Unit 5 Culture

1. The term ‘culture’ was first used by Edward Tylor

………. in 1871.
2. The word culture is derived from the ‘cultura’.
Latin word ‘cultura’.
3. The meaning of cultura is ‘ growing’, ‘cultivation’
4. Over the generations, some elements Culture is dynamic
are added, deleted, expanded,
rearranged and modified to culture.
What does this imply?
5. Two types of Culture - Material and Non-Material
Culture
6. It consists of objects which are made by Material Culture
human beings.
7. It is concrete and tangible in nature.
8. It consists of manufactured objects like
clothing, roads, jewellery, computers,
airplanes, television, missiles etc.
9. Non-material culture refers to the ideas Non- Material Culture
created by human beings.
10. It is abstract and intangible.
11. Norms, regulations, values, signs and
symbols, knowledge, beliefs etc are
examples of?
12. It refers to how we make sense of all the The cognitive aspects of
information around us. non-material culture
13. Ideas, knowledge, beliefs are examples
of what aspects of non-material
culture?
14. It consists of folkways, mores, customs, The normative aspects of
conventions and laws. non-material culture.
15. Values or rules that guide social
behaviour are what aspects of non-
material culture?
16. The………. culture changes very fast. Material
17. There is a lot of resistance to change Non material
in………. culture.
18. A gap between material and non- Cultural lag
material culture.
19. Indian flag,Emojis/smileys are Symbol
examples of ?
20. A group of words or ideas having Language
common meaning shared in a social
situation is …………….
21. With the help of ……….an individual Knowledge
can cope with the existing social
situation.
22. ………. knowledge is immediate Direct
knowledge,
23. …………. knowledge is mediated Indirect
knowledge
24. It involves standards of what is good or Values
bad, and desirable or undesirable.
25. …….. are statements that people hold to Beliefs
be true.
26. ………. are rules and behavioural Norms
expectations by which a society guides
the behaviours of its members.
27. Norms which spell out what we should Prescriptive
do……… norms .
28. Norms which spell out what we shouldn’t Proscriptive
do is……. Norms.
29. ……………are mildly enforced social Folkways
expectations.
30. ………. are strictly held beliefs about Mores
behaviours.
31. The time of meals, the number of meals Folkways
per day, the manner of taking meals,
the manner of its preparations; the
manner of speech; dressing; are
examples of ………..
32. It refers to the ways in which parts of Cultural hybridisation
one culture get recombined with the
cultures of another.
33. It is the view that one’s own culture is Ethnocentrism
better than anyone else’s culture.
34. It refers to the tendency to assume that
 one’s own culture and way of life are
superior to all others.
35. It can lead to a biased understanding of
other cultures.
36. Italian pizza with tandoori paneer as Cultural Hybridisation
topping, Celebration of Valentine’s
Day, language mixing, fusion music are
examples of
37. Global processes interact with local Glocalization
processes. It is the process of?

UNIT 6. SOCIALIZATION
1. It suggests that people are born with certain abilities Genetics
2. It to refer to the lifelong social experience by which human Socialization
beings are transformed into social beings.
3. It transforms the biological organism into a social being.”
4. The process of socialization signifies the role of ……… Nurture
5. Cases like Genie’s, ‘Wolf-Children’ of Midnapore’ denote the Socialization
significance of ……………….
6. ……………….. has elaborated on this process of building George Herbert
social self. Mead
7. ………………… is the first stage of formation of self. Imitation
8. In this stage, children imitate behaviour of adults without
understanding it.
9. A little boy might drive his mother to her office by driving
his toy car. Identify the stage of formation of self.
10. ………………… is the second stage of formation of self. Play Stage
11. A child plays, sometimes as being a mother or a teacher,
at times a postal worker, a police officer etc, Identify the
stage of formation of self.
12. ………………… is the third stage of formation of self. Game Stage
13. Children learn to behave according to the impressions of
others and in different situations.
14. A child at this stage is likely to be aware of the different
responsibilities of people in a restaurant who together,
make for a smooth dining experience.
15. It is a term used by Mead to refer to those individuals who are Significant others
most important in the development of the ‘self’.
16. The learning which happens in the early years is termed as Primary
……..socialization.
17. It takes place in infancy and childhood and involves intense
cultural learning. Ans Primary socialization
18. Family is the main agent of …………. socialization.
19. Physical expressions (smile, for example), verbal approval Positive
(good boy/girl), physical rewards (gifts) are examples of
…………. sanctions.
20. Peer group is ………… socializing agency. Primary

21. ………………… are friendship groups made up of people Peer Groups

of similar age.
22. Small children’s play group, teenage gangs, senior citizen
group-EXAMPLES OF?
23. Peer groups is an (egalitarian/authoritarian) agency? Egalitarian
24. Family, School is an (egalitarian/authoritarian) agency? Authoritarian
25. Schooling and education are considered as ………… Secondary
agencies of socialization.
26. It refers to things we learn from attending the school such Hidden
as respect for the system and obedience to authority curriculum
27. It plays a significant role in transmission of information, in Mass Media
building public opinion and reinforcing values.
28. It is a geographically localised community within a larger Neighbourhood
city/town.
29. One of the significant agents of adult socialization is Workplace
the………………….
30. Socialization through……. involves acquiring new skills,
knowledge and behaviour patterns suitable to the
requirements of the job.
31. The process of unlearning old norms, roles, and Resocialization
behavioural patterns and learning new patterns is called
…………….
32. It involves complete alteration of the earlier lifestyle and
thinking.
33. Prisons, military camps, mental health facilities, and private Total Institutions
boarding schools are examples of ………………….
Unit 7. Social Stratification
1. “The division of society into strata based on social position or Social
class. stratification
2. It refers to the existence of structured inequalities between
groups in a society
3. In this type of social stratification individuals or groups do not Closed
enjoy the freedom of changing their social strata. Stratification
4. In this type of social stratification there is no scope for
social mobility.
5. The Varna system and the caste system in India are
examples of ……………
6. In this type of social stratification individuals or groups enjoy Open
the freedom of changing their social strata. Stratification
7. In this type of social stratification there is scope for social
mobility.
8. The class system in modern industrial society is an
example of?

9. In a ………. stratification system, an individual’s position Caste

depends on the status attributes ascribed by birth.
10. It is based on concept of “purity and pollution.”
11. Every caste or sub-caste insists that its members should Endogamy
marry within the group. This denotes practice of?
12. Status, in the case of class system is …………. Achieved
(achieved/ ascribed)
13. An………class system is one in which vertical social Open
mobility is possible. (0pen/closed)
14. Higher education gives opportunities for ………. mobility. Upward
(upward/downward)
15. It refers to the unequal distribution of wealth, power, and Gender
privilege between the two sexes. stratification
16. It refers to the biological distinction between females and Sex
males-male or female
17. It refers to the social aspects of differences and hierarchies Gender
between male and female- the social meaning of masculinity and
femininity
18. ……………….. is the belief that one sex is superior that Sexism
the other.
24.The type of toys given to a child indicates the process Gendered
of socialization is….
25.Boys are given toy cars or bat and ball to play whereas Gender
girls are given household sets, medical sets, dolls etc. socialization
indicates?
26.The male dominance is supported by ………….. Patriarchy
27.In most, societies allocate fewer resources to women than Gender
to men, this indicates? Stratification

Unit 8. Social Change

1. It is a change in the social structure and social relationships Social change
of the society.
2. This implies that changes in the ‘structure’ of society have Structural-functional
an impact on social relationships. approach
3. ……………….. proceed from one stage to another, like Linear Change
in a sequence, and in a single direction.
4. Auguste Comte’s Theory of Three Stages of human
thought is an example of?
5. Changes taking place in several different directions at Multilinear Change
the same time is example of?
6. Styles of dressing or hairstyling which were popular Cyclical Change
few generations ago have become popular today. This is
an example of?
7. ………………… compares society to a biological Herbert Spencer
organism.
8. Joint families are now undergoing significant changes, Structural
this indicates…………changes.
9. Education was a function of the family previously, Functional
today, it is has become a specialized function. This
indicates…………. changes.
10. A huge increase in School Fees will have an impact on Interactional chain
student enrolment. It may further result in higher ‘drop reaction:
outs ‘State the characteristics of social change.
11. The purchase of new gadgets like Home Theatre is Short term
 …………...change.
12. Giving up social evils like dowry, early marriage, or Long term
domestic violence are……. changes
13. Natural calamities such as famine, floods, earthquakes, Unplanned
tsunami etc. are………change
14. Rehabilitation programmes designed for people Planned
affected from natural calamities is…………change.
15. ………….. gave importance to the cultural factor of social Max Weber
change
Identify the factor of social change for each-
16. E-learning, online education (for example, MOOCS), ● Educational
smart boards, virtual classrooms, National Digital factor
Library etc ● Technological
17. E-commerce, e-ticketing, online marketing, digitization factor
18. Liberalisation, Privatisation and globalisation ● Economic
19. Cultural diffusion and Ideas factor
● Socio-
cultural
factor