Chapter 8.

12
For each of the following causal statements, indicate whether the specified cause is (a) a necessary condition, (b) a sufficient
condition, (c) a necessary and sufficient condition, or (d) neither a necessary nor a sufficient condition.

*1. Sylvia’s exposure to the influenza virus caused her to get the flu.
cause: texting event: run redlight
2. Dorothy was texting, and so she ended up driving right through a red light.
d
3. The trees were cut down, and then we sprayed pesticides on the remaining vegetation; next thing you know, all the
animals that had lived there were just gone. b x guarantees y

*4. Chopping off the head of the king put an end to him.

5. The mighty Casey hit the ball out of the park, winning the game by one run.

6. I won’t tolerate your cheating! I want you to move out right now!

7. Taz yelled at the customer just because it was his last day at work, so he knew couldn’t be fired for it.

8. BUS221 is a required course for all accounting majors, which is why Kaitlin was allowed to register in the class.

*9. When you give humans air, they will survive. a y guarantees x

10. When carbon atoms are arranged in the proper crystalline arrangement, they make a diamond."