Pronouns

I can use reflexive, emphatic and indefinite pronouns.

Reflexive and emphatic pronouns

Reflexive and emphatic pronouns have the same form.

Subject Object Reflexive/emphatic what ha-p-pei-ved to your -filler?

pronoun pronoun pronoun
CÜ l cu.t myself. I was rÿa\ziiÿo¡ sotÿethiiÿg.
1 me myself
CD what were you tualeútg?
you you yourself
P Q That wooden giraffe.
he him himself
lOY° vuade that yourself?
u
she her herself = Q yes, I did.
it it itself You should be -proud of yourself', it's
we us ourselves beautiful', you. could sell it to sovÿeovÿe.
you you yourselves
they them themselves

We use a reflexive pronoun after a verb when the

subject and object of the sentence are the same.

Yetfe Reflexive ptensun (Qkject) ,

1 cut myself.
We taught ourselves Italian.
We can also use an emphatic pronoun after a noun
We can use reflexive pronouns after these verbs: cut, or pronoun, to mean 'this person or thing and no
hurt, burn, introduce, teoch, tell, make, force, watch, see, other one'.
surprise. She herselfsaid she hadmade a mistake.
May Iintroduce myself? I'm Mary Roberts. Ispoke to the director himself.
They were tired after the long flight but they forced
themselves to stay up late. We use reflexive pronouns after some verb + adjective
preposition combinations.
We don't use reflexive pronouns after these verbs: You should be proud of yourself.
decide, concentrate, wake up, stand up, rest, relax, hurry. Jason never believed in himself.
We can use an emphatic pronoun after the object of a However, we use object pronouns, not reflexive
noun to mean'without help'. pronouns, after prepositions of place.
Iheard a noise behind me.
Subject Verb Object Emphatic pronoun
We noticed someone standing near us.
He made that giraffe himself.
There are some idioms with reflexive pronouns.
They grew the flowers themselves. I'm sure they will behave themselves! (= be good)
Enjoy yourself! (= have fun)
We can use emphatic pronouns with this meaning Make yourself at home. (= behave as if this was
after these verbs: make, write, design, cook, grow, paint, your home)
fix, invent. Help yourself to hot drinks. (= take as many as
George grew those flowers himself. you want)
We managed to fix the computer ourselves. Iwent to the cinema by myself. (= alone)

16 Pronouns
 Complete the sentences with the correct
subject pronoun.
ÿ It switched itself off.
O *4 Circle the correct option.

1 . can teach himself.

2 Are _ proud of themselves?
3 . introduced ourselves.
4 . must look after yourselves.
5 . was by itself.
6 . hurt herself.

7 Can _ see yourself in this photo?

8 fixed the computer myself.
£
12 ©O 3.1 Listen to the stress in sentences a-g
and answer questions 1 and 2. Then listen again
and repeat. O
a She's enjoying herself.
b I've hurt myself.
c We filmed ourselves.
d Did you make that yourself?
[4
e They invented it themselves.
f The book itself is good but I didn't like the film.
g I spoke to the manager himself.

1 Do we stress the reflexive pronouns in

sentences a-c? Yes /No
2 Do we stress the emphatic pronouns in
sentences d-g? Yes /No

;;:3 O 3.2 Write the idioms with reflexive pronouns. L

Then listen, check and repeat.
ÿ yourself /you /enjoy /did ÿ The children liked seeing them / themselves
lúd ijou eiÿjo ij ijourseif_ ? in the mirrors.
1 to /yourself/ a cake/ help 1 She decorated herself the cake / the cake herself.
2 He likes having his family near him / himself.
2 by /was /himself /he 3 We watched us / ourselves on TV.
4 She was holding a big box behind herself / her.
3 make /at home /yourselves 5 He isn't enjoying him / himself today.

4 are /they /themselves /behaving S5 Cover the sentences in exercise 4. Look at the
pictures. How many sentences can you remember?

2:6 Complete the sentences with the correct reflexive

or emphatic pronouns.
She introduced herself to me.
O
I surprised _ by getting all the answers
correct.
_
Did Billy behave
We made this _
My sister hurt _ _ at the park.
The cat saw _ in the glass.
Help _ to biscuits, Mary!
The children went to the shops by _
The restaurant was nice but the food
wasn't very good.
Unit 3 17
Indefinite pronouns
We use indefinite pronouns when we talk about We can also use for + noun, to + the infinitive or a
people, things and places without using their name. defining relative clause after indefinite pronouns with
Someone helped me at the station. (= I don't know some- and any-.
his/her name.) We haven't got anything for Beth.
He lives somewhere in Australia. (= I don't know Let's find somewhere to eat.
exactly where.) Ican't see anyone Iknow.
Ididn't eat anythingyesterday. (= I ate no food.)
We use indefinite pronouns with every- and no- to
Didyou see anyone? (= It doesn't matter who.)
mean all and none. We use them with a singular verb.
We use indefinite pronouns with some- in affirmative Everyone has gone home. (= all the people)
sentences, and indefinite pronouns with any- in We saw nothing. (= We didn't see anything.)
questions and negatives. Everywhere is closed. (= allplaces)
I've looked everywhere. (= in all places)
However, we can use some- in questions if we are
making a request or an offer. Meaning 'all' Meaning 'no'/ none'
Can Ihave something else?
Would you like someone to help you? everyone/
People nobody/no one
everybody
Questions
Affirmative Things everything nothing
Negatives
Places everywhere nowhere
A person/ someone/ anyone/
people somebody anybody
We often use else (= other, more) after indefinite
Ath ing/ pronouns.
something anything
things Jack's still here, but everyone else has gone home.
A place/ (= all the other people have gone)
somewhere anywhere 'Wouldyou like anything else?' 'No, that's all, thanks'
places
We often use adjectives after indefinite pronouns with
some- and any-.
I'dlike to live somewhere hot.
Are you doing anything special this weekend?

*7 Tick ÿ the correct indefinite pronoun. Z8 ©O 3.3

O
Listen. Are the underlined vowel sounds
ÿ Have you found jnÿthuÿL? the same (S) or different (D)? Listen again and
repeat.
a anything (ÿ] b everywhere
1 I didn't break __ ÿ Nowhere's open. S/D
a somewhere b anything 1 I can see someone. S/D
2 You won't see this _ else. 2 Someone's up there! S/D
a someone b anywhere 3 He said something funny. S/D
3 Let's tell _ our news! 4 He said something wrong. S/D
a anybody b everybody 5 There's nothing on the bed. S/D
4 I'd like to buy _ for Sally. 6 There's nothing under the bed. S/D
a something b anything Q) Did you catch anything? S/D
5 _ else knows- just you and me.
7
8 Did you get anything? S/D
a Everyone b No one ÿ
6 Put the money _ safe.
a somewhere b something

18 Pronouns
 Complete each sentence with an indefinite / *1 3 Work in teams. Do the quiz. Which team
pronoun using a word from each box. can finish first?
AAV
1J
Vfl any every no no some some

one one one thing thing where where Write the name of:
ÿ There isn't at-ujtkino special in there - just a
few old clothes.
ÿ something fast.
1 Where is _ ? Have they all gone?
2 Ow! I've got _ in my eye. 1 something blue.
3 _ 's open. All the shops are closed today.
4 He needs _ to live. 2 something sweet.
5 I didn't know _ at the meeting.
6 The phone rang but _ answered. 3 something yellow
210 Circle the correct option.
ÿ Nobody want/ wants it.
4 something dangerous
1 Can I have something else / else something for
lunch? 5 somewhere hot.
2 Are/ Is everyone ready?
3 There was nothing Icould / could do. 6 somewhere cold
4 'Where have you been?' 'Anywhere / Nowhere.'
5 Have you bought anything for / to Angie? 7 somewhere dry.
6 She needs someone for /to talk to.

S11 O 3.4 Listen to four conversations. What are the 8 somewhere wet.
people doing? Choose from a-f.
9 someone tall.
1 c a buying train tickets
2 _ b looking at old photos
3 _ c walking in the countryside 10 someone famous
4 _ d shopping for food
e playing a game 11 someone funny
f planning a trip to another country
1 2 someone clever.
*12 O 3.4 Listen again and complete the summariesfaÿ)%
with these words and phrases.
somewhere anyone everywhere everything
Talk in small groups. Take turns to
anywhere she met on holiday in India
choose a topic from the list and talk
for breakfast to stop
about it for one minute.
Conversation 1
ÿ The boys can't see
anyone_
1 They want to find somewhere
__
. someone I admire
someone who lives in my street
2 They can't see _ good. someone in my family
something that makes me angry
Conversation 2
3 The boy's thinking of _ ,not something. something I want to have one day
something I want to do one day
Conversation 3
4 The girls haven't got
__
__
something I'd like right now
somewhere special in my country
5 They need to get something somewhere I'd like to visit
Conversation 4
6 The woman was somewhere _ in 1986.
__
7 Linda is someone
8 She hasn't been
__
Unit 3 19
*15 Complete the note with reflexive, emphatic and SI 8 Work in groups. Ask Yes/No questions
indefinite pronouns. to find people who can do these things.
Write their names.
Hi, Frank, Julia, Oscar, Ted and Itlarÿ! CfliA. you \M,a\ze yourself cry, I>íásy?
ftease make ÿ yourselves at home here
Por the week. No, I ca w/t.

Ive left Por ÿour supper in CfliA, you m,atee yourseLf cry, rzoiÿiÿy?
the fridge. I m sorrÿ there s
in the fYuit basket, but the greengrocer itin yes, [ cai*>.
tne village is verÿ good. Find someone who...

Help 3_ to the cake on table. ... can make himself/herself cry. -

(I hope ÿou like it. 1 made it 4 _ !) ... sometimes talks to himself/herself. _
There are lots of interesting places around ... likes going for a walk by himself/herself.
here. You can go _
5
different
everÿ daÿi has hurt himself/herself while doing sport.
ÿ ou don t need to do 6 _ when
likes seeing himself/herself in photos.
ÿou leave. Just close the door and leave the
keÿ under the flowerpot.
can make himself/herself sound like someone
EnjoM else _
Catherine would like something to eat now. _
PS Don't worrÿ about the cat. It can look has nothing in their pockets. _
after 8_ ! didn't phone anyone yesterday. _
can say something in five different languages.

;;:16
y
f You are Frank from exercise 15. Write
a thank you note to Catherine. Include
... did something special last weekend. _
three or more of these phrases. ... knows someone who has visited lots of different
countries. _
we went somewhere to eat
we met someone interesting Self-evaluation Rate your progress.
we couldn't see anyone
Ted went out by himself
he ate something bad
Julia found something strange
we saw something amazing / strange
Unfortunately, Oscar cut himself

x>ear Catherine
Thawte you! we've had a wonderful week
here.
Oia, Monday, we m,et sondeo \ÿe very
i-ÿterestli-vg. H-e...

*17 Read each other's thank you notes from

exercise 16. Who had the most interesting week?

20 Pronouns