‘CONFIDENTIAL* METMET TMT MUTE MT ET MOET ET UT eT Mr MTT Me MT METMCETVMETUET MPETACRT MCETMET MQOr UT ET MT MET MT ET META MAT ETT MET MET MET WET Wer Mer ine ter MUWETNMAT WET MET RET eT ETAT MRT er MT Mer CRT MEY METMETMMETAAT MATT MET MET META MET ETC T MET MEME Mer ern er NOT eT eT MT MW MEMENUET MET ATMA T MET MTOR MET MART MRT MEET MET MeN UE MET MET TET WT Mer He BOOS cer icerinerinnr wer werice$ MU ET 2021 oie: MOET er an METVURT VOLT MOET WT Ms anaes Mee BT ET MCE TMCE MT UT CET UE MCT UT ET MOET MTR CET ET CET REET ME Men aa iter) MALAYSIAN UNIVERSITY ENGLISH TEST 7)///)/77 METMCLAT ATET CTSA SETCET CET ETAT MGET WET MET MME MET MET MAT ETT MCT MET CT MET MAT MT er MET tanwenenr wer erie PAPER 3 READING ver icer iter iver iter er MOET MET TMT METI MUETVCUT CET MOET RET MET MET CET MET METMTMRATMUET METER MATH gereeioyyy 9 THLE CET LET MET WET WCET ME VETTE WAT TERT META MET WaT Er War Murer wer METMCETMCET MCT MCT MEE MEET MUETAMETCET GET MRT MEET MET MEET MOE MEET MET MAJLIS PEPERIKSAAN MALAYSIA (MALAYSIAN EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL) 75 Minutes Instructions to candidates: DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO. There are forty questions in this test. Indicate the correct answer on the Multiple-choice Answer Sheet provided. Answer all the questions. This question paper consists of 19 printed pages and 1 blank page. © Majlis Peperiksaan Malaysia 2021 MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 80/3 [Turn over *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 2 Part 1 Read three short texts about famous people. Answer questions 1 to 4 based on the short texts about famous people (A to C). Which person 1 made movies? 2. finished university? 3 was helped by his family? 4 had alot of money at a young age? A B c Thomas Lee Mark Adams. Shamsul Awang Thomas is well-known for the | Mark made million dollars |Shamsul wrote the book vies, “The Runner” and| but lost everything in his|“Karina, My Love” when he lappy Garden”. He wanted | twenties. Then, he went to| was 27, but nobody wanted to to study at the University of study at Windsor University. | print it. So, he threw it away Southem California, but he} Later, he worked hard and | but his wife asked him to finish was not given a place. So, he| became popular in television | the book. He went on to write ‘went to another university. He| shows such as “The Cooking| many more popular books. did not tell his father about |Show” and “Mark Likes to| Today, many of Shamsul’s it. After a few weeks, he felt | Cook.” books have been made into bored and left to make movies. movies and he has become rich, MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 80/3 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 4 Part 2 Read an email from Dr Daisy Hisham to her students. Answer questions 5 to 9 based on the email. To: allstudents,group@umm.edumy From: daisyhisham@umm,edu.my Date: 18 May 2021 Subject: Call for Ler’ Read volunteers Dear students, 1 | Ler’ Read is a part of a research project organised by the Faculty of Languages. The project uses new reading strategies to instil a love for reading. ‘The project will be conducted by university students who will be trained by lecturers. These students will set up a reading comer in the neighbourhood hall. They will assist in collecting storybooks, magazines, and comics from the community for the reading comer. These reading materials will be used to help motivate and raise interest for reading among young children. 2 This reading project will take place in a public housing area near our university. It aims to help primary school students to improve their English language and develop allove for leisure reading. We need 50 university students to help us in this project and wwe are inviting you to join us. 3 When you help in the project, you will also develop leadership qualities, learn to communicate confidently, build friendships, and work as a team. This project will help to raise the standard of English among primary school students. Another benefit of the project is that it will help you to learn how to serve and share your knowledge with the community. 4 | The project will run from July to September 2021. We need ten students each Saturday. You need to sign up for only three Saturdays. The good news is that you will get a t-shirt and a certificate of participation. Free meals are provided at the canteen. The faculty hopes that the Let’ Read project will be run every year in different neighbourhoods. 5 If you want to join the project, WhatsApp your personal details to Ms Rina Abdullah (tel. no, 0127111777) ot our Student Centre officer (tel. no. 0136126000). Please contact me if you have any questions. | look forward to hearing from you, Thank you. Kind regards, Daisy Dr Daisy Hisham CSR Director for Faculty of Languages MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 80/3 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 5 5 Inthe Let's Read project, the university students will A. write storybooks B start a reading space C lear to love reading 6 The Let's Read project is to ‘A. improve the English of school students B_ help university students read in English C__get people staying near the university to leam English 7 From the project, the university students will A read better B_ be good teachers make new friends 8 Which is true about the project? ‘A. The project will stop after one year. B_ Students do not have to pay for food. C Students must come every Saturday of the month. 9 Students who want to know more about the project can contact A. DrDaisy Hisham B Ms Rina Abdullah C_ Student Centre staff MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 800/3 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. [Turn over CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 6 Part3 Read a short story about Mr Biswas. Answer questions 10 to 14 based on the short story. 1 A fortnight before he kicked the bucket, Mr Biswas, a journalist of Sikkim Street, St. James, Port of Spain, was sacked. He had been ill for some time and in less than a year, he had spent ‘more than nine weeks at the Colonial Hospital and rested at home for even longer. When the doctor advised him to take a complete rest, the Trinidad Sentinel had no choice but to give Mr Biswas three months’ notice and continued, up to the time of his death, to supply him every moming with a free copy of the paper. 2 Mr Biswas was forty-six, and had four children. He had no money and his wife Shama had no money, too ~ money is like the manna of the wilderness: Sweet and wholesome if it is gathered and used by faith each day: Breeding worms if hoarded by doubt. On the house in Sikkim Street Mr Biswas owed, and had been owing for four years, three thousand dollars. The bank interest on this, at eight per cent, came to twenty dollars a month; the ground rent was ten dollars. Two children were at school. The two older children, on whom Mr Biswas might have depended, were both abroad on scholarships. 3 It gave Mr Biswas some satisfaction that in the circumstances, Shama did not run straight off to her relatives to request for help. A decade before, that would have been her first thought as she would have complained a lot about what was happening. This made Mr Biswas very distressed. Now she tried to comfort Mr Biswas, and found ways to make money on her own. 4 “Aubergines,” she said. “We can start selling aubergines. The price around here is eight cents a pound. If we buy at five and sell at seven—” 5 “Trust the Tulsi,” Mr Biswas said. “I know that the pack of you Tulsis are financial geniuses, But have a good look around and count the number of people selling aubergines. Better to sell the old truck.” 6 “No. Not the truck. Don’t worry. We'll manage. 7 “Yes,” Mr Biswas said irritably. “We'll manage.” 8 No more was heard of the aubergines, and Mr Biswas never threatened again to sell the truck. He didn’t now care to do anything against his wife’s wishes as he had grown to accept her judgement and to respect her optimism. He trusted her. Since they had moved to the house, Shama had leamed a new loyalty, to him and to their children; away from her mother and sisters, she was able to express this without shame, They stopped arguing and became closer. To Mr Biswas, this was a success almost as big as buying his own house. (Adapted from V.S. Naipaul's 4 House for Mr Biswas, 1961) MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 80/3 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 7 10 What is Trinidad Sentinel? A Itisa company. B_ Itis a hospital C tis ahouse. 11 There was no one to help Mr Biswas because A his children were still studying B he lived in a rented house Chis wife was sick 12 Paragraph 3 shows that A’ Shama has leamed to depend on herself B_ Mr Biswas earns more money than before CC Shama’s relatives have stopped helping her 13. From their conversation, we know that Mr Biswas and Shama A. decided to sell the truck B_ were good in business Chad no proper plan 14 What is the main idea of the last paragraph? A. Mr Biswas was happy about his family having a house. B_ Mr Biswas and Shama were living happily as a family. Shama was happy to live away from her family. MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 800/3 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the testis over. [Turn over CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 8 Part 4 Read two texts about a film art director. Answer questions 1S and 16 based on Text 1. Text 1 1 For ive years, Deborah Riley has worked on the creation of the seven kingdoms in Game of Thrones. She has travelled to ancient cities, shivered through icy winters, and stared down dragons. Feeling dead on her feet, she is pushed through the long hours to create a world that has ruled the small screen for eight seasons. It has been a dream come true for her, who has worked as the production designer on the hit HBO series Game of Thrones since 2013, In that time, the well-known designer has won four Emmy Awards. 2 But for Riley and her colleagues, the world of Westeros is far from fantasy. “The more the audience believes in the world of the show, the more they believe in dragons. The art department and I tried to make all of the sets as realistic as possible by making sure that there ‘was a heaviness and age to the spaces. But this all means nothing ifthe costumes do not work, and seeing the characters walk onto a set is when it really comes alive,” Riley said. 3 Riley’s breakthrough into film came in the 1990s when she was hired as a set designer for The Matrix. The visual effects of the film won four Academy Awards. 4 Riley went on to work on a number of high-profile films, including Anna and The King, 21 Grams, and Moulin Rouge! Her success saw her selected as an Art Director for the Sydney 2000 Olympic Games closing ceremony. “Events like the Olympics tend to be about the {identity of the place that they are held in. There is a huge responsibility to get the tone correct and represent the history, thoughts and ideas of a nation fairly and creatively,” Riley said. 5 Riley’s career could have taken a different path. It all started soon after she completed her Bachelor of Design Studies at University of Queensland, Australia in 1993. “Thad every intention of graduating from the full architecture course,” Riley said. “The most instrumental subject for me was Behaviour and Environmental Studies. It boils down to psychology of space and I can honestly say that I use the basic principles at work every day.” 6 But it was when she saw Barman Returns in 1992 that she first realised someone was responsible for designing the sets. Riley then set her sights on studying another degree in performing arts at NIDA and was surprised when she got accepted because she had no experience in the theatre. (Adapted from The University of Queensland Contact Magazine, 2018) MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 80/3 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 9 15. The writer begins the article by describing A. the history of the seven kingdoms in Game of Thrones B_ Riley's dreams when designing the sets for Game of Thrones the challenges Riley had when designing the sets for Game of Thrones 16 Which of the following describes Riley? A. She got the idea to learn about set design from one of the movies she watched. B_ She knew that studying in NIDA would be good for her career. She quit her architecture degree to study a design degree. MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 800/3 [Turn over *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 10 Answer questions 17 and 18 based on Text 2. Text 2 1 The epic fantasy series, Game of Thrones, was based on author George R. R. Martin’s novel series A Song of Ice and Fire. It is about the battle to rule over the kingdom of Westeros. ‘There has never been a show quite like Game of Thrones. 2 Since its first season in 2011, the show has won 38 Emmys (that’s more than Frasier, The Simpsons and Breaking Bad), and there is fierce anticipation for the eighth and final season, due to be released next year. In the middle of TV's biggest show is Australia’s Deborah Riley. Earlier this year she won her fourth Emmy for her work as production designer on HBO's blockbuster series. 3 Such is the hunger for fans to know the show’s secrets — who will sit on the Iron Throne — that drones and even ultralight aircrafts have been spotted flying over the sets in Northem Ireland. But today its delicious vegan fare rather than season spoilers on the table as Riley introduces me to one of her favourite restaurants, OM Vegan Kitchen in Surry Hills. I select brown rice, potatoes, and a vegan massaman curry. “Are you sure you've got enough?” Riley asks solicitously, before selecting “a bit of everything” from the buffet, followed by a green yogi smoothie. 4 ‘As we sit in the park and tuck in, Riley finally reveals that her last day on Game of Thrones — July 6, the day “her watch had ended” — was “really emotional” because it meant saying goodbye to so many people that she has worked with for five-and-a-half years. 5 In person, Riley radiates warmth and a fierce intelligence. A graduate of Dramatic ‘Art (Design) from Sydney’s NIDA, Riley’s early work included working as set director on The Matrix (1999). But she says working with the directors of three particular projects helped prepare her for working on Game of Thrones, Moulin Rouge, 21 Grams, and the Sydney Olympics. 6 Riley moved to LA in 2008 ~ right in the middle of the global financial crisis. After five tough years, she had a breakthrough in 2013 when HBO called and said: “We think you should interview for this job.” Her audition process lasted about a month: “If there was anything that had my DNA on it, it was Game of Thrones.” v The former architecture student was able to cherry-pick ftom real-life history for inspiration. “You should be able to smell a set, it should feel so real,” she told Collective Hub magazine. And part of the show's success is its ability to convince viewers that both the show’s human dramas as well as its dragons and giant ice walls are real. Incidentally, ‘what will happen to all the sets now that filming is over? “We were madly cataloguing everything at the end of the show, so one day the public will be able to see them,” Riley says. “As we were gradually clearing the stages and the studios were sort of closing down, that was very sad as well...watching things go into the skip that had sat there for years.” (Adapted from The Sydney Morning Herald, 2018) MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 800/3 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the testis over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* n 17 In paragraphs 1 and 2, which sentence most clearly states the writer's opinion about the Game of Thrones? ‘A\ There has never been a show quite like Game of Thrones. B_ Itis about the battle to rule over the kingdom of Westeros. C Since its first season in 2011, the show has won 38 Emmys. 18 What will Riley do with the Game of Thrones’s sets? A. She will put the sets in a gallery. B_ She will throw away most of the sets. C_ She will use the sets for another movie. Answer questions 19 and 20 based on Text 1 and Text 2. 19 What is the central idea of both Text | and Text 2? A. The Emmy awards won by Game of Thrones. B_ The efforts put in to make Game of Thrones’s sets look real. C The importance of being guided by Game of Thrones's famous directors. 20 What are the main distinguishing features of Text 1 and Text 2? ‘A. Text I discusses Riley’s skills in designing sets while Text 2 discusses where Riley got her ideas. B Text 1 discusses Riley's life before Game of Thrones while Text 2 discusses what happening behind the scenes. C Text I discusses Riley's difficulties to enter NIDA while Text 2 discusses what Riley did before entering the film industry. MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 80/3 [Turn over *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 12 Part Read a text about the French language. Six sentences have been removed from the text. Choose from the sentences A to G the one which fits each gap (21 to 26). There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. 1 The French people are a proud bunch. This is especially true when we talk about the French language. So it must have been hard for them to take a backseat and watch English become the lingua franca of the 21* century. But revenge could be on the horizon. The language beloved by Parisian poets, Russian aristocrats, and pretentious students is set to take back its title when it becomes the world’s most commonly spoken language by the year 2050, according to a study by an international bank. 2 French is currently ranked sixth among world languages, after Mandarin Chinese, English, Spanish, Hindi, and Arabic, 21 The study reports that French will bbe spoken by 750 million in 2050, up from 220 million today. 3 Is this possible? Well, it could be. English, today, enjoys an unrivalled global popularity due to its lingua franca status. Mandarin, on the other hand, has long been regarded as the language of the future. This is due to the size of China’s population and its growing economic status. 22 - French-speaking populations are growing faster than English- and Mandarin-speaking ones. 4 Besides France and its best-known former colonies, Morocco, Tunisia, and Algeria, French is spoken in 28 other countries. These countries happen to be some of world’s fastest-growing nations. For instance, in Africa, French is the official schooling language of countries with increasingly high fertility rates like Mali in the north, and Guinea, Chad, and Democratic Republic of Congo in the sub-Saharan region. A demographic boom in these African countries could bump the world’s percentage of French speakers from 3% today to 8% by 2050. 23 This could lead to an expected decline in ‘the number of English speakers ~ from 8% to 3% of the world’s population. Similarly, for ‘Mandarin, a drop from 10% to 8% is anticipated. 5 While this sounds like cause for celebration for Francophiles who might cringe at the notion of studying Mandarin, it’s not time to celebrate quite yet. 4 - The study labels all the citizens of the countries where French is the official language as “French speakers,” which is not strictly true. Countries like Belgium, for example, have more than one official language. In some other African countries, the tongue of the former colonial power is losing ground. 25 6 “The number of people who speak French continues to increase, ‘The projections are indeed impressive. However, they do not take into account the coexistence of languages, which is the reality in many countries,” says Alexandre Wolff from the Observatory of the French Language. 26 Although it might be a good time to dust off your old French phrasebook, don’t say adiew to those Mandarin lessons just yet. (Adapted from USA Today, 2014) MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 800/3 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 13 But it is gaining its speakers quickly. French, however, has a demographic advantage. ‘Some sceptics think the predictions are overstated. By the middle of this century, up to half a billion people could be speaking French. Even in Algeria, a country in Africa, only a third of the population can write in French. amon ee Meanwhile, China and many English-speaking countries are likely to experience a demographic slowdown, a So while French is on the rise, it may be a while before it can challenge the hegemony of English or, the growing appeal of Mandarin Chinese. MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 800/3 [Turn over *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 14 Part 6 Read a text about digital myth, Answer questions 27 to 33 based on the text. 1 One of the most frequently cited reasons for justifying the need for change in education is the enormous technological revolution that have taken place in the world today. This revolution has changed the face of education. A school with desks, blackboards or whiteboards, and books seems like some kind of archaic institution. In education, wwe often have the feeling that we are finding it harder and harder to reach our students. That is why we are so feverishly interested in smartboards or leaming platforms or anything new on the market that might help. Every new tool seems like a possible solution, although sometimes we really don’t know what the problem is or even if there is one. 2 Regrettably, we have become saddled with a multiplicity of tools, methods, approaches, theories, and pseudotheories, many of which have been shown by science to be wrong or, at best, only partially effective. To illustrate that many claims about technology in education are in fact spurious, we will focus in this article on some specific myths and present the research findings that dispel them. ‘Myth 1: New technology is causing a revolution in education. 3 School television, computers, smartboards, and tablets such as the iPad — it was thought that all these new tools would, or will, change education beyond recognition. But if you look at the research of someone like Larry Cuban, it seems that classroom practice has not changed much during recent years. Even Microsoft cofounder Bi Gates — whom you would hardly suspect of being against technology in education — summarised his view on the matter as follows: “Just giving people devices has a really horrible track record.” Myth 2: The Internet belongs in the classroom because it is part of the personal world experienced by children. 4 At the same time, many teachers have discovered, at their expense, that using information and communications technology in their lesson randomly, in an unstructured way, does not always have lasting success. ‘The problem is that most research studies have been evaluations of relatively short-term projects. A research, for instance, focuses on the extent to which participants liked the medium being used during the actual test, which for a student actually lasted for about 12 minutes. 5 Also note that in this research, being motivated because of the medium did not help learning as much as the chosen pedagogical approach. But when we discuss implementing technology and the Internet in the classroom, people argue not for using it once or only for a short period, but for long-term implementation. Therefore, itis the impact over a longer period that really needs to be determined. Myth 3: Today’s “digital natives” are a new generation who wants a new style of education. 6 Digital native is a term that comes to mind immediately whenever the question of digital innovation in education is discussed. But it should be avoided. Even the person who coined the term, Mare Prensky, admitted that the term is now obsolete. MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 800/3 15 20 25 30 35 40 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 15 1 With this concept, he referred to a group of young people who have been immersed in technology all their lives. This gives them distinct and unique characteristics that set them apart from previous generations, and who have sophisticated technical skills and learning preferences for which traditional education is unprepared. However, Prensky’s coining of this term was not based on research into this generation, but rather created by rationalising phenomena that he had observed. 8 Studies in other countries, including Australia, Canada, and the United States, all ‘came to the same conclusion: There was no such thing as a generation of digital natives. Myth 4: Young people don’t read anymore. 9 Of course young people read. They read a lot. As Amelia Hall Sorrell and Pegey F. Hopper explain, teenagers constantly read what is available to them through the different forms of technology that continue to evolve. But when people think that young people today read less, it's not about reading online content or text messages, it’s about reading books. 10 In the United States, the Pew Research Center examined the reading habits of the ‘American audience in 2012, youth included. Youth consumed an average of 13 books in the previous 12 months and a median of six books. In other words, 50% of the youth. had read fewer than six books in a year. 11 Though there is good empirical proof out there refuting these myths, they persist. Why? Anthropologists tell us that myths function in culture and society to express, enhance, and codify belief, while language historians attribute their persistence to increased, almost unlimited, information availability. Our society serves up so much instant and pervasive information, which we fail to examine discerningly, that we end up circulating and strengthening myths through repetition and enhancement. 45 50 35 (Adapted from American Federation of Teachers, 2016) 27 In paragraph 1, line 3, what does revolution refer to? A. Changes in education B_ Remodelling of schools Advances in technology D Variety of student interests 28. Every new tool seems like a possible solution, although sometimes we really don't know what the problem is or even if there is one (lines 7 to 9) can best be paraphrased as A. many teaching tools are now available to help overcome learning difficulties experienced by many students, B_ a new teaching material promises to solve long standing learning problems whether imagined or real Cit is worth trying out new approaches as old methods have failed to address learning problems D although new teaching materials seem promising, it is unclear what they are attempting to solve MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 800/3 (Turn over *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the testis over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 16 29 30 31 32 33 Regrettably (line 10) means A. dreadfully B shockingly C shamefully D unfortunately ‘What is the message of paragraph 3? A. New tools are widely used in education. B_ Technological tools in education are necessary. C_ Classroom practices are avoiding the use of new tools. D_ Education has improved in response to changes in technological tools. ‘The main criticism against the use of new tools (paragraphs 4 and 5) is ‘A. the intermittent use of new tools by the teachers in the classrooms B the lack of research on the application of new tools in the classrooms C the disinterest of the teachers to use new tools for classroom teaching the unconfirmed impact of using new tools on classroom learning over a longer period of time What is the main idea of paragraphs 9 and 10? ‘A. The reading habit among youths has yet to decline, B__ Young people prefer books to online reading materials. The Pew Research shows that reading books is still popular. D_ The platforms for reading are changing as a result of technology. In paragraph 11, how did the writer feel about overcoming the myths? A. He felt powerless. B_ He felt optimistic. C He felt confident. D He felt harassed. MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 800/3 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the testis over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 7 Part 7 Read a text on new energy. Answer questions 34 t0 40 based on the text. 1 Every day, our species chews its way through more than a million terajoules of energy. ‘That is roughly equivalent to what we would use if al 7.5 billion of us boiled 70 kettles of water an hour around the clock. Or 3000 times the daily output of Palo Verde nuclear power station in Arizona — one of the world’s largest — running at full capacity. With the global population swelling and industrialisation on the rise in developing nations, humanity's hunger for energy has reached unprecedented levels. More than half of our energy comes from fossil fuels extracted from deep within the Earth’s crust. Itis estimated that since commercial oil drilling began in the 1850s, we have sucked up ‘more than 135 billion tonnes of crude oil to drive our cars, fuel our power stations, and heat our homes. ‘That figure increases every day. 2 But our gas guzzling over the past two centuries has taken a potentially devastating toll on the planet. Burning of coal, ol, and gas has been inextricably linked to the rising levels of greenhouse gases in Earth’s atmosphere and is a leading contributor of climate change. The world’s scientists agree that we are on a path towards disaster that can only be stopped by weaning ourselves off our fossil fuel habit. But that leaves us with problem. How do we ensure the lights stay on? 3 In truth, the picture may not be as bleak as it could be. Around a fifth of the world’s primary energy supply already comes from renewable sources such as wind, solar, hydro, and geothermal. This sector is expected to continue growing by 2.6% each year until 2040. Until recently, the main source of renewable energy was hydroelectric power and wind has been the fastest growing. But new advances in solar panel technology, which allow them to generate power even in overcast conditions, have seen a surge in the amount of energy being produced using the sun. Worldwide, the amount of solar energy production grew by 50% last year. Researchers in many countries are working on new photovoltaic cells that can be printed on flexible sheets, which could reduce the costs of solar further. 4 Hooking up these new energy producers to existing grids will not be straightforward, however. One of the big challenges of deploying these intermittent renewables like wind and solar is the impact they could have on the system. In many Westem countries, the networks that carry our electricity supply into our homes and offices are decades old, designed to deal with steady, reliable power generation. Wind and solar energy are highly dependent on the weather — and the time of day, in the case of solar ~ meaning, they do not necessarily produce the bulk of their electricity at times when there are peaks in demand, 3 ‘Summer used to be a really quiet time for the grid operators compared to the winter, Now they are having this peak in generation in summer due to solar energy when demand is low. They are having to juggle this as we cannot store electricity in large quantities yet. This is a new way of operating for them. 6 Most countries are currently tackling this by keeping more reliable sources of energy production in reserve. This means having nuclear, gas, and even coal fired power stations sitting idle or running at a low level, but ready to ramp up their production should the wind drop or the sun dip beneath the horizon. 10 15 20 25 30 35 MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 800/3 [Turn over *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the testis over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 18, 7 ‘One solution to this is to make the grids that distribute the electricity bigger — create so-called “supergrids”. ‘The basic idea is that if energy is shared over a wider area, there is more chance that the sun will be shining or the wind will be blowing in one part of a 45, supply network, if not another. 8 ‘These schemes envisage connecting the energy grids of several countries together so electricity can be shared between nations. Proposals for a European supergrid and one in the United States have been discussed for decades. More recently there have even been calls for a global energy grid — an idea that has had support from Chinese State 50 Grid, which set up the Global Energy Interconnection Development and Cooperation Organization (GEIDCO). (Adapted from BBC Future, 2017) 34 What is the main idea of paragraph 1? ‘A. Enormous amounts of energy are used daily. B_ Many developing nations experience rapid industrialisation. More than half of the world’s energy is extracted from the Earth’s crust. D_ Palo Verde in Arizona is one of the world’s largest nuclear power stations. 35. But our gas guzzling over the past two centuries has taken a potentially devastating toll on the planet (\ines 11 and 12) shows that the writer is A. surprised B regretful © worried D angry 36 Which of the following is true of paragraph 3? ‘A Renewable energy sources have potential for growth. B_ The world’s energy supply comes from renewable sources. C_ Hydroelectric power and wind are still the world’s main renewable energy sources. D_ Solar energy production has a more rapid annual growth than other renewable sources. 37 Which of the following sums up paragraph 4? A. Electricity from renewable energy sources cannot be stored in large quantities. B_ Networks that carry electricity supply into homes and offices are very old. C Developed countries have well-built power generation, D Renewable energy sources are unreliable. MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 800/3 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the testis over. CONFIDENTIAL*CONFIDENTIAL* 19 38 39 These schemes (line 47) is about A. sharing electricity among nations B creating “supergrids” for a larger supply of electricity C getting energy from the sun or the wind at specific locations D_ having nuclear, gas, and coal fired power stations running at a low level ‘The writer sums up the text with the idea that A GEIDCO can take the lead to set up supergrids B_ Chinese State Grid will set up the global energy grid C European and American supergrids are about to be set up D_ clectricity can be shared among nations via the energy grids ‘Which of the following can be an appropriate title for the text? A. Fossil Fuels versus Renewable Energy B_ Challenges of Building Energy Supergrids C__ Overcoming Energy Deficiency and Dependency D_ Developing Renewable Energy Supergrids across Nations MUET SESSION 2 2021 - 800/3 *This question paper is CONFIDENTIAL until the test is over. CONFIDENTIAL*