1. Explain briefly the characteristics of the wind tunnel used in present experiment.

We are using a low subsonic, frequency-controlled suction type wind tunnel. Instead of having
discrete phases, it enables us to continuously change the flow's speed. The test section's
dimensions are 61x61 cm2. Below is a description of the wind tunnel's components.

Bell Mouth: Before the settling chamber, it is the entrance to the wind tunnel. It is especially
designed like a bell so that the fluid entering it won't run into a sharp object. A sharp feature has a
tendency to disturb up the flow and introduce vortices. As the flow enters the wind tunnel, the
bell mouth ensures that it follows a smooth curve.

Honeycomb: This is a wire mesh that is either square, rectangular, or hexagonal in form and is
used to dissipate flow eddies. This must be done to guarantee that there is no turbulence in the
flow inside the settling chamber.
Settling Chamber: In this area of the wind tunnel, the flow settles. Since its velocity is
effectively zero, the pressure reading is almost equal to the stagnation pressure.
Contraction Zone: In order to maintain a constant mass flow rate when the flow enters the
contraction zone, the velocity must rise due to the decrease in cross-section area.
Test Section: The entire wind tunnel design is centered around this portion. In order to examine
the flow mechanics over and around the body, the test model is installed inside the test section.
Depending on the design requirements, the shape might be either rectangular or round.
Diffuser: As air leaves the test section to exit the tunnel, the velocity must decrease. To prevent
backflow and flow separation, this must be done. The function of the diffuser is to reduce the
flow velocity. The diffuser's design creates an adverse pressure gradient, which causes the flow
velocity to decrease as the cross-sectional area grows and the pressure to rise. We cannot put the
diffuser at a high angle since that will create a very steep pressure gradient and cause the flow to
separate.

2. Describe the aerodynamic properties of the airfoil MH70.

Max thickness 11.1% at 29.4% chord.

Max camber 3% at 39.6% chord

3. Explain the working principle of ZOC22B

A pressure sensor works by converting pressure into an analogue electrical signal.
 Pressure transducers have a sensing element of constant area and respond to force applied to this
area by fluid pressure. The force applied will deflect the diaphragm (such as piezoelectric
material) inside the pressure transducer. The deflection of the internal diaphragm is measured and
converted into an electrical output. This allows the pressure to be monitored by microprocessors,
programmable controllers and computers along with similar electronic instruments.

4. Indicate the differences between experimental data and the predictions from thin airfoil theory
in the plot of Cl v/s 𝛼. Why do we observe these differences?
The calculations made using the experimental data did not produce satisfactory results and
showed significant deviations from the theoretical values. because the Coefficient of Lift (C L)
was calculated using numerical approximations, and the numbers were then plotted without
taking into account the estimates' numerical errors. Since there were discrete values in the
calculation of C L, the integral cannot be taken; instead, we must make
numerical approximations 

The thin airfoil theory predicts a linear relationship between CL and α, however the plot makes it
evident that this is not the case. This is as a result of the thin airfoil theory's approximations and
assumptions, which were already covered above. The CL should not vary with Reynolds number
because it is solely a function of the angle of attack, yet that variation is also evident, according to
the theory of the thin airfoil. Actually, Angle of Attack, Mach Number, and Reynolds Number all
influence CL. We can see that the expression only varies with the angle of attack by taking into
account the thin airfoil theory that we used to derive it.

5. Does Cl vary with Re? Why or why not?

According to thin airfoil theory, The CL should not vary with Reynolds number because it is
solely a function of the angle of attack. But as mentioned above also it clearly varies with Re.
Moreover, it is also a function of Mach number. Together Re and M are called similarity
parameters.