GUIDANCE AND COUNCELLING

 LESSON PLAN:
 Name of Teacher : Ms. Monika Makwana
 Name of Evaluator : Ms. Praneeta Christian and Ms. Ravina Khristy
 Name of course : F.Y. M. Sc. Nursing
 Name of Subject : Communication, Education and Technology
 Name of Topic : Guidance and Counseling
 Class : S.Y. B.Sc. (N)
 Size of the class : 40
 Date : 09/6/22
 Time : 60 min
 Venue : S. Y. B.SC. classroom
 Previous knowledge level: Students have Basic knowledge about Guidance and
counseling
 Method of teaching : Lecture cum discussion, Role play
 Media of Teaching A.V. aids: Roller board, White board, flannel graph, chain chart,
Flash cards.

 GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
At the end of the class, students will be gain in- depth knowledge guidance and
counseling.
 SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE
At the end of the lecture student will be able to:
 To introduce the topic.
 To define Guidance and Counseling.
 To identify the needs for guidance and counseling.
 To describe the purposes of organization of counseling services
 To locate the principles of guidance and counseling
 To describe the characteristics of guidance program
 To classify the phases of counseling.
 To describe the approaches of counseling.
 To identify the techniques for counseling
 To understand the organization of counseling services.
 To classify the types of counseling services.
 To determine the ingredients of counseling services.
 To explain the tools for counseling information
 To explain the training for counseling.
 To discuss the characteristics of a counselor.
 To appraise the advantages of guidance and counseling.
 To enumerate the issues in counseling.
 To summarize the topic

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1. 1 min To introduce the Teacher Role play Judge or guess

topic. INTRODUCTION introduces the the name of the
Guidance means to guide, which means to direct or to lead, is topic with role topic.
concerned with the best development of the student. In broader sense, play and students
guidance is the assistance made available by qualified and trained are actively
persons to an individual of any age to help him to manage his own life listens and see
activities, develop his own point of view, make his own decisions and and easily
carry on his own burdens. speculate the
topic by thinking
Counseling in all disciplines have been a vital aspect of higher and brain
education. One of the purpose of education is to help the individual storming.
in becoming a useful member of society. Counseling ensures a
healthy climate in the institution, which is essential for the
harmonious and integrated personality development of students.

2. 2 min To define DEFINITION OF GUIDANCE Teacher explains Roller Define Guidance

Guidance and The term guidance may also be defined as "helping one to see through definition board and Counseling.
Counseling. himself in order that he may see himself through". through roller
Jones (1971) has defined it as "the help given by one person to another board.
in making choices and adjustments in solving problems". Students listens
attentively and
DEFINITION OF COUNSELING: responds.
1) According to Crow and Crow, counseling or assisting an
individual in the solution of his problems. The interview has an
important place in guidance, but is only one stage in the whole
process of counseling.
2) According to Bermard and Fuller’s, basically counseling
involves understanding and working with the individual to

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discover his unique need motivations and potentialities and help

him appreciate them.

3. 5 min To identify the NEED FOR GUIDANCE AND COUNSELING Teachers White List the various
needs for guidance Guidance and counseling has become a great need for pupils for the explains the need board needs for
and counseling. following reasons: for guidance and guidance and
 Adjustment with one's oneself, as well as with the complex society counseling counseling.
has become difficult and it brings frustration and conflicts in the through lecture
individual. and discussion
with the help of
 With the expansion of education, there is an increased demand white board.
from the students of any profession which puts them in constant The students
stress. listens, identify
and understands
 Achievement of pupils in some subjects, generally in languages the need for
and science-are much below the level of their capacity. This may guidance and
be on account of poor home environment, lack of clear goals, or counseling.
difficulties in their studies. Guidance and counseling helps them to
set clear goals and to cultivate good study habits.

 The Education is moving in the direction of specialization with the

addition of new information everyday.

 Students sometimes fail to cope up with the course of studies and

new information. Guidance helps them to make the right type of
choices and to their future well.

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 Students need help not only, in their studies, but also in their
personal and social adjustments. Guidance and counseling extends
its hands to the solution of their personal and social problems by
training their emotions, developing their interests and promoting
their social efficiency.
 In today's world, there is a wide range of possibilities for a student
in terms of occupation. He needs guidance in realistic vocational
aspirations, and in making wise vocational choices.
 There are exceptional students in every college like the gifted, the
backward, etc. Guidance takes particular care of such children.
Papas life,
 Decision-making is inevitable in an individual's Guidance and
Counseling services help him to make prompt and wise decisions.

NEEDS FOR COUNSELING

 To achieve positive mental health to the students.

 To help in resolving their problems.
 To improve personal effectiveness.
 To maximize individual freedom to choose and act within the
conditions imposed bythe environment.
 To identify and render help to students who are in need of special
help.

4. 1 min To describe the PURPOSES OF ORGANIZING COUNSELLING SERVICES Teacher discuss White Discuss the
purposes of the purposes and board purposes of
organization of  To help adolescents with normal developmental problems. students actively organizing

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counseling participate in counseling

services. discussion. services
 To help individuals through temporary crisis.
 To refer cases needing specialist treatment.

5. 8 min. To locate the PRINCIPLES OF COUNSELING AND GUIDANCE Teacher Flash Locate few the
principles of construes the cards principles of
guidance and  Holism principles of counseling and
counseling  Universal requirement counseling and guidance
 Evidence guidance through
 Individual difference flash cards.
 Student centerness Students
 Cause and effect recognize the
 Continuous process principles of
 Flexibility counseling and
 Goal oriented guidance.
 Professional activity
 Growth and development
 Prevention as well as cure

 Emphasizes thinking with the individual.

 Avoid dictatorial attitude.
 Maintains relationship of trust and confidence with the client.
 Client’s need is to be put first
 The client’s family members and significant influencing
personnel must be included in counseling process.
 Skills of warmth, friendliness, openness and empathy are the

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ingredients of successful counseling process.

 Counselor has to listen attentively answer questions objectively.
 Counseling is unique to an individual.
 Counseling is concerned with the total development of an
individual.
 Counseling is always goal oriented and goal directed.
 Counseling should be based on a thorough knowledge of
characteristics of the stages of human growth and
development.
 Counseling is meant for all those who need help.
 Guidance and counseling is not specific to any state of
development.
 Guidance and counseling is a continuous process and should
have a flexible approach.
 Guidance and counseling should be based on reliable data.
 Guidance is a professional activity.
 Guidance and counseling should have a flexible
 Maintain dignity of individual as individual is primary concern
in counseling.
 Tailor made to the requirement of an individual’s problem.
6. 3 min To describe the CHARACTERISTICS OF GUIDANCE PROGRAM Teacher White Enumerate the
characteristics of  It is continuous from nursery school to adult education. describes the Board characteristics of
guidance program  It is pervasive characteristics of guidance
 It is goal oriented guidance and program.
 It is a coordinated effort counseling
 It is student centered. through lecture
 It is a purposeful learning experience for the counselee. and discussion

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 It is a purposeful oriented and private interview between the methods using

counselor and counselee. white board.
 Based on mutual confidence satisfactory relationship will be Students listens
established. carefully and
understands the
 Counselee process is structured around the felt needs of the
characteristics
counselee.
 Main emphasis in the counseling process is on the counselee’s self
direction and self acceptance
7. 5 min. To classify the Teacher Chain How to organize
phases of PHASES OF COUNSELING categorizes and chart the counseling in
counseling. Phases of counseling include:- explains the different phases?
1) Appointment and establishment relationship:- Since phases of
counseling is essential a face to face relationship between the counseling
counselee and counselor, this Phase is the most important one through the chain
in the process of counseling. The principles governing the chart.
counseling relationship are uniqueness of students, his capacity Students
to choose and decide, what is good for him, belief in his ability visualize the
to make changes, maintaining confidentiality, being non- chain chart, hear
judgmental and a trusting relationship. and appraise the
2) Assessment:- This phase is concerned with data collection, various phases of
analyzing the data and clarification of expectations. The counseling.
counselee is encouraged to talk about his problems, ventilate his
feelings whereas the counselor asks questions, collects
information, observes and clearly state his problems.
3) Diagnosis:- in this phase, the counselor diagnosis the problem
of the student and decides the areas of interaction.
4) Setting goals:- In this phase, the counselor explains to the
student the setting goals which will in turn provide direction to

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the counselee and counselor. Goals may be short term and

5) Interventions:- Interventions are needed to achieve the goals. In
this phase, counselor explains to the students how the goals can
be achieved. Interventions is a process of adaptations and the
counselor should be prepared to change the interventions is not
yielding results.

6) Termination and follow up:- Successful termination is an

important aspect in counseling. It must be done without
destroying the accomplishment gained and should be done in a
phased manner covering few sessions. This will prevent the
development of a feeling of sense of loss in the counselee.

8. 4 min To describe the APPROACHES TO COUNSELING Teacher White Discuss the

approaches of describes the board approaches to
counseling. The purpose of counseling in education institution are to enable approaches to counseling
teachers to:- counseling
through lecture
 Understand the manifestation of a variety of problems of their and discussion
students. with the help of
white board.
 Understand and analyze the cause of problems. To achieve
Student listens
above purposes there are several approaches in counseling which
includes and see , takes
active participant
 Directive counseling
in discussion.
 Non-directive counseling
 Eclectic counseling
 Group counseling.

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1. DIRECTIVE OR COUNSELEE CENTERED

COUNSELING.
It is an approach in which the counselor uses a variety of techniques
to suggest appropriate solutions to the problem of counselee. In this
approach the counselor plays a leading role. He tries to direct the
thinking of the counselee by informing, explaining, interpreting
and advising.
Steps
 Starting the counseling session
 Collect relevant data of problem
 Analyse the problems
 Synthesize the problem
 Diagnose
 Prognosis
 Prescribe remedial measures
 Follow up

2. NON DIRECTIVE OR PERMISSIVE OR CLIENT

CENTERED.
Counseling:- is a counselee centered approach in which he is guided
to use his own inner resources to solve the problems. In this
approach, the counselee plays a predominant role. Carl. R. Rogers
is the exponent of the non directive technique of counseling.
Steps:-
 Opening the session

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 Establishing rapport
 Exploration of the problem
 Exploration of the causes of problem
 Discovering alternative solutions
 Termination of sessions
 Follow up.
3. ELECTIC COUNSELING:- in eclectic counseling the
strategy arises out of the appropriate knowledge of student
behaviour and a combination of directive, non directive and
other approaches. Irrespective of the differences, all approaches
should have developmental, preventive and remedial values.

4. GROUPING COUNSELING:- group counseling is a

technique where a group of persons is counseled by applying
group interaction method for the purpose of arriving at a
solution to the problem of the group.

Group counseling process:-

 Selection of participants
 Session starting
 Orientation for discussion
 Self disclosure
 Decision making
 Closure
 Follow up.

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9. 5 min To identify the TECHNIQUES FOR COUNSELING Teacher illustrate White What are the
techniques for the techniques of board various
counseling. A number of techniques can be used in counseling:- counseling techniques used
through lecture in techniques for
1) Problem solving technique:- It is a creative process by which cum discussion counseling.
individuals evaluate changes in them and their environment, by using white
make new choices or adjustments in harmonious manner. It board.
involves following steps:- Students plays a
Problem identifications active role in
discussion and
explains various
Gathering of data techniques for
counseling.

Hypothesizing the courses

Decision making

Implementation

Follow up

2) Discussion technique:- in a discussion class the group focus on

the common problem, helps them extend and deepen the
problem, “brings whatever resources he may have to attack and

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finally helps the group recognize when the problem has been
solved as well as the further implication of the solution.”
Discussion needs competence among members of
communication skills.

3) Role playing technique:- it is a technique used in counseling for

developing skills and insight in an individual by acting out
situations which are parallel to real life problems. It takes the
form of psychodrama or sociodrama.

4) Lecturers:- lectures delivered by experts can impart counseling

in an effective way.

5) Case conferences:- in this techniques, problems faced by

majority are discussed as a case. It gives experience in social
thinking and has positive and unique values in the team work.

6) Operant conditioning:- it is a technique of conditioning the

behavior of a person. It is believed that if new behavior is
rewarded then old behavior itself gets ignored.

7) Aversive conditioning:- this technique is used to change some

specific behavior eg. Alcoholism, homosexuality. In this some
pain or discomfort is associated with the particular behavior that
is needed to be changed.

8) Reciprocal inhibition:- by this technique persons having

anxiety, fear etc. are helped. In these technique persons is asked

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to shift his imagination from the fearful condition.

 Basic counseling techniques are:-

 Make the setting comfortable, quiet and privacy are essential.
 Be primarily a listener. Give definite indications when you
understand what is being said, or ask for clarification where
needed.
 Avoid judgmental reactions such as surprise, shock or
amusement unless you are genuinely sharing the students feelings
of deep concern or appropriate humor. i.e, you must show
appropriate responses to show empathy.
 Help the student focus on real problems, one at a time. Try to
solve smaller problems and then focus on the larger issue.
 Do not take notes unless it is to assure the students that you
intend to follow up ona specific request.
 Offer to see the student again; setting a more or less definite time,
if possible.
 Remember that the key to the entire relationship is your
ability to demonstrate warmth, concern and understanding.
 Always try to be aware of the feeling behind what the student is
saying.
 Provide many opportunities for positive recognition, rather than
just recognizing the negative.

10. 1 min To understand the ORGANIZATION OF COUNSELING SERVICES Teacher tells White What do you
organization of about the board mean by
Organization means systematic planning, coordination and conduct organization of organization of

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counseling of certain activities, within the policy framework of the institution. counseling counseling
services. Counseling services aims at developing pupils self confidence. It is services. services.
a process by which an individual learns to be independent, to make Student see and
decisions, to live with a problem situation and to face any crisis listens about the
situation. organization of
counseling
services.
12. 5 min To classify the TYPES OF COUNSELINNG SERVICES Teacher explains White Enlist the types
types of counseling 1. ORIENTATION SERVICES:- it means to help the pupils to about the board of counseling
services. become fully aware of herself and the new environment. After classification of services.
general orientation, sessions should be planned when intensive types of
guidance services are provided. counseling
2. APPRAISAL SERVICES:- the purpose of this is to gather services.
record, maintain and use adequate information about each pupil
to help in achieving her optimum potentials
3. INFORMATION SERVICES:- this service assist to see and
gives information about higher training/ courses available to them.
Here occupational information is gven to the individual.
4. COUNSELING SERVICES:- it is a process by which an
individual makes decisions, to live without a problem situation
and to face any crisis situation. There are four different type of
counseling:-
a) Developmental counseling:-
 Helps individual to achieve personal growth by making them
aware ofthemselves and their environment.
 To set clear goals for the future behavior.
 Develop positive attitudes, values and morals.
b) Preventive counseling:-

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 Helps an individual to prepare for future specific concerns such

as failures in examinations, shock of not getting job etc. type of
counseling is specially needed for educating students on the abuse
of drugs, suicide and truancy.
c) Facilitative counseling:- referred as remedial or adjustive
counseling which means to correct a fault or an undesirable
behavior.
d) Crisis counseling:- helps an individual to overcome the effects of
crisis situation such as loss of a family members, family conflict
etc, these situations may affect the normal behavior of an
individual and she/ he may develop a feeling of anxiety, and
develop new patterns of behavior.

13. 1 min To determine the Teacher expose White Recognize the

ingredients of INGREDIENTS OF COUNSELING SERVICES the students board ingredients of
counseling regarding the counseling
services. 1. Planning services:- is meant to help pupils overcome their ingredients of process.
problems of hostel, mess and finances. counseling
2. Placement service:- it refers to assistance offered to an services.
individual in taking the next step, towards training or job. Students listen
3. Follow up services:- it involves keeping in touch with students and learn the
who have qualified fromthe school as well as the dropouts for ingredients of
some years after they leave the school. counseling
4. Research and evaluation:- is a service meant to evaluate the services.
school counseling programme. A counselor acts as a researcher
and conducts survey.

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14. 4 min. To explain the Teachers White Enumerate the

tools for TOOLS FOR COUNSELLING INFORMATION explains the tools board tools used for
counseling for counseling counseling
information Tools are mean to achieve our goals and not an end in themselves. information information.
through white
The tools are: board.
 Non testing tools. Students hears
 Psychological test. and learn about
the tools.
1) NON TESTING TOOLS:- they provide a set of tools for
individuals assessment without the use of psychological tests.
a) Interview:- through interview information can be collected
from the counselee herself or from her family members, friends
or teachers.
b) Observation:- counselor makes observation ie, as a member of
the group of counselee participative or as a outsider non
participative observations.
c) Anecdotal records:- consists recording important incidents. It is a
verbal snapshot of an incident.
d) Cumulative record card:- is a method of recording and
providing meaningful, significant and comprehensive
information about the individual over the years.
e) Problem/ interest checklist:- is given to pupils to identify their
expressed problems or interest.
f) Rating scales:- are used to get the assessment of pupils
characteristics such as initiative, responsibility, truthfulness,
attitudes, honesty.
g) Sociometry:- is used to measure sociability of social distance

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among the members of a group.

2) PSYCHOLOGICAL TEST:- Psychological tests provides
information about an individual’s psychological
characteristics such as intelligence, aptitudes, interest, abilities
and personality etc.
PURPOSES
 To identify bright and poor students.
 To identify the areas of weakness.
 To serve as the basis of vocational guidance.
 To serve as the basis of conference with the parents and
teachers.
 To select the individuals from a group of applicants.

14. 2 min To explain the Teacher explains White Tell the training
training for TRAINING FOR COUNSELING explains the board strategies for the
counseling. training for counseling.
To accomplish the phases of counseling effectively, the counselor counseling.
needs to demonstrate certain attitudes, skills and knowledge Students listens
and observes the
1) PRE-TRAINING:- training for
a) Self awareness and understanding:- a person who has awareness counseling.
of her needs, motivation for helping, feelings, personal strength
and weakness acts as a good counselor.
b) Good physiological health:- a person with less problems or
good psychological health can be trained to be good counselor.
c) Sensitivity:- a person who is aware of resources, limitations
and vulnerability of other persons as well as is keenly

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perceptive to other’s feelings and needs are considered to have

sensitivity.
d) Open-mindedness:- a person who is free from fixed or pre
occupied ideas it does not mean that they have no person values
or beliefs, but they are aware of their own values and beliefs.
e) Objectivity:- all persons with the ability of not getting involved
with the other person and at the same time stand back and see
accurately what is happening.
f) Trustworthiness:- a person who is reliable, honest and does not
hurt other persons.
g) Approachability:- a person who has some resembles with other
known pleasant and friendly persons, who is friendly, has
positive attitudes about others and can be approached without a
feeling of apprehension.
2) INTER-TRAINING ATTRIBUTES
a) Interview setting and getting started:-
 Physical arrangement: a skillful counselor can work in any
setting but she needs atleast two comfortable chairs and a table.
 Greetings: A warm and friendly greeting facilitates the helping
process.
 Inviting the individual to participation: the counselor should start
the interview by asking the individuals why they have come for
counseling.
 Maintaining eye contact: making helps in building personal
relationship.
 Demonstrating proper body postures: a mobile posture allows
in freedom to movement and ability to use the body to assist in
communication.

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b) Problem focus:-
It is important that the counselor should assist the individuals to
focus on important topics of concern only and not to allow the
individual to ramble.

c) Identifying an important theme:- counselor should try to identify

the important theme by observing the individual’s
preoccupations and the emotional significance attached to the
topics.
d) Focusing on a theme:- the counselor hold direct the
verbalizations of the individual once the theme has been
identified there focusing can be done by such statements as you
were telling me that your classmates do not understand you.
e) Directing the theme towards a goal:- once the theme has been
identified and exposed in sufficient depth to have an
understanding of the individual’s self perception and her
environment, it is time for discussing counseling goals.
f) Managing interaction with the individuals:- to facilitate the
discussion more skills are needed. The following techniques are
used to continue the interaction.
 Restatement:- it involves putting the individuals statement into
different words to draw the attention to point out to the individual
what she is finding difficult to verbalize.
 Maintaining tension to the interview:- the individual must be
motivated to work actively towards the achievement of the
counseling goal.

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 Interpretation:- is used by the counselor while presenting tentative

solutions to the individual for mutual consideration.
 Managing pauses and silence:- it is an important technique in
counseling but too long pauses and silence may give a feeling of
avoidance or embarrassment to the individual.

15. 4 min To discuss the Teacher discuss White Discuss the

characteristics of a CHARACTERISTICS OF A COUNSELOR or enlightened to board characteristics of
counselor. the maim hieght. a counselor
1) INTERPERSONAL RELATIONSHIP:-
 Friendly nature.
 Gets along with others.
 Sympathetic understanding.
 Sensitivity to the attitudes of people.
 Ability to maintain confidentiality.
 Respects clients abilities ad needs.
 Speaks in clients language.
 Tolerance power, openness, empathy are ingredients of
successful counseling.
 Caring and meeting the needs of the individual based on
humanistic philosophy.

2) PERSONAL ADJUSTMENT

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 Shows matured behavior, integrated personality.

 Maintains emotional stability
 Flexibility and adaptability.
 Aware about one’s limitations.
 Posses a sense of worth and sense of humor
 Freedom from withdrawing tendency
 Able to accept criticism
 Shows self respect, self reliance, and self confidence.

3) SCOLASTIC POTENTIALITIES AND EDUCATIONAL

BACKGROUND
 Should posses relevant as well as broad knowledge and efficient
skills.
 Should be motivated and committed.
 Intelligent to tackle the situations effectively.
 Highly cultured social interests.
 Positive interest, scholastic aptitude.
 He will have master degree in the essential area of guidance
programme.
 Experience in teaching and follow up services.

4) HEALTH AND PERSONAL APPEARANCE

 Pleasing voice and appearance.

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 Freedom from annoying mannerisms.

 Vitality and endurance

5) LEADERSHIP
 Ability to stimulate and lead others.
 Reinforce important information.
 Directs the counselee, the ways to solve problems.

6) PHILOSOPHY OF LIFE
 Good character
 Positive philosophy of life
 Integrated personality
 Faith in human values and human nature.

7) PROFESSIONAL DEDICATION
 Possesses vocational interest and interest in guidance work.
 Shows loyalty, enthusiasm to provide services for the student
 Had strong sense of professional ethics and professional
growth.
 Maintains helping relationship.
 Faith in the spiritual quality of the world respects in
universal principles of religion.
 Show interest in research activities.

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 Uses psychotherapy in solving clients problems.

16. 5 min To appraise the ADVANTAGES Teachers White Tell the
advantages of explains and Board advantages of
guidance and  Advantages for the Students discuss the guidance and
counseling.  To understand themselves that is their abilities, aptitudes, advantages and counseling.
interests, personality patterns, their strengths and weaknesses disadvantages
 To develop their potentialities in the right manner through white
 To select specialty for their higher education board.
 To select suitable occupation in the broad field of nursing Students listens,
 To solve personal and social problems understands the
 To make educational, vocational and psychological adjustment. advantages and
disadvantages.
 Advantages for the Teachers

 To understand their students, their abilities, interest, strengths

and weaknesses, etc.
 To develop their potentialities by detecting maladjustments and
solve their problems.
 To improve classroom relationships and emotional climate
through emphasis upon democratic procedures.
 To provide education, vocational and psychological guidance.

Advantages for the Administration

 To select candidates at the time of admission.
 To use guidance data in promotional policy and practice.
 To set-up and maintain an effective cumulative record system.
 To collect, organize and use occupational information.
 To plan placement and follow-up procedures.

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 To identify the areas of the college where improvement is

needed.
 To increase the overall efficiency.

17. 4 min To enumerate the ISSUES OF COUNSELLING Teachers White List out the
issues of Resistance to counseling explains through board. issues of
counseling. An individual may not realize that he or she suffers from any problem lecture with the counseling.
and requires counseling and may not cooperate with the counselor. At help of white
the same time, the faculty members may not realize the importance of board and
counseling process so they just ignore it. The problem can be overcome students listens
by gaining cooperation from the individual and the faculty members. and responds
accordingly.
Counseling individuals of different cultures
In modern world people migrates to different parts of the world to
pursue their studies. It is quite natural to face some adjustment problem
when they work in culture, which is not their own.
During counseling the counselor may find it difficult because his own
culture is something different from the culture of the students. Because
of the difference in values, beliefs and customs, the counselor faces
problems in counseling. This can be alleviated by understanding the
others culture before he starts the counseling.

Counseling individuals with strong emotions

There are students with strong emotions like fear, anxiety, depression
etc. which may hinder the progress of counseling process. A counselor
can remain calm, when a student exhibits emotional reaction and if
possible help from other medical members can obtained.

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Counselor Burn-out

Any counselor will start his work with great excitement and
enthusiasm. But during the course of counseling he feels disappointed
and discouraged, when he faces resistance in the individual and less
progress. All these make him less motivated and feel restless,
boredom, may irritable, fatigue and lethargic. This problem can be
managed by changing the approach, work environment and taking
personal care.

ISSUES FACED BY NOVICE COUNSELORS

Feeling of Inadequacy and Anxiety

Most beginners, irrespective of their training and experience,

experience anxiety when they start meeting their clients. Counseling
as a profession is full of ambiguities and uncertainties. The counselor
must be willing to face and deal with these anxieties. One way to deal
with them is to openly discuss these with seniors and fellow
counselors.

Being and Self Disclosure

Because of the uncertainty and anxiety associated with the initial

encounters with their clients, the beginners tend to be over concerned
with what the book says and with the technicalities of how they should
proceed. In many instances, the counselors are not being themselves.
Probably, it is the desire to be superhuman that drives them to be role
fixated.

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Tendency Toward Perfectionism

As beginners, counselors want to be more perfect in their profession.

It is not possible for the person to know everything. Instead of trying
to impress with lack of knowledge, one can always admit the truth and
go about searching for satisfactory answers. It takes courage to
admit imperfections, but there is a value in being open about them.

Being Honest about Limitations

No counselor can realistically expect to succeed with all clients. It is

best to admit that one may not be successful in all the cases. At the
same time, the counselor should try to learn the skills, necessary to
deal with all kinds of clients by working with diverse groups.

Understanding Silence

Several counselors feel very uncomfortable and even threatened when

their clients do not speak. Silence in counseling can have several
meanings. Sometimes silence says much more than words. So, when
silence occurs, they must be explored to determine what they really
mean. Accept silence and pursue its meaning.

Demands from the Clients

Often, the clients make multiple demands. Several novice counselors,

in their enthusiasm to be hopeful to the clients, burden themselves with

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the unrealistic and constant demands. Client may frequently call the
counselors when they are at home and expect to talk at length. The best
way to unburden these demands is to make it clear in the initial session
itself what to expect and what not to expect from counseling. This is
often referred to as structuring the counseling relationship.

Clients who Lack Commitment

The clients may not be committed in the counseling process and may
be uncooperative. So it is necessary to explain to the clients the goals
of therapy without promising what cannot be achieved. They must be
told what counseling is about, what are the joint responsibilities and
how therapy can help them to get what they want. This helps them to
commit and cooperate with the counselor.

Losing Oneself in clients

The trouble with beginners is that they worry too much about their
clients. Sometimes they identify so much with their clients that they
lose their own identity. Counselors must learn how to "let clients go"
and not carry around their problems until they are seen again. If the
counselors lose themselves in clients' problems and confusions, they
will be ineffective as help agents. This of getting process emotionally
entangled with client issues is called counter transference.

Shaping Responsibility with Client

One of the crucial task for the counselors is to find an optimum balance
in sharing the responsibility with clients. One mistake that novice

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counselors make is to assume full responsibility for the course and

outcome of therapy. By doing so, the counselors will be taking away
from the clients the rightful responsibility to make their own decisions.
Sharing of responsibility between the counselor and client must be
discussed and sorted out during the initial sessions.

Giving Advice

Many people mistake that giving advice is the same as counseling.

Giving advice will make the counselee dependent on the counselor.
Counselors help clients to discover their own solutions to their
problems. The job of the counselor is to help the client help himself.

Developing a Personal Counseling Style

As for as possible, the beginner, should not attempt to mimic

someone's therapeutic style. It may be remembered that there is no one
"right" way of counseling suitable to all clients under all conditions.
Getting stuck to one model inhibits the growth of the counselors. The
counselor should attempt to develop a personally distinctive style.

17. 1 min To summarize the Teachers listens -

topic. SUMMARY to the students .
Students
Guidance means to guide, which means to direct or to lead, is conclude the
concerned with the best development of the student. In broader topic.
sense, guidance is the assistance made available by qualified and
trained persons to an individual of any age to help him to manage

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his own life activities, develop his own point of view, make his own
decisions and carry on his own burdens where Counseling in all
disciplines have been a vital aspect of higher education. One of the
purpose of education is to help the individual in becoming a useful
member of society. Counseling ensures a healthy climate in the
institution, which is essential for the harmonious and integrated
personality development of students.

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 ASSIGNMENT

 Write the principles of guidance and counseling.

 Enlist the types of counseling services.

REFERANCE

1) Basavanthappa BT. Nursing Education. 1st ed. Newdelhi: jaypee brothes medical
publishers; 2004. P 593-627.
2) Neeraja KP, Textbook of Nursing Education.1st ed. Haryana: jaypee Brothers Medical
Publishers; 2003. P 447-93.
3) Kanakalakshmi S. Communication and Educational Technology. 1st ed. Hydrerabad:
Florence publishers; 2008. P 43-60.
4) Sankaranarayanan B. Sindhu B. Learning and Teaching Nursing. Kanakanady; Brainfill
publishers; 2003. P 242-71.
5) Kaur Amanpreet. A textbook of Psychology. 1st ed. Jalandhar: S.Vikas and co publishers:
2010. P 276-83.
6) I Clement. Psychosocial foundations of Nursing. 1st ed. Haryana: Jaypee BrothersMedical
publishers; 2010. P 174.

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