Art and Science of Leadership 7th Edition Afsaneh Nahavandi Test Bank 1

5-1
Art and Science of Leadership 7th Edition

Afsaneh Nahavandi 0133546764 9780133546767
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Chapter 5: Power and Leadership

Multiple Choice Questions
1. _________ is the ability of one person to influence others.

a. Influence
b. Power
c. Authority
d. Control
Answer: b;
Easy;
LO1
2. The terms power and influence are different in that:

a. influence refers to changing the course of an action while…
b. influence implies effectiveness
c. power is vested in a position
d. influence is vested in a position
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO1
3. ___________ is power vested in a formal position.

a. Control
b. Persuasion
c. Authority
d. Influence
Answer: c;
Easy;
LO1
4. Which one of the following is one of the typical reactions to power?

a. control
b. compliance
c. counter control
d. influence
Answer: b;
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc.

5-2
Medium;
LO1
5. Zingerman’s Community of Business ZCoB provides an example of:

a. commitment
b. compliance
c. control
d. motivation
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO1
6. Kamal has sent directives for his employees to complete a certain task. The employees eagerly
undertake the task and complete it. The employees’ reaction is an example of:
a. commitment
b. compliance
c. control
d. motivation
Answer: a;
Challenging;
LO1
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
7. Paulette has set goals for all of her team members. She informs them of the goals; although several
members think the goals are not reasonable, they go along with them. The team members’ reaction is
an example of:
a. commitment
b. compliance
c. control
d. lack of motivation
Answer: b;
Challenging;
LO1
8. Lee has made several written and oral requests for his employees to undertake a new project.
Although he has not received any feedback from his group, the task does not appear to be even
started. This is an example of:
a. counter control
b. insubordination
c. follower power
d. resistance
Answer: d;
Challenging;
LO1
9. The leader’s power increases when employees _________.

a. are motivated
b. comply with her decisions
c. do not resist a decision

5-3
d. are committed to her decisions

Answer: d;
Medium;
LO1
10. Research about the effect of power distribution suggests that:

a. centralized power allows organizations to perform well.
b. concentrated power can be detrimental to performance.
c. leaders often give up power willingly.
d. power sharing works well in most cultures.
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO1
11. Nigel is an Australian manager who is heading a division of his company in Mexico. He has tried,
without much success, to get his employees to participate and make suggestions regarding how to
organize the work activities. The Mexican employees’ reluctance to participate may be due to:
a. the Mexican employees’ lack of experience.
b. the high-context Mexican culture.
c. the high power distance in Mexico.
d. Nigel’s incompetence.
Answer: c;
Challenging;
LO1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments;
12. The higher ________________ and the lower the _______________, the more likely it is that leaders
will hold a high degree of power that they can use.
a. power distance; tolerance for uncertainty
b. collectivism; power distance
c. egalitarianism; task focus
d. individualism; masculinity
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO1
13. In Japan and Indonesia people value:

a. independence and freedom
b. clear hierarchy and authority
c. creativity and innovation
d. hard work and independence
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO1
AACSB: Diverse and multicultural work environments
14. Mexicans expect their leaders to:

a. empower them
b. be creative
c. provide answers

5-4
d. give them independence

Answer: c;
Medium;
LO1
15. In __________ cultures, power bases are stable, and upward mobility is limited.
a. individualistic
b. socialized
c. vertical power
d. high power distance
Answer: d;
Challenging;
LO1
16. Researchers have identified ______ source of power related to individuals.

a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
Answer: d;
Medium;
LO2
17. Alan Greenspan, former chairman of the U.S. Federal Reserve, uses __________ and ___________
as primary sources of power.
a. reward; punishment
b. coercive; reward
c. informational; legitimate
d. legitimate; expert
Answer: d;
Challenging;
LO2
18. ____________ power is based on the formal position a person holds, while ___________ is based on
friendship and respect.
a. Legitimate; referent
b. Authority; politics
c. Persuasive; negotiation
d. Managerial; personal
Answer: a;
Easy;
LO2
19. Nicolo gets his employees to go along with him by threatening to fire or demote them. Nicolo is using
which of the sources of individual power?
a. Legitimate
b. Authority
c. Coercive

5-5
d. Expert
Answer: c;
Medium;
LO2
20. All managers have access to which source of individual power?

a. legitimate
b. authority
c. coercive
d. expert
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO2
21. The power of celebrities to influence others is based on which source of individual power?
a. legitimate
b. referent
c. informational
d. reward
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO2
22. In order for leaders to get commitment from their followers, they should rely on which of the
following two sources of power:
a. legitimate and referent
b. referent and expert
c. expert and reward
d. reward and authority
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO2
23. Using _________ as a source of power will most likely lead to __________.
a. coercive; compliance
b. reward; commitment
c. expert; compliance
d. referent; commitment
Answer: d; but “a” is also correct.
Medium:
LO2
24. Individuals with _________ power can influence others because they are liked and respected.
a. legitimate
b. referent
c. informational
d. reward
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO2

5-6
25. Which one of the following is not one of the influence tactics?
a. control
b. pressure
c. exchange
d. inspiration
Answer: a;
Easy;
LO2
26. If you are trying to influence your supervisor’s decision regarding a project, which would be the most
appropriate influence tactic to use?
a. pressure
b. personal appeal
c. consultation
d. rational persuasion
Answer: d;
Medium;
LO2
27. The personal appeal influence tactic is most appropriate to use with _____________.
a. supervisors
b. colleagues
c. subordinates
d. everyone
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO2
28. ___________ is one of the influence tactics that rely on all sources of personal power.
a. Pressure
b. Personal appeal
c. Consultation
d. Rational persuasion
Answer: c;
Medium;
LO2
29. In early stages of their career, which base of power should young leaders develop?
a. legitimate through power building
b. credibility through expertise
c. reward through access to resources
d. coercion by demonstrating toughness
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO2
30. What challenges do managers in mid careers face regarding power?

a. building credibility
b. sharing power
c. using power ethically

5-7
d. giving fair rewards

Answer: c;
Medium;
LO2
31. Regarding the use of power, managers in late career stages must:
a. empower others
b. build their network
c. train their replacement
d. let go of power
Answer: d;
Medium;
LO2
32. ___________ sources of power are particularly important to teams.

a. Personal
b. Individual
c. Legitimate
d. Organizational
Answer: d;
Medium;
LO2
33. The concept of ________________ suggests that teams gain power based on their ability to remove
obstacles for others.
a. strategic contingencies
b. shared power
c. empowerment
d. coalition building
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO2
34. Which of the following is not one of the organizational sources of power?
a. centrality
b. dependency
c. substitutability
d. organicity
Answer: d;
Medium;
LO2
35. A team that helps others in the organization by providing a service that is key to goal accomplishment
will gain power. This is an example of:
a. centrality
b. organicity
c. coping with uncertainty
d. boundary spanning
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO2

5-8
36. Teams can gain power by reducing uncertainty for others in their organization. Which of the
following is not one of the uncertainty reduction methods?
a. gathering information
b. prediction of upcoming changes
c. prevent changes from affecting the organization
d. preventing change from happening
Answer: d;
Medium;
LO2
37. The CEO of a company believes that diversity is a very important and strategic issue. She creates a
team to make diversity related recommendations and has the team report directly to her on a regular
basis. The CEO is using which organizational source of power to assure that the team has power?
a. centrality
b. organicity
d. boundary spanning
Answer: a;
Challenging;
LO2
38. Team Alpha has developed considerable expertise and has a lot of departments that depend on it to
get their job done. Team Alpha’ source of power is:
a. centrality
b. lack of substitutability
d. legitimate rewards
Answer: b;
Challenging;
LO2
39. A team leader focuses on assuring that his team members have the latest expertise not available
elsewhere in the organization. He is using which organizational source of power to assure that his
team has power?
a. centrality
b. organicity
c. lack of substitutability
d. coalition building
Answer: c;
Medium;
LO2;
40. Which of the following is not one of the ways to help increase the power of teams so that they can be
effective?
a. Keep the team away from difficult challenges
b. Make the team central to the mission.

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c. Give the team meaningful tasks.

d. Provide the team with access to decision makers.
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO2
41. Top executives have access to how many additional sources of power?
a. two
b. three
c. four
d. five
Answer: c;
Easy;
LO2
42. The individual power source of “rewards” is equivalent to which source of top executive power?
a. distribution of resources
b. control of decision criteria
c. centrality
d. access to all levels
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO2
43. Whether an organization is a traditional or informal structure, CEOs are strategically located for
access to information and resources. This is an example of which of the executive sources of power?
c. centrality
d. access
Answer: c;
Medium;
LO2;
44. A new executive who brings in his own team and puts people he trusts in key positions is using which
source of executive power?
c. centrality
d. access
Answer: d;
Medium;
LO2;
45. Power corruption is primarily due to:

a. corrupt leaders
b. too much power without accountability
c. national culture
d. the board of directors

5-10
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO3
46. What was the attitude of the framers of the U.S. Constitution regarding power?
a. power should not be concentrated
b. leaders should have enough power to do their job
c. democracy is important
d. power is essential to leadership
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO3;
AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning
47. Causes of power corruption fall into two categories. These are:
a. group related and traits
b. individual leader and organizational factors
c. cultural elements and political factors
d. legal and ethical factors
Answer: b;
Challenging;
LO3;
48. Why are evil managers who abuse their power often successful?
a. They have loyal followers.
b. They manage their supervisor well.
c. Overall, they perform better than other managers.
d. They surround themselves with highly competent followers.
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO3;
49. Which one of the following is a sign of a destructive narcissistic manager?

a. They work alone
b. They don’t get promoted
c. They take care of their followers
d. They divide the world between friends and enemies
Answer: d;
Medium;
LO3;
50. The key organizational factor in abuse of power is:

a. a decentralized structure
b. the organizational culture
c. the leadership succession plan
d. the training and development plan
Answer: b;

5-11
Medium;
LO3;
51. Which one of the following is not an organizational factor that contributes to power corruption?
a. Formal and closed communication.
b. Focus on short-term goals.
c. Performance-based hiring.
d. Centralized decision making.
Answer: c;
Medium;
LO3;
52. Keesha’s employees rarely, if ever, disagree with her because they worry about her negative reactions
and tantrums. This is an example of which of the factors in the corruption cycle?
a. compliance
b. isolation
c. lack of accountability
d. flattery
Answer: a;
Challenging;
LO3
AACSB: Reflective Thinking;
53. Because of their power, employee compliance, and isolation, leaders in the corruption cycle often:
a. develop bad habits
b. have the inability to make decisions
c. worry about their constituents’ reactions
d. get an inflated view of themselves
Answer: d;
Medium;
LO3;
54. All but one of the following is a reason why followers comply with their leaders even when they are
wrong.
a. desire to ingratiate themselves
b. weakness and incompetence
c. fear of reprisal
d. lack of caring
Answer: d;
Medium;
LO3;
55. Employee compliance, flattery, and unwillingness to speak out contribute to a corrupt leader’s
reliance on ___________.
a. empowerment
b. financial measures

5-12
c. coercive methods
d. communication
Answer: c;
Medium;
LO3;
56. Dennis Kozlowski of Typco and Richard Scrushy of HealthSouth are examples of CEOs who:
a. became whistle blowers
b. abused their power
c. took action to correct ethical violations
d. made serious strategic mistakes
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO3;
57. Abusive and corrupt leaders intimidate their followers into silence and then consider the silence and
lack of responsiveness as a sign of their followers’ incompetence, therefore asking them even less for
input. This is an example of:
a. self-actualization
b. self-fulfilling prophecy
c. the corruption cycle
d. narcissistic destruction
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO3;
58. The isolation and flattery that contribute to the corruption cycle often cause leaders to:
a. seek outside input
b. rely more on board of director members
c. learn to make good decisions alone
d. think regular rules do not apply to them
Answer: d;
Medium;
LO3;
59. Which of the following is not a potential solution to top management corruption?
a. Centralized decision making
b. Reducing uncertainty
c. Empowerment
d. Greater accountability
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO3;

5-13
60. The underlying theme of empowerment is:

a. delegating all power to employees
b. sharing power with those who need it to perform their job
c. setting goals that everyone can achieve easily
d. centralizing decision making in the team
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO4
61. Which of the following is not one of the reasons empowerment tends to be effective?
a. It tends to increase employees’ sense of self-efficacy.
b. It allows employees to internalize goals and builds commitment.
c. It provides the leader with delegation training.
d. It brings power where it is needed.
Answer: c;
Medium;
LO4
62. Which organizational factor contributes to empowerment?

a. appropriate selection and training for leaders
b. appropriate selection and training for employees
c. setting high performance standards
d. removing bureaucratic barriers
Answer: c;
Medium;
LO4
63. Lin-may is eager to implement empowerment in her organization. She has encouraged her
employees, expressed confidence in them, and given them responsibility. She has created a positive
emotional atmosphere. What else must she do to make empowerment effective?
a. lower the performance standards.
b. create clear hierarchy for reporting
c. reward employees openly and personally
d. use only teams for decision making
Answer: c;
Medium;
LO4;
64. Which of the following is not one of the organizational factors in empowerment?
a. appropriate selection and training of leaders
b. removing bureaucratic barriers
c. expressing confidence in employees
d. fair policies
Answer: c;
Medium;
LO4
65. Top leaders of the Company XYZ have told their managers and employees that they want to
implement empowerment. They have decentralized the structures and changed the reward structure.

5-14
After a few months, they see no change in the leaders’ or employees’ behaviors. Which
organizational empowerment factor did they miss?
a. They did not train leaders and employees.
b. They did not create a positive atmosphere.
c. They did not walk the talk.
d. They set low standards.
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO4;
66. Ricardo Semler, CEO of Semco is an example of:

a. how a corrupt leader can negatively impact an organization
b. the importance of followers
c. the importance of training in successful empowerment
d. how teams can share power with their managers
Answer: c;
Medium;
LO4;
67. The first step for an organization to start the empowerment process is to:
a. identify the potential blocks to empowerment
b. train leaders
c. train followers
d. set up the right reward structure
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO4
68. Examples of the use of empowerment in many organizations show that:

a. empowerment is frustrating to many employees
b. leaders are afraid to give up power
c. empowerment can lead to increased motivation
d. followers are key to empowerment
Answer: c;
Medium;
LO4
69. The empirical research on empowerment has found:

a. mixed results for the impact of empowerment
b. that empowerment is an effective and powerful tool
c. empowerment works well across many cultures
d. empowerment works best in collectivistic cultures
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO4
70. In the early part of his career Alan Greenspan relied on which source of power?
a. legitimate
b. reward

5-15
c. expert
d. reward
Answer: c;
Medium;
LO2;
71. Empowerment can create _________, where the less a leader controls employees, the more likely
they are to accept responsibility and control.
a. lower employee standards
b. a system of interdependence
c. a cycle of corruption
d. a self-fulfilling prophecy
Answer: d;
Medium;
LO4
True/False Questions
72. Power is a necessary component of leadership.

a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Easy;
LO1
73. Power is the ability to influence others effectively.

a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Easy;
LO1
74. Power and authority are synonymous.

a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO1
75. Power and influence are primarily the domain of formal leaders within organizations.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Easy;
LO1
76. The employees at Zingerman’s Community of Business (ZCoB) are an example of commitment.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;

5-16
Medium;
LO1;
77. Commitment, control, and resistance are the three typical reactions to power and influence.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO1
78. A large majority of today’s organizations rely on democratic practices to accomplish their goals.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO1
79. Research indicates that concentrated power can be detrimental to organizational performance.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO1
80. The more equal the power distance in a Western culture organization, the higher the performance of
the organization.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO1;
81. The Chinese, Japanese, and Indonesians are all collectivistic cultures where employees are
comfortable sharing power with their leader.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO1;
82. The French and Germans expect their bosses to provide answers to their questions.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO1;

5-17
83. Legitimate power is based on the position in the organization while expert power relies on the
individual.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Easy;
LO2
84. Referent power is based on a person’s ability to get access to information.

a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Easy;
LO2
85. Personal sources of power are likely to disappear when a manager loses his/her position in the
organization.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Easy;
LO2
86. As Chairman of the Federal Reserve, Alan Greenspan relied primarily on his expertise to influence
others.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO2;
87. The most likely reactions to using reward and coercion as source of power are compliance and
resistance.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Easy;
LO2
88. When leaders rely on their expertise to influence followers, they are likely to simply comply rather
than be committed to the leader’s decision.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO2
89. Followers react to all sources of power the same way.

a. true
b. false

5-18
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO2
90. Consultation and coalition building are two influence tactics that use all sources of power.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO2
91. In order to increase commitment, one of the most effective methods of persuasion is coalition
building.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO2
92. It is most appropriate to use exchange as an influence tactic with subordinates and colleagues.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO2
93. To influence supervisors, rational persuasion is the most appropriate influence tactic.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO2
94. Because most of us are skilled at a few influence tactics, each person should stick with the tactics
she/he is most comfortable with.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO2;
95. Young leaders in early stages of their career should focus on building their power through
demonstrating their expertise and competence.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO2
96. Leaders in the middle of their career must focus on how to give up power to others.

5-19
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO2
97. The concept of strategic contingencies suggests that teams must address the needs of strategic
stakeholders outside the organization.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO2
98. Teams acquire power in organizations by addressing strategic contingencies.

a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO2
99. Teams increase their power as they are able to remove obstacles for others in the organization.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO2
100. By staying away from difficult challenges, teams can gain power.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO2
101. Top executives have and primarily use the same sources of power as individuals and teams.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO2
102. One of the sources of power for executives is the ability to control the criteria by which decisions
are made.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO2

5-20
103. The change in government personnel after elections is an example of access as a source of
executive power.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO2;
104. Most organizations provide their top executives with a lot of power without much accountability.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO2
105. Organizations have many checks and balances in place to limit the power of their top level
leaders.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO3
106. One of the benefits of power is that it increases the distance between leaders and followers.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO3
107. Both individual and organizational factors contribute to corruption that is caused by too much
power.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Easy;
LO3;
108. Managers who abuse power often have an inflated view of themselves.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Easy;
LO3;
109. Managers who abuse power perform well because they surround themselves with highly
competent followers.
a. true

5-21
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO3;
110. The most important organizational factor that contributes to power abuse is the culture.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO3;
111. Fear of reprisal or weakness are factors that cause employees to comply with corrupt leaders.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Easy;
LO3;
112. Follower compliance contributes to power corruption by increasing the leaders’ inflated view of
themselves.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO3;
113. The flattery that many followers use to express their views to their leaders is a helpful tool to
building good relations between them.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO3;
114. Leaders, regardless of their followers or the organization, are always able to wreak havoc and
abuse others.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO3;
115. Richard Scrushy of HealthSouth instituted effective ways to battle corruption.

a. true

5-22
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO3;
AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning;
116. The most common and serious consequence of power corruption is poor decision making.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO3;
117. Separating followers and leaders can help reduce power corruption.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO3;
118. Because corrupt leaders intimidate followers who refuse to speak out and contribute to decision
making, the leaders are often forced to use group decision making.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO3;
119. Because XYZ corporation has reduced its employees’ dependence on managers for feedback and
rewards, it is likely to see an increase in corruption of employees.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO3;
AACSB: Ethical understanding and reasoning;
120. The closer leaders are to day-to-day activities, the more likely they are to abuse their power.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO3;
121. Followers who do not depend on their leader are less likely to contribute to the corruption cycle.

5-23
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO3;
122. The most effective way to prevent power corruption is to address the organizational culture and
structure.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO3;
123. Research suggests that ethics training has little to no impact on the occurrence of ethical
violations.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO3;
124. Empowerment involves pushing decision making and implementation to the lowest possible
level.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO4
125. Leaders who want to implement empowerment should set high performance standards and
expect followers to meet those standards.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO4
126. One of the reasons empowerment can be effective is that it can enhance employees’ belief in
their abilities and provide them with a sense of control and accomplishment.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO4
127. The most important organizational factor in empowerment is decentralizing the structure.
a. true

5-24
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO4
128. Organizations that implement empowerment often have to lower their performance standards.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO4
129. Changing HR practices and training are essential to the success of empowerment in
organizations.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO4
130. Semco provides employees with freedom and empowerment and sets high performance
expectations.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO;
131. Semco and its CEO Ricardo Semler provide an example of how empowerment can work with
little training but good intentions.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;
LO4;
132. Although there is not strong research support, many organizations believe that empowerment
leads to higher employee motivation.
a. true
b. false
Answer: a;
Medium;
LO4
133. Considerable research about empowerment shows its positive impact on organizations.
a. true
b. false
Answer: b;
Medium;

5-25
LO4
Short Answer/ Essay Questions
134. Explain how Zingerman’s Community of Business, a delicatessen business, is considered a highly
successful human resource training company. Look the company up on the internet (see
zingtrain.com) and fully explain the question.
Answer: Students should find that the company offers a variety of leadership training information and
information on the company’s seminars, workshops and books.
Challenging;
LO1;
135. Explain the apparent contradiction of the less a leader uses her power the more she has.
Answer: Students could answer this question several ways. There is the idea that power increases as
commitment increases, but empowerment, which is giving away power, has been found to increase
commitment. Also, there is the dark side of leadership, which could entail the use of too much power and
long-term negative consequences for the leader and the organization.
Challenging
LO1 LO4
136. Alan Greenspan was considered one of the most powerful executives in the United States and had
an impressive 96% approval rating among CEOs. Why then did his policies contribute to the worst
economic collapse since the Great Depression of 1929 and why wasn’t Greenspan challenged?
Answer: Greenspan possessed both expert and legitimate power. However, these powers both rely on
individuals’ perception. The economy is difficult to predict and Greenspan at the time did what he
thought was correct. Unfortunately, he was unaware of how his actions would eventually do great harm.
Challenging;
LO2;
137. Explain why many leaders begin to think of themselves above the rules that apply to the average
person and how that contributes to abuse of power. Why is it then that the business world continues to
support staggering salaries and benefits for business executives?
Answer: CEOs are often able to climb the corporate ladder because others see their self-confidence as
evidence of ability (see Chapter 4 regarding the Dark Triad). Once in power, they maintain it by
surrounding themselves with weak followers, ruthlessly attacking those who disagree with them and
managing their superiors so that they can continue their quest for power.
Challenging
LO3;
138. Using the chapter concepts, outline what is necessary to lessen the power of businesses top
leaders and successfully have it subsumed by employees.
Answer: Table 5-5 outlines the solutions to CEO corruption. Maintaining checks and balances in the
public sector and reinforcing the power of board of governors and directors in other organizations so that
they can be independent from the leader are necessary steps toward holding leaders accountable.
Medium

5-26
LO3;
139. If empowerment is one of the proscribed best traits to develop for a successful organization, how
is it that the American people empowered Congress to make effective decisions yet the vast majority
of the public think Congress is not fulfilling that responsibility? Can any structural change be
accomplished or is the American public destined to this degree of effective/ineffective decision
making?
Answer: Students responses on this question may vary. Our constitution is based on a republic, not a true
democracy where individuals make decisions. Considering the difficulty of letting everyone in the
country make decisions regarding the governing of the nation, it is easy to see why the founding fathers
choose to empower a few individuals to make decisions. Obviously not everyone will agree with the
decisions of this select group, but it is not likely that we can replace such a system in the near future.
Challenging
LO4
140. Discuss what you think are the most needed improvements in many businesses to ameliorate
power abuse.
Answer: Table 5-5 addresses the solutions to corruption.
Challenging
LO3

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5-1

Art and Science of Leadership 7th Edition

Chapter 5: Power and Leadership

1. _________ is the ability of one person to influence others.

2. The terms power and influence are different in that:

3. ___________ is power vested in a formal position.

4. Which one of the following is one of the typical reactions to power?

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5. Zingerman’s Community of Business ZCoB provides an example of:

9. The leader’s power increases when employees _________.

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d. are committed to her decisions

10. Research about the effect of power distribution suggests that:

13. In Japan and Indonesia people value:

14. Mexicans expect their leaders to:

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d. give them independence

16. Researchers have identified ______ source of power related to individuals.

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20. All managers have access to which source of individual power?

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30. What challenges do managers in mid careers face regarding power?

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d. giving fair rewards

32. ___________ sources of power are particularly important to teams.

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c. Give the team meaningful tasks.

45. Power corruption is primarily due to:

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49. Which one of the following is a sign of a destructive narcissistic manager?

50. The key organizational factor in abuse of power is:

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60. The underlying theme of empowerment is:

62. Which organizational factor contributes to empowerment?

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66. Ricardo Semler, CEO of Semco is an example of:

68. Examples of the use of empowerment in many organizations show that:

69. The empirical research on empowerment has found:

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72. Power is a necessary component of leadership.

73. Power is the ability to influence others effectively.

74. Power and authority are synonymous.

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84. Referent power is based on a person’s ability to get access to information.

89. Followers react to all sources of power the same way.

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98. Teams acquire power in organizations by addressing strategic contingencies.

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115. Richard Scrushy of HealthSouth instituted effective ways to battle corruption.

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Short Answer/ Essay Questions

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