Name : Class :

WORKSHEET 1.2
Further Aspects of Equilibria

1. A sample of butanoic acid, CH3(CH2)2COOH, is shaken with a mixture of two

immiscible solvents, ethoxyethane and water. The solvents form two layers. The
butanoic acid is distributed between the two layers, its concentration in ethoxyethane
being higher than its concentration in water.

a. State what is meant by partition coefficient.

[1]

b. The partition coefficient, Kpc, for butanoic acid between ethoxyethane and water
is 3.50.

A solution of 2.00 g of butanoic acid in 100 cm3 ethoxyethane is added to water.

This mixture is left until there is no further change in the concentration of
butanoic acid in either solvent. The mass of butanoic acid dissolved in the
ethoxyethane layer is now 1.62 g.

Calculate the volume of water used.

Volume of water used = …………………… cm3 [2]

c. In other experiment, 10.0 g of butanoic acid is dissolved in 200 cm3 of

ethoxyethane. This solution is shaken with 100 cm3 of water. The mass of butanoic
acid extracted into the water layer after shaking was 0.68 g.

Calculate the value of the partition coefficient, Kpc

1

Kpc = ……………………………….. [2]

Chem/AS2/WU1.2/Sem1/2023-2024
 d. The solubility of aluminum hydroxide, Al(OH)3, in water is 2.47 x 10 -9 mol dm-3.

i. Give the equilibrium expression for the solubility product, Ksp, of

aluminum hydroxide.

Ksp =

[2]

ii. Calculate the numerical value of the Ksp of aluminum hydroxide. Include
the units of Ksp in your answer.

Ksp = ……………………………

Units = ………………………….
[3]
[Total: 10]

2. An aqueous solution of lead(II) nitrate is mixed with an aqueous solution of sodium

iodide. A yellow precipitate of lead(II) iodide is formed and is filtered out, leaving
solution X.

a. 5.68 x 10-3 mol dm-3 of lead(II) nitrate solution is mixed with 4.20 x 10-4 mol dm-3
of sodium iodide.

Use these data to calculate value for the solubility product, Ksp, of lead(II) iodide.

State the units of Ksp.

Ksp = ……………………………

Units = ………………………….
[3]
2

Chem/AS2/WU1.2/Sem1/2023-2024
 b. In other experiment, 0.01 mol dm-3 of lead(II) nitrate solution is mixed with 0.1
mol dm-3 of sodium iodide.

Predict whether this mixture can produce a yellow precipitate of lead(II) iodide.
Explain your answer

Use the value of Ksp of lead(II) iodide in your answer in (a).

[4]

c. Potassium iodide is very soluble in water.

Describe and explain what is seen if a few drops of saturated potassium iodide
solution are added to a portion of solution X.

[3]
[Total: 10]
3

Chem/AS2/WU1.2/Sem1/2023-2024
 3. Iodine is found naturally in compounds in many different oxidation states.

Iodide ions, I-, react with acidified H2O2(aq) to form iodine, I2, and water.
This reaction mixture is shaken with cyclohexane, C6H12, to extract the I2.
Cyclohexane is immiscible with water.

15.0 cm3 of C6H12 is shaken with 20.0 cm3 of an aqueous solution containing I2 until
no further change is seen.
It is found that 0.390 g of I2 is extracted into the C6H12.
The partition coefficient of I2 between C6H12 and water, Kpc, is 93.8.

a. Calculate the mass of I2 that remains in the aqueous layer.

Show your working.

Mass of I2 in aqueous layer = ……………………… g [3]

b. Suggest how the value of Kpc of I2 between hexan-2-one, CH3(CH2)3COCH3, and

water compares to the value given in (a).
Explain your answer.

[2]
4

Chem/AS2/WU1.2/Sem1/2023-2024