Father Saturnino Urios University

Graduate Studies
Butuan City
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MSPE 507 Human Movement Science and Analysis

UNIT 3 Trunk and Vertebra
Description and Primary Action of the Bones and Muscles of the Body

Bones of the Upper Extremity

Part Bone Description
Arm 1. HUMERUS - The humerus is a
long bone which
consists of a shaft
(diaphysis) and two
extremities
(epiphysis). It is the
longest bone of the
upper extremity.
2. RADUIS
- The outer of the
two bones of the
forearm when
viewed with the
palm facing
forward, it is one of
the two large bones
of the forearm, the
3. ULNA other being the
ulna.

- A long bone in the

forearm. It lies
medially and
parallel to the
radius, the second
of the forearm
bones. The ulna acts
as the stabilizing
bone, with radius
pivoting to produce
movement.
Forearm 1. RADIUS - The outer of the
two bones of the
forearm when
viewed with the
palm facing
forward, it is one of
the two large bones
of the forearm, the
other being the
2. ULNA
ulna.
- A long bone in the
forearm. It lies
 medially and
parallel to the
radius, the second
of the forearm
bones. The ulna acts
as the stabilizing
bone, with radius
pivoting to produce
movement.
Hand – The bones of the 1. CARPAL BONES - A set of eight
hand provide support and (PROXIMAL) irregularly shaped
flexibility to the soft tissues. bones. These are
They can be divided into located in the wrist
three categories: area.
2. METACARPALS
- There are five
metacarpals, each
one related to a
digit. The
metacarpal bones
articulate proximally
with the carpals,
and distally with the
proximal phalanges.
They numbered,
and each associated
with a digit:
Metacarpal I – Thumb
Metacarpal II – Index
finger
Metacarpal III – Middle
finger
Metacarpal IV – Ring
3. PHALANGES finger
Metacarpal V – Little
finger

- The phalanges are

the bones of the
fingers. The thumb
has a proximal and
distal phalanx, while
the rest of the digits
have proximal,
middle and distal
phalanges.
Bones of the Lower Extremity
Part Bone Description
Thigh – The femur is the FEMUR - A thigh bone. It’s
only bone in your thigh. It the longest,
runs from your hip to your strongest bone in
knee. your body. It’s a
critical part of your
ability to stand and
move. Your femur
also supports lots of
important muscles,
tendons, ligaments
and parts of your
circulatory system.
Leg FEMUR - A thigh bone. It’s
the longest,
strongest bone in
your body. It’s a
critical part of your
ability to stand and
move. Your femur
also supports lots of
important muscles,
tendons, ligaments
and parts of your
TIBIA circulatory system.

- One of two bones

that comprise the
leg. As the weight –
bearing bone, it is
significantly larger
and stronger than
its counterpart, the
fibula. The tibia
forms the knee joint
proximally with the
femur and forms
FIBULA the ankle joint
distally with the
fibula and talus.

- Outer of two bones

of the lower leg or
hind limb,
presumably so
named (fibula is
Latin for “brooch”)
because the inner
bone, the tibia, and
the fibula together
 resemble an ancient
brooch, or pin. In
PATELLA humans the head of
the fibula is joined
to the head of the
tibia by ligaments
and does not form
part of the knee.

- Is a flat, inverted
triangular bone,
situated on the
front of the knee-
joint. It is the largest
sesamoid bone,
developed in the
tendon of the
Quadriceps femoris,
and resembles
these bones s it is
developed in a
tendon.
Foot TARSALS - A set of seven
irregularly shaped
bones. They are
situated proximally
in the foot in the
ankle area.
METATARSALS
- Connect the
phalanges to the
tarsals. There are
five in number –
PHALANGES one for each digit.

- The bones of the

toes. Each toe has
three phalanges –
proximal,
intermediate, and
distal (except the
big toe, which only
has two phalanges).

Muscles of the Upper Extremity

Part Muscles Primary Action
Superficial Anterior BICEPS - The biceps is named
Muscles of the for its two heads –
Arm/Shoulder short and long. The
biceps is the main
supinator of the
forearm (which
helps us rotate the
palm up and down),
 and helps
BRACHIALIS
- The brachialis is a
large, deep muscle
in the front of the
arm. It lies beneath
the biceps muscle
and attaches onto
the coronoid
process of the ulna,
just below the
elbow joint. The
brachialis is a strong
flexor of the elbow
TRICEPS (allowing it to
bend).

- The three-headed
triceps muscles is
the only muscle in
the back of the arm.
The triceps provides
the important
action of
straightening our
elbow, allowing us
to push up out of a
chair and throw a
ball. It also stabilizes
the elbow when you
are forcefully
supinating (think
turning a
screwdriver),
SHOULDER MUSCLES otherwise the
DELTOID bending action of
the biceps would be
unopposed, and our
elbows would bend
with every twist.

- The large muscles

on the outside of
the shoulder is the
deltoid, named from
the Latin deltoids
which means
“triangular in space”
Superficial Posterior
Muscles of the
Arm/Forearm

Muscles of the Lower Extremity

 Part Muscles Primary Action
Superficial Anterior
Muscles of the
Hip/Thigh/Leg
Superficial Posterior
Muscles of the
Hip/Thigh/Leg