goods or services to
customers.
intermediary- it is a third party that offers mediation services between two parties,
which involves relaying messages between the principals in a dispute, preventing
direct contact and potential escalation of the problem.
competitor- are rivals or contenders for the same thing
6)

No Enterprises Product

1. Apple company iPhone

2. Procter end Gamble » "Ariel" detergent

3. "Business" magazine

4. " Oriflame " companymoisturizing cream

5. NULES study under the "Master of Marketing" program

6. Roshen Corporation  candies „ Poultry milk "

1)Safery
2) Safery

3) self-actualization

4) Safery

5) self-actualization

6)physiological
7)  What is the market?
A market is defined as the sum total of all the buyers and sellers in the area or
region under consideration. The area may be the earth, or countries, regions, states,
or cities. The value, cost and price of items traded are as per forces of supply and
demand in a market.
What are the types of market structures in terms of competition?
A variety of market structures will characterize an economy. Such market
structures essentially refer to the degree of competition in a market.
There are other determinants of market structures such as the nature of the goods
and products, the number of sellers, number of consumers, the nature of the
product or service, economies of scale etc. We will discuss the four basic types of
market structures in any economy.
One thing to remember is that not all these types of market structures actually
exist. Some of them are just theoretical concepts. But they help us understand the
principles behind the classification of market structures.
1] Perfect Competiton
In a perfect competition market structure, there are a large number of buyers and
sellers. All the sellers of the market are small sellers in competition with each
other. There is no one big seller with any significant influence on the market. So
all the firms in such a market are price takers.
There are certain assumptions when discussing the perfect competition. This is the
reason a perfect competition market is pretty much a theoretical concept.
These assumptions are as follows,
The products on the market are homogeneous, i.e. they are completely identical
All firms only have the motive of profit maximization
There is free entry and exit from the market, i.e. there are no barriers
And there is no concept of consumer preference
2] Monopolistic Competition
This is a more realistic scenario that actually occurs in the real world. In
monopolistic competition, there are still a large number of buyers as well as
sellers. But they all do not sell homogeneous products. The products are similar
but all sellers sell slightly differentiated products.
Now the consumers have the preference of choosing one product over another. The
sellers can also charge a marginally higher price since they may enjoy some market
power. So the sellers become the price setters to a certain extent.
For example, the market for cereals is a monopolistic competition. The products
are all similar but slightly differentiated in terms of taste and flavours. Another
such example is toothpaste.
3] Oligopoly
In an oligopoly, there are only a few firms in the market. While there is no clarity
about the number of firms, 3-5 dominant firms are considered the norm. So in the
case of an oligopoly, the buyers are far greater than the sellers.
The firms in this case either compete with another to collaborate together, They
use their market influence to set the prices and in turn maximize their profits. So
the consumers become the price takers. In an oligopoly, there are various barriers
to entry in the market, and new firms find it difficult to establish themselves.
4] Monopoly
In a monopoly type of market structure, there is only one seller, so a single firm
will control the entire market. It can set any price it wishes since it has all the
market power. Consumers do not have any alternative and must pay the price set
by the seller.
Monopolies are extremely undesirable. Here the consumer loose all their power
and market forces become irrelevant. However, a pure monopoly is very rare in
reality.