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    Copper-Tube Corrosion in Domestic-Water Systems,

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    Copper-Tube Corrosion in Domestic-Water Systems,

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    25 views8 pages

    A 4073

    Uploaded by

    wmkane
    Copper-Tube Corrosion in Domestic-Water Systems,

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
    Flag for inappropriate content
    of 8
    opper- Tube orrosion. i ; ‘Domestic-Water Systems Identifying and mitigating the seven forms of corrosion conto the comeion of copper | ‘Thane wil eb sc of te om tiker and fctnge expore to [of corosion aad discuss methods doje water on fit mu | of iigting este mgm eg cea oegh meh 1500 Soldering-Flux-Induced Pitting ‘Attack sons oduct ver 28 year the authors enitseven soarces of eae abe comr- mi domestic water ste Selden induced ping ack Hydrogen-sulfide-induced pitting \ fuck. * Erosion corrosion? + Cuprosolency * Concenaton cel corrosion? + Chemiseryvelated cold-water pit hinges * Chemistry sated hot water pti Se ae | es ey aS ‘PHOTO A Solderig--induced pis covered wit Hable green berles of ‘oppor crresion prodaets. The ube-valpororaions (60 aro) and most ot {hepits ore along relatively nara bane wich ae nearparal the Iongitainal axes ote abs, along the "ghost" of faxes). Occuring most often in cold-water ines, tt alsa known a acur in inequenly wed hot wnt nes slderingarindoced iting attack sos alway awit wit the we oF an unusually aggresive Bx and/or exces ‘he amount of fax, Once inated the prope tion of pis i factated by the nana pes nee of dissolved oxygen in conveyed ‘Containing porous res brown cupros conde (C50), fimndced pts are covered Wid claively voluminous, Me tubes of freen-colored copper-corrosion products (Photo A). Typical, the eberles cons of tsi copper carbonate i malachite) and/or coppe horde). | ©" FHucinduced pits tend to occur preferen- | sia along relatively narrow bands that are neil pal co the loieadinal ue of tubes tnd fitings Gi. along the “ghosts” of fax us). Often, thee bands ae covered wt bere ges (see the top tube hal section in ‘Photo A) ther han dine hemiaphesially shaped tubercles. Flax-induced pit also fof oecar pecfereally na. the periphery of petrolatumbase flux | Fouls, which often exit on waterside ‘urs wen plumbing technicians ap | Shoronly. When fax is applied excessively, lobules of solder alo canbe Found on water | de sracer of tuber and cngs. Although fh induced pining cas be expected at ‘or nea pootly soldered connections, pitting ss teen now ro occa more than fm iting, Soldering di induced piting stn be confirmed wing energy dipenive spe {woscopy (EDS). Chlorides in major amauats—and, sometimes, zine (om ‘the soldering fs}-—an be detected in pits or onthe edges of pits (Figure 1}. ‘Copper chloe exis with CaO a pit sites, This it understandable, 3 Soldering Moses commonly consin sc ‘ating chlorides, sich at ammonia chloride, zine chloride, tn chloride, and/or hoc cd. "Soldrng-uxinducd iting ean be voided by wipulating that plumbing technicians we indatry standard mate rise and practices when insaling cop per tube nyatems, Funes should sty {he eqaivements of ASTM 3813, Say ard Secfiason for Liga and Paste “Fase er Slerng of Capper and Cop er Alloy Tube Sldered connections ‘st be made in accordance with ASTM 1BS28, Standard Practice for Making Capling fine by Soldering of Capper sand Capp Alloy Tube and Pivings™ sd The Copper Tube Handbook"? “Therese no koown methods of mi ing induced ping ack Typ ely systems are eplaced afer our oF freleaka Hydroven-Sutide-Induced Pitting Attack Small quantities of dsoived hydro sensulde (1,8) is watercan use pit fing af many metallic material. Al- ‘hough the theshold concentration for oppers no nnn ante a8 (0.020 mg per ier have res in pee favors “Typically, domestic water containing 1p obese fom wel supe. Sl fiesea natal comsinent of many we ‘waters, resting fom underground su fae-reduing-bactela activity and/or eel butts decrmpoion HS nduced pain our ndomy ‘on waterside srfice of copper tes and figs (Photo B). The pis ypically contin porous da reda-beoato- eaty-bhck CuO and are oer with ‘Hable grees tubers of copper cor 2000-5 7 1st0-| 0] @ fim J 0 Ofer perro eee y . Fy IGURE 1. Ener espersvespecrascopy normally revel rg amounts oer ‘soloing hindecod pistes. Son produc. Most often, the ubsres plies ehrough « number of tech const of copper lite which some: gue sich a sero ina fre timer iadmined with black copper sal da rower, Slide is removed bythe fide() Repardessofthecompeston of subbingaeson oar apd by extn. the tubercle, black loorelyadherene, Lowering the pl of water gestly re porous ayes of copper sulide(s) ae as duces te ze farting eguipment re Socited with pti attack. The pres gud fence of the corrosion pric an be ‘ered using EDS and microchemical Erosion Corrosion mals (MCA), rosioncorosion (Le. accelerated TES canbe removed fom water sup- aac elated t localized high-vloc ==! ‘PHOTO 8. Hyéropeneulide-ndiod pt overad with hsblgroent bck tabercee ‘fcappr-corsion products. eos adherent and pro aero copper slide ‘have rote ree fromthe wppe vo tbe hal-secons. iy /atlen water inside rbes an tings) of copper tubes and ings noe ‘mally sasocsted with crating d- ‘mesic ht ater (DEW) str rotos corto ern br reogaired seni (Pow C). Ares of aac 9p cally are grooved and sential fee of residual corrosion products. feted ar normaly are big and hy, ke 2 new penay. Thies understandable, Considering the erosion phare of thit ‘pi epeiveprocestfemnoves sop peroxide films fiom copper furfaces. Often, the U-shaped pits In areas of attack are distinct enough that the direction of water flow fan be determined, The oienttion of the pits gives the impression ‘of horses walking upstream" Lengel ie wections of ue rma veal Sereuting, whic ha the appearance of ‘oxzan waves, ith theres of he wanes fing the arection of we ow? “incicuating hot-water stems, > sion comrsion often i sociated with ‘tury soft waters and water soften tos pearzeo hanes prt ters containing appreciable amounts of dissolved oxygen and/or disoled cat- bon dioxde (COs) Erosion cortoson ‘sfacilnated by water eemperatures ‘ster than 140 Fand ow ates awe {£105 fps: Erosion corn can be pecaly severe at water temperatures above 160 at which por lack cupric oxide (CuO) forms iitead oF ee row CisO. Cu appears to be mich less o erosion coroson than (Gaui. roion coeroson ala cen be factated bythe presence of abrasive suspended solids (e.g. fon oxide tnd/or sind). Of, eeion corrosion amage i resected to locations ere str flow makes itil ange in rection over realy short distances. Poor workmanship leading ease ‘ot erosion-corconon files. This i dudes * Uasesmed ct tbe end + Globaler of older on waterside surfs, Deets tubes so ings. * Tubes nor filly inserted into Anings rie wo soldering 1 Taber “och” in iting ‘Tuber no ct que, PHOTO U-shaped pits nd associstdtbe-valporoatins ee aro) a8 Iocaled proactive are are dnt nough tthe direction of ot water ow ‘canbe determined. + Improperly insaalled flared Sings. * Disapted How ad excessive tebe lence in eer locations (Of workatanshipelated ceases of croton somonon, the mot ions snd prevalear is unreamed uc tube ends rosin corosion ca be eiigated by keeping water velocity below 410 5 fps, eliminating abrasive mepended solids rom ccalating water, and mn taining water temperature below 130 ae Bxcesive veo in ceulting tems fen is astacited with oveined sirelating pumps and/or undersized tubes and fietings. Someximes, these

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