| Connecting Strength

K2 Base Report
Lars Ivar Westgaard
Project address Fryxellsvägen 8, 691 37 Karlskoga
Author Design Arka
Issue date & version 19/07/2023 | K2 Base Version 3.1.86.1
 | Connecting Strength

About us

K2 Systems. Innovative mounting system from a strong team.

Since 2004 we have been developing pioneering and highly functional
mounting system solutions for photovoltaic installations around the world. Our
systems are designed in our own product development department where we
continually optimize and adapt mounting systems to the ever-changing
market.

A knowledgeable and friendly team 10 locations and worldwide sales network

Just like a mountain climbing team, K2 Systems
is built on mutual trust. This applies to our
customer service as well as within the company
itself, because we believe a trusting partnership
leads to successful photovoltaic projects.
Our employees place total focus on the needs
and wishes of our customer. This is true in all
company departments.
In our international team, everyone works
together to provide customers with competent,
comprehensive and entirely personalized service.
This is especially true in the constant training
our employees undergo with regards to product
optimization, quality assurance, or innovations in
construction techniques.

Quality management and certificates

K2 Systems stands for Connecting Strength, the highest quality, and precision-crafted and
customized components. Our customers and business partners deeply appreciate all of these
factors. Three independent authorities have tested, confirmed, and certified our skills and
components. External authorities are not the only ones to have put K2 Systems to the test. Our
internal quality control ensures that all our products are subject to a constant review process.
These measures all ensure the outstanding quality standards that exemplify products from K2
Systems, and which we maintain through largely exclusive "Made in Germany" or "Made in Europe"
practices.

Product guarantee
K2 Systems offers a 12-year product warranty on all products in its integrated range.
The use of high quality materials and a three-level quality inspection ensure these
standards.

In a nutshell
As roof-top specialists, we offer effective and economical solutions for roofs all around the world
and provide professional, fast and reliable support for our customers in the solar industry.

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 | Connecting Strength

Contents

Project overview 4
Roof 1 6
Assembly plan 8
Results 10
Structural analysis report 13
Roof 2 18
Assembly plan 20
Results 22
Structural analysis report 25

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 | Connecting Strength

Project overview

Project information
Name Lars Ivar Westgaard
Address Fryxellsvägen 8, 691 37 Karlskoga
Ground elevation 125.64 m
Author Design Arka

Load settings
Design method SS EN
Failure consequence class (CC) CC1
Design working life 25 years
Terrain category II - Plain fields with sporadic obstructions
Snow load on ground level 2.50 kN/m²

Roofs
Roof System Module Power Quantity Total power

Roof 1 SingleRail TSM-415DE09R.08 (Vertex S) 415 Wp 10 4.15 kWp

Roof 2 SingleRail TSM-415DE09R.08 (Vertex S) 415 Wp 9 3.735 kWp

Total 19 7.89 kWp

THE PROJECT IS VERIFIED.

The selected mounting system can be installed as planned
Thank you for choosing a K2 mounting system.

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 | Connecting Strength

Roofs

Project information
Name Lars Ivar Westgaard
Address Fryxellsvägen 8, 691 37 Karlskoga
Ground elevation 125.64 m
Author Design Arka

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 | Connecting Strength

Roofs | Roof 1

9.71 m
5.89 m

5.89 m
9.71 m

Roof System Module Power Quantity Total power

Roof 1 SingleRail TSM-415DE09R.08 (Vertex S) 415 Wp 10 4.15 kWp

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 | Connecting Strength

Roofs | Roof 1 | Assembly plan

Base Rails
Whole Rails Rail cutting
Type Total Rail Length Quantity 4.40 m Part of Rail Length Rest

A 2.984 4.400 2.984 1.406

B 1.212 1.406 1.212 0.184
C 1.212 4.400 1.212 3.178
D 1.212 3.178 1.212 1.956
E 1.212 1.956 1.212 0.734

Upper Rail
Whole Rails Rail cutting
Type Total Rail Length Quantity 4.40 m Part of Rail Length Rest

A 1.234 4.400 1.234 3.156

B 1.234 3.156 1.234 1.912
C 1.234 1.912 1.234 0.668
D 4.696 1 3.156 0.700 2.446
E 4.696 1 2.446 0.700 1.736
F 4.696 1 1.736 0.700 1.026
G 4.696 1 1.026 0.700 0.316

Fastener Spacing
Module Array Distance
1 field area 0.60 m
1 ridge 0.60 m
1 gableboard 0.60 m
1 corner region (eave) 0.60 m
1 eaves 0.60 m

Module arrays
Module array Width[m] Length[m] Width in modules Length in modules
1 8.85 4.60 5 4

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 | Connecting Strength

Roofs | Roof 1 | Module array 1

N

Roof 1 Module array 1

N
Mounting System SingleRail
Module 10(4.15 kWp) x

1
TSM-415DE09R.08 (Vertex
S)
Row spacing 1.77 m

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 | Connecting Strength

Roofs | Roof 1 | Module array 1 | Module blocks

N

8.9 m (5)

(0.6) (0.6)

(0.4) E E (0.4)
4.08
Dm= 10 mm
2.72 D D

4.6 m (4)
4.70 m
1.36 C C Dc= 20 mm
0.68 B B

1.23 m
0.00 A A
(0.4) (0.4)
D E A A B C F G
0.60
(0.7) (0.7)
2.981.77
0.00 0.88 m 2.65 5.32 6.20 7.09 7.97
1.21 m

Roof 1 Module array 1 Module block 1

N
Modules (5 × 4) - 10 = 10
Legend

1
Fastener

Mounting rail: K2 SingleRail 36

Mounting rail (Upper): K2 SingleRail 36

Rail Distance [m]

Distance to Roof Edge [m]

Dc Distance for clamping between modules
Dm Distance between modules

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 | Connecting Strength

Results | Roof 1

Roof System Module Power Quantity Total power

Roof 1 SingleRail TSM-415DE09R.08 (Vertex S) 415 Wp 10 4.15 kWp

Module
Name TSM-415DE09R.08 (Vertex S)
Manufacturer Trina Solar Energy
Output power 415 Wp
Dimensions 1,762×1,134×30 mm
Weight 21.8 kg

Components
Fastener SingleHook 3S
Base rails K2 SingleRail 36
Upper Rail K2 SingleRail 36

Loads on modules (module dimensioning)

ultimate state [Pa] Serviceability [Pa]
Array A-TrA
[m²] Pressure Pressure Uplift ⟂ Uplift Pressure Pressure Uplift ⟂ Uplift
⟂ ∥ ∥ ⟂ ∥ ∥

field area 2.00 1,095.7 835.8 -593.4 76.7 898.3 686.6 -458.6 76.7
ridge 2.00 1,095.7 835.8 -593.4 76.7 898.3 686.6 -458.6 76.7
gableboard 2.00 1,095.7 835.8 -1,041.6 76.7 898.3 686.6 -818.6 76.7
corner region 2.00 1,160.4 835.8 -767.7 76.7 950.2 686.6 -598.6 76.7
(eave)

eaves 2.00 1,160.4 835.8 -593.4 76.7 950.2 686.6 -458.6 76.7

Base Rails - Utilization result

ultimate limit state Usab. Distances maximum values

No. roof areas Pr CL Fst Pr Fst BR CL Fst
Module Array σ[%] σ[%] F[%] f[%] [m] [m] Lmax[m] Fst Dmax[m]

1 field area 23.2 0.0 51.8 7.8 0.600 1.360 0.473 1.158
1 ridge 23.2 42.4 51.8 7.8 0.600 1.360 0.473 1.158
1 gableboard 23.2 20.9 51.8 7.8 0.600 1.360 0.473 1.158
1 corner region (eave) 24.1 21.7 52.6 8.2 0.600 1.360 0.467 1.140
1 eaves 24.1 37.7 52.6 8.2 0.600 1.360 0.467 1.140

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 | Connecting Strength

Results | Roof 1
Upper Rail - Utilization result

ultimate limit state Usab. Distances maximum values

No. roof areas Pr CL Fst Pr Fst UR CL Fst
Module Array σ[%] σ[%] F[%] f[%] [m] [m] Lmax[m] Fst Dmax[m]

1 field area 47.8 3.3 --- 48.1 1.360 --- 0.483 1.674
1 ridge 47.8 6.3 --- 48.1 1.360 --- 0.483 1.674
1 gableboard 47.8 0.0 --- 48.1 1.360 --- 0.483 1.674
1 corner region (eave) 50.5 21.1 --- 50.9 1.360 --- 0.476 1.650
1 eaves 50.5 21.1 --- 50.9 1.360 --- 0.476 1.650

Pr Profile Fst Dmax maximum fastener spacing

Fst Fastener BR Base Rail
σ Stress UR Upper rail
f Deflection Usab. serviceability limit state
F Force CL Cantilever
CL/Lmax maximum cantilever length

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 | Connecting Strength

Results | Roof 1

Notes
The structural design complies with National Annex ESK 12 SS EN 1990 (2010) - Basics of Structural
Design.
Snow loads are determined in accordance with National Annex ESK 12 SS EN 1991-1-3 (2009) - snow
loads.
Wind loads are determined in accordance with National Annex EKS 12 SS EN 1991-1-4 (2010). The different
sections have been summarized for a better overview.
Service life is recognised according to ‘Eurocode EN 1991 - Action on structures, Snow loads’ and
‘Eurocode EN 1991 - Actions on structures, Wind actions’. Subject to the Building Regulations and for
security-relevant reasons the installation has to be dismantled at the end of its service life.
Failure consequence class is considered according to ‘Eurocode EN 1990 - Basis of structural design’.
Data and results must be verified with regard to local conditions and checked by a suitably qualified
person. Please see our TCU under https://k2-systems.com/en/base-tcu , in particular § 2 ("technical
and specialist requirements for the customer"), § 7 ("warranty provisions") and § 8 ("limitation of
liability").

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 | Connecting Strength

Structural analysis report | Roof 1

General information
Name Lars Ivar Westgaard
Mounting System SingleRail
Author Design Arka

Location information
Address Fryxellsvägen 8, 691 37 Karlskoga
Ground elevation 125.64 m

Roof information
Building height 4.00 m
Roof type Gable roof
Roof pitch 40°
Fastening method Roof construction
Roof covering Tile
Min. roof edge distance 0.00 m
Rafter Spacing 0.600 m
Rafter width 150.0 mm
set edge rafter left No
Rafter spacing left 355.0 mm
Rafter spacing right No
Rafter Spacing 355.0 mm
Batten spacing 340.0 mm

Loads
Design method SS EN
Failure consequence class (CC) CC1
Design working life 25 years
Terrain category II - Plain fields with sporadic obstructions

Wind load
basic wind speed vb = 23.0 m/s
Velocity pressure qp,50 = 0.543 kN/m²
Adjustment factor for service life fw = 0.921
Velocity pressure qp,25 = 0.500 kN/m²

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 | Connecting Strength

Structural analysis report | Roof 1

Roof areas

Array load impact area maxCpe10 minCpe10 wind pressure wind suction
[m²] [kN/m²] [kN/m²]
field area 10.00 0.533 -0.867 0.267 -0.433
ridge 10.00 0.533 -0.867 0.267 -0.433
gableboard 10.00 0.533 -1.400 0.267 -0.700
corner region (eave) 10.00 0.700 -1.100 0.350 -0.550
eaves 10.00 0.700 -0.867 0.350 -0.433

Snow load
Environment Open terrain
Snow guard No
Snow load on ground level sk = 2.500 kN/m²
Shape Coefficient for Snow µi = 0.533
Factor for roof pitch di = 0.766
Snow load on roof si,50 = 1.021 kN/m²
Adjustment factor for service life fs = 0.929
Snow load on roof si,25 = 0.949 kN/m²

Dead Load
Weight of module GM = 21.8 kg
Weight of mounting system per = 2.5 kg
module
Module area AM = 2.00 m²
Dead weight of module per m² = 10.91 kg/m²
Dead weight of mounting system per = 1.25 kg/m²
m²
Total Dead Load (excl. ballast) per = 0.12 kN/m²
m²

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 | Connecting Strength

Structural analysis report | Roof 1

Load Combinations
Ultimate limit state
Partial safety factor unfavourable permanent load γG,onl = 1.35
y

Partial safety factor unfavourable permanent load γG,sup = 1.20

Partial safety factor favourable permanent load γG,inf = 1.00
Partial safety factor destabilising permanent load γG,dst = 1.10
Partial safety factor stabilising permanent load γG,stb = 0.90
Partial safety factor first variable load γQ = 1.50
Partial safety factor variable loads γQ = 1.50
Combination coefficient with regards to wind ψ0,W = 0.30
Combination coefficient with regards to wind (additional varying ψ1,W = 0.20
influences)
Combination coefficient with regards to Snow ψ0,S = 0.70
Importance factor permanent κFl,G = 0.83
Importance factor variable κFl,Q = 0.83
Characteristic dead weight Gk
Characteristic snow load on the roof Si,n
Characteristic wind load Wk

Load case combination 01 Ed = γG,sup * κFl,G * Gk + γQ * κFl,Q * Si,n

Load case combination 02
Load case combination 03
Load case combination 04
Load case combination 05
Load case combination 06
Load case combination 07
Ed = γG,sup * κFl,G * Gk + γQ * κFl,Q * Wk,Pressure
Ed = γG,sup * κFl,G * Gk + γQ * κFl,Q * (Wk,Pressure + ψ0,S * Si,n)
Ed = γG,sup * κFl,G * Gk + γQ * κFl,Q * (Si,n + ψ0,W * Wk,Pressure)
Ed = κFl,G * Gk + γA * κFl,A * Ad + κFl,Q * ψ1,W * Wk,Pressure
Ed = γG,inf * Gk + γQ * κFl,Q * Wk,Uplift
Ed = γG,only * κFl,G * Gk

Serviceability limit state

Combination coefficient with regards to wind ψ0, = 0.30
W

Combination coefficient with regards to Snow ψ0,S = 0.70

Load case combination 01 Ed = Gk + Si,n

Load case combination 02 Ed = Gk + Wk,Pressure
Load case combination 03 Ed = Gk + Wk,Pressure + ψ0,S * Si,n
Load case combination 04 Ed = Gk + Si,n + ψ0,W * Wk,Pressure
Load case combination 06 Ed = Gk + Wk,Uplift

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 | Connecting Strength

Structural analysis report | Roof 1

Maximum load on modules (Mounting system dimensioning)
ultimate state [kN/m²] Serviceability [kN/m²]
Array A-TrA
[m²] Pressure Pressure Uplift ⟂ Uplift Pressure Pressure Uplift ⟂ Uplift
⟂ ∥ ∥ ⟂ ∥ ∥

field area 10.00 1.096 0.836 -0.448 0.077 0.898 0.687 -0.342 0.077
ridge 10.00 1.096 0.836 -0.448 0.077 0.898 0.687 -0.342 0.077
gableboard 10.00 1.096 0.836 -0.780 0.077 0.898 0.687 -0.609 0.077
corner region 10.00 1.160 0.836 -0.594 0.077 0.950 0.687 -0.459 0.077
(eave)

eaves 10.00 1.160 0.836 -0.448 0.077 0.950 0.687 -0.342 0.077

Max. load on fastener

ultimate state [kN] Serviceability [kN]
Array A-TrA
[m²] Pressure Pressure Uplift ⟂ Uplift ∥ Pressure Pressure Uplift ⟂ Uplift ∥
⟂ ∥ ⟂ ∥

field area 10.00 0.939 0.716 -0.384 0.066 0.770 0.588 -0.293 0.066
ridge 10.00 0.939 0.716 -0.384 0.066 0.770 0.588 -0.293 0.066
gableboard 10.00 0.939 0.716 -0.669 0.066 0.770 0.588 -0.522 0.066
corner region 10.00 0.994 0.716 -0.509 0.066 0.814 0.588 -0.393 0.066
(eave)

eaves 10.00 0.994 0.716 -0.384 0.066 0.814 0.588 -0.293 0.066

Resistance Values of Components

Base Rails

Base Rails A Iy Iz Wy Wz
[cm²] [cm^4] [cm^4] [cm³] [cm³]
K2 SingleRail 36 2.850 4.02 6.37 2.14 3.09

Upper rail

Upper rail A Iy Iz Wy Wz
[cm²] [cm^4] [cm^4] [cm³] [cm³]
K2 SingleRail 36 2.850 4.02 6.37 2.14 3.09

Fastener

Fastener RD,Uplift,Perpendicular [kN] RD,Pressure,Perpendicular [kN] RD,Pressure,Parallel [kN]

SingleHook 3S 2.17 2.67 2.40

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 | Connecting Strength

Structural analysis report | Roof 1

Base Rails - Utilization result

ultimate limit state Usab. Distances maximum values

No. roof areas Pr CL Fst Pr Fst BR CL Fst
Module Array σ[%] σ[%] F[%] f[%] [m] [m] Lmax[m] Fst Dmax[m]

1 field area 23.2 0.0 51.8 7.8 0.600 1.360 0.473 1.158
1 ridge 23.2 42.4 51.8 7.8 0.600 1.360 0.473 1.158
1 gableboard 23.2 20.9 51.8 7.8 0.600 1.360 0.473 1.158
1 corner region (eave) 24.1 21.7 52.6 8.2 0.600 1.360 0.467 1.140
1 eaves 24.1 37.7 52.6 8.2 0.600 1.360 0.467 1.140

Upper Rail - Utilization result

ultimate limit state Usab. Distances maximum values

No. roof areas Pr CL Fst Pr Fst UR CL Fst
Module Array σ[%] σ[%] F[%] f[%] [m] [m] Lmax[m] Fst Dmax[m]

1 field area 47.8 3.3 --- 48.1 1.360 --- 0.483 1.674
1 ridge 47.8 6.3 --- 48.1 1.360 --- 0.483 1.674
1 gableboard 47.8 0.0 --- 48.1 1.360 --- 0.483 1.674
1 corner region (eave) 50.5 21.1 --- 50.9 1.360 --- 0.476 1.650
1 eaves 50.5 21.1 --- 50.9 1.360 --- 0.476 1.650

Pr Profile Fst Dmax maximum fastener spacing

Fst Fastener BR Base Rail
σ Stress UR Upper rail
f Deflection Usab. serviceability limit state
F Force CL Cantilever
CL/Lmax maximum cantilever length

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 | Connecting Strength

Roofs | Roof 2

5.42 m
4.33 m

4.33 m

5.42 m
Roof System Module Power Quantity Total power

Roof 2 SingleRail TSM-415DE09R.08 (Vertex S) 415 Wp 9 3.735 kWp

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 | Connecting Strength

Roofs | Roof 2 | Assembly plan

Base Rails
Whole Rails Rail cutting
Type Total Rail Length Quantity 4.40 m Part of Rail Length Rest

A 4.901 1 4.400 0.700 3.690

B 4.901 1 3.690 0.700 2.980
C 4.901 1 2.980 0.700 2.270
D 4.901 1 2.270 0.700 1.560

Upper Rail
Whole Rails Rail cutting
Type Total Rail Length Quantity 4.40 m Part of Rail Length Rest

A 3.542 4.400 3.542 0.848

Fastener Spacing
Module Array Distance
1 field area 0.60 m
1 ridge 0.60 m
1 gableboard 0.60 m
1 corner region (eave) 0.60 m
1 eaves 0.60 m

Module arrays
Module array Width[m] Length[m] Width in modules Length in modules
1 5.31 3.44 3 3

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 | Connecting Strength

Roofs | Roof 2 | Module array 1

N

Roof 2 Module array 1

1
N

Mounting System SingleRail

Module 9(3.735 kWp) x
TSM-415DE09R.08 (Vertex
S)
Row spacing 1.77 m

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 | Connecting Strength

Roofs | Roof 2 | Module array 1 | Module blocks

N

5.3 m (3)

(0.4) (0.4)
Dm= 10 mm
(0.0) (0.1)
D
3.06
2.72 C
1.36

3.5 m (3)
3.54 m
1.36 B Dc= 20 mm

0.00 A
(0.0) (0.1)
A A A A A A
0.60
(0.4) (0.4)
4.90 m

Roof 2 Module array 1 Module block 1 N

1
Modules 3×3=9
Legend
Fastener

Mounting rail: K2 SingleRail 36

Mounting rail (Upper): K2 SingleRail 36

Rail Distance [m]

Distance to Roof Edge [m]

Dc Distance for clamping between modules
Dm Distance between modules

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 | Connecting Strength

Results | Roof 2

Roof System Module Power Quantity Total power

Roof 2 SingleRail TSM-415DE09R.08 (Vertex S) 415 Wp 9 3.735 kWp

Module
Name TSM-415DE09R.08 (Vertex S)
Manufacturer Trina Solar Energy
Output power 415 Wp
Dimensions 1,762×1,134×30 mm
Weight 21.8 kg

Components
Fastener SingleHook 3S
Base rails K2 SingleRail 36
Upper Rail K2 SingleRail 36

Loads on modules (module dimensioning)

ultimate state [Pa] Serviceability [Pa]
Array A-TrA
[m²] Pressure Pressure Uplift ⟂ Uplift Pressure Pressure Uplift ⟂ Uplift
⟂ ∥ ∥ ⟂ ∥ ∥

field area 2.00 1,095.7 835.8 -593.4 76.7 898.3 686.6 -458.6 76.7
ridge 2.00 1,095.7 835.8 -593.4 76.7 898.3 686.6 -458.6 76.7
gableboard 2.00 1,095.7 835.8 -1,041.6 76.7 898.3 686.6 -818.6 76.7
corner region 2.00 1,160.4 835.8 -767.7 76.7 950.2 686.6 -598.6 76.7
(eave)

eaves 2.00 1,160.4 835.8 -593.4 76.7 950.2 686.6 -458.6 76.7

Base Rails - Utilization result

ultimate limit state Usab. Distances maximum values

No. roof areas Pr CL Fst Pr Fst BR CL Fst
Module Array σ[%] σ[%] F[%] f[%] [m] [m] Lmax[m] Fst Dmax[m]

1 field area 23.2 0.0 51.8 7.8 0.600 1.360 0.473 1.158
1 ridge 23.2 0.0 51.8 7.8 0.600 1.360 0.473 1.158
1 gableboard 23.2 0.0 51.8 7.8 0.600 1.360 0.473 1.158
1 corner region (eave) 24.1 0.0 52.6 8.2 0.600 1.360 0.467 1.140
1 eaves 24.1 0.0 52.6 8.2 0.600 1.360 0.467 1.140

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 | Connecting Strength

Results | Roof 2
Upper Rail - Utilization result

ultimate limit state Usab. Distances maximum values

No. roof areas Pr CL Fst Pr Fst UR CL Fst
Module Array σ[%] σ[%] F[%] f[%] [m] [m] Lmax[m] Fst Dmax[m]

1 field area 47.8 0.0 --- 48.1 1.360 --- 0.483 1.674
1 ridge 47.8 6.3 --- 48.1 1.360 --- 0.483 1.674
1 gableboard 47.8 6.3 --- 48.1 1.360 --- 0.483 1.674
1 corner region (eave) 50.5 9.5 --- 50.9 1.360 --- 0.476 1.650
1 eaves 50.5 9.5 --- 50.9 1.360 --- 0.476 1.650

Pr Profile Fst Dmax maximum fastener spacing

Fst Fastener BR Base Rail
σ Stress UR Upper rail
f Deflection Usab. serviceability limit state
F Force CL Cantilever
CL/Lmax maximum cantilever length

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 | Connecting Strength

Results | Roof 2

Notes
The structural design complies with National Annex ESK 12 SS EN 1990 (2010) - Basics of Structural
Design.
Snow loads are determined in accordance with National Annex ESK 12 SS EN 1991-1-3 (2009) - snow
loads.
Wind loads are determined in accordance with National Annex EKS 12 SS EN 1991-1-4 (2010). The different
sections have been summarized for a better overview.
Service life is recognised according to ‘Eurocode EN 1991 - Action on structures, Snow loads’ and
‘Eurocode EN 1991 - Actions on structures, Wind actions’. Subject to the Building Regulations and for
security-relevant reasons the installation has to be dismantled at the end of its service life.
Failure consequence class is considered according to ‘Eurocode EN 1990 - Basis of structural design’.
Data and results must be verified with regard to local conditions and checked by a suitably qualified
person. Please see our TCU under https://k2-systems.com/en/base-tcu , in particular § 2 ("technical
and specialist requirements for the customer"), § 7 ("warranty provisions") and § 8 ("limitation of
liability").

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 | Connecting Strength

Structural analysis report | Roof 2

General information
Name Lars Ivar Westgaard
Mounting System SingleRail
Author Design Arka

Location information
Address Fryxellsvägen 8, 691 37 Karlskoga
Ground elevation 125.64 m

Roof information
Building height 4.00 m
Roof type Gable roof
Roof pitch 40°
Fastening method Roof construction
Roof covering Tile
Min. roof edge distance 0.00 m
Rafter Spacing 0.600 m
Rafter width 150.0 mm
set edge rafter left No
Rafter spacing left 310.0 mm
Rafter spacing right No
Rafter Spacing 310.0 mm
Batten spacing 340.0 mm

Loads
Design method SS EN
Failure consequence class (CC) CC1
Design working life 25 years
Terrain category II - Plain fields with sporadic obstructions

Wind load
basic wind speed vb = 23.0 m/s
Velocity pressure qp,50 = 0.543 kN/m²
Adjustment factor for service life fw = 0.921
Velocity pressure qp,25 = 0.500 kN/m²

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Structural analysis report | Roof 2

Roof areas

Array load impact area maxCpe10 minCpe10 wind pressure wind suction
[m²] [kN/m²] [kN/m²]
field area 10.00 0.533 -0.867 0.267 -0.433
ridge 10.00 0.533 -0.867 0.267 -0.433
gableboard 10.00 0.533 -1.400 0.267 -0.700
corner region (eave) 10.00 0.700 -1.100 0.350 -0.550
eaves 10.00 0.700 -0.867 0.350 -0.433

Snow load
Environment Open terrain
Snow guard No
Snow load on ground level sk = 2.500 kN/m²
Shape Coefficient for Snow µi = 0.533
Factor for roof pitch di = 0.766
Snow load on roof si,50 = 1.021 kN/m²
Adjustment factor for service life fs = 0.929
Snow load on roof si,25 = 0.949 kN/m²

Dead Load
Weight of module GM = 21.8 kg
Weight of mounting system per = 2.5 kg
module
Module area AM = 2.00 m²
Dead weight of module per m² = 10.91 kg/m²
Dead weight of mounting system per = 1.25 kg/m²
m²
Total Dead Load (excl. ballast) per = 0.12 kN/m²
m²

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Structural analysis report | Roof 2

Load Combinations
Ultimate limit state
Partial safety factor unfavourable permanent load γG,onl = 1.35
y

Partial safety factor unfavourable permanent load γG,sup = 1.20

Partial safety factor favourable permanent load γG,inf = 1.00
Partial safety factor destabilising permanent load γG,dst = 1.10
Partial safety factor stabilising permanent load γG,stb = 0.90
Partial safety factor first variable load γQ = 1.50
Partial safety factor variable loads γQ = 1.50
Combination coefficient with regards to wind ψ0,W = 0.30
Combination coefficient with regards to wind (additional varying ψ1,W = 0.20
influences)
Combination coefficient with regards to Snow ψ0,S = 0.70
Importance factor permanent κFl,G = 0.83
Importance factor variable κFl,Q = 0.83
Characteristic dead weight Gk
Characteristic snow load on the roof Si,n
Characteristic wind load Wk

Load case combination 01 Ed = γG,sup * κFl,G * Gk + γQ * κFl,Q * Si,n

Load case combination 02
Load case combination 03
Load case combination 04
Load case combination 05
Load case combination 06
Load case combination 07
Ed = γG,sup * κFl,G * Gk + γQ * κFl,Q * Wk,Pressure
Ed = γG,sup * κFl,G * Gk + γQ * κFl,Q * (Wk,Pressure + ψ0,S * Si,n)
Ed = γG,sup * κFl,G * Gk + γQ * κFl,Q * (Si,n + ψ0,W * Wk,Pressure)
Ed = κFl,G * Gk + γA * κFl,A * Ad + κFl,Q * ψ1,W * Wk,Pressure
Ed = γG,inf * Gk + γQ * κFl,Q * Wk,Uplift
Ed = γG,only * κFl,G * Gk

Serviceability limit state

Combination coefficient with regards to wind ψ0, = 0.30
W

Combination coefficient with regards to Snow ψ0,S = 0.70

Load case combination 01 Ed = Gk + Si,n

Load case combination 02 Ed = Gk + Wk,Pressure
Load case combination 03 Ed = Gk + Wk,Pressure + ψ0,S * Si,n
Load case combination 04 Ed = Gk + Si,n + ψ0,W * Wk,Pressure
Load case combination 06 Ed = Gk + Wk,Uplift

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Structural analysis report | Roof 2

Maximum load on modules (Mounting system dimensioning)
ultimate state [kN/m²] Serviceability [kN/m²]
Array A-TrA
[m²] Pressure Pressure Uplift ⟂ Uplift Pressure Pressure Uplift ⟂ Uplift
⟂ ∥ ∥ ⟂ ∥ ∥

field area 10.00 1.096 0.836 -0.448 0.077 0.898 0.687 -0.342 0.077
ridge 10.00 1.096 0.836 -0.448 0.077 0.898 0.687 -0.342 0.077
gableboard 10.00 1.096 0.836 -0.780 0.077 0.898 0.687 -0.609 0.077
corner region 10.00 1.160 0.836 -0.594 0.077 0.950 0.687 -0.459 0.077
(eave)

eaves 10.00 1.160 0.836 -0.448 0.077 0.950 0.687 -0.342 0.077

Max. load on fastener

ultimate state [kN] Serviceability [kN]
Array A-TrA
[m²] Pressure Pressure Uplift ⟂ Uplift ∥ Pressure Pressure Uplift ⟂ Uplift ∥
⟂ ∥ ⟂ ∥

field area 10.00 0.939 0.716 -0.384 0.066 0.770 0.588 -0.293 0.066
ridge 10.00 0.939 0.716 -0.384 0.066 0.770 0.588 -0.293 0.066
gableboard 10.00 0.939 0.716 -0.669 0.066 0.770 0.588 -0.522 0.066
corner region 10.00 0.994 0.716 -0.509 0.066 0.814 0.588 -0.393 0.066
(eave)

eaves 10.00 0.994 0.716 -0.384 0.066 0.814 0.588 -0.293 0.066

Resistance Values of Components

Base Rails

Base Rails A Iy Iz Wy Wz
[cm²] [cm^4] [cm^4] [cm³] [cm³]
K2 SingleRail 36 2.850 4.02 6.37 2.14 3.09

Upper rail

Upper rail A Iy Iz Wy Wz
[cm²] [cm^4] [cm^4] [cm³] [cm³]
K2 SingleRail 36 2.850 4.02 6.37 2.14 3.09

Fastener

Fastener RD,Uplift,Perpendicular [kN] RD,Pressure,Perpendicular [kN] RD,Pressure,Parallel [kN]

SingleHook 3S 2.17 2.67 2.40

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Structural analysis report | Roof 2

Base Rails - Utilization result

ultimate limit state Usab. Distances maximum values

No. roof areas Pr CL Fst Pr Fst BR CL Fst
Module Array σ[%] σ[%] F[%] f[%] [m] [m] Lmax[m] Fst Dmax[m]

1 field area 23.2 0.0 51.8 7.8 0.600 1.360 0.473 1.158
1 ridge 23.2 0.0 51.8 7.8 0.600 1.360 0.473 1.158
1 gableboard 23.2 0.0 51.8 7.8 0.600 1.360 0.473 1.158
1 corner region (eave) 24.1 0.0 52.6 8.2 0.600 1.360 0.467 1.140
1 eaves 24.1 0.0 52.6 8.2 0.600 1.360 0.467 1.140

Upper Rail - Utilization result

ultimate limit state Usab. Distances maximum values

No. roof areas Pr CL Fst Pr Fst UR CL Fst
Module Array σ[%] σ[%] F[%] f[%] [m] [m] Lmax[m] Fst Dmax[m]

1 field area 47.8 0.0 --- 48.1 1.360 --- 0.483 1.674
1 ridge 47.8 6.3 --- 48.1 1.360 --- 0.483 1.674
1 gableboard 47.8 6.3 --- 48.1 1.360 --- 0.483 1.674
1 corner region (eave) 50.5 9.5 --- 50.9 1.360 --- 0.476 1.650
1 eaves 50.5 9.5 --- 50.9 1.360 --- 0.476 1.650

Pr Profile Fst Dmax maximum fastener spacing

Fst Fastener BR Base Rail
σ Stress UR Upper rail
f Deflection Usab. serviceability limit state
F Force CL Cantilever
CL/Lmax maximum cantilever length

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Service Hotline: +49 (0)7159 42059-0

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Germany
+49 (0)7159 42059-0
+49 (0)7159 42059-177
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