ASTM D7774 Standard Test Method For Flexural Fatigue Properties of Plastics

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ASTM D7774
Standard Test Method for Flexural Fatigue Properties of Plastics
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ASTM D7774 Standard Test Method for Flexural Fatigue Properties of Plastics
1. Scope
1.1 This test method covers the measurement of dynamic full reversed fatigue in plastic bending and is applicable to rigid and semi-rigid plastics.
apply Stress and strain levels are below the proportional limit and use a three-point or four-point bending system.
1.2 Two types of test methods are used.
1.2.1 Procedure A uses a three-point loading system to determine bending strength and uses a three-point loading system.
1.2.2 Procedure B uses a four-point loading system to determine bending strength and uses a four-point loading system.
1.3 The comparative test shall be performed according to any one procedure under the conditions in which the procedure is satisfactory for the test material.
1.4 SI units are used as the standard, and the values given in parentheses are for reference only.
1.5 This standard does not deal with safety issues, and it is the user's responsibility to ensure safety.
NOTE 1—This standard and ISO 13003 provide a direct comparison of two test methods that cover the same subject but differ in technical content and results.
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2. Related standards
2.1 ASTM Standards

D618 Practice for Conditioning Plastics for Testing
D638 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Plastics
D790 Test Methods for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating
Materials
D792 Test Methods for Density and Specific Gravity (Relative Density) of Plastics by Displacement
D883 Terminology Relating to Plastics
D1505 Test Method for Density of Plastics by the Density-Gradient Technique
D2839 Practice for Use of a Melt Index Strand for Determining Density of Polyethylene
D3479/D3479M Test Method for Tension-Tension Fatigue of Polymer Matrix Composite Materials
D4883 Test Method for Density of Polyethylene by the Ultrasound Technique
D5947 Test Methods for Physical Dimensions of Solid Plastics Specimens
D6272 Test Method for Flexural Properties of Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating Materials by Four-Point Bending
E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines

E83 Practice for Verification and Classification of Extensometer Systems
E1942 Guide for Evaluating Data Acquisition Systems Used in Cyclic Fatigue and Fracture Mechanics Testing
2.2 ISO Standard

ISO 13003 Fiber-Reinforced Plastics—Determination of Fatigue Properties Under Cyclic Loading Conditions
3. Terminology
3.1 Definitions - see term D883.

3.2 mean strain—the logarithmic mean of the maximum and minimum strains in one cycle
3.3 mean stress – the logarithmic mean of the maximum and minimum stresses in a period
3.4 R Ratio - the ratio of the minimum stress or strain to the maximum stress or strain
3.5 proportional limit—the maximum elastic stress or strain in the D790 (for Procedure A) or D6272 (for Procedure B) test.
4. Summary of test methods
4.1 Procedure A—The rectangular cross-section specimen is supported by two double-sided supports, and the load is applied using a double-sided
loading nose in the middle of the supports.
A support span-to-depth of 16:1 is used and a specified stress or
Periodically load the specimen evenly in both directions up to the strain level. Fatigue strength at a specified number of cycles
decide To determine the flexural endurance limit, test at at least four different stresses or strains.
Obtain a stress-failure cycle (SN) curve or a strain versus failure cycle (rN) curve.
4.2 Procedure B—The rectangular cross-section specimen is supported by two double-sided supports and has two double-sided loading noses.
Apply the load (each side the same distance as the adjacent support). Use a load to span ratio of 1:2 or 1:3. evenly in both directions from a
constant frequency to a specific stress or strain level until the specimen fails or yields
A load is applied to the specimen periodically. Fatigue strength is determined at the specified number of cycles. Determining the flexural endurance limit
In order to test at least four different stresses or strains, a stress-failure cycle (SN) curve or strain versus
Calculate the breakage cycle (rN) curve.
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5. Significance
and Use 5.1 Fatigue test is used to determine the effect of processing, surface condition, and stress on the fatigue resistance of plastic
materials subjected to bending stress during relatively many cycles. This result is also used as a guideline for the selection of plastic
materials to be used under cyclic bending stress conditions. 5.2 The physical properties may vary depending on the specimen depth and
test frequency. The test frequency is 1-25 Hz, but a frequency of 5 Hz or less is recommended. 5.3 The response to fatigue is not the same
for all plastics. If the plastic deformation does not show reversible elastic deformation, plastic deformation occurs during the fatigue test,
and the specified load or deformation amplitude during the test is changed. 5.4 The results of these fatigue tests are applicable to the
design only if the test conditions realistically mimic service conditions or are available and clearly defined 5.5 This procedure uses a variety
of specimen preparation techniques and results from specimens prepared in different ways. Comparison is not performed unless
equivalence is proven. 6. Equipment 6.1 Test Equipment - D790 standard must be satisfied. The error of the bending measurement system
is less than ±0.5% of the maximum bending, and it should be able to run a sinusoidal or square/trapezoidal load or a specified program at
the specified test frequency and maintain an error of less than ±1% of the maximum specified load or bending. 6.2 Recording Equipment -
Calibrated equipment is used to record the following information during testing at data collection rates and filters in accordance with E1942.
6.2.1 Load vs. Time 6.2.2 Bending vs. Time 6.2.3 Number of Cycles 6.3 Micrometers - D5947 used to measure specimen width and
thickness 6.4 Bending Fixture 6.4.1 Procedure A- Double-sided loading using a three-point bending fixture A nose and two double-sided
supports are required. One side supports the top of the specimen and the other side supports the bottom of the specimen. The dimensions
of both sides are the same.
Radius of Noses and Supports are in accordance with D790. See Figure 1 for an example fixture configuration for Procedure
A. This fixture has a support spacing of 50.8 - 254 mm (2 - 10 in.) in 50.8 mm (2 in.) spacing. 6.4.1.1 Set to support the
specimen with minimum pressure for specimen fixation. The specimen shall be long enough so that the tip does not slip off
the support during the test.
FIG. 1 Three-Point Fixture for Flexural Fatigue Tests
6.4.2 Procedure B- Use a four-point flexure fixture. This procedure requires Two double-sided loading noses and Two double sided
supports. One side supports the top of the specimen and the other side supports the bottom of the specimen. The dimensions of both
sides are the same. Radius of Noses and Supports are in accordance with D790. Load span-to-support span ratios are set to 1:2 or 1:3.
See Figure 2 for Procedure B's 1:3 Load-span-to-support-span ratio fixture configuration. in.) and 50.8 mm ( 2” ) apart. 6.4.2.1 Set to
support the specimen with minimum pressure for specimen fixation. The specimen shall be long enough so that the tip does not slip off
the support during the test. 7. Sampling, Specimens, and Testing Apparatus 7.1 Specimens shall be taken from specimens that
accurately represent the test material or design. 7.2 Specimens shall be cut into sheets, plates or molded forms or molded to the
desired finished dimensions.
Actual dimensions used in calculations are measured in accordance with D5947.
7.3 Procedure A—Conform to D790 for specimen dimensions, shapes, surfaces, and limitations. Specimens shall be placed at each end at least 10% of the support gap.
Long enough to allow for protrusion, but in no case less than 12.8mm 164 (1/2 inch). The overhang shall be sufficient to prevent the specimen from
sliding through the support.
7.4 Procedure B—Specimen dimensions, shapes, surfaces, and limitations are in accordance with D6272.
This test method covers only specimens with 1:2 or 1:3 load span-to-support span ratios. Specimens shall be long enough to allow protrusion at each end for at least 10%
of the support span, but in no case less than 12.8 mm (1/2 inch). The overhang shall be sufficient to prevent the specimen from sliding through the support.
7.5 Specimens that do not spontaneously break in the load range during the test are removed from the gage area to facilitate failure in the load range.
can be made thinner. Use a thinner specimen width for test stress or strain calculations.
7.6 Specimens cut from non-uniform thick molded parts shall be equally spaced on both sides to produce a uniform thickness at the support spacing.
process Because plastic thickness processing can change mechanical properties, be careful when applying design results.
7.7 To ensure that the specimen manufacturing process produces a consistent and uniform material,
It is recommended to perform density measurements from each specimen.
8. Specimen Quantity
8.1 Test on a minimum of three specimens (minimum of 12 specimens for each test) at four stress or strain levels. Refer to Table 1 of D3479 / D3479M for
additional specimen sizes.
8.2 For anisotropic materials, select and maintain unidirectional for all stress or strain levels.
9. Calibration and Standardization
9.1 All equipment shall be calibrated according to the manufacturer's specifications and E4.
9.2 Specimens are treated and prepared identically for accurate results.
10. Conditioning
10.1 Conditioning—Test specimens in accordance with Procedure A of D1618, unless otherwise specified in contract or relevant ASTM specification.
Adjust. The adjustment time is specified as a minimum, and the temperature and humidity tolerances comply with clause 7 of D618 unless otherwise specified by contract or
material.
10.2 Test Conditions—Unless otherwise specified in the contract or the relevant ASTM material specification, with tolerances controlled in accordance with Section 7 of D618.
Test at the same temperature and humidity used for
FIG. 2 Four-Point Fixture for Flexural Fatigue Tests
11. Procedure
11.1 Specimen Measurement—Measure all specimens and measure the specimen depth and width to 0.03 mm (0.001 in.) from the center of the support gap.
record For specimens less than 2.54 mm (0.100 in) deep, measure the depth to 0.003 mm (0.0001 in.).
Measure and average three times for each dimension at the center of the support gap. Measurements are in accordance with D5947.
11.2 Device Settings
11.2.1 Procedure A
11.2.1.1 Determine and set the support span. Up to 0.1mm (0.004”) for spans less than 63mm (2.5”), 63 mm (2.5”)
In the case of an abnormal span, measure up to 0.3 mm (0.012 ÿ). Use the actual measured span for all calculations. 11.2.1.2
Place the three-point bending fixture so that the load bearing of the test device and the load are on the same axis. This ensures
that no moments occur and that the load is applied directly to the center of the device. 11.2.1.3 Place the specimen on the
support so that the center of the specimen is aligned with the load nose and the bottom of the specimen is perpendicular to the load.
11.2.2 Procedure B
11.2.2.1 Determine and establish the support spacing and load range. For spans under 63 mm (2.5 in.), measure to 0.1 mm (0.004 in.), and for spans over
63 mm (2.5 in.), measure to 0.3 mm (0.012 in.) and use it for all calculations. 11.2.2.2 Arrange the four-point bending fixture so that the load bearing and
the load of the test apparatus are on the same axis. This ensures that no moments occur and that the load is applied directly to the center of the device.
11.2.2.3 Place the specimen on the support so that the center of the specimen is aligned with the load nose and the bottom of the specimen is perpendicular
to the load If the instrument is configured to follow a deflection waveform and not specified, the default waveform will be a sine wave and the level will be
below the proportional limit determined by D790 (for Procedure A) and D6272 (for Procedure B).
The R ratio is equal to -1 and the average stress/strain is zero because both Procedure A and Procedure B use a fully reverse load. Set the test
frequency (maximum 25 Hz) 11.3.2 Stress level selection - The stress level is less than the proportional limit, and the load related to the selected
stress level is determined by the following formula.
Procedure A
Procedure B, 1:3 Load to Support Span
P = load in N
S = flexural stress in MPa
L = support span in mm b =
width of specimen in mm d = depth
of beam in mm
11.3.3 Strain Selection - The strain level is less than the proportional limit. The bending of the selected strain level is determined by the following formula.
Procedure A:
D = midpoint deflection in mm r =
strain (mm/mm)
L = support span in mm d =
beam depth in mm
11.3.4 Set the end of the test to 107 cycles. 11.4 Test
11.4.1 Specimens are started at zero load. 11.4.2
Continuously record loads and bends. 11.4.3 The test
is continued until the specimen fails according to one of
the following criteria: 11.4.3.1 Failure 11.4.3.2 Yield - In the case of a load controlled test, if the
maximum bending increases by more than 10% during the test, it is regarded as specimen
yielding. In the case of the strain-controlled test, if the maximum load decreases by more than 10% during the test, it is regarded
as specimen yielding. 11.4.3.3 Complete the specified number of cycles (approximately 107 cycles). 11.4.4 Using an unused
specimen, repeat the above steps at least three times at four stress or strain levels. For additional specimen sizes, see Table 1 of
D3479/D3479M. 11.5 Retest—Retest if the specimen is out of support or if the frequency or amplitude is not maintained throughout the
test. 12. Results Plotting and Interpretation
12.1 Plotting Results

12.1.1 SN curve—Plot the logarithm of the maximum stress level versus the number of fractures (Nf) . All test data by creating an optimal curve
Plot and determine the SN curve.
Arrows pointing away from the plotted points in the direction of increasing cycles indicate no breakage. 12.1.2 rN
curve—Plot the logarithm of the maximum strain level versus the number of breaks (Nf) . Plot all test data by creating an optimal
curve and determine the rN curve. An arrow pointing away from the point plotted in the direction of increasing cycles indicates no
failure. 12.1.3 As the number of specimens increases at a given stress or strain level, construct an average S/rN curve using
probability plots and other statistical analyses. . 12.2 Interpretation of Results—When the SN or rN curve converges horizontally for a
constant stress or strain, this stress or strain value is interpreted as the durability limit of the material. If no asymptotes for constant stress
or strain are observed in the curve, test additional stress or strain levels until the number of cycles reached is greater than the number of
cycles expected to withstand in life. At this number of cycles, the amplitude, stress, or strain is interpreted as the endurance limit of the
material. If the user intentionally terminates the test before the specimen fails, report the constant stress or strain value determined from
the resulting SN or rN curve as the expected endurance limit. 13. Report 13.1 Report the following information 13.1.1 Complete identification
of material, including type, source, manufacturer code number, type, major dimensions, and manufacturing process 13.1.2 Cuts, including
machining or other changes that result in asymmetrical specimen preparation and loading specimen orientation 13.1.3 conditioning
procedure 13.1.4 specimen depth and width, 13.1.5 procedure used, 13.1.6 load span length (Procedure B only), 13.1.7 support spacing
13.1.8 support spacing to depth ratio 13.1.9 Load span-to-support span ratio (Procedure B only), 13.1.10 Radius of support and load
bearing if different from D790 13.1.11 Waveform used 13.1.12 Test frequency 13.1.13 Deformation (rN) or Stress (SN) 13.1.14 Stress or
strain tested 13.1.15 Quantity of specimens tested 13.1.16 Number of failures (Nf) for each specimen
13.1.17 SN curve
13.1.18 rN curve
13.1.19 Bending endurance limit or fatigue limit
13.1.20 Failure mode
13.1.21 Exam Date
14. Precision and Bias 14.1

Precision is being investigated by the Task group in Section D20.10.24 and those interested in participating in this work are directed to ASTM Headquarters.
D20.10.24 Contact Section Chair. See Table 1 for repeatability standard deviations. The
conditions for replayability for 2 weeks are as follows.
Procedure A, Three-point bend
Specimen thickness, 0.50 in.
Support Span Length, 8 in.
Test frequency, 3 Hz
Stress level, 17.6 MPa
Sinusoidal waveform
14.2 Bias—Since no standard or reference test method is available, it is not possible to address bias.
15. Keywords
15.1 fatigue properties; flexural; plastics; SN Curve
TABLE 1 Number of Cycles to Failure Repeatability Data for One Laboratory and Two Unfilled HDPE Materials

ASTM D7774 Standard Test Method For Flexural Fatigue Properties of Plastics

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ASTM D7774 Standard Test Method For Flexural Fatigue Properties of Plastics

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Machine Translated by Google

2.1 ASTM Standards

E4 Practices for Force Verification of Testing Machines

2.2 ISO Standard

3.1 Definitions - see term D883.

FIG. 1 Three-Point Fixture for Flexural Fatigue Tests

Actual dimensions used in calculations are measured in accordance with D5947.

FIG. 2 Four-Point Fixture for Flexural Fatigue Tests

Procedure B, 1:3 Load to Support Span

Procedure B, 1:2 Load to Support Span

Procedure B, 1:3 Load to Support Span

Procedure B, 1:2 Load to Support Span

12.1 Plotting Results

13.1.21 Exam Date

14. Precision and Bias 14.1

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